Great Morstaybishlia: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
|||
(140 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
[[Category: Dylan's links]] [[Category: Urth]] [[Category: Nations]] [[category: Aurora]] |
[[Category: Dylan's links]] [[Category: Urth]] [[Category: Nations]] [[category: Aurora]] {{RP award|type=Gold}} |
||
{{Infobox country |
{{Infobox country |
||
| conventional_long_name = |
| conventional_long_name = Imperial Kingdom of Great Morstaybishlia |
||
| common_name = Great Morstaybishlia |
| common_name = Great Morstaybishlia |
||
| image_flag = Newest Morst Flag (2023).png |
|||
| flag_caption = [[Wikipedia:Flag|Flag]] |
|||
| other_symbol = [[File:Coat of arms of MBE.png|50px]] |
|||
| other_symbol_type = Royal coat of arms: |
|||
| national_motto = |
| national_motto = |
||
| national_anthem = [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ErVKHFG70Bs ''"March of the Fatherland"''] |
| national_anthem = [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ErVKHFG70Bs ''"March of the Fatherland"''] |
||
| image_map = {{Switcher| [[File:MBE on a globe (svg to png exported; shrank for tepwiki compatability).png|300px|frameless]] | Show globe| [[File:2024 Map of Great Morstaybishlia.png|300px|frameless]] |
|||
| image_flag = New MBE Flag.png |
|||
| Show map of Aurora| [[File:Great Morstaybishlia and Overseas Territories 2024 for wiki.png|300px|frameless]]| Show overseas territories and Crown dependencies|default=1}} |
|||
| image_coat = [[File:Coat of arms of MBE.png|50px]] |
|||
| |
| loctext = |
||
| symbol_type = Coat of arms |
|||
| flag_caption = Flag of Great Morstaybishlia |
|||
| image_map = File:1200px-Wiki map Great Morstaybishlia (4 countries only) close up.png |
|||
| loctext = Map Location of Great Morstaybishlia (dark green) |
|||
| alt_map = |
| alt_map = |
||
| map_caption = |
| map_caption = |
||
| image_map2 = |
| image_map2 = |
||
| alt_map2 = |
| alt_map2 = |
||
Line 20: | Line 20: | ||
| largest_city = [[Sani Bursil]] |
| largest_city = [[Sani Bursil]] |
||
| languages_type = Official languages |
| languages_type = Official languages |
||
| languages = [[wikipedia:English language|Staynish]] <br /> [[wikipedia:Breton language| |
| languages = [[wikipedia:English language|Staynish]] <br /> [[wikipedia:Breton language|Kaltareg]]<br> [[Wikipedia:Cook Islands Māori|Jūs]] |
||
| languages2_type = Recognised regional <br /> languages |
| languages2_type = Recognised regional <br /> languages |
||
| languages2 = <br /> |
| languages2 = <br /> [[Wikipedia:Cornish language|Rombewek]] <br/> Axdelian <br /> [[wikipedia:German language|Ethalrian]] <br/> [[wikipedia:Georgian language|Salovian]] |
||
| membership = [[Staynes]] <br /> [[ |
| membership = [[Staynes]] <br /> [[Kaltariezh]] <br /> [[Valeria]] <br/> [[Jusdelva]] |
||
| membership_type = Countries of Great Morstaybishlia |
| membership_type = Countries of Great Morstaybishlia |
||
| ethnic_groups = |
| ethnic_groups = 68.1% [[wikipedia:Human|Human]] <br /> 21.1% [[Species|Elvish]] <br> 7.2% [[Cava]] <br> 3.6% [[Species|Other]] |
||
| ethnic_groups_year = |
| ethnic_groups_year = 2024 |
||
| religion = {{Unbulleted list |item_style=white-space:nowrap; |
|||
| 65.2% [[Thaerism]] |
|||
| 20.8% No religion |
|||
| 4% [[Paxism]] |
|||
| 3.2% [[Akronism]] |
|||
| 0.6% Varism |
|||
| 0.4% [[Ulvriktru]] |
|||
| 0.2% [[Ademarism]] |
|||
| 0.3% Other |
|||
| 5.4% No answer |
|||
}} |
|||
| religion_year = 2019 |
|||
| demonym = Morst, Morstaybishlian |
| demonym = Morst, Morstaybishlian |
||
| government_type = [[wikipedia:Federation|Federal]] [[wikipedia:Parliamentary system|parliamentary]] [[wikipedia:Constitutional monarchy|Constitutional monarchy]] |
| government_type = [[wikipedia:Federation|Federal]] [[wikipedia:Parliamentary system|parliamentary]] [[wikipedia:Constitutional monarchy|Constitutional monarchy]] |
||
| leader_title1 = [[ |
| leader_title1 = [[Succession to the Morstaybishlian Throne|King]] |
||
| leader_name1 = [[Lambertus VII]] |
| leader_name1 = [[Lambertus VII]] |
||
| leader_title2 = [[ |
| leader_title2 = [[High Elderthane of Great Morstaybishlia|High Elderthane]] |
||
| leader_name2 = [[Franklin Barvata]] |
| leader_name2 = [[Franklin Barvata]] |
||
| leader_title3 = |
| leader_title3 = |
||
| leader_name3 = |
| leader_name3 = |
||
| legislature = [[ |
| legislature = [[Samming]] |
||
| upper_house = |
| upper_house = [[Lord's Hall]] |
||
| lower_house = |
| lower_house = [[Folk's Hall]] |
||
| established_event1 = [[ |
| established_event1 = [[Kaltariz Civil War|Union of the thrones]] <br /> under [[Lambertus III]] |
||
| established_date1 = 1515 |
| established_date1 = 1515 |
||
| established_event2 = |
| established_event2 = Annexation of the [[Kormistazm|Kormistazmic Empire]] |
||
| established_date2 = 1575 |
| established_date2 = 1575 |
||
| established_event3 = Secession of |
| established_event3 = Secession of [[Axdel]] |
||
| established_date3 = 1970 |
| established_date3 = 1970 |
||
| established_event4 = |
| established_event4 = Acts of Union of Great Morstaybishlia and [[Jusdelva]] |
||
| established_date4 = |
| established_date4 = 2016 |
||
| established_event5 = |
| established_event5 = |
||
| established_date5 = |
| established_date5 = |
||
| established_event6 = |
| established_event6 = |
||
| established_date6 = |
| established_date6 = |
||
| area_km2 = |
| area_km2 = 4335443 |
||
| area_sq_mi = |
| area_sq_mi = |
||
| population_estimate = |
| population_estimate = |
||
| population_estimate_year = |
| population_estimate_year = |
||
| population_census = {{increase}} |
| population_census = {{increase}} 436,963,967 (2nd) |
||
| population_census_year = |
| population_census_year = 2024 |
||
| population_density_km2 = |
| population_density_km2 = 100.78 |
||
| population_density_sq_mi = |
| population_density_sq_mi = |
||
| GDP_nominal = {{increase}} |
| GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $15.478 trillion (1st) |
||
| GDP_nominal_year = |
| GDP_nominal_year = 2024 |
||
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $ |
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $35,421.7 |
||
| Gini = 0. |
| Gini = 0.38 |
||
| Gini_year = |
| Gini_year = 2024 |
||
| HDI_year = 2018 |
| HDI_year = 2018 |
||
| HDI = 0. |
| HDI = 0.904 |
||
| HDI_change = {{increase}} |
| HDI_change = {{increase}} |
||
| currency = Kirib |
| currency = [[Kirib]] |
||
| currency_code = ♅/KRB |
| currency_code = ♅/KRB |
||
| time_zone = Toransloe Mean <br />Time |
| time_zone = Toransloe Mean <br />Time |
||
Line 72: | Line 84: | ||
| utc_offset_DST = +7 to +11 |
| utc_offset_DST = +7 to +11 |
||
| time_zone_DST = Morstaybishlian Summer Time |
| time_zone_DST = Morstaybishlian Summer Time |
||
| date_format = |
| date_format = dd/mm/yyyy<br>yyyy/mm/dd |
||
| drives_on = The left |
| drives_on = The left |
||
| calling_code = +75 |
| calling_code = +75 |
||
| cctld = .MB |
| cctld = .MB |
||
| iso3166code = |
| iso3166code = MSB |
||
| area_rank = |
| area_rank = 3rd |
||
| GDP_PPP = |
| GDP_PPP = |
||
| GDP_PPP_year = |
| GDP_PPP_year = |
||
Line 83: | Line 95: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
''' |
The '''Imperial Kingdom of Great Morstaybishlia''', commonly known as '''Great Morstaybishlia''' (officially '''MSB''', but often informally abbreviated to the '''MBE''') is a [[wikipedia:unitary state|unitary]] [[wikipedia:sovereign state|sovereign state]] and [[wikipedia:transcontinental country|transcontinental country]] in [[Aurora]] and southern [[Cereneria]]. Great Morstaybishlia includes [[Staynes]], [[Kaltariezh]], [[Valeria]] and [[Jusdelva]], as well as other islands. Great Morstaybishlia shares land borders with seven countries (from left to right); [[Axdel]], [[Qayam]], [[Drakaland]], [[North Ethalria]], [[Blueacia]], [[Tivot]] and [[Marislia]], and neighbours [[Dewnania]] in the [[Filari Sea]]. Jusdelva shares no land borders except on one island with the [[Free Pax States]] and a district of Tivot, whilst neighbouring the [[The Oan Isles|Kohatu Isles]] by sea. The [[Morstaybishlian Sea]] lies between the north coasts of Staynes and Kaltariezh and the south coast of Jusdelva. The [[Caven Sea]] sits north of Jusdelva, and the [[Azure Sea]] sits south of Valeria. The [[Packilvanian Ocean]] starts at the left coastline of [[Staynes]] and the north-westernmost island in Jusdelva. |
||
Great Morstaybishlia is a [[wikipedia:Constitutional monarchy|constitutional monarchy]] with a two-House parliament system. The current monarch is [[Lambertus VII]], who has reigned since 1991 and the heir apparent is [[Princess |
Great Morstaybishlia is a [[wikipedia:Constitutional monarchy|constitutional monarchy]] with a two-House parliament system. The current monarch is [[Lambertus VII|King Lambertus VII]], who has reigned since 1991 and the heir apparent is [[Princess Rosamund]]. The capital is [[Sani Bursil]], a [[wikipedia:global city|global city]] and [[wikipedia:financial centre|financial centre]] with an urban area population of 50.8 million in 2024, the largest in Aurora, largest in the [[United Nations of the Auroran Continent]] and largest in [[Urth]]. Other major urban areas in Great Morstaybishlia include [[Rouanezkador]], Kuthernburg, Kirdintayos, Porthcamas, Redrugus, Bourbridge, and Swardings. The nearby [[Eskomia]] and [[Necraties Islands]] are not part of Great Morstaybishlia, being Crown dependencies with the government responsible for defence and international representation. |
||
The relationships among the countries of the Great Morstaybishlia have changed over time. In 1515, [[Lambertus III]] [[Battle for Caltharus 1515|united the thrones of Staynes and |
The relationships among the countries of the Great Morstaybishlia have changed over time. In 1515, [[Lambertus III]] [[Battle for Caltharus 1515|united the thrones of Staynes and Kaltariezh]] which formed the United Kingdom of Staynes and Kaltariezh, which went on to become the sovereign state of the [[Morstaybishlian Empire]]. Jusdelva was annexed by the Kaltariezh Empire between 1483 and 1485. Jusdelva declared independence from Morstaybishlia in 1967, but was not recognised until 1975. In 2016 Jusdelva entered a political union with Great Morstaybishlia under the Acts of Union of Great Morstaybishlia and Jusdelva leaving the present formulation of the Imperial Kingdom of Great Morstaybishlia. The Morstaybishlian Empire transitioned from an [[Wikipedia:Absolute monarchy|absolute monarchy]] to a [[Wikipedia:Constitutional monarchy|constitutional monarchy]] in 1917 by the end of the [[Great War]], establishing a democratically elected [[Wikipedia:Lower house|lower house]] to the [[Samming]]; the [[Folk's Hall]], enacting huge sociopolitical reforms including the abolition of slavery. The MBE is one of the last reminders of colonial times with nineteen [[Morstaybishlian Empire|Overseas Territories of Great Morstaybishlia]]; remnants of the Morstaybishlian Empire which, at its height in the 1800s, encompassed almost a tenth of the world's land mass and was the largest empire in history. Today, they collectively comprise of 106.144 million people over 828,243 sq km; whilst Great Morstaybishlia exists over 5,940,250 sq km and recorded 515.88 million people in its 2021 census, the first year the country recorded over half a billion people. Morstaybishlian influence can be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies. |
||
Great Morstaybishlia has the world's largest economy by nominal gross domestic product (GDP), and the second-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). It has a relatively high-income economy and a very high human development index rating, ranking 6th in the world. It was the world's first industrialised country and the world's foremost power during the 19th and early 20th centuries, competing in the Auroran Space Race and beating [[Ethalria (Grand Matriarchy)|Ethalria]] and [[Salovia]] by landing four men on [[Olune]] in 1968. The MBE remains a superpower, with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally. It is a recognised nuclear weapons state and is first in military expenditure in the world. |
Great Morstaybishlia has the world's largest economy by nominal gross domestic product (GDP), and the second-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). It has a relatively high-income economy and a very high human development index rating, ranking 6th in the world. It was the world's first industrialised country and the world's foremost power during the 19th and early 20th centuries, competing in the Auroran Space Race and beating [[Ethalria (Grand Matriarchy)|Ethalria]] and [[Salovia]] by landing four men on [[Olune]] in 1968. The MBE remains a superpower, with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally. It is a recognised nuclear weapons state and is first in military expenditure in the world. |
||
Great Morstaybishlia has been a member state of the [[United Nations of the Auroran Continent]] since its formation in 2017; the successor union to both the [http://nswiki.org/index.php?title=Auroran_Continental_Assembly| Auroran Continental Assembly], where the MBE was a member state, and the [http://nswiki.org/index.php?title=Auroran_Union| Auroran Union]. The MBE's council representative of the UNAC is [[Fischan Rhye]] who was appointed in December 2017. Great Morstaybishlia is also a member state of [[IRSA]], the [[Morstaybishlian Economic Sphere]] and Morstaybishlian Commonwealth |
Great Morstaybishlia has been a member state of the [[United Nations of the Auroran Continent]] since its formation in 2017; the successor union to both the [http://nswiki.org/index.php?title=Auroran_Continental_Assembly| Auroran Continental Assembly], where the MBE was a member state, and the [http://nswiki.org/index.php?title=Auroran_Union| Auroran Union]. The MBE's council representative of the UNAC is [[Fischan Rhye]] who was appointed in December 2017. Great Morstaybishlia is also a member state of [[IRSA]], the [[Morstaybishlian Economic Sphere]] and Morstaybishlian Commonwealth, a Permanent Invitee to the [[OFAC]], and has Observer Status in the [[Alliance of Northwest Gondwana]] and the [[League of Novaris]]. |
||
== Etymology and terminology == |
== Etymology and terminology == |
||
The word Morstaybishlia derives from an amalgamation of Morsa Lake, Staynes and the Bishlans. It is often misinterpreted for "More Staynes and the Bishlans". The true meaning of the name Morstaybishlia can be read from the founding documents of 1515 where is it described as "The Staynish people whom control the heart of the continent Morsa Lake; unionised with the [[Bishlan]] cultures of the east."; though Bishlan was latinised to Bishlia in the shortened form name Morstaybishlia. Bishlan derives from the [[Wikipedia:Breton language| |
The word Morstaybishlia derives from an amalgamation of Morsa Lake, Staynes and the Bishlans. It is often misinterpreted for "More Staynes and the Bishlans". The true meaning of the name Morstaybishlia can be read from the founding documents of 1515 where is it described as "The Staynish people whom control the heart of the continent Morsa Lake; unionised with the [[Bishlan]] cultures of the east."; though Bishlan was latinised to Bishlia in the shortened form name Morstaybishlia. Bishlan derives from the [[Wikipedia:Breton language|Kalt]] name of the Ider River "Aberbish", and replaces the Kalt place-name prefix ''[[Wikipedia:Aber and Inver (placename elements)|Aber]]'' with the Middle Staynish place-name suffix ''[[Lan (placename element)|Lan]]'', which literally means "shallow seas". |
||
The 2016 Acts of Union declared that the kingdoms of Great Morstaybishlia and |
The 2016 Acts of Union declared that the kingdoms of Great Morstaybishlia and Jusdelva were "United into one Kingdom", where the new state is also referred to in the Acts as the "Imperial Kingdom of Great Morstaybishlia", simply "Great Morstaybishlia". |
||
Although Great Morstaybishlia as a sovereign state is a country; Staynes, |
Although Great Morstaybishlia as a sovereign state is a country; Staynes, Kaltariezh, Valeria and Jusdelva are also regarded as countries, though they are not sovereign states. The High Elderthane's website has used the phrase "countries within a country" to describe Great Morstaybishlia. |
||
The term "MBE" was a historic acronym for the Morstaybishlian Empire, though today it is more commonly synonymous with Great Morstaybishlia. MBE is the standard country codes for Great Morstaybishlia and are consequently used by international organisations to refer to Great Morstaybishlia, replacing GM in 1959. Additionally, Great Morstaybishlia's Olympic team competes under the name "Great Morstaybishlia" or "Team MBE". |
The term "MBE" was a historic acronym for the Morstaybishlian Empire, though today it is more commonly synonymous with Great Morstaybishlia. MBE is the standard country codes for Great Morstaybishlia and are consequently used by international organisations to refer to Great Morstaybishlia, replacing GM in 1959. Additionally, Great Morstaybishlia's Olympic team competes under the name "Great Morstaybishlia" or "Team MBE". |
||
Line 104: | Line 116: | ||
The term "Morstaybishlian Empire", in politics, is used to describe Great Morstaybishlia and all Overseas Territories. |
The term "Morstaybishlian Empire", in politics, is used to describe Great Morstaybishlia and all Overseas Territories. |
||
The adjective "Morstaybishlian" is commonly used to refer to matters relating to Great Morstaybishlia and rarely as a synonym for Great Morstaybishlia. The term has no definite legal connotation, but is used in law to refer to Great Morstaybishlia citizenship and matters to do with nationality. People of Great Morstaybishlia use a number of different terms to describe their national identity and may identify themselves as being Staynish, |
The adjective "Morstaybishlian" is commonly used to refer to matters relating to Great Morstaybishlia and rarely as a synonym for Great Morstaybishlia. The term has no definite legal connotation, but is used in law to refer to Great Morstaybishlia citizenship and matters to do with nationality. People of Great Morstaybishlia use a number of different terms to describe their national identity and may identify themselves as being Staynish, Kaltian, South Staynish, Jus; or as being Marislian. A growing minority of people have identified themselves with Morstaybishlian nationality after the Acts of Union 1977, likely a patriotic spur. |
||
After the Union of the Thrones in 1515, the two kingdoms were briefly known as the "United Kingdom of Staynes and |
After the Union of the Thrones in 1515, the two kingdoms were briefly known as the "United Kingdom of Staynes and Kaltariezh" and subsequently their empire was known as the "Staynish-Kaltariezh Empire" until it was formally dubbed the "Imperial Kingdom of Morstaybishlia" in early 1517. |
||
The Acts of Union 1977 decreed the |
The Acts of Union 1977 decreed the Imperial Kingdom of Morstaybishlia in political unification with Valeria. By extension of ''Kingdom territory'', the region of "Morstaybishlia" was given the epithet "Great", short for "Greater". |
||
The Acts of Union 2016 decreed the |
The Acts of Union 2016 decreed the Imperial Kingdom of Great Morstaybishlia in political unification with Jusdelva to ratify the earlier 2016 Treaty of Union and so unite the two kingdoms. |
||
In 2017, a new design of Morstaybishlian passport was introduced. Its first page shows the long form name of the state in Staynish, |
In 2017, a new design of Morstaybishlian passport was introduced. Its first page shows the long form name of the state in Staynish, Kaltareg and Jusdelviz. |
||
==History== |
==History== |
||
===Before the Union of the Thrones=== |
|||
===Prehistory=== |
|||
There is evidence to suggest that Morstaybishlia has been settled by sentient, anatomically modern [[Cava|cava]] for nearly a million years, arriving from central Aurora where they evolved from a member of the [[Wikipedia:Dromaeosauridae|Dromaeosauridae]] clade of dinosaurs. These tribes were [[Wikipedia:Hunter-gatherer|hunter-gatherers]], in some cases exhibiting crude [[Wikipedia:Metalworking|metalworking]] as early as 40 Kya, such as gold artefacts found in the Avankad burial chamber and tin finds elsewhere. The metal would have been [[Wikipedia:Native metal|found in nature]] without the need for [[Wikipedia:Smelting|smelting]], and shaped into the desired form using hot and cold hammering without chemical alteration or [[Wikipedia:Alloy|alloying]]. There has been no evidence pointing to the use of melting, smelting and casting in this era of prehistoric Morstaybishlia. |
|||
[[File:Neolithic megalith in Horkalo.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Grengan dolmen, a neolithic megalith 3.8 miles from Horilan, Horkalo Province.]] ''Main articles: [[Staynes#History|History of Staynes]], [[Caltharus#History|History of Caltharus]], [[South Staynes#History|History of South Staynes]], [[Justelvard#History|History of Justelvard]]'' |
|||
The earliest traces of [[wikipedia:Homo|human life]] in what is now any part of Aurora began in what today consists of areas in Staynes and Caltharus approximately 1.7 million years ago. During this period, the Strathepolic Ridge connected the continents of [[Aurora]] to [[Yasteria]] across the [[Morstaybishlian Sea]]. Over the ensuing millennia, Humans were confronted by a harsh and variable climates. Early hominids led a [[wikipedia:Nomad|nomadic]] [[wikipedia:hunter-gatherer|hunter-gatherer]] life. Caltharus has a large number of decorated caves from the [[wikipedia:Upper Palaeolithic|upper Palaeolithic era]]. At the end of the last glacial period (10,000 BCE), the climate became milder; from approximately 8,000 BCE, this part of North Aurora entered the [[wikipedia:Neolithic|Neolithic]] era and its inhabitants became [[wikipedia:Sedentism|sedentary]]. By the end of the region's prehistoric period, the earliest known Auroran culture had developed and is thought to belonged, in the main, to a culture termed Strathepolic. |
|||
After strong demographic and agricultural development between the 5th and 4th millennia BCE, metallurgy appeared at the end of the 4th millennium, initially working gold, copper and [[wikipedia:Bronze|bronze]], and later iron. Morstaybishlia has numerous [[wikipedia:megalith|megalithic]] sites from the Neolithic period. The Strathepolic culture would refine itself in the 3rd millennium BCE. Culutral groups across Morstaybishlia existed, separated into three distinct groups; the Stanks, the Kalts and the Vals. The Ethalried conquest into what is now South Staynes in 109 CE saw the Ethalried Empire annex all of the land south of the [[Zycannes]] in one fell swoop, and then in 159 CE led an series of campaigns above the Zycannes into the Kingdoms of Kostaen, the Kingdom of Hortaen and the Kingdom of Burtael which made up modern Staynes. The Stayn people, the collective ethnicity of the three kingdoms, fought with determination and resilience, but faced a superior, professional army, and it is likely that between 400,000 and 650,000 may have perished in the conquest period. |
|||
====Early Middle Ages==== |
|||
=====Fall of the Second Maltervenian Empire===== |
|||
====Late Middle Ages==== |
|||
=====The Red War===== |
|||
=====Staynish conquests of Valeria===== |
|||
=====Seventy Years' War===== |
|||
===Early Modern from Union of the Thrones=== |
|||
{{Infobox military conflict |
|||
|conflict = Caltharus Throne War |
|||
|partof = Caltharus Conflicts |
|||
|image = [[File:Lambertus the Great after claiming Caltharus.jpg|300px]] |
|||
|caption = Lambertus the Great marching through Lambertupol after defeating the rebellion. |
|||
|date = Conflict involving Staynes began and ended in 1515, but was a result of earlier implications. |
|||
|place = [[Staynes]], [[Caltharus]] |
|||
|territory = |
|||
|result = [[Staynes|Staynish victory]] |
|||
* Unification of [[Staynes]] and [[Caltharus]] to form the United Kingdom of Staynes and Caltharus (later United Kingdom of Morstaybishlia) |
|||
* Coronation of [[Lambertus III]] as King |
|||
* Deaths of many significant Caltharusian figures |
|||
| combatants_header = Participants |
|||
|combatant1 = [[File:Staynes flag.png|20px]] [[Staynes]] <br/> [[File:Caltharus flag 4.8.png|20px]] Caltharusian loyalists |
|||
|combatant2 = [[File:Republic of Caltharus (1513-1515).png|20px]] [[Caltharus|Republic of Caltharus]] |
|||
|commander1 = [[File:Staynes flag.png|20px]] Lambertus III <br /> [[File:Caltharus flag 4.8.png|20px]] Berbatov Haligan {{KIA}} |
|||
|commander2 = [[File:Republic of Caltharus (1513-1515).png|20px]] Gretargius Ballistra {{KIA}} <br /> [[File:Republic of Caltharus (1513-1515).png|20px]] Crow Jusa {{KIA}} |
|||
|strength1 = [[File:Staynes flag.png|20px]] ~40,000 <br /> [[File:Caltharus flag 4.8.png|20px]] ~28,000 |
|||
|strength2 = [[File:Republic of Caltharus (1513-1515).png|20px]] ~59,000 |
|||
|casualties1 = [[File:Staynes flag.png|20px]] ~11,000 <br /> [[File:Caltharus flag 4.8.png|20px]] ~13,000 |
|||
|casualties2 = [[File:Republic of Caltharus (1513-1515).png|20px]] ~25,800 |
|||
|campaignbox= |
|||
}} |
|||
The Caltharus Throne War was the war which saw the United Kingdom of Staynes and Caltharus come into being after the surrender of the Republic of Caltharus to the Kingdom of Staynes and the Bishlan kingdoms of Dovia, Calthia and Laulia which made up the monarchist faction of Caltharus, as well the resurrection of the Caltharusian throne, which was incorporated with the Staynish to form the Morstaybishlian throne on the 29th of December 1515. |
|||
In March 1513, the Kingdom of Caltharus was overthrown by a military coup which established the Republic of Caltharus. Haligar II, the King of Caltharus and father of Princess Katerina was executed. Princess Katerina was married to [[Lambertus III]] and was the second in line to the Caltharusian throne but was exiled to Staynes as the risk of capture and execution was too great. She lost contact with her younger siblings and cousins and they were presumed dead. The Republic caused conflict and fractured the nation into two factions. The Republic and loyalists to the King and Kingdom. Katerina returned to Caltharus to lead the war between the Republic and Kingdom loyalists but the loyalists continued to loose ground until they were confined to north-west and west Caltharus. |
|||
In November 1514, Chancellor of the Republic, Gretargius Ballistra, had his prisoners of war and two of Katerina's six siblings executed. Katerina discovered the news later the same month and convinced Staynes to intervene. It was not only a personal loss to Katerina as they were distantly related by previous marriage to Lambertus III. After their execution, the Republic was unable to make friendship with either the Ethalrian's or the Molgov Dynasty despite previous talks. |
|||
From the 12th of January 1515 to the 29th of December the same year, Lambertus III led Staynes and the Caltharusian loyalists into battle against the new Republic of Caltharus for control over the rights to rule. The conflict lasted through many strategically implemented episodes during 1515, however there was fighting between Caltharusian loyalists and the Republic before and after this period between the belligerents. |
|||
With the initial execution of Halligar II's two children and another one child, Lambertus amassed an army of 140,000 Staynish and 240,000 Caltharusian loyalist soldiers that stormed the major cities until Lambertupol, pushing the Republic's forces back where they held their ground for two months days until the 29th of December when they fell. |
|||
Their victory in Lambertupol concluded the end of the war. The monarchy was re-established and Lambertus III was crowned King of the United Kingdom of Staynes and Caltharus, later the Kingdom of Morstaybishlia, on the 29th December. The remaining four siblings and cousins of Katerina who had fled to the both the Ethalrian Empire and Molgov Dynasty returned from exile. A feast on the 11th January began in Lambertupol to mark the victories. This day is celebrated annually around the world as Unity Day. |
|||
After the republic was defeated and control fell into Staynish hands, New Calth became the first major colony of the new Morstaybishlian Empire. |
|||
Lambertus did not return back to Bursil until 1519, establishing order and peace in Caltharus. He faced some challenges from both the Ethalrian Empire and the Molgov Dynasty, both looking to expand their territory. He defended the border for a year and a half until a mutual agreement was held. The conflict led to heavy bloodshed on both sides. It remains the most gruesome conflict in pre-modern Auroran history. |
|||
====During the Constantine period (1515-1663)==== |
|||
=====Western Auroran Crusades===== |
|||
''Main article: [[Western Auroran Crusades]]'' |
|||
Between the years 1519 and early 1522, [[Lambertus IV]] was apart of an expedition to find more gold for the young Morstaybishlian Empire. He had discovered the largest-yet deposit of natural gold ore in [[Aurora]] during June 1522 and sent his older brother and then king [[Slev III]] an official report which enclosed information regarding both the geopolitical position and the status of the gold. Slev set out to take control of the supply lanes of the gold from the [[Axdel#Kormistazic Empire|Kormistazic Empire]] and within a week had amassed an army of 3,000 men, 250 horses and battery equipment. The army left on the morning of the 25th of October 1522. They camped at many locations during their trek towards Fort Montekaan but the most prominent was in the small village of Harrow. A merchant from Soltan called Kaledus saw the army and reported the impending attack to Delphus Faithful the day before the battle took place, which gave them enough time to rally troops and plan an ambush. |
|||
Slev and his forces reached the fortress in the early hours of the summer solstice (21st December). He divided his forces into two fronts; the assault and support. The trebuchets acting as the support was ambushed soon into the battle. The fortress had two portcullis' where the ambush captured Slev and his soldiers inside. Reportedly, Delphus Faithful had all but one prisoner, excluding Slev, shot, and had the king later beheaded. |
|||
News reached [[Lambertus IV]] on the 5th of January, in which he immediately ascended the throne. He was officially crowned King of the Morstaybishlian Empire on the 6th of April at Syllester Abbey, Redrugus. During the next few months, Lambertus and his council thought of ways to take control of Fort Montekaan. During early September, Lambertus sent his cousin Amet to important cities and towns in Caltharus to amass a large army for the upcoming war. Amet returned to Fort Redrugus a month and a half later with a strength of 70,000 men with a promise of another fifty to seventy thousand in the next five to ten years. |
|||
It was during late 1523 that Lambertus suffered betrayal from two members of his privy. He did not know of this, and this betrayal actually lent an advantage during the next battle of Fort Montekaan. Lambertus ordered the immediate forced conscription of 45,000 young Morstaybishlian men into the already 40,000 strong army. |
|||
Lambertus IV led the second Battle of Fort Montekaan on the 2nd of January 1524. The forces did not travel in the lowland valleys in the Zycannes and instead travelled directly through them. This led to the deaths of several hundred soldiers and half a dozen horses. 24,500 soldiers camped at the base of the Zycannes for an hour before attacking the fort in the early hours of the morning. The walls were breached around 5AM, the same time the soldiers attacked the fort. It is known that Lambertus IV had a duel and won against Honoluras Faithful once the battle was won. |
|||
On the first day of February the same year, Morstaybishlia amassed a sizable fleet in Redrugus and set off for Andel. A lengthy siege ensued. |
|||
(wip) |
|||
[[Redrugus V]] annexed the [[Axdel#History|Kormistazic Empire]] as a Principality during the [[Western Auroran Crusades]], which lasted 52 years, from 1523 to 1575. |
|||
=====Early Colonialism===== |
|||
''Main article: [[Morstaybishlian Empire]]'' |
|||
[[Image:Golden owl painting.jpg|left|thumb|150px|Painting of the last Golden-tipped owl, named "Lucy". c.1974]] |
|||
[[File:Early Auroran Settlement of Arcturia.png|right|thumb|250px|Auroran settlement in east Arcturia between 1001 and 1515]] |
|||
Morstaybishlian colonialism began as early as the 11th century with Caltharusian territories in [[Arcturia]]. Arcturia saw a surge of Staynish and Caltharusian early settlements in eastern Arcturia from 1001 to 1515; these trading outposts were generally not unified into one territory until the Morstaybishlian Empire formed after the Union of the Thrones and trading outposts were led by Viceroys. |
|||
Staynes led an expedition in 1444 and found the [[Necraties Islands|Necraties]] and [[Frorkstolm]] under Admiral Wince Ledkeat. The islands were not inhabited by any sentient species and became a pivot point for Staynish naval projection and trade prowess. Perdaé, the Necraties' capital, began life as a port town until the late 16th century, where [[Lambertus V]] designated its port to be shared for naval affairs. It was first used for this purpose when it rallied galleons in 1604 to invade Justelvard. |
|||
Many species endemic to the Necratie Isles were pushed to extinction from the arrival of people and pests. [[wikipedia:Stilt-owl|Gold-tipped owls]] were a species of owl that was hunted for their feathers and rendered extinct in the wild in the latter of the 18th century. Despite persistent attempts to re-introduce the captive populations into the wild, the species was declared fully extinct in 1974. |
|||
The Necraties, Frorkstolm, the [[Morstaybishlian West Pacific Territories]] and in particular the Arcturian Territories saw a spur of piracy in the mid to late 16th to mid 19th centuries. Rebels and pirates saw these trading outposts and islands as perfect hiding places in the war against piracy, as well as perfect areas to manoeuvre the pirating business to its greatest heights between 1660 and 1730. Pirates were a common pest in the several bodies of water until the [[Imperial Navy]] killed the last of seven Pirate Captain in the Battle of Valna Bay in 1821. Continuous efforts by the navies of the southern Yasterian and north Auroran nations saw to the eventual demise of pirates in and around the [[Morstaybishlian Sea]]. |
|||
=====Morsto-Justelvardic War===== |
|||
The earliest record of Justelvard in Morstaybishlian history was a written document signed by Lambertus V on the 10th of January 1602, agreeing to install the necessary components for a full scale invasion and planned annexation of Justelvard and Kistelvard, which made up the Strathepole archipelago; and to greatly enlarge the size of the standing Morstaybishlian Army to defend the ever-expanding Auroran empire. In the latter of the same month, a letter left Fort Staynes on horseback and arrived in Fort Jubrayn on the 5th of February to Francesci Morston, the then current Military Overseer. It demanded the production of one hundred ships-of-the-line and a million trained soldiers in two years. |
|||
[[File:Mount Surrot 2020.jpg|left|thumb|200px|Mount Surraine with the village of Buraine over the ruins of the historical fortress town.]] |
|||
In January 1603, Lambertus V received an imperative tactical map from a Jussie called Dorghold. The drawing showed relevant information such as towns, docks, ships and more. The meeting concluded with the promise to allow Dorghold some undisclosed form of power of his homeland after the war. |
|||
[[File:Three_Sisters_companion_planting_technique.jpg|left|thumb|250px|The [[Wikipedia:Three Sisters (agriculture)|Three Sisters]] agricultural technique where maize, climbing beans, and winter squash are planted together.]] |
|||
Some time in 1603, Francesci Morston was either murdered or committed suicide. He was replaced with Ledwin Dinged, who managed to complete the 100 ships of the line but not the million soldiers. The invasion was led by Admiral Pennisine, thought to be one of the best Admirals in Morstaybishlian history. They set sail from Fort Jubrayn on the 19th of September 1603, arriving at Perdaé in the Necraties three days later. They used Fallace Bay as a halfway point and did not set sail until the 1st of January 1604. They arrived at Justel's Brow in Justelvard one day later. During bombardment of the Justelvardic defence, Dorghold assassinated the leader Nordin and the Justelvardic forces were split between Nordin's followers and Dorghold's followers. It began a 2v1 battle that was quickly decided. A group of Nordin's followers retreated into the country to Mount Surraine, where they rallied with another powerful Justelvardic man called Surrot. |
|||
Evidence for agriculture emerged in Aurora around 8000 BCE in what is now the eastern bank of [[Morsa Lake]], and spread through Northern Aurora to what is today the western coast of Staynes and the [[Aberbish]] in eastern Kaltariezh. [[Wikipedia:Vicia ervilia|Vicia ervilia]] was domesticated into ervil around 7000 BCE on the banks of the Aberbish, along with some [[Wikipedia:List of root vegetables|root vegetables]]. The [[Wikipedia:Bos primigenius|Auroran auroch]] were domesticated into [[Wikipedia:Cattle|cattle]] in the areas of modern Morstaybishlia around the same time. The [[Wikipedia:Three Sisters (agriculture)|Three Sisters]] cultivation of [[Wikipedia:Cucurbita|squash]], [[Wikipedia:Bean|beans]] and [[Wikipedia:Maize|maize]] were discovered in the Kuthern River Valley from 5000 BCE, replacing the older cultivation of several plants. |
|||
The start of of the early [[Wikipedia:Bronze Age|Auroran Bronze Age]], from c. 4000 BCE, saw the rise of ancient Toransla, the first agricultural-based civilisation in Morstaybishlia. By the turn of the 3rd millennium BCE other civilisations had spawned, such as Kutha and Morsa in west Staynes and west Kaltariezh respectively. These cava civilisations thrived for a thousand years, growing in size as evidenced by the rapid increase of [[Wikipedia:Methane emissions|methane emissions]] from cattle. They developed [[Wikipedia:Metallurgy|metallurgy]] techniques, developed their own scripts and kept historical records, including the mention of trade with other early settlements which archaeology have yet to find. The prevalence of [[Usprian languages|Proto-Usprian]] across northern Aurora, and matching jewellery styles discovered in the Morsa civilisation and in [[Dewnania#Pre-Great Vanishing civilisation|ancient Dewnan]] indicate that these civilisations traded with the wider ancient Usprian world. [[File:Eljuedh_bust.png|right|thumb|225px|Terracotta bust of King Eljuedh in the Synta Berlewan Cultural History Museum, taken from his burial chamber in Synt Jowan.]] |
|||
The Morstaybishlian troops followed the Jussies to Mount Surraine and laid siege to the town. Morstaybishlian forces won and Surrot was executed. In the next year, proceedings to bring Justelvard and Kistelvard into the Empire was underway, and it was formally incorporated as the first Overseas Colony of the Empire. Dorghold became a familiar icon in Justelvardic history, with many statues of him being erected. An island chain between Justelvard and Peregrinia was named after him, but his legacy is also frowned upon by Jussies who believe in independence. |
|||
The [[Great Vanishing]] around the beginning of the 2nd millennium BCE led to a [[Wikipedia:Population bottleneck|population bottleneck]] and civilisational collapse across Aurora, including ancient Toransla, the Kutha and the Morsa civilisations. The cava populations did not recover to significant levels for hundreds of years in Morstaybishlia and the wider continent. The Proto-Usprian language diverged in the successive millennia because of geographic and economic isolation. Elves began migrating from eastern Aurora in the later half of the 2nd millennium, co-existing with cava. |
|||
=====Battle for Luxaria===== |
|||
[[File:Lambertus V's castle defending Dogrugan.jpg|right|thumb|225px|Lambertus Castle, Dogrugan]] |
|||
After success in Justelvard, [[Lambertus V]] asserted himself as a more confident leader among his privy council. He set his sights westwards to [[Arcturia]], an already known and landed continent by both Staynes and Caltharus as well as other kingdoms [[Kormistazm]] and [[Ethalria (Grand Matriarchy)|Ethalria]]. After finding out the Ethalrian Empire had united a nearly 200 kilometer coastal colony a decade prior and with a flair to compete, he sent a ship to send a letter to the Viceroys of each trade outpost for the provisions to form a unified colony southwards of New Calth, but the ship never returned. He later found out the Ethalrian soldiers had seized the ships and executed the soldiers. Frustrated by this, he amassed a fleet of warships and sent them to defeat the Ethalrian Armada. The fleet came back victorious, but the Ethalrian Empire sent their own fleet and reclaimed the small Gronmund Port. |
|||
The discovery of King Eljuedh’s burial chamber in Synt Jowan mapped out the previously scarcely-known [[Dewnania#Bishec civilisation|Bishec States]] to historians. It was the first post-Great Vanishing civilisation within Morstaybishlia, a dominion of elf and cava that straddled the northern coast of the Aberbish over twelve city states. The Bishec Tablet noted Eljuedh was elected in the 4th century BCE as their ‘king of kings’ and was a reclaimer of lost territory, suggesting the Bishec States had an understanding of civilisation before the Great Vanishing. The Bishec States played an important role in forming the foundations of what would become the Kaltariz and Terghyntow civilisations. [[Gadelthene]], formed in the 21st century BCE in ancient Ethalria, was the primary religion in the Bishec States and across much of northern Aurora. The king was buried with ornamental vases depicting Gadelthenian symbology. Scrolls uncovered in the Bockyas Caves near Draouenngwenstrobinellourkastel dated to the 2nd century CE detail Gadelthene mathematics, cartography and astrological understanding, referencing several Gadelthene sects, including one in the ‘’Kultouar’’ civilisation. |
|||
In 1615, Lambertus V ordered a larger fleet of nearly thirty warships to invade the Ethalrian port town. A brutal bloodbath ensued, with the crippled Morst fleet victorious. After receiving a letter from King Lothair I of Ethalria, the two Empires devised a treaty to divide the land according to the Lothair Line; north of which would be controlled by Ethalria and south of which would be controlled by Morstaybishlia, despite who was already living there. The nations agreed, and Luxaria became the second colony on Arcturia. |
|||
[[File:Queen_Impelanza_III_bust.jpg|left|thumb|250px|A bust of Queen Impelanta III in the Fort Staynes History Museum. Impelanta III is the most important symbolic figure of [[Tunseism]], which was introduced to Aurora over two thousand years ago.]] |
|||
A castle was erected in Gronmund Port, Teriloe Port and Dogrugan Port to defend against any future attacks. Lambertus Castle in Dogrugan Port is the sole survivor to this day, the others falling into disarray and ruin. |
|||
The [[Peragen#Impelanza|Impelanzan Empire]] explored and settled on the shores of northwest Staynes in the 1st century BCE to mine for metals, most notably tin, forming Estenes de la Aurora, (literally ‘’Tinlands of the Sunrise’’ in [[Impelanzan]]). They brought with them [[Tunseism]] and the first human settler population to western Aurora. At this time, isolated Malterva cultures speaking descendent languages of Proto-Usprian established their own civilisations: Dumnowes developed in northwest Staynes, Toransla developed in west Valeria and Rombarow developed in the Staynish interior. In 512, the VEI 8 [[Toré eruption]] destroyed Impelanza and plunged the world into global volcanic winter. Following a year of famine and hardship, the Staynish Revolution in 513 overthrew the Impelanzan colonial elite and installed Alzar I as the first King of the Staynish (a demonym in [[Wikipedia:Old English|Old Staynish]] derived from Estenes). The [[Thaerism|Thaerist]] sect of Tunseism worked with Alzar in supporting one another to power. Alzar converted to Thaerism, the religion of all successive Staynish and Morstaybishlian kings and queens to date. In the successive centuries, Staynes warred against surrounding kingdoms for land, including against the Kingdom of Toransla, which they nearly completely assimilated by the 9th century; and the Kingdom of Rombar, which they assimilated after the siege of Sannedh Bursil in the 10th century. The Toranslic language survived until the 15th century in isolated communities in the Zycannes. |
|||
The Bishec States expanded and contracted several times in the first millennia CE, eventually absorbing the Kultouar civilisation. A period of unification in the 11th century formed modern Kaltariezh. Even as far east as Ar Kabdubec, the cava and elvish populations were outcompeted by human descendents of Estenes. Humans came to dominate much of north Aurora, in part from having a high birth rate and also from [[Wikipedia:Feudalism|feudal practices]]. The ancient cavan Hendra family, the last non-human dynasty of Kaltariezh, died out in the mid 13th century. [[File:Lambertus and Azenor 1505.png|right|thumb|250px|Lambertus III and Azenor II in 1505. Painting by Fulup Sallow, c.1829.]] |
|||
In later years following the [[Auroran Imperial War]], the native population of Luxaria was granted independence during planned decolonialism which would go on to become [[Lokania]]. The area that retained its integrity within the Empire would be called [[Louzaria]]. |
|||
The Staynish-Kaltariz War in the mid 14th century fixed the border of the two nations at the Caldu River, whereas before there were encampments by the Kaltariz on the Staynish side and vice versa. The Kaltariz began overseas trading expeditions in the 14th century, establishing trading towns Jusdelva and in southeastern Arcturia. By the 15th century it had formed the Kaltariz Empire, making a more permanent settlement in southern Jusdelva and annexing the Inizi Reterdelien, the Necraties and Eskomia. The Staynish followed this trend of maritime exploration and established their own settlements in eastern Arcturia in the mid 15th century, and defeated the Kaltariz encampments on both Necraties and Eskomia, claiming it as their own. The Staynish thus formed their own empire, that before the Union of the Thrones had actually established its first colonies: Rodenia and Lokania, though by comparison to today's borders, these colonies were about five times smaller. In 1482, Lambertus III of Staynes ended eighty years of the Dergart dynasty and claimed the throne. The death of the cava King Crago V marked the last time a non-human dynasty would rule over the Staynish. At 39 years old and having lost three wives to childbirth (and their children), King Lambertus III of Staynes married a contestant of the Kaltariz throne during its civil war in 1501; Azenor Cadoret. Joining forces against Azenor’s uncle Kirus Cadoret, Lambertus slew him in single combat at the Battle of Rouekador in 1505. The Staynish and Kaltariz thrones were politically unified in 1515, forming Morstaybishlia. |
|||
=====Taking over Kormistazic Arcturia===== |
|||
===Western Auroran Crusades=== |
|||
During the [[Western Auroran Crusades]], the [[Kormistazm|Kormistazic Empire]] fled to its colonies rather than surrendering as a last resort against the Morstaybishlian Empire. The Morstaybishlian Empire, led by [[Redrugus V|King Redrugus V]] eventually conquered the Kormistazic strongholds in [[Arcturia]] and claimed the Kormistazic ports as their own. From the late 1500s to the early 1600s Morstaybishlia established seven other trade outposts to bolster its oversea’s economy. |
|||
===Taking over Kormistazic Arcturia=== |
|||
In 1628 Morstaybishlia began a campaign to push further into Arcturia to unite the port towns and claim more land for agriculture. The Vivanish resisted the expansion of the Morstaybishlian settlement which began the First Morsto-Vivanan War. After one year the Vivanish people retreated further inland to the Delcanian mountains. Florence I signed the Finalem Charter which saw Morstaybishlia’s first unified territories as Vivania in 1631. |
|||
===Colonising the South Concordian Ocean=== |
|||
{{multiple image |
{{multiple image |
||
| align = right |
| align = right |
||
Line 251: | Line 164: | ||
| footer_align = left |
| footer_align = left |
||
}} |
}} |
||
After successfully beating the [[Ethalria|Ethalrian Empire]] over Gronmund Port, Morstaybishlian influence would begin to soar over the lands which made up |
After successfully beating the [[Ethalria (Grand Matriarchy)|Ethalrian Empire]] over Gronmund Port, Morstaybishlian influence would begin to soar over the lands which made up [[Lythuscia]]. Within less than five years, due to a strong embargo on the Kingdom of Albon, their influence waned, and eventually it was assimilated into the Morstaybishlian Empire. |
||
Upon the ascension of [[Florence I]], the oppressed peoples of [[South Peragen]] began to prefer the idea of Morstaybishlian intervention in the Concordian Ocean, which would upset the powerful influence the Commonwealth held on the nation. With more trading aligned to the Morstaybishlian Empire, South Peragen became a wealthier trade hub; and in 1629 the aristocracies of South Peragen started a revolt against the Commonwealth, which was supported by the Erranzan separatists and the Morstaybishlians. A three year war passed, after which South Peragen won and gained independence in 1632, and with Commonwealth forces retracted, the Empire sought to expand their influence into the prosperous South Concordian Ocean. |
Upon the ascension of [[Florence I]], the oppressed peoples of [[South Peragen]] began to prefer the idea of Morstaybishlian intervention in the Concordian Ocean, which would upset the powerful influence the Commonwealth held on the nation. With more trading aligned to the Morstaybishlian Empire, South Peragen became a wealthier trade hub; and in 1629 the aristocracies of South Peragen started a revolt against the Commonwealth, which was supported by the Erranzan separatists and the Morstaybishlians. A three year war passed, after which South Peragen won and gained independence in 1632, and with Commonwealth forces retracted, the Empire sought to expand their influence into the prosperous South Concordian Ocean. |
||
Line 259: | Line 172: | ||
Morstaybishlia send aid, setting out a clear set of objectives to conquer its first territory in the South Concordian Ocean, and the Shonerian leaders accepted Morstaybishlian occupation. Commonwealth forces had been stretched thin because of the repression in its empire, reached and were victorious over the current occupation. Morstaybishlia retaliated by sending a blockade to the capital Privétia. Morstaybishlia rallied the support of South Peragen and more of their own forces for a full scale invasion of New Leganés, but the Commonwealth occupation of Shoneria retreated to defend their homeland, effectively leaving Shoneria to Morstaybishlia. The Commonwealth had a narrow victory against the coalition of Morstaybishlia and South Peragen, but the Commonwealth had suffered a long siege and suffered extensive damage. Six years of wars over the seas and the Commonwealth ensued, and fearing losing their autonomy, Queen Cristalina IV began negotiations with their enemies and in 1641 the Treaty of Arsal was signed and ratified by the three independent nations. The treaty saw Morstaybishlia take control of the already occupied Shoneria and also control over Oblivion Islands, as well as the Commonwealth dissolved so that the queen would retain power in the New Leganés and retain great trade and a presence of exploitation within the South Concordian Ocean. Morstaybishlia henceforth had huge economic control over the nations of New Leganés and South Peragen which lasted for over 276 years. |
Morstaybishlia send aid, setting out a clear set of objectives to conquer its first territory in the South Concordian Ocean, and the Shonerian leaders accepted Morstaybishlian occupation. Commonwealth forces had been stretched thin because of the repression in its empire, reached and were victorious over the current occupation. Morstaybishlia retaliated by sending a blockade to the capital Privétia. Morstaybishlia rallied the support of South Peragen and more of their own forces for a full scale invasion of New Leganés, but the Commonwealth occupation of Shoneria retreated to defend their homeland, effectively leaving Shoneria to Morstaybishlia. The Commonwealth had a narrow victory against the coalition of Morstaybishlia and South Peragen, but the Commonwealth had suffered a long siege and suffered extensive damage. Six years of wars over the seas and the Commonwealth ensued, and fearing losing their autonomy, Queen Cristalina IV began negotiations with their enemies and in 1641 the Treaty of Arsal was signed and ratified by the three independent nations. The treaty saw Morstaybishlia take control of the already occupied Shoneria and also control over Oblivion Islands, as well as the Commonwealth dissolved so that the queen would retain power in the New Leganés and retain great trade and a presence of exploitation within the South Concordian Ocean. Morstaybishlia henceforth had huge economic control over the nations of New Leganés and South Peragen which lasted for over 276 years. |
||
===Keaneward and Visteue period (1663-1803)=== |
|||
=====Ambitions past the Pacific Ocean===== |
|||
With action dwindling in the South Concordian Ocean and a decisive victory looming over the Commonwealth, the Morstaybishlian Empire set its eyes eastwards to the Pacific Ocean and beyond. It set out three vessels in 1639 to find new land and economic opportunities. They landed on an island named [[Rosamund Island|Draegia]]. Over a year later, one ship returned. Morstaybishlia would seek out more lands in this direction and send more vessels to the unknown east, where they landed and were greeted by natives. The explorer Marten Vhengar interpreted the native’s name for their land as “[[Lunaria|Vanoru]]”. |
|||
====Caven Wars==== |
|||
(wip) |
|||
[[File:Place de la Victoire, Paris 13 August 2016 001.jpg|right|thumb|250px|The Place of Victory; built to celebrate Morstaybishlian victory.]] |
|||
====Keaneward and Visteue period (1663-1803)==== |
|||
=====Six Years' War===== |
|||
=====Caven Wars===== |
|||
[[File:Credita in the 1500s.jpg|right|thumb|250px|A painting of MBS Queen Aprille in Credita docks circa 1698]] |
|||
In the year 1688, Captain Kerden discovered an island in the Packilvanian Ocean and established a settlement a year later called Queensport. For another five years the Morstaybishlian Empire would build up their settlements with the prospects to use it as a military naval port and trading hub to Yasteria. Communications to the island abruptly ceased to which a vessel was sent and discovered that the Caven Empire had set up their own port on the other side of the island and had fought and won the Staynish port. |
In the year 1688, Captain Kerden discovered an island in the Packilvanian Ocean and established a settlement a year later called Queensport. For another five years the Morstaybishlian Empire would build up their settlements with the prospects to use it as a military naval port and trading hub to Yasteria. Communications to the island abruptly ceased to which a vessel was sent and discovered that the Caven Empire had set up their own port on the other side of the island and had fought and won the Staynish port. |
||
Now Commodore, Kerden was sent to claim back the small prospective trading hub and did so in a short-lived Battle of Queensport. A Caven ship survived and sent the news back to the Caven Empire after which there was no obvious retaliation. |
Now Commodore, Kerden was sent to claim back the small prospective trading hub and did so in a short-lived Battle of Queensport. A Caven ship survived and sent the news back to the Caven Empire after which there was no obvious retaliation. |
||
Over the next four years, merchant ships leaving |
Over the next four years, merchant ships leaving Rouanezkador and other ports in north Kaltariezh and Staynes were going missing and businesses in these ports were closing down from a loss of income. It was explored by the Morstaybishlian navy but there was no explanation until by chance MBS Queen Aprille was mistaken as a merchant vessel and attacked by a Caven warship but survived. Morstaybishlia later declared war on the Caven Empire. |
||
In secret, Commodore Kerden was sent to Perigrinia, the rival of Caven in the north to formulate a plan to destabilise the Caven Empire as to both Morstaybishlia and Perigrinia’s gain. Perigrinia would fund Morstaybishlian armament and naval ship production for Morstaybishlia’s full scale invasion into Cavens’ south province of Wachovia, starting the Caven Wars. |
In secret, Commodore Kerden was sent to Perigrinia, the rival of Caven in the north to formulate a plan to destabilise the Caven Empire as to both Morstaybishlia and Perigrinia’s gain. Perigrinia would fund Morstaybishlian armament and naval ship production for Morstaybishlia’s full scale invasion into Cavens’ south province of Wachovia, starting the Caven Wars. |
||
Morstaybishlia had a strong starting advance in the war, pushing the Caven forces far back. Morstaybishlia would strategically siege Caven port towns of Truzcon, Merna and Libertyburg and cut off trading routes into the Caven Sea from the north. It held a strong advance into Caven and Verlot for about two years, pushing past the Izumi mountains, but fearing encirclement they were pushed back over the mountains to the Wachovia borders where the two forces reached a stalemate. There would be some victories on either side, but after six years in 1704 the Caven Empire surrendered its occupied lands to the Morstaybishlian Empire to end the war. With a suffering economy and a large famine, Peregrinia, who had remained neutral during the conflict, upheld its side of the agreement and began humanitarian aid, promising the people of Caven better fortunes. After fifteen years, Peregrinia had managed to integrate the Caven provinces of Dominionland, Termino, Trioni and Verlot. |
Morstaybishlia had a strong starting advance in the war, pushing the Caven forces far back. Morstaybishlia would strategically siege Caven port towns of Truzcon, Merna and Libertyburg and cut off trading routes into the Caven Sea from the north. It held a strong advance into Caven and Verlot for about two years, pushing past the Izumi mountains, but fearing encirclement they were pushed back over the mountains to the Wachovia borders where the two forces reached a stalemate. There would be some victories on either side, but after six years in 1704 the Caven Empire surrendered its occupied lands to the Morstaybishlian Empire to end the war. With a suffering economy and a large famine, Peregrinia, who had remained neutral during the conflict, upheld its side of the agreement and began humanitarian aid, promising the people of Caven better fortunes. After fifteen years, Peregrinia had managed to integrate the Caven provinces of Dominionland, Termino, Trioni and Verlot. |
||
=====Colonies in the Northern Hemisphere===== |
|||
===Late Modern (1803 - 21st century)=== |
===Late Modern (1803 - 21st century)=== |
||
====Slavery==== |
====Slavery==== |
||
Morstaybishlia played a leading part in the |
Morstaybishlia played a leading part in the Cerenerian and Concordian slave trade, mainly between 1673 and 1917 when Morstaybishlian or Morstaybishlian-colonial ships transported nearly 5 million slaves from Gondwana in a legal system of human [[Wikipedia:Chattel slavery|chattel enslavement]]. The slaves were taken to work on plantations in Morstaybishlian possessions, principally in [[Saint Matilda]], the [[Morstaybishlian Cerenerian Territories|Morstaybishlian Cerenerian]], [[Jusdelva]] and Morstaybishlian Arcturia, but also Aurora. The rapid expansion of the cotton and flax industries after the invention of the [[Wikipedia:Cotton gin|cotton gin]] and [[Wikipedia:Spinning wheel|spinning wheel]] greatly increased demand for slave labour. Slavery coupled with the Cerenerian sugar industry had a significant role in strengthening and developing the Morstaybishlian economy in the 18th century. Throughout the later 19th century movements called for the monarchy to install laws similar to other nations which began restricting and abolishing slavery, and giving slaves more rights, but this did not succeed. However, when the [[Folk's Hall]] was formed in 1917 following the handover of absolutism from the monarchy, it banned the slave trade and banned slavery in the Morstaybishlian Empire, freeing over 5 million slaves. |
||
Through reward programs, former slaves were encouraged back to their origin countries, though it largely fell through and former slaves instead settled in the colonies where they had been set to work in. Today, large portions of former slaves live in [[Lokania]], Jusdelva, throughout the Cerenerian and in Gondwana - which can be seen in the distribution of large minority ethnic groups in these colonies. |
|||
====Slave trade==== |
====Slave trade==== |
||
====Posolic Wars==== |
====Posolic Wars==== |
||
=====First war (1795-1810)===== |
|||
See also: ''[[Posolic Wars]]'' |
|||
====Height of the Morstaybishlian Empire (1826-1897)==== |
|||
Vakhudan seized power over Baykalia in the July 1795 Coup during the Era of Uncertainty and immediately set out in the nation's establishment on the world stage as the Baykalian Empire, a de facto military dictatorship with a strong bureaucracy and a well trained army. He quickly formed a coalition with the Ethalrian Empire, who was ruled by Queen Matilda IV and were bitter with the Morstaybishlian Empire for seizing the Marislian region over eighty years before. |
|||
[[File:Florence II and Husband.jpg|left|thumb|275px|[[Florence II|Queen Florence II]] (1794-1852) and her husband King Phillip V.]] |
|||
Ethalria had the Marislian lands and Caltharus as a whole set out to re-establish their naval supremacy on the world stage. Vakhudan wanted the Marislian lands, but with a powerful ally able to fend off Morstaybishlia, he allowed Ethalria free reign. In (month) of 1795, the first coalition came to fruition and the war began. |
|||
[[Florence II]] ascended the throne when her father died at the end of the First Posolic Wars. Her opponents believed that due to her tucked away and extravagant lifestyle she would be weak leading Morstaybishlia into the 19th century. The Second Posolic Wars confirmed her as the opposite; a titanic leader who glided Morstaybishlia back into its role as the world superpower. Her reign, the reign of her son [[Frederick III]] and her granddaughter [[Rosamund II]] marked the Golden Era where Morstaybishlia reach the zenith of its economic and political power. Exciting new technologies such as railways, photography, telegraphs and steam ships emerged, making the world far faster-paced. Morstaybishlia reinstated its mostly active role in Continental politics which had been challenged by Ethalria and Biramura in the years before. |
|||
[[File:George William Joy - The Bayswater Omnibus.jpg|right|thumb|275px|Kimbry Layton-Pickett's painting ''The River Carriage'', 1893, depicts middle-class social life in this Staynish late Golden Era scene.]] |
|||
Ethalria at this point still had a formidable fleet based in Kostörsdel, and immediately rallied it at Chita. Pooling in troops and resources from across the empire, including the Kormistazic principality; Morstaybishlia began mobilising troops to defend the Marislia lands. The Invasion of Marislia (1795-96) by the coalition saw them defeat Morstaybishlia at two big battles; the Battle of Fort Nocturnia and the Battle of Lambertupol; the final battle was fought by sea and land and forced Morstaybishlian forces back behind the Ider River. |
|||
There was peace and prosperity, as the national income per person grew by over half. Much of the prosperity was due to the increasing industrialization, especially in machinery and textiles, as well as to the worldwide network of engineering and trade which produced profits for Morstaybishlian merchants and experts from across the world. In the Morstaybishlian sphere there was peace abroad. |
|||
Despite these changes, Morstaybishlia lacked behind in its democratic index. It was still an absolute monarchy, and even though there was movements to change, an elected chamber in the [[Samming]] would not happen until 1917. However, the Privy Council of Staynes and Privy Council of Kaltariezh which were appointed by the Crown and served at the Crown's pleasure became more autonomous, including consolidating the two devolved administrations of Staynes and Kaltariezh into one, based at Kalmington Palace, Sani Bursil, and helmed by a Lord Rubian, equivalent of a [[High Elderthane of Great Morstaybishlia|high elderthane]] today. This became the [[Lord's Hall]] in 1520, and became the first major political unification. They drafted legislation in the name of the King, or Queen, at their pleasure, and the monarch was perfectly in their right to stop legislation from passing. In fact, this was common practice. The monarch remained untouchable and unaccountable to the Lord's Hall, and had a large sway among leading figures to bend them into submission. |
|||
Just after the Invasion of Marislia, Vakhudan's forces moved through the Ethalrian-occupied Marislia and around the Kalivian mountains, and began their push southwards towards the fractured Salovian territories, who at this time had formed a number of different nations and city states in the absence of a unifying presence, most notably the city states of Shagonar and Novosibirsk, and the Nelic States. |
|||
[[File:Women slaves with master on the left.jpg|right|thumb|500px|Female slaves at Cavalier Court, a hotel in Rosamundport for the wealthy. They would have performed all the jobs involved with keeping the place running, work which was daily, constant, sometimes difficult and often tedious. Enslaved servants often slept on pallets on the floors of bedrooms or hallways near where they laboured. Proximity to male slaveholders and their guests made enslaved women and girls particularly vulnerable to sexual predation. Their owner is on the far left, pictured 1889.]] |
|||
During the time in which the Kormistazic defence force was called upon to aid the Morstaybishlian war efforts, multiple secession movements took the opportunity to declare themselves independent from the empire. The most prominent and powerful were the Andel City State which declared itself independent in 1798, and the Jilkania Republic in the south east. |
|||
On a local level, a rapid rise of the middle class, in large part displacing the complete control long exercised by the aristocracy occurred. Respectability was their code, and businessmen had to be trusted and must avoid reckless gambling and heavy drinking. The [[Thaerism|Thaerist]] institution imposed fresh moralistic values on society, such as responsibility, widespread charity, discipline in the home, and self-examination for the smallest faults and needs of improvement. They focused on exciting a personal revulsion against social evils and personal misbehavior. Though across the world slavery was being abolished, the lack of free press saw most of Morstaybishlia oblivious to the country's huge trade, and so anti-slavery movements barely took off despite this moral shift. The press was still widely controlled by the aristocracy who gained from the slave trade, and all independent agitation and reporting of the horrific conditions of [[Wikipedia:Slavery#Chattel slavery|chattel slavery]] across the Empire was either bought out or quashed. |
|||
There was a spirit of libertarianism as people felt they were free. Taxes however were moderate, and government restrictions on media and other aspects of everyday life was in effect. There were other problem areas, such as occasional riots, especially those motivated by [[Wikipedia:Criticism of monarchy|anti-Monarchism]]. Society was still ruled by the aristocracy and the gentry, which controlled high government offices, the Lord's Hall, religious institutions, and the military. Becoming a rich businessman was not as prestigious as inheriting a title and owning a landed estate. |
|||
Seeing significant losses on the left and right of the empire within less than a year, the Morstaybishlian Empire called on forces from its colonies. The Viceroys from Luxaria and New Calth amassed all of their warships and sent them to Morstaybishlia. Combining with its fleets in Luxaria and New Calth, Morstaybishlia fought and won against an unprepared Ethalria for Lambertupol, establishing a foothold to the east of the Ider River for the first time since losing it. |
|||
The abstract theological or philosophical doctrine of agnosticism, whereby it is theoretically impossible to prove whether or not a higher being exists, suddenly became a popular issue in the 1860s, though Blasphemy laws meant that promoting atheism could be a crime and was vigorously prosecuted, which drove these freethinkers underground. Children were entitled to education for the first time, though this was limited to literacy as the population was highly illiterate. A 1840s estimate believed that over 90 percent of people could not read or write; but by the end of the 19th century illiteracy had fallen so dramatically that over 65 percent could read and write, which inspired a boom in reading culture and Morstaybishlian literature. A plethora of reading materials were to children. Publishers also took advantage of innovations such as those that enable the printing of coloured illustrations. As the middle class boomed, people had more money to spend on entertaining their children. Moral messaging was de-emphasised in favor of fun. |
|||
Ethalria leagued with the newly independent Andel City State and Jilkanian Republic, and began invading the Valerian lands of Morstaybishlia. The new city state blocked off the Morstaybishlians from entering the Valerian lands via the Kormistazic principality, forcing them through the mountain passes. Morstaybishlia was forced through the Zycannes’ narrow mountain passes, and to the knowledge of Ethalria, was fought back and beat them back beyond the Zycannes. Ethalria made enormous territorial gains after three long years of sieges to Morstaybishlian cities. |
|||
[[File:The sands, Ramsgate, Kent, England, ca. 1899.jpg|left|thumb|275px|Bellithon Beach in 1896.]] |
|||
In 1799, Ethalria beat Morstaybishlia at the Battle of Kirdintayos and began absorbing all of its surrounding lands and cities who surrendered. The South Ethalrian city states that today make up Asilica neighbouring this now colossal empire felt that their sovereignty was threatened. |
|||
Opportunities for leisure activities increased dramatically as real wages continued to grow and hours of work continued to decline. In urban areas the ten-hour workday became increasingly the norm; the Factory Act 1869 limited the working week to 60 hours, encouraging the movement towards an eventual nine-hour workday. Sundays became a day off for the working man, which opened up opportunity for some 1,000 seaside resorts emerging thanks to cheap hotels and inexpensive railway fares. |
|||
In this period, fertility rates remained high, leading to a population boom. Gradually, fertility rates fell as people became more affluent and had better access to contraception. By 1897, the infant mortality rate in Staynes was 10 percent, down from about half in the 15th century. There was no catastrophic epidemic or famine in Morstaybishlia in the nineteenth century, marking the first century in which a major epidemic did not occur throughout the whole country. In the olden days, people typically had had as many children as they could afford in order to ensure at least a few of them would survive to adulthood and have children of their own due to high child mortality rates. Moreover, it was the poor who had had an incentive to curb their fertility whereas the rich had lacked such a need due to greater wealth and lower child mortality rates. This changed due to the Industrial Revolution. Standards of living improved and mortality rates fell. People no longer needed to have as many children as before to ensure the propagation of their genes. The link between poverty and child mortality weakened. In addition, societal attitude towards contraception warmed, leading to the negative correlation between intelligence and fertility. |
|||
By April 1800, the South Ethalrian city states reached an agreement with Morstaybishlia. This treaty between the two nations would see Morstaybishlia recognise an independent and unified South Ethalria (later to be named Asilica) if they could use their lands to port and invade the Ethalrian occupied territories. As the Morstaybishlians were sailing past Valerica, their enemy who had leagued with the Ethalrians; they were ambushed by a fleet from its capital, and the ensuing battle was known as the Battle of Baecca Strait. Morstaybishlia suffered losses, but they were strong enough to repel them back and continue with their mission. Doing so gave a massive element of surprise to Morstaybishlia, and at the same time in the Zycannes, Morstaybishlia broke through via a previously undiscovered route. Having a huge force north and south by the latter months of 1800, the Morstaybishlian and South Ethalrian forces encircled and starved out the Ethalrians. |
|||
====Imperial affairs before the Great War==== |
|||
Meanwhile, Ethalria ignored their losses and by February 1801 began a huge coalition invasion with Baykalia for Caltharus. Their plan was to divide Caltharus between Baykalian and Ethalrian territories and so they pushed towards the coast but the Morstaybishlian forces emerged victorious in all of their battles except Lamburnum and Novenum. As part of a greater plan to invade and conquer Aeternum, the Ethalrian and Baykalian fleets amassed and sailed under the helm of Admiral Maria Valtruda from the port of Chita on 15 November 1801 to invade Aeternum but were met by [[Redmund V|Admiral Prince Redmund]], recently assembled to meet the threat in the Morstaybishlian Sea off the coast of Cape Mortagra. Admiral Valtruda was uncertain about engaging, and the Ethalro-Baykalian fleet failed to fully organize. In contrast, Redmund was decisive, organizing the Morstaybishlian fleet into two columns sailing straight into the enemy to pierce its wavering lines. |
|||
[[File:The Morstaybishlian Empire around the advent of the Great War, circa 1900-1904 (compressed version 2).png|left|thumb|400px|The Morstaybishlian Empire between 1897 and 1904. It is considered to be at its zenith at this time.]] |
|||
The reign of [[Thadeus I]] marked the final years of the Morstaybishlian global trading empire before the [[Great War]]. Morstaybishlia went through a phase of being relatively unchallenged at sea, particularly domestically where it dominated Auroran, Arcturian and Cerenerian waters. Alongide its formal colonial empire, Morstaybishlia's dominance over world trade meant that it effectively controlled the economies of many countries, such as Peragen, [[Ewenshire]] and [[Zreiru'a]]. |
|||
Morstaybishlian imperial strength was bolstered by the [[Wikipedia:Tepegraphy|telegraph]] in the mid 19th century, allowing greater control and defence of its empire. The Morstaybishlian Empire was linked together by a network of telegraph cables, called the Morst Code Network, which was inaugurated in October 1898. |
|||
In a fierce battle, 44 Morstaybishlian ships of the line fought 58 Ethalrian and Baykalian ships of the line. Although the lead ships of the Morstaybishlian columns were heavily battered, with Redmund’s flagship MBS ‘’Superior’’ nearly disabled, the greater experience and training of the Imperial Navy overcame the greater numbers of the Ethalrian and Baykalian navies. The Ethalro-Baykalian fleet lost 42 ships; the Morstaybishlians lost only two. The Battle of Mortagra was a decisive victory for the Morstaybishlians. The victory confirmed the naval supremacy Morstaybishlia had established during the course of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and it was achieved in part through Redmunds’ departure from the prevailing naval tactical orthodoxy of the day. |
|||
The battle saw Morstaybishlia take a more aggressive incentive as it now had naval supremacy in the Calthian sea. It won relatively minor battles over the cities of Novin and Fhoghelm which gave them a foothold east of the Zycannes. During this time, it had naval supremacy over Tivot, which was a part of Baykalia and blockaded the land. |
|||
Using this new foothold, Morstaybishlia found more success in reclaiming the cities of Lamburnum and Novenum in a series of battles between 1803 and 1805, the reclamation of the heavily defended cities would serve Morstaybishlia well, acting as a secure and larger base of operations to reclaim land further south. After reclaiming Waron, both sides laid off attacks in preparation for a Morstaybishlian invasion of Kingsfort; a strategic city, which reclaiming would prevent or greatly limit Ethalria from supplying its new coastal city possessions. |
|||
The war was relatively quiet between 1805 and 1808, with no official peace declaration and increasing armament of forces on strategic points of either side. Though it was relatively quiet in these three years, there were several battles and skirmishes that took place for possession of the Laulian Bay. Both sides began to stagnate, though Morstaybishlia made advances further southward with significant loss of life. |
|||
The Zycannes acted as a large natural barrier between the north and centre of Aurora, and was generally an expensive deterrent for forces to cross except in some places, including Redmund’s Passage and Rorikin’s Passage. For that reason, fearing loss in the war from a largely overwhelming force of Morstaybishlian forces that were amassing in the Calthia region; the Grand Matriarchy focused on moving a portion of its forces to seize the main passageway through the Zycannes which previously aided King Redmund II in his conquests of Valeria in the 13th century. Morstaybishlia had its own forces in southern Staynes but the Ethalrians overwhelmed them back past the Boe Hills in the Sperran Desert. The Morstaybishlians eventually sent forces through Redmund’s Passage and fortified their southern territories with a curtain of forces defending strategic ridges, valleys and other choke points that made the border with Ethalria. |
|||
With a stalemate that continued from 1808 to 1810 that overlooked several unimportant battles, and with a change of leadership in the Grand Matriarchy upon the death of Matilda IV in 1809, the belligerents met in Weyrcliff and signed the 1810 Peace Treaty. |
|||
Most trading expeditions to [[Concord]] and [[Yasteria|northwestern Yasteria]] bypassed the Tawusian Cape in favour of travelling through the quicker route in [[Arcturia|northern Arcturia]]. Trading vessels were left vulnerable to piracy at various chokepoints in the Ewenshire Strait and Optian Sea, and many returning galleons loaded with goods were raided by pirates operating off the coast. This was most prominent in the 17th through to the early 19th century because Morstaybishlia had no permanent settlements and had to sail Imperial Navy ships from [[Seligeze Islands|Queensport]] more than 1,800 miles away to defend them. Even with being allowed to dock in Ewenshire, the ports available were too small to allow anything more than one or two Imperial Navy ships in at a time. A formal arrangement was signed in 1856 where Morstaybishlia began leasing the relatively underdeveloped town of Farhide and its surrounding area, and immediately began constructing a permanent naval base to protect both country's trading interests. This was administered as a Morstaybishlian colony, and quickly turned into a vital naval hub for operating out of it dozens of warships at a time. With organised piracy adopting [[Wikipedia:Incendiary device|incendiary]] [[Wikipedia:Shell (projectile)|shells]] in the 1850s, Morstaybishlia trialled the world's first [[Wikipedia:Ironclad warship|ironclad warships]] in 1861 to combat piracy. This base was incorporated into the Morst Code Network in 1898, and coupled with Morstaybishlia's economic projection in the area has led several historians to quote Morstaybishlia's influence over Ewenshire as being apart of its [[Wikipedia:Informal empire|informal empire]]. |
|||
=====Second war (1814-1826)===== |
|||
[[File:Map of southwest Aurora in 1917 as the Korstazian War begins.png|right|thumb|300px|Political geography of the region at the signing of the Treaty of Bursil, 8 December 1917. Note that the borders of the withdrawing Ethalrian occupation, which covers most of modern [[Lyrevale|southern Lyrevale]] is not shown.]] |
|||
====Height of the Morstaybishlian Empire (1826-1897)==== |
|||
In [[Borea|western Borea]], Morstaybishlia assisted Elwin Arachne seize power of Zreiru'a in 1885, and by the turn of the century was being supplied most of its abundant natural resources in exchange for military aid to help assist Arachne in conquering the continent. Settlers flocked to [[Kurandia]] to capitalise on the resource boom, aiding the development of new urban spaces such as Corren Tree and Ander's Point. |
|||
==== |
====Aftermath of the Great War==== |
||
Despite the armistice, a formal state of war between the two sides persisted for another five months, until the signing of the Treaty of Ribenstadt on 8 December 1917. The treaty saw the official end of the war in Aurora. Whilst there was no official surrender, historians favour an Ethalrian and Salovian victory over Morstaybishlia in regards to the Auroran theatre of war because of the concessions that Morstaybishlia signed in the treaty. Ethalria receeded their forces north of the Bolvinian Plateau in exchange for annexing the historical provinces of Bro-Tewesac, Bro-Suode and Bro-Angwin in southern Kaltariezh. |
|||
[[File:Morstopackia wiki map.png|left|thumb|220px|Morstopackia (dark green) with Morstaybishlia's surrounding territories (light green)]] |
|||
[[File:Thadeus I & Zerah Demir IV on tour in Packilvania.jpg|right|thumb|220px|Rare picture of King Thadeus I of Morstaybishlia and Sultana Zerah Demir IV of Packilvania touring Hoopland around July 1917, a month before his death]] |
|||
The first Morstaybishlian election cycle and disagreements around the Axdelian peninsula delayed the signing of the treaty by three months. Ethalria demanded that it was their right to annex southern Axdel because they had de facto controlled swathes of it since 1911, and had even established the Republic of Korstazia as a puppet state ruled by the Axdelian-born General Sauwo Ñeya̋na. Orson Klarass refused this because an independent Axdel would likely align with Ethalria and make the already rescinding Morstaybishlian Empire far weaker on the continent. Later, Morstaybishlia would concede to a less severe offer. In exchange for returning Dragonia and the Indigo Isles to Ethalria, as well as granting the peninsula devolved autonomy, something that had never happened in Morstaybishlia; Ethalra agreed to withdraw their troops and support for the Republic of Korstazia. Without backing by Ethalria, Ñeya̋na’s government surrendered after a [[Korstazian War|four month continuation war]]. |
|||
In 1897, [[Thadeus I]] married [[Zerah Demir IV]], Sultana of the Caliphate. The two superpowers were united under marriage and for 20 years remained so, until the death of the Morstaybishlian King in 1917. Trade between the two superpowers rose to unimaginable heights. The legacy of which is still visible in trade between the two superpowers to this day, with Morsto-Caliphate trade being the strongest and largest trade between two sovereign states in the world. |
|||
The [[Samming]] passed the Act of Federation in February 1919 which saw the creation of the [[Lythuscia|Federated Colonies of Lythuscia]]. This was the first time that Morstaybishlia had [[Wikipedia:Federalisation|federated]] its colonies, and granted any colony [[Wikipedia:Home rule|home rule]]. Legislative power was held in Albaburg, whilst [[Wikipedia:Command (military formation)|military command]], diplomacy and foreign policy remained in Sani Bursil. |
|||
The two countries, having been married under political union for 18 years, decided that they would go through a legal process to form a permanent sovereign state with the alias "Morstopackia". The idea was taken quite radically in two fashions; some thousands of politicians and activists endorsed the idea whilst an equal number despised it. When the King of Morstaybishlia abruptly died of liver failure after the war in August 1917 it sparked an international crisis. At age 16 a young and inexperienced [[Thadeus II]], the future sole inheritor to Morstopackia, fought against his mother for control of the throne. His mother escaped Sani Bursil back to Bingöl and immediately terminated any such legal administrative actions which would have ultimately united the two countries and thus the Acts of Union, prepared and written for 1918 never became legitimate. |
|||
====Abolition of slavery==== |
|||
Throughout the war existed a movement for the establishment of democratic rule. It did not take off until after end of the Great War in July and the death of the King on the 1st of August. Both political wings formed the Parliamentarian forces and stormed the Royal Palace on the 17th of August demanding a signatory from the young King [[Thadeus II]] on the Great Charter of the Liberties to sign over his right to [[wikipedia:Absolute monarchy|absolutism]]. Agreeing to this, the Parliamentarians and the Crown agreed for the continuance of the monarchy [[wikipedia:Constitutional monarchy|constitutionally]]. The parliamentarians gave a [[wikipedia:Purdah (pre-election period)|purdah]] where constituencies were created and an election period began. On the 11th of October 1917, [[Orson Klarass]] led the [[MBE Conservatives|Conservative Party]] into the first Morstaybishlian Government. Slavery was abolished in 1917 with a near unanimous vote in the chamber, a reflection of how it the concept of slavery was disliked by the turn of the 20th century. |
|||
[[File:Oanese blackbirding circa 1918.jpg||right|thumb|250px|Blackbirding was illegal but was a popular alternative to the slave-trade in the Morstaybishlian colonies as late as the 1930s. <br>Pictured: Oan peoples with an overseer (background), on a sugar plantation in New Pondsfort, [[Morstaybishlian Cerenerian Territories|Morst Cereneria]], c. 1919.]] |
|||
With a fragile year in the royal family came a major political rift. Both the far reaches within the fatherland of Morstaybishlia and Packilvania saw large far-left groups emerge. The latter fell to a communist uprising in the years following with Queen Zerah Demir IV's assassination in 1936 and the far-left groups in Morstaybishlia would eventually be the precursor to Norogradian Independence. |
|||
====Aftermath of the Great War==== |
|||
[[File:HMS Gloucester (1909).jpg|left|thumb|225px|Morstaybishlian light-cruiser MBS ''Admiral Kutselm'' docked in Lights Bay Harbour, Bruzaka]] |
|||
As the world evolved in the 19th and 20th centuries, many democratic nations abolished slavery and pressured the Morstaybishlian and Packilvanian Empires to do so. Owing to its incredible size and power in the 19th century and its absolute monarchy which had large capital interests and investment in the slave trade, the Morstaybishlian Empire did not abolish slavery until in November 1917, two months after the end of the Great War and the dissolution of Morstopackia. The nation saw huge social, economic and political reforms in 1917 as it transitioned from an absolute monarchy to parliamentary republic under constitutional monarchy; and later 1910s and 1920s. |
As the world evolved in the 19th and 20th centuries, many democratic nations abolished slavery and pressured the Morstaybishlian and Packilvanian Empires to do so. Owing to its incredible size and power in the 19th century and its absolute monarchy which had large capital interests and investment in the slave trade, the Morstaybishlian Empire did not abolish slavery until in November 1917, two months after the end of the Great War and the dissolution of Morstopackia. The nation saw huge social, economic and political reforms in 1917 as it transitioned from an absolute monarchy to parliamentary republic under constitutional monarchy; and later 1910s and 1920s. |
||
[[File:Oanese blackbirding circa 1918.jpg||right|thumb|250px|Blackbirding was illegal but was a popular alternative to the slave-trade in the Morstaybishlian colonies as late as the 1930s. <br>Pictured: Oan peoples, with an overseer (background), on a sugar plantation, in New Pondsfort, [[Morstaybishlian West Pacific Territories|Morst West Pacific]], c. 1919.]] |
|||
The [[Folk's Hall]] passed the Slavery Abolition Act 1917 with 4/5ths voting in favour. The Act made the purchase and ownership of slaves in all of the Morstaybishlian Empire illegal and immediately freed over 5 million slaves. Slavery had been a point of social contention for nearly all of the 19th and early 20th century leading up to its abolition, with its abolition being a primary benefactor of their movement. By January of 1918, the Morstaybishlian Empire had de jure implemented the Act in its declining oversea territories, though de facto there was still an active slave trade in many territories. Following the thirteen years of warfare, the [[Imperial Navy]] was heavily damaged and initially struggled with enforcing the legislation. Many of the closer territories to continental Morstaybishlia, including New Kaltariezh, Morstaybishlian Arcturia (later [[Lythuscia]]) and Jusdelva followed suit with the mainland and who's people accepted the changes, but elsewhere it was different. [[File:HMS Gloucester (1909).jpg|left|thumb|255px|Morstaybishlian light-cruiser MBS ''Admiral Kutselm'' docked in Lights Bay Harbour, Bruzaka.]] |
|||
In the colonial and territorial administrations of Joralesia, Salisar, Morst Cereneria, Dalmaghar, Kurandia, and others recognised the Act and implemented it, but clandestine slave-trading and [[Wikipedia:Blackbirding|blackbirding]] still occurred as late as the mid 1930s. Though it was hit with the economic depression and major de-colonisation following the war, the Imperial Navy immediately established a presence off of the coasts of these territories where there were rumours, sightings, reports or evidence of ongoing slavery, as well as negotiating with countries neighbouring these colonies and territories for their rights to stop and search vessels believed to house slaves. The Imperial Navy dispatched three squadrons of four, five and eight [[Wikipedia:Town-class cruiser (1910)|light cruisers]] to the [[Cerenerian Ocean]], as well as the south and north [[Concordian Ocean]] respectively. With bases at Montecadre, what is now Penisine Garrisons in Balidar, and Bruzraka; the squadrons aided in the capture of over 2,100 slave ships, freeing over 205,000 people from slavery between 1917 and 1934. However, unfortunately this did not exactly reduce the number of deaths of slaves. Thousands lost their lives if the captain of a slave ship knew they were being approached by a squadron vessel. The captain would order for the slaves to be thrown overboard still shackled. Very few would make it to shore. |
|||
====Great Depression==== |
|||
====From secession to union==== |
|||
{{multiple image |
|||
| align = right |
|||
| direction = horizontal |
|||
| image1 = Greta Vardem colourised.jpg |
|||
| width1 = 130 |
|||
| alt1 = |
|||
| caption1 = |
|||
| image2 = King Galfridus.png |
|||
| width2 = 118 |
|||
| alt2 = |
|||
| footer = South Staynish President Greta Vardem in 1975 (left) and King Galfridus in 1977 (right) |
|||
| footer_align = left |
|||
}} |
|||
Years of tension between the central government and many local councils and authorities in Valeria led to a snap referendum on 6 June 1975 for independence at the end stages of the Auroran Imperial War. Questions of legitimacy all over the nation was raised because this was not a government sanctioned referendum, seeing a 54 percent vote to leave. Due to the ongoing war effort, a collapsing economy and independence elsewhere within the empire, the [[Ian Crowcasa|Crowcasa War Cabinet]] - a national coalition - broke apart, two years before a scheduled general election. |
|||
Greta Vardem declared herself President of an independent Valeria, and consolidated power via military divisions on the eastern offensive against Ethalria, who hadn't been rotated in over a year and were loyal to a South Staynish identity. South Staynish military leaders executed dissenters which allowed for a swift alignment of troops, but also several theaters of infighting between Morstaybishlian and South Staynish forces. |
|||
In the colonial and territorial administrations of Joralesia, Salisar, the Morst West Pacific, Dalmaghar, Kurandia, and others recognised the Act and implemented it, but clandestine slave-trading and [[Wikipedia:Blackbirding|blackbirding]] still occurred as late as the mid 1930s. Though it was hit with the economic depression and major de-colonisation following the war, the Imperial Navy immediately established a presence off of the coasts of these territories where there were rumours, sightings, reports or evidence of ongoing slavery, as well as negotiating with countries neighbouring these colonies and territories for their rights to stop and search vessels believed to house slaves. The Imperial Navy dispatched three squadrons of four, five and eight [[Wikipedia:Town-class cruiser (1910)|light cruisers]] to the [[Pacific Ocean]], as well as the south and north [[Concordian Ocean]] respectively. With bases at Montecadre, what is now Penisine Garrisons in Balidar, and Bruzraka; the squadrons aided in the capture of over 2,100 slave ships, freeing over 205,000 people from slavery between 1917 and 1934. However, unfortunately this did not exactly reduce the number of deaths of slaves. Thousands lost their lives if the captain of a slave ship knew they were being approached by a squadron vessel. The captain would order for the slaves to be thrown overboard still shackled. Very few would make it to shore. |
|||
A stagnant eastern front was opened up by Ethalria after Valeria declared independence and the line of contact had internal problems. Ethalria pushed back the line of contact with an offensive from Imperium and Wulesburg to Rorivon and Rostok. Though the line of contact had deflated many miles, it soon consolidated into a more solid position as Valeria gained its footing. At this point, [[Ian Crowcasa]] had been voted out of government after his 14 year tenure, voting in [[Delores Gastrell]]. |
|||
====Norograd Secessionist Movements to the Auroran-Imperial War==== |
|||
[[File:Young Kiet Narvga.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Young Norogradian revolutionary [[Kiet Narvga]]]] |
|||
With the death of [[Thadeus I]] and the recession of Packilvania-Morstaybishlia relations, separatists in the Principality of Korstazia formed the Korstazian Republican Army and began attacking police stations and government buildings within the major cities in a minor bid to take control. In 1920, the armed forces were deployed to deal with the KRA and attacks ceased. This action was incredibly well publicised, and in the time afterwards socialist newspapers in the region became significantly more popular, especially those promoting anti-imperial Noroist socialism. By the turn of the decade, most separatist groups and militias had become Noroist. |
|||
Banking in Valeria was all headquartered in Staynes. From Sani Bursil, Gastrell ordered all banks to shut down. With over 90 percent of banks shutting down in Valeria, people were unable to withdraw money, and Valeria immediately plunged into financial ruin. |
|||
In 1943, a small Noroist group known as the Jilkania Revolutionary Front launched a surprise attack on the Barque city council hall. They captured it swiftly and with little resistance, taking several hostages including the mayor of the city at the time, Ferdinand Smithson. Police were unable to safely retake the hall, coming under fire and threats that the hostages would be killed. The JRF demanded that Jilkaan be allowed to secede from the Empire as its own state, and encouraged other groups to take action against the regional authority. The stand off lasted a week before the first hostage was eventually killed. Soon after, the Morstaybishlian Armed Forces were sent in to retake the structure without killing the hostages. However, the JRF were warned of the attack beforehand and a major firefight emerged, with major casualties on both sides. The city hall was eventually retaken, though Ferdiand Smithson was shot several times and died of blood loss and internal bleeding whilst being transported to hospital. In the aftermath, Lord Nelson of Jilkaan decided to enhance police liberties when dealing with rebellion to prevent further need for the armed forces and to root out separatist groups in the region. King [[Thadeus II]] then extended this law to all of the Principality in 1945 due to the increased number of protests and riots. |
|||
[[File:Taurus 1 MBT in Staynes 1972.jpg|left|thumb|270px|A Norogradian Taurus 1 MBT storming Monnedura, a small town in Corstania Province during the [[Auroran Imperial War]]]] |
|||
By the late 1950's, the counterculture movement emerged across Aurora, and with it, and increased number of protests and riots within Korstazia, as well as the Emberwood and Quartz fern regions. Primarily Noroist socialist separatist groups became significantly more prolific, especially in higher education and universities. with the turn of the 60's, the largest underground Noroist resistance group, the Norogradian peoples liberation party, made links with the government of [[Ethalria]] and [http://nswiki.org/index.php?title=Cerdani_Democratic_Republic| East Cerdani]. This allowed them to begin stockpiling arms and manufactured weapons, as well as giving them the resources needed to semi-covertly begin manufacturing weapons of their own design by the end of the decade. When the Auroran Imperial War broke out, the NPLP organised soldiers across the principality, coordinating with other smaller groups, and soon after launched a coup of the regional government. Armed with a vast supply of arms, vehicles, ships, and aircraft, the NPLP successfully gained control of the Kormistazic principality within three days, announcing its independence as the republic of Norograd and joining Ethalria against the Morstaybishlian Empire. This was further solidified by the use of high yield thermobaric weaponry by the Royal Air Force during an NPLP assault on an army base, which killed many soldiers of both sides. |
|||
[[File:Iron Lung (061) (7184148409).jpg|left|thumb|250px|[[Wikipedia:Poliovirus|Poliovirus]] victims in Kirdintayos Infirmary, 1976.]] |
|||
With the close of the [[Auroran Imperial War]], Lyrevale, Emberwood Coast, and Quartz Fern Coast had seceded from Norograd. Every new nation had its independence guaranteed at the post-war Weyrcliff summit and were officially recognised as separated from the Morstaybishlian Empire. |
|||
Vardem established an emergency National Bank and begun integration schemes with a new currency made of plastic coins, because there was no time to mine and mass produce coins made of nickel or other metals. Economic depression followed, and millions of people were out of work. Ethalria capitalised on this and seized huge swathes of land, before being immobilised from the Ketavuul orbital bombardment strikes. They would later cede land they absorbed in this offensive to what is the current border today. The Wreycliff Pact prevented signatories from recognising Valeria as an independent nation, and so Vardem's talks with Axdel broke down in the latter part of the year. |
|||
Between 1975 and 1977, millions of people died as a result of the depression. Nobody could afford healthcare and medical supplies and the government struggled with demand. Infectious diseases spread across the population, including [[Wikipedia:Poliovirus|Poliovirus]], [[Wikipedia:Typhus|Typhus fever]], and [[Wikipedia:Measles|Measles]]. |
|||
====From Succession to Union==== |
|||
[[File:King Galfridus.png|right|thumb|150px|King Galfridus in 1977]] |
|||
Years of tension between the central government and many local councils and authorities led to a snap referendum for independence at the end stages of the Auroran Imperial War. The legitimacy of the referendum was questioned, and on the 6th of June that year, the poll saw 54% of the population vote to the South Staynes Sucession Act of 1975. Greta Vardem was declared President and South Staynes declared independence as a sovereign state from Morstaybishlia. The initial first few weeks saw lots of infighting. Soldiers and people loyal to the Morstaybishlian Empire were told to leave, whilst politicians were given a week. Guerrilla infighting between Morstaybishlian loyalists and the new South Staynish Army ensued creating a large shift in the opinion polls of [[Galfridus]]. Thousands of people were killed in the streets. This gave Morstaybishlia yet another problem to add to their list. At the point of the referendum, the Auroran Imperial War had started a ceasefire period. Greta Vardem saw this time to establish a non-aggression pact with her Axis neighbours, as well as a reluctant Morstaybishlia. |
|||
Whilst Valeria held ''de facto'' power in the nation, Morstaybishlia continued its claim, which put pressure on nations to not recognise Valeria as a sovereign nation, which would aggrevate the superpower. However, [[Peregrinia]] came into controversy when CapCoal Bank, a private banking group headquartered in the nation, gave out loans to aid Valeria. Morstaybishlia put pressure on Peregrinia to withdraw this aid, which they eventually did. |
|||
Being unable to prevent this loss of fatherland, Galfridus was severely criticised and his position was labelled weak by the devolved government. Wince Lavin, Prime Minister, saw this time to rally the power of the people to force the King in handing over executive power to Parliament. His plan succeeded, and on the 16th of July, the parliament replaced the throne as the main decision making body of Morstaybishlia. |
|||
[[File:South Staynes foodbank queue.jpg|right|thumb|250px|People waiting for a food bank in Kirdintayos to open during the winter of 1975.]] |
|||
After gaining independence, South Staynes struggled to find international recognition. Many other sovereign states declared the referendum was not legitimate and that Greta Vardem and Wince Lavin had collaborated to replace the throne with parliament. This resulted in many of the Empires' allies turning a blind eye to the situation; unable to find adequate reason to support either the Empire or South Staynes. Furthermore, Morstaybishlia did not recognise the new sovereign state. However, many opposing the Morstaybishlian Empire did. [[Norograd]] and [[Ethalria]] recognised the new state immediately and began their own relations with the country. |
|||
Civil unrest began in March 1977, and saw South Staynish people target people and companies based on economic ties with Morstaybishlia. Arson and vandalism occurred against Staynish owned businesses, which were marked with a blood rose on shop windows before being subject of attack. People with Staynish blood, family or other ties were blamed for Morstaybishlia's actions in crippling their nation. Politicians and well known business owners who were Staynish fled to Morstaybishlia or were otherwise killed, or at the least beaten. A new opponent to Vardem's government swept the younger population who had known nothing other than struggle, war and famine. Supported by [[Delores Sofura]]'s fascist regime, the opposition was helmed by fascist leader Morgan Lugin. |
|||
All Morstaybishlian allies turned a blind eye to the situation, unable to find adequate reason to undermine Morstaybishlia. Some nations supported Valeria, such as [[Norgsveldet]]. |
|||
[[File:Greta Vardem colourised.jpg|left|thumb|190px|Greta Vardem in 1975]] |
|||
For the first few months, Greta Vardem made many decisions that would grow South Staynes as a power and which pushed themselves more onto the world stage. They signed recognition and alliances with many Auroran countries except Morstaybishlia. Under Greta Vardem, South Staynes' economy grew by a record breaking 4% in its first year. |
|||
In |
In April, in a highly controversial moment, a gunman in a police disguise was mistakenly identified as Labius Deputy Police Officer Aero Benagli and was allowed on set during a live television broadcast where the President was filming. The gunman, Fred Greidman, fired and shot Greta several times in the chest and stomach before shooting himself. Immediately following the incident, fascist opponent Morgan Lugin seized power of the senate. Civil unrest was intensified, and infighting began in major cities. The armed forces was dispatched and under Morgan Lugin was ordered to fire live ammunition at violent protesters. Several thousand people were massacred. This action sent the country into civil war and Lugin lost the trust of [[Delores Sofura]] and other fascist allies. With infighting reaching extreme heights, Lugin was forced to resign by his own council and later went into exile. A new interim government ran by seven members of the Vardem Committee believed it was in the national interest to reintegrate with Morstaybishlia. The committee flew to Sani Bursil to begin negotiations, and a few months later, Morstaybishlia recognised Valeria as an entity and Valeria integrated into the nation under the Acts of Union 1977. This formed a political union with the Imperial Kingdom of Morstaybishlia to create the Imperial Kingdom of Great Morstaybishlia. |
||
====Between the two Auroran Wars==== |
====Between the two Auroran Wars==== |
||
Line 375: | Line 287: | ||
=====Lyrevale Civil War===== |
=====Lyrevale Civil War===== |
||
A period of geopolitical tension between |
A period of geopolitical tension between Axdel and Morstaybishlia and their respective allies began immediately following the Auroran Imperial War, and lasted until the dissolution of Noroist government in 1996. There was no large-scale fighting directly between the two powers, but they engaged in proxy wars such as the [[Lyrevale Civil War]] and [[Lyrevale Continuation War|Continuation War]]. |
||
=====Meremaa Civil War===== |
=====Meremaa Civil War===== |
||
[[File:Morstaybishlian Riots 1990.jpg|right|thumb|300px|A small section of a 60,000 person riot in Kirdintayos soon after Robert Delari announced that Great Morstaybishlia was going to war with Meremaa, the slogan "We Won't Fight Another Rich Man's War!" became very popular throughout the country]] |
[[File:Morstaybishlian Riots 1990.jpg|right|thumb|300px|A small section of a 60,000 person riot in Kirdintayos soon after Robert Delari announced that Great Morstaybishlia was going to war with Meremaa, the slogan "We Won't Fight Another Rich Man's War!" became very popular throughout the country.]] |
||
On 15 April 1990, Grand Duke Telvi II of Meremaa ordered the military to fire at a labour strike organised by Democratic Socialist political organisations in the city of Morzk. Immediately after the actions ordered by Telvi II, Meremaan news outlets and papers began glorifying their leader and exerting an approach relating to their foreign policy which gave |
On 15 April 1990, Grand Duke Telvi II of Meremaa ordered the military to fire at a labour strike organised by Democratic Socialist political organisations in the city of Morzk. Immediately after the actions ordered by Telvi II, Meremaan news outlets and papers began glorifying their leader and exerting an approach relating to their foreign policy which gave High Elderthane [[Robert Delari]] an unclear future for [[Dalmaghar]]. This concerned Robert Delari, who retaliated by condemning the actions of the Grand Duke. Meremaa declared their intentions to align further with [[Norgsveldet]] economically despite their independence less than a decade before. |
||
Delari viewed this negatively, and made public his views on how Meremaa has lost its sovereignty and how the Morstaybishlian Government no longer viewed the government of Meremaa as legitimate. As civil unrest grew into civil war, Delari endorsed the Democratic Socialist movement, led by [[Tyr Vaines]], which branded itself as the Republican Forces of Meremaa, whilst simultaneously sending its |
Delari viewed this negatively, and made public his views on how Meremaa has lost its sovereignty and how the Morstaybishlian Government no longer viewed the government of Meremaa as legitimate. As civil unrest grew into civil war, Delari endorsed the Democratic Socialist movement, led by [[Tyr Vaines]], which branded itself as the Republican Forces of Meremaa, whilst simultaneously sending its Cerenerian Fleet to protect the Morstaybishlian asset of Dalmaghar. |
||
Norgsveldet viewed the newfound Morstaybishlian naval presence in Dalmaghar as hostile. However, they initially laid off any form of support to Meremaa as Morstaybishlia had not officially sided with the republicans. |
Norgsveldet viewed the newfound Morstaybishlian naval presence in Dalmaghar as hostile. However, they initially laid off any form of support to Meremaa as Morstaybishlia had not officially sided with the republicans. |
||
Line 400: | Line 312: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
On 22 May 1990, Robert Delari declared war on Meremaa, and revealed his new deal with the Republican Forces was to help install a democratic foundation in the region. The same day, media coverage of Republican Forces attacking an |
On 22 May 1990, Robert Delari declared war on Meremaa, and revealed his new deal with the Republican Forces was to help install a democratic foundation in the region. The same day, media coverage of Republican Forces attacking an Ulvriktru temple went global, and this coupled with the already public dissent against war began a month long riots across all of Great Morstaybishlia. Delari’s opinion polls dropped dramatically as he guided a Morstaybishlian landing on the Meremain coast. |
||
Soon thereafter, Norgsveldet declared their intentions to back the Meremain government and send troops to reinforce the already strong Meremain forces. Over the next year, Morstaybishlia sent over 82,000 troops to the campaign. The Meremain forces were well dug in and the Morstaybishlian’s lost 12,481 men. A hopeful campaign on 21 February 1991 laid out a plan to wipe out one of the main entrances of Norgsveltian troops into Meremaa. Morstaybishlian saw a quick naval bombardment and subsequent attack of the city, but over an ensuing ten days was blocked by a fiercely dug in Meremain defence line. The battle lasted 26 days, until 19 March, where the Morstaybishlian forces retreated to Dalmaghar. It was during this retreat that the MBS ''Augustine'', the first ''Augustine''-class aircraft carrier completed two months before was sunk. |
Soon thereafter, Norgsveldet declared their intentions to back the Meremain government and send troops to reinforce the already strong Meremain forces. Over the next year, Morstaybishlia sent over 82,000 troops to the campaign. The Meremain forces were well dug in and the Morstaybishlian’s lost 12,481 men. A hopeful campaign on 21 February 1991 laid out a plan to wipe out one of the main entrances of Norgsveltian troops into Meremaa. Morstaybishlian saw a quick naval bombardment and subsequent attack of the city, but over an ensuing ten days was blocked by a fiercely dug in Meremain defence line. The battle lasted 26 days, until 19 March, where the Morstaybishlian forces retreated to Dalmaghar. It was during this retreat that the MBS ''Augustine'', the first ''Augustine''-class aircraft carrier completed two months before was sunk. |
||
[[File:The horror of war.png|right|thumb|300px|The Horror of War; Urth's Picture of the Year 1993. It depicts a Meremain woman after losing her home and family in a mortar strike]] |
[[File:The horror of war.png|right|thumb|300px|The Horror of War; Urth's Picture of the Year 1993. It depicts a Meremain woman after losing her home and family in a mortar strike.]] |
||
The Folks immediately motioned a vote of no confidence against Delari’s administration, and no less than two weeks later Morstaybishlia had a hung Samming. The [[Principles of Democracy Party]] led by [[Rupert Sinkasa]] formed a confidence-and-supply coalition government with the [[MBE Liberals|Liberal Party]]. His party promised to end the war, but the Liberals, their only feasible coalition partner, would go on to make that reality very difficult. Through votes in government, the Liberals denied Podite majorities on de-escalation. |
|||
Sinkasa immediately faced more riots in Sani Bursil and other major urban conurbations as he failed to find a de-escalation solution. Meremaa and Norgsveldet pushed a firm counter attack into Dalmaghar, with a continuous air strike campaign on military and civilian targets. Morstaybishlia was forced to deploy a second fleet to Dalmaghar stoked with fresh supplies and troops when Norgsveltian forces began accumulating in the Isles of Hel for a land invasion. This deterred Norgsveldet from commencing an attack. |
Sinkasa immediately faced more riots in Sani Bursil and other major urban conurbations as he failed to find a de-escalation solution. Meremaa and Norgsveldet pushed a firm counter attack into Dalmaghar, with a continuous air strike campaign on military and civilian targets. Morstaybishlia was forced to deploy a second fleet to Dalmaghar stoked with fresh supplies and troops when Norgsveltian forces began accumulating in the Isles of Hel for a land invasion. This deterred Norgsveldet from commencing an attack. |
||
Morstaybishlia sent over 124,000 troops from April 1991 to October 1992 to Morzk where they fought a huge series of campaigns to take the capital, Kalaborgdurg. Initially the campaigns went well, establishing a strong defence line halfway between Morzk to Kalaborgdurg, and gaining ground as close as Dzimspilsēta, but after some time Meremaa and Norgsveldet began to push them back. Morstaybishlia over this next year of retreat would lose 43,305 men. At the same time, the Republican Forces of Meremaa lost over 110,000 troops and became increasingly unpopular among the population of Meremaa for violent attacks on |
Morstaybishlia sent over 124,000 troops from April 1991 to October 1992 to Morzk where they fought a huge series of campaigns to take the capital, Kalaborgdurg. Initially the campaigns went well, establishing a strong defence line halfway between Morzk to Kalaborgdurg, and gaining ground as close as Dzimspilsēta, but after some time Meremaa and Norgsveldet began to push them back. Morstaybishlia over this next year of retreat would lose 43,305 men. At the same time, the Republican Forces of Meremaa lost over 110,000 troops and became increasingly unpopular among the population of Meremaa for violent attacks on Ulvriktru temples despite the Morstaybishlian’s best curveball attempts. |
||
By the beginning of 1993, the two sides had reached a stalemate at a natural defence line in the far east of Meremaa. Morstaybishlia and the Republican Forces of Meremaa agreed that any future campaign of Kalaborgdurg would be unsuccessful and agreed on forming a splinter state known as the Republic of Morzk. From January to April was a period of relative peacetime. This was interrupted when Norgsveltian submarines sank a Morstaybishlian supply lane which would mark the beginning of a Norgsveltian campaign to choke the mostly unrecognised republic. |
By the beginning of 1993, the two sides had reached a stalemate at a natural defence line in the far east of Meremaa. Morstaybishlia and the Republican Forces of Meremaa agreed that any future campaign of Kalaborgdurg would be unsuccessful and agreed on forming a splinter state known as the Republic of Morzk. From January to April was a period of relative peacetime. This was interrupted when Norgsveltian submarines sank a Morstaybishlian supply lane which would mark the beginning of a Norgsveltian campaign to choke the mostly unrecognised republic. |
||
Norgsveldet fought and won a decisive naval battle against an unprepared Morstaybishlian defence which would establish a blockade around the republic. Meremaa and Norgsveldet began a full assault into the region of Morzk which lasted until 23 October 1994 when the Republican forces surrendered. Rupert Sinkasa |
Norgsveldet fought and won a decisive naval battle against an unprepared Morstaybishlian defence which would establish a blockade around the republic. Meremaa and Norgsveldet began a full assault into the region of Morzk which lasted until 23 October 1994 when the Republican forces surrendered. Rupert Sinkasa signed a peace treaty with Grand Duke Telvi II of Meremaa and Prime Minister Margete Kverheim of Norgsveldet which saw non-aggression between the three nations and Morstaybishlian recognition of Meremaa. |
||
After the war, it was judged that during the Kalaborgdurg campaign Morstaybishlian and Meremain Republican forces were responsible for over twenty thousand civilian murders and somewhere between one thousand and two thousand five hundred rapes. |
After the war, it was judged that during the Kalaborgdurg campaign Morstaybishlian and Meremain Republican forces were responsible for over twenty thousand civilian murders and somewhere between one thousand and two thousand five hundred rapes. |
||
===21st century=== |
|||
====Acts of Union==== |
|||
[[File:Johannes and Samsey.png|right|thumb|300px|Prime Minister [[Walter Johannes]] of Great Morstaybishlia (left) and Prime Minister [[Arran Samsey]] of Justelvard (right) after signing the Acts of Union of Great Morstaybishlia and Justelvard in 2016]] |
|||
=====State of Morstaybishlia===== |
|||
Justelvard faced continuous trouble with a language and cultural divide since it was colonised in the early 17th century. Justelard, who seceded from Morstaybishlia upon the closure of the Auroran Imperial War was bound by the Port Makuh Agreement, signed by former Prime Minister [[Delores Gastrell]] and the first Prime Minister of Justelvard Jamesina Sefera, which stated that "if at any stage it is clear that a majority of constituencies in Justelvard hold pro-Morstaybishlian seats, then a referendum for Morstaybishlian reunification would be considered" and that, under these terms, "a Morstaybishlian reunification would see Justelvard become a functioning member state of Great Morstaybishlia as opposed to territory of the crown". After the 2014 Justelvard General Election, the new Prime Minister Wiley Gordwin was elected but led a minority government, his opposition could not form a government but which formed for the first time a majority for pro-Morstaybishlia. Gordwin controversially ignored this clause in the Port Makuh Agreement, and had a huge backlash from politicians and the general public. At the time, Gordwins' opinion polls dropped to 23 percent, the lowest of any Justelvardic Prime Ministers ever. A general election was called after a vote of no confidence. The Liberal League of Justelvard lost ten seats in the 2015 Justelvard General Election and the Justelvardic Unionist Party was voted in. His successor, and the new Prime Minister [[Arran Samsey]], held a referendum on 16 December 2015 which saw a 65 percent vote for Morstaybishlian reunification, though no constituency in the Western Outliers voted to leave. Samsey flew to Sani Bursil on as many as eleven occasions to discuss with [[Walter Johannes]] an agreement. One year later to the day, on 16 December 2016, the United Kingdom of Great Morstaybishlia and Justelvard came into being, the result of Acts of Union being passed by the parliaments of Great Morstaybishlia and Justelvard and so unite the two kingdoms. |
|||
[[File:ArleighBurkeClassShips.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Three [[Litop Class|Litop-class IIA]] ships among those seized during the military coup d'etat on 31 July 2003.]] |
|||
====Auroran-Pacific War==== |
|||
Despite sharing the same culture, language and history, west and east Staynes have rivalled each other since antiquity, with the kingdoms of Staynnica and Maltervenia opposing each other during the Era of Changes and their capitals, Redrugus and (now) Sani Bursil going on to compete in growth and economic output during the Industrial Revolution. These two cities were the first two cities to rapidly industrialise in the early-mid 19th century anywhere in the world. Today Redrugus still maintains its industrial identity whilst other cities naturally deindustrialised into primary tertiary economies, such as being the site of Aurora's largest steelwork companies and some of the world's largest manufacturing companies. Up the coast from Redrugus, Fort Staynes maintains the facilities as Staynes' fourth largest port by freight distribution; the city sees large volumes of maritime traffic from east Arcturia and [[Gondwana|Alaria]]. |
|||
''See also: [[Auroran-Pacific War]] |
|||
Morstaybishlia faced economic decline in the 1990s and 2000s. Years of privatisation in the 1990s resulted in the quality of goods and services decreasing whilst companies recorded record profits. Unions demanded better pay and working conditions whilst the government maintained its attention abroad in proxy wars with [[Axdel]] in [[Lyrevale]] and direct conflict in the [[Meremaa Civil War]]. When three [[Principles of Democracy Party|Podite]] [[List of high elderthanes of Great Morstaybishlia|high elderthanes]] ([[Rupert Sinkasa|Sinkasa]], [[Aveline Tharen|Tharen]] and [[Ramsay Logrin|Logrin]]) of six years was defeated in the [[1998 Great Morstaybishlia General Election|1998 general election]] by [[Progress Party (MBE)|Progress Party]] leader [[Verlhanz Rothgerus]], the new high elderthane focused a considerable amount of resources in tackling socioeconomic issues in the worse affected cities. Redrugus and Fort Staynes, as well as smaller cities nearby were among several areas within Morstaybishlia that was disproportionately treated. Redrugus, who's dockside constituencies are some of the most impoverished in the country, were overlooked and underfunded much to the distaste of the locals, whilst the richer constituencies (namely Bramblehead, Highwood and Kenton Beacon) had practically all of their funding redistributed to places elsewhere. Years passed and conditions did not improve, yet inflation was at a thirty year high. |
|||
[[File:Ethalrian bombing of a Calth village.jpg|right|thumb|275px|Ethalrian bombing of a Caltharusian town.]] |
|||
[[File:Franklin Barvata 2003.jpg|right|thumb|250px|[[Cabinet of Great Morstaybishlia|Home Elderthane]] [[Franklin Barvata]] in 2003, later [[High Elderthane of Great Morstaybishlia|high elderthane]]. Whilst his senior position during the constitutional crisis was controversial, he was largely important in ending the State in 2005.]] |
|||
After loyalists to the Ethalrian Monarchy illegitimately seized the government of the Republic of Ethalria in May 2017 to form the Greater Ethalrian Empire, the Morstaybishlian Government would call an emergency meeting between world leaders at [[Sani Bursil Royal Palace]] resulting in an allegiance of half a dozen countries to fight the new Auroran threat. Tensions rose across the world for a few weeks. The Royal Parade was not cancelled despite the best efforts of Prime Minister Walter Johannes, who deemed it 'unsafe in the current political climate'. During the parade around Sani Bursil, an assassination attempt on King Lambertus VII failed but resulted in the death of the heir apparent [[Prince Thadeus]]. It was soon thereafter discovered that the plot was orchestrated by operatives of the [[Ethalria (Matriarchy)|Matriarchy of Ethalria]] working for [[Amalda Harimann]] and Great Morstaybishlia declared war on the Matriarchy the same day. |
|||
On 3 May 2002 senior politicians and military personnel met in Clara House for the first of eight secret talks aimed at bringing the Staynish provinces of Horkalo and Redrugus out of Morstaybishlia. They met bi-monthly until their final meeting in July 2003. Notable members included [[Boriff]] Dinnick Amildon of Redrugus, Redrugus Chief of Police Kirkosby Lews, former Chief of Defence Staff Velisa Felgian and RedBank CEO Clauzia Murley. In the week leading up to the State of Morstaybishlia declaring independence, military and police leaders carefully and meticulously laid out the groundworks for their coup d'etat. On 31 July 2003, seperatist forces seized control of two aircraft carriers, MBS ''Marvant'' and MBS ''Baltassar'', as well as the rest of the Home Fleet docked at Xenliada, the main dockyard of the Morstaybishlian Fleet and the headquarters of the Naval Staff Offices. The coup d'etat was swift, and the police leadership was also ascertained, both without casualties. |
|||
With Stratarin's Premier [[Viktor Drugov]] losing his position of power to Mikhail Starikov, Great Morstaybishlia lost one of its great allies. Starikov made his intentions known and became allies with the Matriarchy of Ethalria, the Greater Ethalrian Empire and Kostromastan, forming the axis. Stratarin played a vital role in military armament and funding of the axis; in particular Kostromastan, who had used this aide to push an invasion deep into Nocturne. Kostromastan and Stratarin would aim to push deep into Barbarus and Laulia Provinces to ambush the vastly spread and deeply entrenched allied forces in their battle over north Ethalrian cities, and a planned Strataric naval invasion on the beaches of Aurus and Laulia Provinces was narrowly prevented when their naval routes were cut off by the [[The Oan Isles|Oan Isles]], which began the Pacific Theater of War. Great Morstaybishlia immediately amassed a force with [[Lokania]] and [[Kuthernburg]] to invade both Ethalrias. Facing fierce opposition, the allies narrowly secured victories in Arkenvel and Avenai in late June and July, later beating the Matriarchy of Ethalria in the battle for Karinthus and later Rivendale, the Ethalrian capital which would lead Harimann into hiding and see the Ethalrian Vice Matriarch sign the Instrument of Surrender on the 24th of October. In the west the allies were repelled into South Staynes, with bombing of cities Leriad, Burleron and Kovaro killing millions of people, but upon the surrender of the Matriarchy of Ethalria, the Greater Ethalrian Empire caved into pressure on all sides from the allies, herself surrendering soon thereafter. Immediately following the war, Great Morstaybishlia, as well as Axdel, Tuvaltastan and the Oan Isles saw the fragmentation of both Ethalria's and occupied each zone which became the six [[Ethalns|Ethaln]] countries. |
|||
On 1 August, a group of crossbench politicians from the two provinces declared a new '[[State of Morstaybishlia]]' as independent from Great Morstaybishlia. Pro-Kalmington politicians had quickly rallied overnight and attempted to organise a resistance. The streets of Redrugus and other large cities entered a week of civil unrest. Until the seperatist forces (which by now had consolidated a disproportionate section of the [[Royal Armed Forces of the Empire|Morstaybishlian Armed Forces]], including 90% of the [[Imperial Navy|Imperial Navy's]] Home Fleet) managed to mobilise defensive lines on the Burren mountains and the Anker River, many thousands evacuated and general [[Wikipedia:Anarchy|anarchy]] proliferated the cities. |
|||
====Since the Auroran-Pacific War==== |
|||
The Morstaybishlian government acted swiftly, though critics argue there were obvious signs a military coup d'etat of Redrugus and Horkalo was happening under their noses months before it happened. Before separatists gained air superiority, Morstaybishlian long-range bomber aircraft disabled several naval vessels, including MBS ''Horkalo'', a [[Litop Class|''Litop''-class IIA]] destroyer. The surrounding waters of Xenliada saw naval engagement, where ships under MBE scrambled to escape State control and disabled targets where they could. Four ships under the MBE's control were sank, including two [[Wikipedia:Admiral Gorshkov-class frigate|''Rouanezkador''-class frigates]], MBS ''Walverdon'' and MBS ''Torrin'', claiming a total of 787 crew. Seperatists were fought back to the Heldon Bridge, where they destroyed it, thus forming the line of control that would remain until Great Morstaybishlia invaded two years later. |
|||
[[File:Staynish resistance fighters in Redrugus.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Members of the [[Staynes|Staynish Liberation Army]], a Morstaybishlian-backed resistance movement fighting on the streets of Fort Staynes, November 2004.]] |
|||
With his declaration as President of the State of Morstaybishlia and Supreme Commander of its armed forces, George Vermana set out by enacting martial law. To suppress what opposition existed to their self-declared independence, regular stop checks began and curfew was set at 20:00. Vermana's government sought to legitimise their status as an independent nation by continuing the sale of goods, such as grain and oil to importing customers of Great Morstaybishlia, the latter via the Redrugan Oil Reserve (Morstaybishlia's third largest). The MBE responded by patrolling blue waters in the West Sea with components from other fleets, enacting an embargo and seizing ships that tried to leave, or enter. The State responded in kind, and patrolled their own waters. Open sea warfare to remove the blockade begun, and the State, operating the Home Fleet and backed by the Redrugan Oil Reserves, was able to fight indefinitely until all of their ships were damaged or sunken. |
|||
Morstaybishlia successfully whipped the [[Auroran Continental Assembly|ACA]] (the predecessor of the [[United Nations of the Auroran Continent|UNAC]]) into condemnation of the State by September 2003. A condemnation by the [[International Forum]] in January 2004 followed. Both the State and the MBE had rapidly mobilised forces for the advent of war. RedBank departments and [[Wikipedia:Automated teller machine|cash machines]] were shut down and disabled across Aurora (where the banks entire operations were conducted), and assets were frozen when economic data showed that the State of Morstaybishlia was a recipient of several of their loans worth billions of [[Kirib|Kiribs]]. |
|||
George Vermana was shot and killed by MIB agents operating undercover at his stately home on 18 October 2004 in what the [[Great Morstaybishlia#Government|Morstaybishlian Government]] [[Wikipedia:Code-name|codenamed]] Operation Fox Hunt. His death was applauded in main streets like Oswald Place and Palace Street. On the same day, MBE forces penetrated the defense lines of the State and began its invasion. From Kalmington, [[Lambertus VII|King Lambertus VII]] officially declared hostilities, the first time the Morstaybishlian government had done so since the advent of the [[Auroran Imperial War]]. In Redrugus, Zecrod Furista was sworn in as President. |
|||
=====Morstaybishlian Secession War===== |
|||
In an interview with the MBC in 2014, [[Franklin Barvata]] described how success in ''Operation Fox Hunt'' falsely alluded the Morstaybishlian government into believing that the State would collapse because of a fragile leadership system, and that in the vacuum left by the death of George Vermana would allow the [[Royal Armed Forces of the Empire|Morstaybishlian Armed Forces]] an easier path to victory against a stunned and chaotic State military command. |
|||
[[File:Zecrod Furista 2004-05.png|right|thumb|250px|Zecrod Furista, 2005.]] |
|||
No such government or military command collapse occurred, and Zecrod Furista was sworn in as the second president the same day. Kalmington hopes of civil unrest and internal conflict against the Furista government was not met. Morstaybishlian forces crossed the border on 18 October 2004 and was met by fierce resistance, though as the conflict progressed, [[Wikipedia:Blitzkrieg|lightning tactics]] were employed to encircle State units to force a quicker victory. However, George Vermana had predicted this in his tenure and had planted explosives on every road across the border. When these eplosives were detonated, the Morstaybishlian fast attack strategies were useless. Warfare on the ground continued slowly, and battles were mainly fought in the air and at sea. |
|||
[[File:IED destroys Morstaybishlian truck.png|left|thumb|250px|Morstaybishlian [[Wikipedia:High mobility, multipurpose wheeled vehicle|HMMWV truck]] destroyed in [[Wikipedia:Improvised explosive device|IED]] explosion in the Great Savanna.]] |
|||
In the north, the MBE's delayed landings as a result of the 2004 Packilvanian Ocean Typhoon season's Typhoon Ariezoe made continual permanent territorial gains as forces on land pushed south. In the east, State forces fought hardest and territorial gains were harder come by. The capture of Skaul, Queenschester and Fort Staynes had Zecrod Furista on the defensive. By April 2005, as Kalmington was preparring for the [[2005 Great Morstaybishlia General Election|2005 genral election]], forces aboard the [[Wikipedia:INS Vikrant (2013)|''Baltassar''-class]] MBS ''Baltassar'' (the lead ship of her class) mutinied, and surrendered to the Morstaybishlian Fleet. Further waves of surrendering forces saw morale in Furista's government fall dramatically. Several politicians and members of State High Command either attempted unsuccessfully or successfully to leave to seek refuge in Morstaybishlia and avoid imprisonment by revealing sensitive strategies or secrets which could help the war effort. Only two out of six high ranking politicians and military command managed this feat. |
|||
During fierce combat in the Battle of Kasilly Point, MBS ''Roumont'', under command of the State, was sunk and destroyed by a [[Wikipedia:Sukhoi Su-27|Vezra GE-25]] fourth-generation fighter. Other smaller vessels on both sides were sunk. |
|||
At some point during 16 to 20 September 2005 Zecrod Furista fled the country, and on 24 September 2005 the State of Morstaybishlia surrendered. The new [[High Elderthane of Great Morstaybishlia|High Elderthane]] [[Walter Johannes]] travelled to Redrugus on 26 September and declared 'the people are free, and this dark chapter of Morstaybishlia's history is over'. |
|||
Preliminary talks in early 2005 between Great Morstaybishlia, [[Axdel]] (who's political relationship with Morstaybishlia had improved drastically since the [[Lyrevale Continuation War]] nineteen years before) and the [[Ethalria (Republic)|Republic of Ethalria]] would form the basis of the Western Auroran Pact (WAP), which would become the precursor of the [[Intercontinental Regional Security Accords]] (IRSA). A main proponent to the groups formation was unity against secessionist movements, which all parties had partial issues with. |
|||
=====Acts of Union===== |
|||
[[File:Johannes and Samsey.png|right|thumb|300px|[[High Elderthane of Great Morstaybishlia|High Elderthane]] [[Walter Johannes]] of Great Morstaybishlia (left) and High Elderthane [[Arran Samsey]] of Jusdelva (right) after signing the Acts of Union of Great Morstaybishlia and Jusdelva in 2016.]] |
|||
Jusdelva faced continuous trouble with a language and cultural divide since it was colonised in the late 15th century. Jusdelva, who seceded from Morstaybishlia upon the closure of the Auroran Imperial War was bound by the Loeizaporzh Agreement, signed by former High Elderthanen [[Delores Gastrell]] and the first High Elderthane of Jusdelva Riannar B. Carrington, which stated that "if at any stage it is clear that a majority of constituencies in Jusdelva hold pro-Morstaybishlian seats, then a referendum for Morstaybishlian reunification would be considered" and that, under these terms, "a Morstaybishlian reunification would see Jusdelva become a functioning member state of Morstaybishlia as opposed to territory of the crown". After the 2014 Jusdelva general election, the new High Elderthane Wiley Gordwin was elected but led a minority government, his opposition could not form a government but which formed for the first time a majority for pro-Morstaybishlia. Gordwin controversially ignored this clause in the Loeizaporzh Agreement, and had a huge backlash from politicians and the general public. At the time, Gordwins' opinion polls dropped to 23 percent, the lowest of any Jusdelviz high elderthanes ever. A general election was called after a vote of no confidence. The Liberal League of Jusdelva lost ten seats in the 2015 Jusdelva general election and the Jusdelviz Unionist Party was voted in. His successor, and the new High Elderthane [[Arran Samsey]], held a referendum on 16 December 2015 which saw a 65 percent vote for Morstaybishlian reunification, though no constituency in the Eastern Outliers voted to leave. Samsey flew to Sani Bursil on as many as eleven occasions to discuss with [[Walter Johannes]] an agreement. One year later to the day, on 16 December 2016, the Imperial Kingdom of Great Morstaybishlia and Jusdelva came into being, the result of Acts of Union being passed by the Sammings of Great Morstaybishlia and Jusdelva and so unite the two kingdoms. |
|||
====Auroran-Cerenerian War==== |
|||
''See also: [[Auroran-Cerenerian War]] |
|||
[[File:Ethalrian bombing of a Calth village.jpg|right|thumb|275px|Ethalrian bombing of a Kaltariz town.]] |
|||
After loyalists to the Ethalrian Monarchy illegitimately seized the government of the Republic of Ethalria in May 2017 to form the Greater Ethalrian Empire, the Morstaybishlian Government would call an emergency meeting between world leaders at [[Sani Bursil Royal Palace]] resulting in an allegiance of half a dozen countries to fight the new Auroran threat. Tensions rose across the world for a few weeks. The Royal Parade was not cancelled despite the best efforts of High Elderthane Walter Johannes, who deemed it 'unsafe in the current political climate'. During the parade around Sani Bursil, an assassination attempt on King Lambertus VII failed but resulted in the death of the heir apparent [[Prince Thadeus]]. It was soon thereafter discovered that the plot was orchestrated by operatives of the [[Ethalria (Matriarchy)|Matriarchy of Ethalria]] working for [[Amalda Harimann]] and Great Morstaybishlia declared war on the Matriarchy the same day. |
|||
With Stratarin's Premier [[Viktor Drugov]] losing his position of power to Mikhail Starikov, Great Morstaybishlia lost one of its great allies. Starikov made his intentions known and became allies with the Matriarchy of Ethalria, the Greater Ethalrian Empire and Kostromastan, forming the axis. Stratarin played a vital role in military armament and funding of the axis; in particular Kostromastan, who had used this aide to push an invasion deep into Nocturne. Kostromastan and Stratarin would aim to push deep into Barbarus and Laulia Provinces to ambush the vastly spread and deeply entrenched allied forces in their battle over north Ethalrian cities, and a planned Strataric naval invasion on the beaches of Aurus and Laulia Provinces was narrowly prevented when their naval routes were cut off by the [[The Oan Isles|Oan Isles]], which began the Cerenerian Theater of War. Great Morstaybishlia immediately amassed a force with [[IRSA]] to invade both Ethalria's. Facing fierce opposition, the allies narrowly secured victories in Arkenvel and Avenai in late June and July, later beating the Matriarchy of Ethalria in the battle for Karinthus and later Ribenstadt, the Ethalrian capital which would lead Harimann into hiding and see the Ethalrian Vice Matriarch sign the Instrument of Surrender on the 24th of October. In the west the allies were repelled into Valeria, with bombing of cities Leriad, Burleron and Kovaro killing millions of people, but upon the surrender of the Matriarchy of Ethalria, the Greater Ethalrian Empire caved into pressure on all sides from the allies, herself surrendering soon thereafter. Immediately following the war, Great Morstaybishlia, as well as Axdel, Tuvaltastan and the Oan Isles saw the fragmentation of both Ethalria's and occupied each zone which became the six [[Ethalns|Ethaln]] countries. |
|||
====Since the Auroran-Cerenerian War==== |
|||
[[File:Embask oil rig in the Artic.jpg|left|thumb|300px|One of the twelve oil rigs owned by [[Embask]] and later purchased by the Kyrlot Government.]] |
[[File:Embask oil rig in the Artic.jpg|left|thumb|300px|One of the twelve oil rigs owned by [[Embask]] and later purchased by the Kyrlot Government.]] |
||
Walter Johannes lost the [[2019 Great Morstaybishlia General Election]] to [[ |
Walter Johannes lost the [[2019 Great Morstaybishlia General Election|2019 general election]] to [[Progress Party (MBE)|Progress Party]] fielded candidate [[Franklin Barvata]]<ref>[[MBC]], 27th February 2019. ''Barvata Defeats Johannes''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s45.html#p208859</ref>, ending the 14 year Johannes administration and subsequently stepped down as [[Principles of Democracy Party|Podite]] leader<ref>[[MBC]], 8th March 2019. ''Walter Johannes Resigns''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s45.html#p209246</ref>. |
||
[[Kyrloth|Kyrloth's annexation of Izria]] saw the [[Embask]] oil rigs off the coast of the Undirnor and Slodhir Islands unlawfully and illegally signed away by King Tegura IV to [[Sinter Tass]] sparking controversy and outrage<ref>[[MBC]], 22nd October 2019. ''Kyrloth Illegally Seizes Embask Rotantic Oil Operations''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s60.html#p217619</ref>. Barvata failed to negotiate with Tass and the latter sent a blockade of corvettes to the oil rigs<ref>TARA PT4, 7th November 2019. ''MBE moves MBS Dovia and two frigates to the Lion of Taren Oil Rig''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mr-tass-s-holiday-t-a-r-a-parts-3-4-kyrloth-expans-t16094-s15.html#p218579</ref>. [[Norgsveldet|Norgsveltian]] Prime Minister Sverdrup hosted a meeting between Tass, Barvata and Kuthern leaders<ref>TARA PT4, 7th November 2019. ''Osfjord Summit''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mr-tass-s-holiday-t-a-r-a-parts-3-4-kyrloth-expans-t16094-s15.html#p218218</ref>. Meanwhile during this meeting one of the oil rigs was blown up on order of Artun Sotarikos and sunk the destroyer MBS ''Dovia''<ref>TARA PT4, 7th November 2019. ''Lion of Taren Oil Rig is detonated, sinks MBS Dovia''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mr-tass-s-holiday-t-a-r-a-parts-3-4-kyrloth-expans-t16094-s15.html#p220069</ref>. The incident was known as the [[The Lion of Taren Incident]], and in Norgsveldet the outcome of this meeting saw the Kyrlot Government pay a sum of 20 billion Kiribs (5% of their GDP) for the oil rigs and compensation to the workers and the dead workers' families. Barvata later sacked |
[[Kyrloth|Kyrloth's annexation of Izria]] saw the [[Embask]] oil rigs off the coast of the Undirnor and Slodhir Islands unlawfully and illegally signed away by King Tegura IV to [[Sinter Tass]] sparking controversy and outrage<ref>[[MBC]], 22nd October 2019. ''Kyrloth Illegally Seizes Embask Rotantic Oil Operations''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s60.html#p217619</ref>. Barvata failed to negotiate with Tass and the latter sent a blockade of corvettes to the oil rigs<ref>TARA PT4, 7th November 2019. ''MBE moves MBS Dovia and two frigates to the Lion of Taren Oil Rig''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mr-tass-s-holiday-t-a-r-a-parts-3-4-kyrloth-expans-t16094-s15.html#p218579</ref>. [[Norgsveldet|Norgsveltian]] Prime Minister Sverdrup hosted a meeting between Tass, Barvata and Kuthern leaders<ref>TARA PT4, 7th November 2019. ''Osfjord Summit''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mr-tass-s-holiday-t-a-r-a-parts-3-4-kyrloth-expans-t16094-s15.html#p218218</ref>. Meanwhile during this meeting one of the oil rigs was blown up on order of Artun Sotarikos and sunk the destroyer MBS ''Dovia''<ref>TARA PT4, 7th November 2019. ''Lion of Taren Oil Rig is detonated, sinks MBS Dovia''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mr-tass-s-holiday-t-a-r-a-parts-3-4-kyrloth-expans-t16094-s15.html#p220069</ref>. The incident was known as the [[The Lion of Taren Incident]], and in Norgsveldet the outcome of this meeting saw the Kyrlot Government pay a sum of 20 billion Kiribs (5% of their GDP) for the oil rigs and compensation to the workers and the dead workers' families. Barvata later sacked Elderthane for Foreign and Oversea Territory Affairs Janietta Rubis from the cabinet for her poor handling of the situation, replacing her with [[Ron Wehrasbi]]<ref>[[MBC]], 25th January 2020. ''Janietta Rubis Sacked''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s60.html#p221623</ref>. |
||
Walter Johannes successor Berowalt Ase accused his party of a 'witch hunt' after being forced to resign for alleged continuous racism, being succeeded by [[Benjamin Wardola]]<ref>[[MBC]], 12th February 2020. ''Benjamin Wardola Becomes Leader of the Opposition''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s75.html#p223508</ref>. This leadership change rippled in the [[ |
Walter Johannes successor Berowalt Ase accused his party of a 'witch hunt' after being forced to resign for alleged continuous racism, being succeeded by [[Benjamin Wardola]]<ref>[[MBC]], 12th February 2020. ''Benjamin Wardola Becomes Leader of the Opposition''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s75.html#p223508</ref>. This leadership change rippled in the [[Civic Party (MBE)|Civic Party]] <ref>[[MBC]], 4th March 2020. ''It Has Been Too Long, Civic Party Says''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s75.html#p225027</ref> and its leader Paddy Lukamortz was replaced by [[Osbourne Saudaran]] in the 2020 MBE Democrats Leadership Election<ref>[[MBC]], 13th April 2020. ''Eliminations in the Democrat Leadership Election''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s75.html#p226733</ref><ref>[[MBC]], 10th May 2020. ''Victory for Saudaran''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s75.html#p228468</ref>. |
||
In May 2020, Great Morstaybishlia joined the The Anti-Alyunthian Coalition, and participated in open political isolation against [[Alyunthia]], but unlike the lead member [[Rodenia]] who had declared hostilities, Great Morstaybishlia decided to remain neutral. |
In May 2020, Great Morstaybishlia joined the The Anti-Alyunthian Coalition, and participated in open political isolation against [[Alyunthia]], but unlike the lead member [[Rodenia]] who had declared hostilities, Great Morstaybishlia decided to remain neutral. |
||
Line 442: | Line 390: | ||
In the defence of peace, Great Morstaybishlia, [[Meremaa]] and [[Norgsveldet]] signed the Riberoe Pact<ref>[[MBC]], 19th May 2020. ''Riberoe Talks a Success''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s75.html#p229172</ref>, a non-aggression treaty over the tensions in the territorial waters of Meremaa and [[Dalmaghar]] that have existed since the Meremaa Civil War. |
In the defence of peace, Great Morstaybishlia, [[Meremaa]] and [[Norgsveldet]] signed the Riberoe Pact<ref>[[MBC]], 19th May 2020. ''Riberoe Talks a Success''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s75.html#p229172</ref>, a non-aggression treaty over the tensions in the territorial waters of Meremaa and [[Dalmaghar]] that have existed since the Meremaa Civil War. |
||
On 25 June 2020 |
On 25 June 2020 High Elderthane Franklin Barvata made a speech advocating de-escalating Arcturia<ref>[[MBC]], 25th June 2020. ''Barvata's Speech''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s75.html#p231546</ref> after large political blocs including the [[Union of Commonwealth Alliances|UCA]] and [[League of Novaris|LN]] condemned [[Rodenia]] for their [[2020 Puntalia Military Intervention|military intervention into Puntalia]]. The Morstaybishlian Government deployed the Home Fleet to Lambombay Naval Base, [[Nevez Kaltariezh]]; a 200 vessel strong [[Wikipedia:Theater (warfare)|theater-level]] component command led by aircraft carrier MBS ''Glasgore'' to provide humanitarian aid and to promote de-escalation with their presence<ref>[[MBC]], 25th June 2020. ''Great Morstaybishlia Deploys the Home Fleet''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s75.html#p231546</ref><ref>Government Statement, 25th June 2020. ''Our Response to Rodenia''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/the-puntalian-takeover-t17235.html#p231732</ref>. A day later the home fleet was split into three. MBS ''Jarsdel'' was sent to lead a force to the west coast of Rodenia, MBS ''Sinkasa'' was sent with a group to the east coast and MBS ''Glasgore'' led a group on the north coast<ref>[[MBC]], 29th June 2020. ''Great Morstaybishlia Moves its Fleet''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s75.html#p231744</ref>. Barvata scrutinised Prime Minister [[Johanna Sverdrup]] of Norgsveldet for her “lack of professionalism and cooperation” following a telephone conversation between the two where he tried to establish meaningful cooperation and to de-escalate and overcome the tensions in Arcturia<ref>[[MBC]], 29th June 2020. ''Sverdrup: "Unreasonable"''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s75.html#p231744</ref><ref>Released Cabinet Minutes, 29th June 2020. ''Barvata Discusses Conservation with Norgsveltian prime minister''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/the-puntalian-takeover-t17235-s15.html#p231742</ref>. Barvata reached out to [[Packilvania]] for support in blockading the naval maritime border between a UCA coalition and Rodenia<ref>[[MBC]], 1st July 2020. ''Unprecedented Moves''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s90.html#p231879</ref><ref>Released Cabinet Minutes, 30th June 2020. ''Barvata addresses Cabinet on his communique with Empress Noi of Packilvania''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s90.html#p231879</ref>. The addition of Packilvania alongside Great Morstaybishlia plateaued rising troop deployment from the UCA. |
||
On 10 July 2020 Great Morstaybishlia hosted a conference of nation states involved in the Puntalian Crisis. The 2020 PCT Sani Bursil Summit saw the end of hostilities from Rodenia, the |
On 10 July 2020 Great Morstaybishlia hosted a conference of nation states involved in the Puntalian Crisis. The 2020 PCT Sani Bursil Summit saw the end of hostilities from Rodenia, the UCA with the Puntalian Cooperation Council (PCC) erected to maintain the clauses of the [[Puntalian Compromise Treaty]]. In accordance to the clauses laid out in the treaty, Great Morstaybishlia and Packilvania ended its maritime occupation and blockade to prevent an outbreak of war between nations involved. Great Morstaybishlia was a listed member of the Puntalian Cooperation Council and will lead in the establishment of PCC military installations in both New Puntalia and Puntalia. |
||
[[File:Fort Nocturne riot 1.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Violent protests against the Black Alert restrictions in West Noctana, Fort Nocturne]] |
[[File:Fort Nocturne riot 1.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Violent protests against the Black Alert restrictions in West Noctana, Fort Nocturne.]] |
||
Terrorists co-ordinated two attacks that took place on 24 July 2020 in Barbarus and Jomsgord Provinces, |
Terrorists co-ordinated two attacks that took place on 24 July 2020 in Barbarus and Jomsgord Provinces, Kaltariezh, Great Morstaybishlia. Beginning at 08:36, one Khadgar tank operated by terrorists alongside 37 terrorists shot and blew up the side of the Barbarus police headquarters building before committing a mass shooting. At 9:06 another tank and gunmen committed a second mass shooting on the Khauser police headquarters. Both mass shootings resulted in a standoff with police. 67 civilians were killed and another 71 injured. 67 of the suspected 81 attackers were killed. Since the attacks, nobody has taken responsibility. High Elderthane Franklin Barvata initiated a state of emergency which was declared across Great Morstaybishlia to help fight terrorism, involving the banning of public demonstrations, and allowing the police to carry out searches without a warrant, put anyone under house arrest without trial and block websites that encouraged acts of terrorism. Calthia, Laulia, Aurus, Barbarus, Jomsgord provinces of Kaltariezh were put on Black Alert with a curfew of 21:00, football matches and pubs were also closed and non-essential travel became prohibited. The [[July 2020 Kaltariezh attacks]] were the deadliest in Great Morstaybishlia since the Auroran Imperial War. |
||
A day later, [[2020 Nocturne riots|violent riots in major cities of Nocturne Province]] began in Fort Nocturne against the military presence and changes implemented following the terror attacks. The rioting escalated into over twenty minutes of armed conflict between the join occupying police and military presence and freedom fighters, claiming the lives of six police, two soldiers and 29 freedom fighters. Immediately following the conflict the |
A day later, [[2020 Nocturne riots|violent riots in major cities of Nocturne Province]] began in Fort Nocturne against the military presence and changes implemented following the terror attacks. The rioting escalated into over twenty minutes of armed conflict between the join occupying police and military presence and freedom fighters, claiming the lives of six police, two soldiers and 29 freedom fighters. Immediately following the conflict the high elderthane tightened restrictions but rioting, arson, looting and other violent crimes ensued continuously for another four days, until 29 July. Since then, rioting has continued but more sporadically and no engagements between armed forces and freedom fighters have occured. |
||
The [[August 2020 |
The [[August 2020 Kaltariezh police attack]] saw a drone bomb attack into a meeting of chief constables in Kola House, Nocturne provincial police headquarters, eastern Kaltariezh, Great Morstaybishlia; that happened at 14:05 and claimed the lives of six chief constables, one deputy chief constable and one site engineer. No one has claimed responsibility for the attack, although in a nation addressed High Elderthane Franklin Barvata insisted that the same group responsible for the July 2020 Kaltariezh attacks are to blame. |
||
The |
The high elderthane denied a proposed independence referendum by FP [[Berinter Fokes]] for the city of Aegis in Valeria that was set out in a clause of the Aegis Area Agreement of 1975 and 1977. The Supreme Court of Great Morstaybishlia ruled his denial of the clause unlawful. The high elderthane flew to Andel, the capital of Axdel and conferred with President Diego Corbinn where they ruled out the clause as void due to the clause not bring brought over from signatory state of Noroist Axdel to Axdel, due to the nature of the transition. After the high elderthane's address, many South Staynish Progress FPs organised a faction within the party, known as Valerian Progress, which would fight for better representation for the constituent country and for a more appropriate national identity. The Valeria Elderthane [[Nellie Hermin]] resigned and conveyed a public speech to millions of viewers, prompting for the resignation of the high elderthane. |
||
On 9 March 2021, four coordinated terrorist attacks and a fifth foiled attack occurred in [[Joralesia]] between 13:03 and 13:39. Including two perpetrators, 354 people died and 881 were injured, 109 of which critically<ref>[[MBC]], 9th March 2021. ''Joralesian Terror Attack Worse in its History''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s120.html#p243403</ref>. [[Vothetria|Vothetrian]] [[Prime Ministers of Vothetria|Prime Minister]] [[Clauzia Sarohart]] was a victim of the second bombing. The |
On 9 March 2021, four coordinated terrorist attacks and a fifth foiled attack occurred in [[Joralesia]] between 13:03 and 13:39. Including two perpetrators, 354 people died and 881 were injured, 109 of which critically<ref>[[MBC]], 9th March 2021. ''Joralesian Terror Attack Worse in its History''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s120.html#p243403</ref>. [[Vothetria|Vothetrian]] [[Prime Ministers of Vothetria|Prime Minister]] [[Clauzia Sarohart]] was a victim of the second bombing. The high elderthane called a [[TRIDENT]] meeting and initiated Black Alert over all Joralesia, which was given Royal Assent at 04:00 on 10 March, three hours after the attack (as Sani Bursil is twelve time zones in front). The [[2021 Joralesian attacks]] were later discovered to be conducted by members of the Ravenspaw and Greypike cartels, two listed terrorist organisations. By evening on the same day of the attacks, [[2021 Joralesian riots|protests and later riots]] throughout Joralesian cities took place. |
||
In |
In the Folks, the high elderthane attempted to amend the Anti-Terrorism Act, passed controversially in 2020 to give amnesty to actions taken by Joralesian police, including unsanctioned arrests for anyone affiliated with the ongoing protests. This was met with heavy criticism across the House and the amendment historically failed, with three Cabinet members voting against the government. Barvata refrained from forcing their resignations against convention. Barvata called for and the House voted on an early general election, which failed. When the House voted on a second amendment to the Act, it failed by two votes, leading to Barvata circumnavigating the Fixed-terms Sammings Act of 1999 which requires a two-thirds supermajority in order for an election to take place by passing the Early Sammings General Election Act 2021, which only required fifty percent<ref>[[MBC]], 9th March 2021. ''Early Election Bill Passes Folks''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s120.html#p243440</ref>. [[Lambertus VII|King Lambertus VII]] gave Royal Assent to the Early Sammings General Election Act 2021 on the afternoon of 10 March 2021 and the samming dissolved at 00:01 on 11 March 2021<ref>[[MBC]], 10th March 2021. ''King Lambertus VII Gives Election Act Royal Assent''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s120.html#p243473</ref>. |
||
The [[2021 Great Morstaybishlia General Election|general election]] was the first in 23 years to result in a hung |
The [[2021 Great Morstaybishlia General Election|general election]] was the first in 23 years to result in a hung samming<ref>[[MBC]], 1st April 2021. ''Barvata Retains Office, But Only Just''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s120.html#p244223</ref>. The abstentionist [[Marislian Independence Party]] had its greatest ever victory. Progress remained in power after forming a minority government with inner-party agreements with the Valerian Progress faction. Two days later, MARIP leader [[Romilda von Anzitter]] forwarded a strong demand for independence live on MBC. |
||
== Geography == |
== Geography == |
||
[[File:Jan 2021 MBE big boi proof.jpg|right|thumb|400px|Map showing the Morstaybishlian Empire at its territorial maximum, with former territories, protectorates and other forms of governance in light green and text in red, and the current formulation in dark green with text in black]] |
[[File:Jan 2021 MBE big boi proof.jpg|right|thumb|400px|Map showing the Morstaybishlian Empire at its territorial maximum, with former territories, protectorates and other forms of governance in light green and text in red, and the current formulation in dark green with text in black.]] |
||
Great Morstaybishlia has an area of 5,940,250km² (or 2,293,542 square miles). The mainland part of Great Morstaybishlia is made up of Staynes, |
Great Morstaybishlia has an area of 5,940,250km² (or 2,293,542 square miles). The mainland part of Great Morstaybishlia is made up of Staynes, Kaltariezh and Valeria which are collectively referred to as Morstaybishlia. Jusdelva is an archipelago located in the Caven Sea that forms the metropolitan part of the Great Morstaybishlia along with Morstaybishlia. This article will refer to the metropolitan part of the MBE unless it specifically refers to one, some or all of its numerous overseas territories. |
||
Great Morstaybishlia is the third biggest nation and largest transcontinental empire on Urth. At its height, it was the largest nation |
Great Morstaybishlia is the third biggest nation and largest transcontinental empire on Urth. At its height, it was the largest nation on the planet. It has a diverse range of ecosystems. Its metropolitan area goes through five timezones. |
||
[[File:Mount Kersivius.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Mount Kersivius is the tallest mountain in Aurora at 7,405 m]] |
[[File:Mount Kersivius.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Mount Kersivius is the tallest mountain in Aurora at 7,405 m.]] |
||
The average elevation is 845 m (or 2772 ft). The highest elevation is the summit of [[Zycannes#Mount Kersivius|Mount Kersivius]] which is 7,405 m (or 24,294 ft). The lowest elevation is the Nepiditras Depression in |
The average elevation is 845 m (or 2772 ft). The highest elevation is the summit of [[Zycannes#Mount Kersivius|Mount Kersivius]] which is 7,405 m (or 24,294 ft). The lowest elevation is the Nepiditras Depression in Kaltariezh (at 79 m below sea level). The longest river is Stayn River with a length of 5,216 km (or 3241 miles). The largest lake by surface area is Morsa Lake with an area of 129,850 km² (or 50,135 square miles). It is the second largest lake by surface area on [[Urth]]. |
||
The geology of |
The geology of Jusdelva and Morstaybishlia are different. Jusdelva was formed from volcanic activity and as such it has igneous rock with a base of basalt rock. Morstaybishlia has sedimentary rock with high amount of metals such as iron, aluminium and silicate minerals, precious metals such as silver, rhodium, palladium, platinum and gold, semi precious and precious stones such as sapphire, ruby, garnet, emerald and red beryl, and fossil fuels such as petroleum, natural gas and coal. |
||
===Biodiversity and environment=== |
===Biodiversity and environment=== |
||
Line 485: | Line 433: | ||
| footer = Flizon rainforest (left), inside the Jubrione evergreen rainforest (right) |
| footer = Flizon rainforest (left), inside the Jubrione evergreen rainforest (right) |
||
| footer_align = left |
| footer_align = left |
||
}} |
|||
}}{{multiple image |
|||
Great Morstaybishlia as a whole comprises largely varying [[wikipedia:Ecosystem|ecosystems]]. Jusdelva has an entirely [[wikipedia:tropical climate|tropical climate]] and over 65% of the land is made up by the Flizon rainforest. The Flizon is recognised as being one of the greatest biological diversity sites in the world and is a lot more species rich than the Jubrione evergreen rainforest despite its higher level of biodiversity to other evergreen rainforests, caused by large annual rainfall from Morsa Lake which extends all the way to the Agners mountains and the Staynes-Kaltariezh border. |
|||
| align = right |
|||
Small regions of [[Wikipedia:Moorland|Moorlands]] and the [[Wikipedia:Gran Sabana|Great Savanna]] form a natural barrier around the Jubrione evergreen rainforest to the temperate deciduous forests in Staynes. The Great Savanna offers one of the most unusual landscapes in the world, with rivers, waterfalls and gorges, deep and vast valleys, impenetrable jungles and savannahs that host large numbers and varieties of plant species, a diverse fauna and the isolated table-top [[Wikipedia:Mesa|mesas]]. The Great Savanna extends all the way from the western Staynish coast to the centre-north Kaltariz coast, though it is split into western and eastern regions. Much of it has been turned into agriculture or settlement by humans over millennia, though considerable amounts have been protected as national parks today. |
|||
{{multiple image |
|||
| align = left |
|||
| direction = horizontal |
| direction = horizontal |
||
| image1 = Northern Arizona Desert.jpg |
| image1 = Northern Arizona Desert.jpg |
||
Line 498: | Line 450: | ||
| footer_align = left |
| footer_align = left |
||
}} |
}} |
||
Great Morstaybishlia as a whole comprises largely varying [[wikipedia:Ecosystem|ecosystems]]. Justelvard has an entirely [[wikipedia:tropical climate|tropical climate]] and over 65% of the land is made up by the Flizon rainforest. The Flizon is recognised as being one of the greatest biological diversity sites in the world and is a lot more species rich than the Jubrione evergreen rainforest despite its higher level of biodiversity to other evergreen rainforests, caused by large annual rainfall from Morsa Lake which extends all the way to the Agners mountains and the Staynes-Caltharus border. |
|||
Small regions of [[Wikipedia:Moorland|Moorlands]] and the [[Wikipedia:Gran Sabana|Great Savanna]] form a natural barrier around the Jubrione evergreen rainforest to the temperate deciduous forests in Staynes. The Great Savanna offers one of the most unusual landscapes in the world, with rivers, waterfalls and gorges, deep and vast valleys, impenetrable jungles and savannahs that host large numbers and varieties of plant species, a diverse fauna and the isolated table-top [[Wikipedia:Mesa|mesas]]. The Great Savanna extends all the way from the western Staynish coast to the centre-north Caltharusian coast, though it is split into western and eastern regions. Much of it has been turned into agriculture or settlement by humans over millennia, though considerable amounts have been protected as national parks today. |
|||
Much of the Horkalic, and some of the Redrugan Provinces make up the Horkalic Basin; a large shallow inland sea. If present today, it would completely isolate over half of Horkalo from continental Aurora. Today though it acts as a drainage basin for multiple large rivers including the longest Staynish river the Anker to the West Sea. The Staynish interior including the Horkalic Basin also has areas of seasonal wetlands and large deposits of crude oil from ancient marine organisms of the former Maltervenic Sea. The northern regions of the basin, and a large part of the north-west coast are made of mangrove swamps. |
Much of the Horkalic, and some of the Redrugan Provinces make up the Horkalic Basin; a large shallow inland sea. If present today, it would completely isolate over half of Horkalo from continental Aurora. Today though it acts as a drainage basin for multiple large rivers including the longest Staynish river the Anker to the West Sea. The Staynish interior including the Horkalic Basin also has areas of seasonal wetlands and large deposits of crude oil from ancient marine organisms of the former Maltervenic Sea. The northern regions of the basin, and a large part of the north-west coast are made of mangrove swamps. |
||
[[File:Rolling hills of the South Staynish countryside.jpg| |
[[File:Rolling hills of the South Staynish countryside.jpg|right|thumb|180px|Rolling green hills, a common sight across varying regions of Morstaybishlia.]] |
||
The [[Zycannes]] is one of the worlds largest mountain ranges by area, the largest on [[Aurora]], and is the worlds longest. The mountains form the natural border between several nations, including Staynes and Valeria to an extent. Staynes and a small region of Valeria that is north of the mountain range is on the windward side and sees luscious vegetative growth whilst Valeria is on the leeward side and is a long belt hot semi-arid land which makes up the Sperran Desert. There are two mountain ranges adjacent to the Zycannes; the Burren mountains and the Oesan mountains. Between the Burren and Zycannes there's a [[wikipedia:Semi-arid climate|semi-arid]] region known as the Jersian Desert and between the Oesan and Zycannes there's a small semi-arid region called the Oeser Desert. |
|||
[[File:Zycannes.jpg|right|thumb|200px|An aerial view of a region of the Zycannes]] |
|||
The [[Zycannes]] is one of the worlds largest mountain ranges by area, the largest on [[Aurora]], and is the worlds longest. The mountains form the natural border between several nations, including Staynes and South Staynes to an extent. Staynes and a small region of South Staynes that is north of the mountain range is on the windward side and sees luscious vegetative growth whilst South Staynes is on the leeward side and is a long belt hot semi-arid land which makes up the Sperran Desert. There are two mountain ranges adjacent to the Zycannes; the Burren mountains and the Oesan mountains. Between the Burren and Zycannes there's a [[wikipedia:Semi-arid climate|semi-arid]] region known as the Jersian Desert and between the Oesan and Zycannes there's a small semi-arid region called the Oeser Desert. |
|||
Within the [[Wikipedia:Semi-arid climate#Hot semi-arid climates|hot semi-arid climate]] of the Sperran Desert lies a small belt of cold desert climate that forms a boundary. |
Within the [[Wikipedia:Semi-arid climate#Hot semi-arid climates|hot semi-arid climate]] of the Sperran Desert lies a small belt of cold desert climate that forms a boundary. Valeria experiences a mixture of [[wikipedia:Temperate coniferous forest|temperate coniferous forests]] and grasslands on relatively flat areas or rolling hills. The region south of the cold desert belt has a continental climate with cold winters and warm summers. |
||
[[File:Zycannes.jpg|left|thumb|180px|An aerial view of a region of the [[Zycannes]].]] |
|||
In part of being split by two mountain ranges, the Zycannes and the Kalivian mountains; Caltharus is split into three different regions. The north of the Zycannes is windward and hosts a mixture of temperate climates, present in the north and north west is an oceanic climate and closer to the Zycannes is a typical continental climate. Immediately below the Zycannes is a narrow belt of cold desert called the Waron Desert and the Versuben mountains which connects to the Zycannes in two places and forms a segregated low area of hot arid land known as the Versubish Desert. Between the Waron Desert and the Kalivian mountains there are areas of large precipitation and thus forms a large wet temperate forest region. North of the Kalivian mountains is windward and south of the mountains is leeward, giving the provinces of Nocturne and some of Barbarus and Jomsgord a mixture of steppe and a semi-arid deserts. |
|||
In part of being split by two mountain ranges, the Zycannes and the Kalivian mountains; Kaltariezh is split into three different regions. The north of the Zycannes is windward and hosts a mixture of temperate climates, present in the north and north west is an oceanic climate and closer to the Zycannes is a typical continental climate. Immediately below the Zycannes is a narrow belt of cold desert called the Waron Desert and the Versuben mountains which connects to the Zycannes in two places and forms a segregated low area of hot arid land known as the Versubish Desert. Between the Waron Desert and the Kalivian mountains there are areas of large precipitation and thus forms a large wet temperate forest region. North of the Kalivian mountains is windward and south of the mountains is leeward, giving the provinces of Nocturne and some of Barbarus and Jomsgord a mixture of steppe and a semi-arid deserts. |
|||
In the seas surrounding Great Morstaybishlia, |
In the seas surrounding Great Morstaybishlia, Jusdelva is host to some 25 [[Wikipedia:Deep-water coral|deep-water corals]] primarily in the Western Outliers Province but also in the Dorghold Islands chain between Sinerus Island and Varness. The largest deep-water corals are Pannagar corals which extends over a length of about 43 kilometers (27 mi), and has a width of up to 6.9 kilometers (4.3 mi) and Kenure corals which extends over a length of about 31 kilometers (19.2 mi), and has a width of up to 5 kilometers (3.1 mi). The deep-water corals belong to the [[Wikipedia:Cnidaria|Phylum Cnidaria]] and are mostly [[Wikipedia:Scleractinia|stony corals]], but also include [[Wikipedia:Antipatharians|black and horny corals]]. The black and horny corals aren't present in the 4 deep-water corals off the coast Kaltariezh and Staynes respectively. Off the coast of Valeria and encompassing most of the continental waters in the Azure Sea lies a [[wikipedia:Kelp forest|kelp forest]]. |
||
[[File:Kukenan Roraima GS.jpg|thumb|1000px|center|View of the [[Wikipedia:Tepui|table-top mountains]], Mount Bedwis (left) and Mount Derstall, in the Great Savanna, Horkalic Basin National Park. The meanings of Mount Bedwis is believed to come from the [[Wikipedia:Old English|Old Staynic]] word 'beódwist', meaning 'where food was placed on'; Mount Derstall derives from Old Staynic and means 'the chair which Thaer sits' from the word 'Đær' and 'stol'.]] |
[[File:Kukenan Roraima GS.jpg|thumb|1000px|center|View of the [[Wikipedia:Tepui|table-top mountains]], Mount Bedwis (left) and Mount Derstall, in the Great Savanna, Horkalic Basin National Park. The meanings of Mount Bedwis is believed to come from the [[Wikipedia:Old English|Old Staynic]] word 'beódwist', meaning 'where food was placed on'; Mount Derstall derives from Old Staynic and means 'the chair which Thaer sits' from the word 'Đær' and 'stol'.]] |
||
===Flora=== |
===Flora=== |
||
[[File:VanHornTX 2008.jpg|right|thumb|220px|Typical shrubland in the Sperran Desert.]] |
[[File:VanHornTX 2008.jpg|right|thumb|220px|Typical shrubland in the Sperran Desert.]] |
||
[[File:Horkalo coast.jpg|right|thumb|230px|[[Wikipedia:Armeria maritima|Sea thrift]], a pink flowering plant that grows on the north Staynish coast]] |
[[File:Horkalo coast.jpg|right|thumb|230px|[[Wikipedia:Armeria maritima|Sea thrift]], a pink flowering plant that grows on the north Staynish coast.]] |
||
Metropolitan Morstaybishlia is divided into three regions that vary dramatically in climate and soils, though it is largely temperate, oceanic, monsoon and semi-arid; these regions are divided by the Zycannes which due to the tundra climate is widely inhospitable, though the wetlands and foothills host over 20 percent of all Morstaybishlian flora species, including 411 [[Wikipedia:Flowering plant|angiosperm]], 5 [[Wikipedia:Gymnosperm|gymnosperm]] and 15 [[Wikipedia:Fern|fern]] species. |
Metropolitan Morstaybishlia is divided into three regions that vary dramatically in climate and soils, though it is largely temperate, oceanic, monsoon and semi-arid; these regions are divided by the Zycannes which due to the tundra climate is widely inhospitable, though the wetlands and foothills host over 20 percent of all Morstaybishlian flora species, including 411 [[Wikipedia:Flowering plant|angiosperm]], 5 [[Wikipedia:Gymnosperm|gymnosperm]] and 15 [[Wikipedia:Fern|fern]] species. |
||
Staynes and |
Staynes and Kaltariezh make up the Morstia region as their climates, flora and fauna are very dissimilar. The Morstia region hosts the most plant species in metropolitan Morstaybishlia. The Jubrione evergreen rainforest is a deciduous [[Wikipedia:Broad-leaved tree|broadleaf]], wet, high diversity rainforest; and as such contains over 50 percent of all plant species in metropolitan Morstaybishlia. The [[Wikipedia:Maple|Maple]] is found in the Jubrione and is Morstaybishlia's national tree; it has since been exported around the world through the [[Morstaybishlian Empire]]. Although a broad leaf forest, [[Wikipedia:Coniferous|coniferous]] trees make up over ten percent and are invasive, non-native species introduced from Gondwana in the 16th and 17th centuries. |
||
[[File:Maple tree of MORST.jpg|left|thumb|220px|Maple tree, the national tree of Morstaybishlia.]] |
[[File:Maple tree of MORST.jpg|left|thumb|220px|Maple tree, the national tree of Morstaybishlia.]] |
||
[[File:Deep-water corals Western Outliers Province.jpg|left|thumb|220px|Pannagar Deep-water coral found off the coast of Turtle Shoal in the |
[[File:Deep-water corals Western Outliers Province.jpg|left|thumb|220px|Pannagar Deep-water coral found off the coast of Turtle Shoal in the Eastern Outliers Province, Jusdelva .]] |
||
The rest of Morstia is typically inhabited by deciduous forest, plains and moorland with a diverse pattern of vegetation. As with most of Aurora, prehistoric Morstaybishlia was covered with forest and swamp. Clearing began around 5,000 BCE and accelerated in medieval times. Despite this, Morstaybishlia retained its primeval forests and evergreen rainforest longer than most of Aurora due to its size, and wood shortages were not a problem until the 17th century. By the 18th century, around 50 percent of Morstaybishlian forests were consumed for shipbuilding or manufacturing charcoal and the nation was forced to import lumber from Arcturia. Today, most forest land in Morstaybishlia is maintained by state forestation programmes. Almost all land outside urban areas is farmland. However, relatively large areas of forest remain in north and south-west Staynes, north |
The rest of Morstia is typically inhabited by deciduous forest, plains and moorland with a diverse pattern of vegetation. As with most of Aurora, prehistoric Morstaybishlia was covered with forest and swamp. Clearing began around 5,000 BCE and accelerated in medieval times. Despite this, Morstaybishlia retained its primeval forests and evergreen rainforest longer than most of Aurora due to its size, and wood shortages were not a problem until the 17th century. By the 18th century, around 50 percent of Morstaybishlian forests were consumed for shipbuilding or manufacturing charcoal and the nation was forced to import lumber from Arcturia. Today, most forest land in Morstaybishlia is maintained by state forestation programmes. Almost all land outside urban areas is farmland. However, relatively large areas of forest remain in north and south-west Staynes, north Kaltariezh and south-eastern Valeria. The most common trees in Morstaybishlia are beech, silver birch, elm and pedunculate oak. Natural forests in Morstaybishlia consist mainly of Maple or Oak. Farmland hosts a variety of semi-natural vegetation of grasses and flowering plants. Woods, hedgerows, mountain slopes and marshes host heather, wild grasses, gorse and bracken. Morstaybishlia has several national flowers, including the Hydrangea, Daffodil and the Morst Rose. |
||
Valeria consists primarily of semi-arid desert, oceanic and temperate. The [[Wikipedia:Larrea tridentata|creosote bush]] is the dominant plant species on gravelly and occasional sandy soils in valley areas within the Sperran Desert. The other species creosote bush is found with depend on factors including the soil type, elevation, and degree of slope. Desert or arid grasslands comprise 20% of this desert and are often mosaics of shrubs and grasses, the most famous of which is the [[Wikipedia:Aristida purpurea|purple three-awn]]. |
|||
Jusdelva is rich and varied, with habitats ranging from tidal swamps at sea level to alpine conditions. In low-lying coastal areas, various species of mangroves form the main vegetation, together with the beautiful casuarina, sago, and palm. Most of the country is covered by tropical and savanna rain forest, in which valuable trees such as kwila and cedar are found. Orchids, lilies, ferns, and creepers abound in the rain forests. There are large stands of pine at elevations of 910 to 1,220 m (3,000–4,000 ft). At the highest altitudes, mosses, lichens, and other alpine flora prevail. |
|||
===Fauna=== |
===Fauna=== |
||
[[File:Auroran Jaguar 1.jpg|right|thumb|275px|The [[Wikipedia:North American jaguar|Auroran jaguar]] is the [[Wikipedia:National animal|national animal]] of Great Morstaybishlia. The Auroran jaguar's range includes all of the Jubrione National Park and several national parks in northern |
[[File:Auroran Jaguar 1.jpg|right|thumb|275px|The [[Wikipedia:North American jaguar|Auroran jaguar]] is the [[Wikipedia:National animal|national animal]] of Great Morstaybishlia. The Auroran jaguar's range includes all of the Jubrione National Park and several national parks in northern Kaltariezh.]] |
||
The fauna of Morstaybishlia has many endemic species found nowhere else on Urth. Morstaybishlia shares a great deal of its fauna with the rest of the Auroran continent. An estimated 360 species of mammals characterize the fauna of the continental MBE. There are more than 600 species of bird and more than 65,000 species of insects. There are 272 known reptiles, 222 amphibians and 953 known fish species. |
The fauna of Morstaybishlia has many endemic species found nowhere else on Urth. Morstaybishlia shares a great deal of its fauna with the rest of the Auroran continent. An estimated 360 species of mammals characterize the fauna of the continental MBE. There are more than 600 species of bird and more than 65,000 species of insects. There are 272 known reptiles, 222 amphibians and 953 known fish species. |
||
Jusdelva comprises a much smaller land area within the MBE, yet supports nearly an equal percentage of biodiversity, and constitutes nearly 5 percent of the recognised world vertebrates; ranging from an estimated 3 percent of the world's lizards and mammals to about 8 percent of the world's fish species. |
|||
[[File:Green-billed toucan (Justelvard).jpg|left|thumb|200px|[[Wikipedia:Green-billed toucan|Green-billed toucan]], the national bird of |
[[File:Green-billed toucan (Justelvard).jpg|left|thumb|200px|[[Wikipedia:Green-billed toucan|Green-billed toucan]], the national bird of Jusdelva found throughout the Flizon rainforest.]] |
||
There are animals that exist in all of the continental Morstaybishlia; some of which includes the [[Wikipedia:Eurasian sparrowhawk|Yastaurian sparrowhawk]], the [[Wikipedia:Common kestrel|common kestrel]], the [[Wikipedia:Stoat|Auroran stoat]], [[Wikipedia:European rabbit|Auroran rabbit]], [[Wikipedia:Wild boar|wild boar]], [[Wikipedia:Black rat|black rat]], [[Wikipedia:Pantherophis obsoletus|black rat snake]], [[Wikipedia:European common frog|Auroran common frog]] and [[Wikipedia:Steatoda nobilis|noble false widow]]. However, generally it is split similarly to the flora regions; that is the Morstia, Abergwerin, Valerian, Jubrione and Marislian regions. |
There are animals that exist in all of the continental Morstaybishlia; some of which includes the [[Wikipedia:Eurasian sparrowhawk|Yastaurian sparrowhawk]], the [[Wikipedia:Common kestrel|common kestrel]], the [[Wikipedia:Stoat|Auroran stoat]], [[Wikipedia:European rabbit|Auroran rabbit]], [[Wikipedia:Wild boar|wild boar]], [[Wikipedia:Black rat|black rat]], [[Wikipedia:Pantherophis obsoletus|black rat snake]], [[Wikipedia:European common frog|Auroran common frog]] and [[Wikipedia:Steatoda nobilis|noble false widow]]. However, generally it is split similarly to the flora regions; that is the Morstia, Abergwerin, Valerian, Jubrione and Marislian regions. |
||
Line 543: | Line 492: | ||
====Abergwerin==== |
====Abergwerin==== |
||
Of the native fauna to Abergwerin perhaps the most notable are the [[Wikipedia: Wild boar | Wild boars]], hunting of whom was a common manhood ritual amongst early |
Of the native fauna to Abergwerin perhaps the most notable are the [[Wikipedia: Wild boar | Wild boars]], hunting of whom was a common manhood ritual amongst early Kaltian societies. Though now days surpassed by the Kalt Lion in cultural importance, in the Kingdoms of Calthia and Laulia it was a common theme in crests and flags. |
||
Another notable part of Abergwerin Fauna is the |
Another notable part of Abergwerin Fauna is the Kalt Puma, nicknamed [[Wikipedia: Cougar | Kalt lion]], which in turn is found in so many Calhtarusian symbols. The Kalt Puma along with black bears is often considered the apex predator of the Abergwerin area. Though other notable predators include the [[Wikipedia:Eurasian lynx | Dotted Kalt lion]] and the wolf. Biologists have for years advocated for years for changing the common name of the dotted Kalt lion, because it is based on a centuries old misunderstanding that thought it was much closer than the actual Kalt lion, but so far the name has stuck |
||
Abergwerin is home ot numerous snake species that populate it’s beaches and forrest. Luckily for the population however, most of the snakes while numerous are not deadly venomous, a dubious honour which goes only to the [[Wikipedia: Forest cobra | Forest Devil]] and the [[Wikipedia: Western Green Mamba | Green Viper]] species. Notably both of the species only bite in self defense, but are easily aggravated resulting in a large number of bites, especially to unwary hikers, each year. |
Abergwerin is home ot numerous snake species that populate it’s beaches and forrest. Luckily for the population however, most of the snakes while numerous are not deadly venomous, a dubious honour which goes only to the [[Wikipedia: Forest cobra | Forest Devil]] and the [[Wikipedia: Western Green Mamba | Green Viper]] species. Notably both of the species only bite in self defense, but are easily aggravated resulting in a large number of bites, especially to unwary hikers, each year. |
||
Line 552: | Line 501: | ||
[[File:Common buzzard.jpg|left|thumb|170px|A perched [[Wikipedia:Common buzzard|common buzzard]].]] |
[[File:Common buzzard.jpg|left|thumb|170px|A perched [[Wikipedia:Common buzzard|common buzzard]].]] |
||
[[File:Velvet Red Deer 1.jpg|right|thumb|225px|The [[Wikipedia:Red deer|velvet red deer]] is widespread through the Morstia region.]] |
[[File:Velvet Red Deer 1.jpg|right|thumb|225px|The [[Wikipedia:Red deer|velvet red deer]] is widespread through the Morstia region.]] |
||
The ecoregions and ecology found in the Morstia region is extremely varied as it extends from the [[Molvian Corridor]] in the south-west to the border with Tivot and Blueacia in the north-east. The region has a diverse climate that influences the inhabiting fauna; a [[Wikipedia:Humid continental climate|humid continental climate]] in the southern provinces, a [[Wikipedia:Humid subtropical climate|humid subtropical climate]] in the middle provinces of mainly Staynes but also a small area of |
The ecoregions and ecology found in the Morstia region is extremely varied as it extends from the [[Molvian Corridor]] in the south-west to the border with Tivot and Blueacia in the north-east. The region has a diverse climate that influences the inhabiting fauna; a [[Wikipedia:Humid continental climate|humid continental climate]] in the southern provinces, a [[Wikipedia:Humid subtropical climate|humid subtropical climate]] in the middle provinces of mainly Staynes but also a small area of Kaltariezh, and [[Wikipedia:Tropical wet and dry climate|tropical wet and dry climate]] in the north of Staynes and over 90 percent of the Morstia region in Kaltariezh. There are densely forested areas found in southern and central Staynes which have mostly species adapted to living in [[Wikipedia:Temperate climate|temperate climates]], while northern Staynes excluding the Jubrione region and all of Kaltariezh in this region have a fauna resembling its position in the subtropic and tropics. |
||
The western coast of Staynes varies from a warmer-to-colder climate from north to south. Several species live throughout the coast, though mostly avian and fish species such as the [[Wikipedia:Eurasian sparrowhawk|Yastaurian sparrowhawk]] which inhabits the Bolmertheton Isles and Montinay Island, but also the [[Wikipedia:Gray hawk|grey buzzard]], [[Wikipedia:Peruvian anchoveta|Auroran anchovy]], [[Wikipedia:Yellowfin tuna|yellowfin tuna]], [[Wikipedia:Black marlin|black marlin]], [[Wikipedia:Swordfish|swordfish]] and [[Wikipedia:Ornithoteuthis volatilis|shiny bird squid]]. In most of the Morstia region are various deer species like the [[Wikipedia:Red deer|velvet red deer]] and [[Wikipedia:Fallow deer|fallow deer]]; [[Wikipedia:Speckled ground squirrel|speckled ground squirrel]], [[Wikipedia:European badger|common badger]], [[Wikipedia:Red fox|red fox]], [[Wikipedia:Buzzard|buzzards]] and several species of snakes and lizards are common. |
The western coast of Staynes varies from a warmer-to-colder climate from north to south. Several species live throughout the coast, though mostly avian and fish species such as the [[Wikipedia:Eurasian sparrowhawk|Yastaurian sparrowhawk]] which inhabits the Bolmertheton Isles and Montinay Island, but also the [[Wikipedia:Gray hawk|grey buzzard]], [[Wikipedia:Peruvian anchoveta|Auroran anchovy]], [[Wikipedia:Yellowfin tuna|yellowfin tuna]], [[Wikipedia:Black marlin|black marlin]], [[Wikipedia:Swordfish|swordfish]] and [[Wikipedia:Ornithoteuthis volatilis|shiny bird squid]]. In most of the Morstia region are various deer species like the [[Wikipedia:Red deer|velvet red deer]] and [[Wikipedia:Fallow deer|fallow deer]]; [[Wikipedia:Speckled ground squirrel|speckled ground squirrel]], [[Wikipedia:European badger|common badger]], [[Wikipedia:Red fox|red fox]], [[Wikipedia:Buzzard|buzzards]] and several species of snakes and lizards are common. |
||
[[File:Morstaybishlian crocodile.jpg|left|thumb|120px|A Morstaybishlian crocodile leaping from the water.]] |
[[File:Morstaybishlian crocodile.jpg|left|thumb|120px|A Morstaybishlian crocodile leaping from the water.]] |
||
Many species of mega fauna and large carnivorous mammals that lived in the Morstian savanna have been hunted for their meats, skins and ivory, and many have been pushed to extinction as a result. The [[Wikipedia:Brown bear|brown bear]] once spanned all of northern Aurora but was hunted for its fur and because it was a dangerous predator; today it lives in pockets of the Morstian region across northern Staynes and |
Many species of mega fauna and large carnivorous mammals that lived in the Morstian savanna have been hunted for their meats, skins and ivory, and many have been pushed to extinction as a result. The [[Wikipedia:Brown bear|brown bear]] once spanned all of northern Aurora but was hunted for its fur and because it was a dangerous predator; today it lives in pockets of the Morstian region across northern Staynes and Kaltariezh. Some common species in the savanna include the [[Wikipedia:Myrmecophaga tridactyla|giant anteater]], [[Wikipedia:Priodontes maximus|giant armadillo]], [[Wikipedia:Leopardus pardalis|ocelot]], [[Wikipedia:Agouti paca|spotted paca]], [[Wikipedia:Pithecia pithecia|widow monkey]], [[Wikipedia:Rupicola rupicola|cock-of-the-rock]] and [[Wikipedia:Lachesis muta muta|tango pitviper]]. Many amphibians live in wet areas, including the [[Wikipedia:Bokermannohyla saxicola|golden belly frog]] and [[Wikipedia:Oreophrynella quelchii|black bumped toad]]. [[Wikipedia:Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris|Capybara]] are also found in the savanna and is the provincial animal of Horkalo and Jubliak. |
||
Along the north and west coastlines are several species of [[Wikipedia:Whale|whales]], [[Wikipedia:Sea otter|sea otters]], [[Wikipedia:Grey seal|grey seals]], and even the [[Wikipedia:Lesser flamingo|Morstian flamingo]]. |
Along the north and west coastlines are several species of [[Wikipedia:Whale|whales]], [[Wikipedia:Sea otter|sea otters]], [[Wikipedia:Grey seal|grey seals]], and even the [[Wikipedia:Lesser flamingo|Morstian flamingo]]. |
||
Line 640: | Line 589: | ||
The Jubrione region has many insect and terrestrial gastropod molluscs. The [[Wikipedia:Rasberry crazy ant|raspberry crazy ants]], [[Wikipedia:Longhorn crazy ant|longhorn crazy ants]] and [[Wikipedia:Fire ant|fire ants]] are widely distributed here. The Jubrione region has over six hundred [[Wikipedia:Bee|bee]] species, but only one of them make honey; the [[Wikipedia:Apis florea|red dwarf honey bee]], and is native across the rest of Aurora. [[Wikipedia:Banana slugs|banana slugs]], [[Wikipedia:Six-spotted tiger beetle|six-spotted tiger beetles]] and [[Wikipedia:Goldenrod soldier beetle|goldenrod soldier beetles]] are endemic to the Jubrione Rainforests. |
The Jubrione region has many insect and terrestrial gastropod molluscs. The [[Wikipedia:Rasberry crazy ant|raspberry crazy ants]], [[Wikipedia:Longhorn crazy ant|longhorn crazy ants]] and [[Wikipedia:Fire ant|fire ants]] are widely distributed here. The Jubrione region has over six hundred [[Wikipedia:Bee|bee]] species, but only one of them make honey; the [[Wikipedia:Apis florea|red dwarf honey bee]], and is native across the rest of Aurora. [[Wikipedia:Banana slugs|banana slugs]], [[Wikipedia:Six-spotted tiger beetle|six-spotted tiger beetles]] and [[Wikipedia:Goldenrod soldier beetle|goldenrod soldier beetles]] are endemic to the Jubrione Rainforests. |
||
==== |
====Jusdelva==== |
||
====Valerian==== |
====Valerian==== |
||
Line 646: | Line 595: | ||
====Zycannes==== |
====Zycannes==== |
||
[[File:Vicunga camelet.jpg|right|thumb|250px|[[Wikipedia:Vicuña|Zycuna]], an endemic member of the [[Wikipedia:Camelidae|camelid]] family, pictured in a salt pan in the [[Zycannes]].]] |
[[File:Vicunga camelet.jpg|right|thumb|250px|[[Wikipedia:Vicuña|Zycuna]], an endemic member of the [[Wikipedia:Camelidae|camelid]] family, pictured in a salt pan in the [[Zycannes]].]] |
||
The fauna of the Zycannes, the largest mountain range of Aurora that stretches across the Staynes- |
The fauna of the Zycannes, the largest mountain range of Aurora that stretches across the Staynes-Valeria border and divides northern and southern Aurora, is large and diverse, containing many different animal species. |
||
[[File:Andean_Condor_in_flight.jpg|left|thumb|200px|[[Wikipedia:Andean condor|Zycandean condor]] in flight.]] |
[[File:Andean_Condor_in_flight.jpg|left|thumb|200px|[[Wikipedia:Andean condor|Zycandean condor]] in flight.]] |
||
With almost a thousand species, of which roughly ⅔ are endemic to the region, the Zycannes are the most important region in the world for amphibians. The diversity of animals in the Zycannes is high, with almost 650 species of mammals (15 percent endemic), more than 1,800 species of bird (about 30 percent endemic), more than 650 species of reptiles (about 48 percent endemic) and 420 species of fish (around 35 percent endemic). |
With almost a thousand species, of which roughly ⅔ are endemic to the region, the Zycannes are the most important region in the world for amphibians. The diversity of animals in the Zycannes is high, with almost 650 species of mammals (15 percent endemic), more than 1,800 species of bird (about 30 percent endemic), more than 650 species of reptiles (about 48 percent endemic) and 420 species of fish (around 35 percent endemic). |
||
The [[Wikipedia:Vicuña|Zycuna]] can be found living in the Zycannes plateau, the widest part of the mountain range and are similar to camelids in |
The [[Wikipedia:Vicuña|Zycuna]] can be found living in the Zycannes plateau, the widest part of the mountain range and are similar to camelids in Cereneria and [[Gondwana]]. Few predators exist here, but those that do are the [[Wikipedia:Brown bear|brown bear]], [[Wikipedia:Andean cat|Zycannes cat]] and the [[Wikipedia:Yellow-throated marten|golden-throated marten]] - a widely distributed omnivore whose sources of food range from fruit and nectar to small deer; they also play an important role in local folklore and Zycandean culture. The nocturnal [[Wikipedia:Chinchilla|chinchillas]], two threatened members of the [[Wikipedia:Rodent|rodent]] order, inhabits the Zycannes' alpine regions and are widely domesticated. [[File:Tapirus_pinchaque_portrait.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Wikipedia:Mountain tapir|Mountain tapirs]] are found nowhere else on [[Urth]].]] [[File:Bullockia maldonadoi.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Wikipedia:Bullockia maldonadoi|''Bullockia maldonadoi''.]] is a species of endemic catfish. Found in freshwater rivers and lakes, the fish grows to about 7 centimetres (2.8 in).]] Other domestics that originates from the Zycannes region are the [[Wikipedia:Mara (mammal)|Mara]] and the [[Wikipedia:Andean mountain cavy|Zycannes mountain cavy]]. Other wild mammals found in the relatively open habitats of the high Zycannes include the [[Wikipedia:South Andean deer|Zycandean deer]] and foxes in the genus ''[[Wikipedia:South American fox|Pseudalopex]]''. |
||
{{multiple image |
{{multiple image |
||
| align = left |
| align = left |
||
Line 675: | Line 624: | ||
=== Climate === |
=== Climate === |
||
[[File:Dazman Beach - Redrugus.jpg|right|thumb|220px|Dazman Beach, Redrugus, on the hottest Day in 2018]] |
[[File:Dazman Beach - Redrugus.jpg|right|thumb|220px|Dazman Beach, Redrugus, on the hottest Day in 2018.]] |
||
Great Morstaybishlia has a climate that varies. Most of Morstaybishlia is temperate, with plentiful rainfall all year round. The temperature varies with the seasons seldom dropping below −5 °C (23 °F) or rising to 42 °C (107.6 °F) in the north, and dropping below -15 °C (5 °F) or rising to 24 °C (75.2 °F) in the south. The southern regions of |
Great Morstaybishlia has a climate that varies. Most of Morstaybishlia is temperate, with plentiful rainfall all year round. The temperature varies with the seasons seldom dropping below −5 °C (23 °F) or rising to 42 °C (107.6 °F) in the north, and dropping below -15 °C (5 °F) or rising to 24 °C (75.2 °F) in the south. The southern regions of Valeria often has prevailing winds which bears frequent spells of mild and wet weather from the Azure Sea, although the northern parts are mostly sheltered from this wind since the majority of the rain falls over the southern regions and therefore the midland regions including the Sperran Desert are the driest. Packilvanian currents, warmed by the Oceanus Stream, bring mild winters; especially in the west where winters are dry. Summers are warmest in the north of Morstaybishlia being closest to the tropics but also in the several deserts within the rain shadow of the Zycannes, and coolest in the south. Heavy snowfall can occur more southerly in winter and early spring on high ground, and occasionally settles to great depth away from the hills. |
||
In most of the Flizon Jungle and parts of the Jubrione, there is no dry season. The Flizon has an average precipitation value of at least 60 mm (2.4 in) per month whilst the Jubrione has around 304 mm (12 in) per month. Tropical rainforests and tropical evergreen rainforests have no summer or winter; it is typically hot and wet throughout the year and rainfall is both heavy and frequent and in the Jubrione very unpredictable. One day in these climates can be very similar to the next, while the change in temperature between day and night may be larger than the average change in temperature during the year. The Jubrione is considerably temperate, between 16 °C and 22 °C or 60.8 °F and 73 °F degrees. The northern Jubrione coast is the hottest, at an average of 23 °C. The Jubrione maintains annual humidity levels of 77%. The Flizon Jungle in |
In most of the Flizon Jungle and parts of the Jubrione, there is no dry season. The Flizon has an average precipitation value of at least 60 mm (2.4 in) per month whilst the Jubrione has around 304 mm (12 in) per month. Tropical rainforests and tropical evergreen rainforests have no summer or winter; it is typically hot and wet throughout the year and rainfall is both heavy and frequent and in the Jubrione very unpredictable. One day in these climates can be very similar to the next, while the change in temperature between day and night may be larger than the average change in temperature during the year. The Jubrione is considerably temperate, between 16 °C and 22 °C or 60.8 °F and 73 °F degrees. The northern Jubrione coast is the hottest, at an average of 23 °C. The Jubrione maintains annual humidity levels of 77%. The Flizon Jungle in Jusdelva maintains an average heat of 28 °C and annual humidity levels between 78% and 80%. |
||
[[File:The Harsh Winter of 1943 in South Staynes.jpg|left|thumb|220px|Morstaybishlian army troops clearing snow from a railway cutting, 1943]] |
[[File:The Harsh Winter of 1943 in South Staynes.jpg|left|thumb|220px|Morstaybishlian army troops clearing snow from a railway cutting, 1943.]] |
||
The location of the Zycannes, as well as the great variations in their elevations and exposure, give rise to very large differences in climate, not only among separate ranges but also within a particular range itself. Because of their central location in Aurora, the Zycannes are affected by four main climatic influences: from the north and west flows the relatively mild, moist air of the Packilvanian; cool or cold polar air descends from southwestern Aurora; continental air masses, cold and dry in winter and hot in summer, dominate in the east; and, to the south, dry Azure air flows northward. The average temperature in the foothills of the Zycannes is around 13 °C to 18 °C. |
The location of the Zycannes, as well as the great variations in their elevations and exposure, give rise to very large differences in climate, not only among separate ranges but also within a particular range itself. Because of their central location in Aurora, the Zycannes are affected by four main climatic influences: from the north and west flows the relatively mild, moist air of the Packilvanian; cool or cold polar air descends from southwestern Aurora; continental air masses, cold and dry in winter and hot in summer, dominate in the east; and, to the south, dry Azure air flows northward. The average temperature in the foothills of the Zycannes is around 13 °C to 18 °C. |
||
The highest recorded temperature was during the 2018 summer in the Staynish interior when the mercury hit 47.5 °C (117.5 °F) in Iron Valley, Jersia Desert, whilst the lowest recorded was during the Great Freeze of 1943 (the most brutal winter Aurora had seen in over three centuries), where during the blizzard filled night of 26 June the temperature was recorded at -24 °C (-11.2 °F) over the town of Keltucka, |
The highest recorded temperature was during the 2018 summer in the Staynish interior when the mercury hit 47.5 °C (117.5 °F) in Iron Valley, Jersia Desert, whilst the lowest recorded was during the Great Freeze of 1943 (the most brutal winter Aurora had seen in over three centuries), where during the blizzard filled night of 26 June the temperature was recorded at -24 °C (-11.2 °F) over the town of Keltucka, Valeria. |
||
==Territories and dependencies== |
==Territories and dependencies== |
||
Great Morstaybishlia has sovereignty over seventeen territories which do not form part of the MBE itself: fifteen Morstaybishlian Overseas Territories and two Crown dependencies. |
Great Morstaybishlia has sovereignty over seventeen territories which do not form part of the MBE itself: fifteen Morstaybishlian Overseas Territories and two Crown dependencies. |
||
The nineteen Morstaybishlian Overseas Territories are remnants of the [[Morstaybishlian Empire]]: they are [[Andomi]], Eskomia, Neptentia Islands, Detention Islands, [[Louzaria]], [[ |
The nineteen Morstaybishlian Overseas Territories are remnants of the [[Morstaybishlian Empire]]: they are [[Andomi]], Eskomia, Neptentia Islands, Detention Islands, [[Louzaria]], [[Nevez Kaltariezh]], the [[Seligeze Islands]], [[Morstaybishlian Rotantic Territories]], [[Joralesia]], [[Rosamund Island]], [[Dalmaghar]], [[Buzela]], [[Bolize]], New Celidizia, [[Morstaybishlian Cerenerian Territories]], [[Salisar]], [[Balidar]], [[Kystland]] and [[Saint Matilda]]. Collectively Morstaybishlia's overseas territories encompass an approximate land area of 828,243 square kilometers (319,786 sq mi), with a total population of 106.144 million. A 2001 MBE government white paper stated that: "[The] Overseas Territories are Morstaybishlian for as long as they wish to remain Morstaybishlian. Morstaybishlia has willingly granted independence where it has been requested; and we will continue to do so where this is an option." Self-determination is also enshrined in the constitutions of several overseas territories and three have specifically voted to remain under Morstaybishlian sovereignty (Buzela in 1996, Joralesia in 2001 and New Celidizia in 2010). |
||
The Crown dependencies are possessions of the Crown, as opposed to overseas territories of the MBE. They comprise two independently administered jurisdictions: the [[Necraties Islands]] and [[ |
The Crown dependencies are possessions of the Crown, as opposed to overseas territories of the MBE. They comprise two independently administered jurisdictions: the [[Necraties Islands]] and [[Eskomia]]. By mutual agreement, the Morstaybishlian Government manages the islands' foreign affairs and defence and the Samming has the authority to legislate on their behalf. Internationally, they are regarded as "territories for which Great Morstaybishlia is responsible". The power to pass legislation affecting the islands ultimately rests with their own respective legislative assemblies, with the assent of the Crown. Since 2005 each Crown dependency has had a Lieutenant Governor as its head of government. |
||
The Morstaybishlian dependencies all use the same currency as Great Morstaybishlia, the [[Kirib]]. |
The Morstaybishlian dependencies all use the same currency as Great Morstaybishlia, the [[Kirib]]. |
||
== Politics == |
== Politics == |
||
''See also: [[ |
''See also: [[Samming]], [[Cabinet of Great Morstaybishlia]], [[High Elderthane of Great Morstaybishlia|High Elderthane]]'', ''[[List of high elderthanes of Great Morstaybishlia]]'' |
||
{{multiple image |
{{multiple image |
||
Line 707: | Line 656: | ||
| width2 = 140 |
| width2 = 140 |
||
| alt2 = |
| alt2 = |
||
| caption2 = [[Franklin Barvata]], |
| caption2 = [[Franklin Barvata]], High Elderthane since 2022 |
||
| footer = |
| footer = |
||
| footer_align = |
| footer_align = |
||
}} |
}} |
||
The politics of Great Morstaybishlia take place in the framework of a [[wikipedia:unitary state|unitary state]] under a constitutional monarchy. The [[wikipedia:Monarch|monarch]] and head of state of Great Morstaybishlia is [[Lambertus VII]]. The monarch occupies a largely symbolic position with limited powers. In practice the monarch is limited to the following powers: receiving diplomats, signing laws without the power to veto them and signing treaties without the power to ratify them, and opening sessions of the legislature. The Constitution of Great Morstaybishlia is a supreme legal document that keeps checks and balances within government. |
The politics of Great Morstaybishlia take place in the framework of a [[wikipedia:unitary state|unitary state]] under a constitutional monarchy. The [[wikipedia:Monarch|monarch]] and head of state of Great Morstaybishlia is [[Lambertus VII]]. The monarch occupies a largely symbolic position with limited powers. In practice the monarch is limited to the following powers: receiving diplomats, signing laws without the power to veto them and signing treaties without the power to ratify them, and opening sessions of the legislature. The Constitution of Great Morstaybishlia is a supreme legal document that keeps checks and balances within government. Samming can perform "constitutional reform" simply by passing Act of Sammings, and thus has the political power to change or abolish almost any written element of the constitution. No Samming can pass laws that future Sammings cannot change. |
||
A body of aristocrats and distinguished people, called the Privy Council, advises the monarch on the exercise of their duties with some committees such as the [[Cabinet of Great Morstaybishlia|Cabinet]], having taken over much of the work of ruling from the Crown. |
A body of aristocrats and distinguished people, called the Privy Council, advises the monarch on the exercise of their duties with some committees such as the [[Cabinet of Great Morstaybishlia|Cabinet]], having taken over much of the work of ruling from the Crown. |
||
===Government=== |
===Government=== |
||
[[File:Kalmington Palace 2021.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Kalmington Palace, seat of both houses of the Samming of Great Morstaybishlia.]] |
|||
The Morstaybishlian parliamentary government is based on the [[Wikipedia:Westminster system|Kalmington system]] of some modern parliamentary constitutional monarchies, and that is emulated in some former colonies after 1917 and instated in 2 of the 4 nations in the [[Ethalns]] after the [[Auroran-Cerenerian War]]. The government is divided into two branches: an elected [[Folk's Hall]] and an appointed [[Lord's Hall]]. All bills passed are given Royal Assent before becoming law. |
|||
The position of [[High Elderthane of Great Morstaybishlia|high elderthane]] is the head of government of Great Morstaybishlia. The position belongs to the person most likely to command the confidence of the Folks; this individual is typically the leader of the political party or coalition of parties that holds the largest number of seats in that chamber. By convention, the monarch respects the high elderthane's decisions of government. |
|||
The Morstaybishlian parliamentary government is based on the Kalmington system that is emulated in some former colonies after 1917 and instated in 4 out of 6 nations in the [[Ethalns]] after the [[Auroran-Pacific War]]. The government is divided into two branches: an elected House of Representatives and an appointed House of Peers. All bills passed are given Royal Assent before becoming law. |
|||
The cabinet is drawn from members of the high elderthane's party or coalition and mostly from the Folk's Hall but always from both legislative houses, the cabinet being responsible for both. The work is divided according to topics called portfolios occupied by Thanes of the Crown. Other executive officials may attend cabinet meetings but may not vote. Executive power is exercised by the high elderthane and cabinet, all of who are sworn into the Privy Council of Great Morstaybishlia, and become Thanes of the Crown. The current High Elderthane is [[Franklin Barvata]] who has held office since 23 September 2021. Barvata is also the leader of the [[Progress Party (MBE)|Progress Party]]. For elections to the Folk's Hall, the MBE is divided into 1,794 constituencies, each electing a single Folkspart (FP) by [[wikipedia:plurality voting|simple plurality]]. General elections are called by the monarch when the high elderthane so advises. The Fixed-term Sammings Act 1946 required that a new election must be called no later than seven years after the previous general election. |
|||
The position of [[wikipedia:Prime Minister|prime minister]] is the head of government of Great Morstaybishlia. The position belongs to the person most likely to command the confidence of the House of Representatives; this individual is typically the leader of the political party or coalition of parties that holds the largest number of seats in that chamber. By convention, the monarch respects the prime minister's decisions of government. |
|||
[[File:PMs of MBE MAR2021.png|left|thumb|700px|Prime Ministers since the First Parliament of 1917]] |
|||
The cabinet is drawn from members of the prime minister's party or coalition and mostly from the House of Representatives but always from both legislative houses, the cabinet being responsible for both. The work is divided according to topics called portfolios occupied by Ministers of the Crown. Other executive officials may attend cabinet meetings but may not vote. Executive power is exercised by the prime minister and cabinet, all of who are sworn into the Privy Council of Great Morstaybishlia, and become Ministers of the Crown. The current Prime Minister is [[Franklin Barvata]] who has held office since 27 February 2019. Barvata is also the leader of the [[MBE Labour|Labour Party]]. For elections to the House of Representatives, the MBE is divided into 1,794 constituencies, each electing a single member of parliament (MP) by [[wikipedia:plurality voting|simple plurality]]. General elections are called by the monarch when the prime minister so advises. The Fixed-tern Parliaments Act 1946 required that a new election must be called no later than seven years after the previous general election. |
|||
[[File:Kalmington Palace - Morstaybishlian Parliament.jpg|right|thumb|185px|The Palace of Kalmington, seat of both houses of the Parliament of Great Morstaybishlia]] |
|||
The government is heavily centralised in [[Sani Bursil]] and handles matters such as defence, currency, trade, treaties, property rights, public health care, education, and land management. Territorial governments such as [[Louzaria]] and [[Joralesia]] are restricted to issues such as housing, water, power, sanitation and local roads. The national government has a large degree of control over their internal affairs. |
The government is heavily centralised in [[Sani Bursil]] and handles matters such as defence, currency, trade, treaties, property rights, public health care, education, and land management. Territorial governments such as [[Louzaria]] and [[Joralesia]] are restricted to issues such as housing, water, power, sanitation and local roads. The national government has a large degree of control over their internal affairs. |
||
[[File:PMs of MBE JUL2021.png|left|thumb|700px|High Elderthanes since the Samming of 1917.]] |
|||
The [[MBE Conservatives|Conservative Party]], the [[MBE Labour|Labour Party]] and the [[MBE Democrats|Democrats]] have, in modern times, been the MBE's three major political parties, representing the Morstaybishlian traditions of conservatism, socialism and liberalism, respectively. Most of the remaining seats were won by parties that contest elections only in one party of the MBE: Justelvard Unionist Party and Justelvard Independence Party (Justelvard only); and the Nocturnian Independence Party (Nocturne only). In accordance with party policy, no elected Nocturnian Independence Party members of parliament have ever attended the House of Representatives to speak on behalf of their constituents because of the requirement to take an oath of allegiance to the monarch. |
|||
The [[Principles of Democracy Party]], the [[Progress Party (MBE)|Progress Party]] and the [[Civic Party (MBE)|Civic Party]] have, in modern times, been the MBE's three major political parties, representing the Morstaybishlian traditions of conservatism, socialism and centrism, respectively. Most of the remaining seats were won by parties that contest elections only in one party of the MBE: Jusdelvic Unionist Party and Jusdelvic Independence Party (Jusdelva only); and the Marislian Independence Party (Marislia only). In accordance with party policy, no elected Marislian Independence Party folkspart have ever attended the Folk's Hall to speak on behalf of their constituents because of the requirement to take an oath of allegiance to the monarch. |
|||
==== History of constituencies ==== |
==== History of constituencies ==== |
||
[[File: |
[[File:Provincial map of Great Morstaybishlia 2024 2nd edition.png|right|thumb|550px|Map of Great Morstaybishlia showing its ninety provinces.]] |
||
In 1917, Morstaybishlia converted from absolutism to parliamentary democracy and the first mention of constituencies were made. After the Great War, Morstaybishlia's territory looked very different; [[Axdel]], |
In 1917, Morstaybishlia converted from absolutism to parliamentary democracy and the first mention of constituencies were made. After the Great War, Morstaybishlia's territory looked very different; [[Axdel]], and [[Emberwood Coast]] were apart of the empire as dominions, whilst the lands east of the [[Aberbish]] in Kaltariezh weren't. The Constituency Administration Committee were established to draw up the first constituency maps. The first iteration in 1917 had 1,214 constituencies and gave the Dominion of Axdel representation for the first time under the Morstaybishlian Empire with 170 seats. During the interwar period the constituencies remained unchanged until 1966 when [[Noroist Axdel]] gained independence and the land east of the Aberbish came back under control of Morstaybishlia. The Constituency Administration Committee was re-established and produced a second map that overhauled most of the work from the first, producing 1,742 constituencies. This remained until the Acts of Union of Great Morstaybishlia and Jusdelva which saw 52 new constituencies added to make the final iteration of 1,794. |
||
=== Provinces === |
=== Provinces === |
||
The history of local government in Great Morstaybishlia differs between Staynes, |
The history of local government in Great Morstaybishlia differs between Staynes, Kaltariezh, Valeria and Jusdelva, and the subnational divisions within these which have been called provinces have varied over time and by purpose. The province has formed the upper tier of local government over much of Great Morstaybishlia at one time or another, and has been used for a variety of other purposes, such as for Dukes, Lord Lieutenants, land registration and postal delivery. |
||
Thirty four provinces of Staynes and thirty two provinces of Kaltairezh share the same borders as the pre-1917 dukedoms, and comprise of shires, realms and territories. The four coastal and two northernmost of the sixteen provinces of Valeria are the same, whilst the rest are modern realms. Judelva's provinces are all named after historic dukedoms, though they are all modern realms. |
|||
All of the 10 provinces in Staynes are based off of historic countries during the [[Staynes#Interregnum period|First Interregnum Period]]. Over Staynes' history these provinces saw major reforms in 1621, 1784 and 1897, but were reverted back to the ten provinces in 1955. The provinces in South Staynes were established in 1977 based on the historic divides during the administration of the Kingdom of Valeria prior to 1256; South Staynes has the most provinces of any constituent country at 27 but since 1989 there have been calls to simplify these provinces down to 22. Caltharus has 22 provinces which are based off of the smaller kingdoms that existed before the unification of Caltharus in the 8th century. |
|||
=== Law enforcement and crime === |
=== Law enforcement and crime === |
||
[[File: |
[[File:Tribunal Supremo, Madrid.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Hamlen House, the location of the Supreme Court of Justice in Great Morstaybishlia.]] |
||
The judiciary enforces laws, settles disputes and carries out justice. The judiciary is structured according to the following hierarchy: |
|||
* The Supreme Court is the highest court. It makes sure that laws follow the constitution. It is the final court for appeals on any matter. It sits in the capitol. |
|||
* Each province has a High Court which is usually divided among major cities of that province. It receives appeals. |
|||
* Magistrate Courts conduct trials. They are ranked according to the affairs and geographical area over which their jurisdiction extends. In order of least to highest, they are as follows: ward (or parish), borough (or shire), county (or district), then region (or province). |
|||
Great Morstaybishlia does not have a single legal system as the 1515 Treaty of Union provided for the continuation of Kaltariezh's separate legal system. Today the MBE has three distinct systems of law: Staynish law, Kaltariz law and Valerian law. The Supreme Court of Great Morstaybishlia came into being in 1917 to replace the Royal Courts, which had been previously used since 1036. The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, including the same members as the Supreme Court, is the highest court of appeal for several independent Commonwealth countries, the [[Morstaybishlian Empire|Morstaybishlian Overseas Territories]] and the Crown Dependencies. |
|||
The judicial system follows Staynish [[Wikipedia:common law|common law]]. A single judge (or group of judges in the case of appellate courts) uses common sense, statutes and precedent to decide on a case. Adversaries (a plaintiff and defendant) present written and/oral evidence and cross examine witnesses to defend or refute a charge. In instances were the province is representing the plaintiff, that party is called the prosecution. |
|||
Both Staynish law, which applies in Staynes and Jusdelva, and Valerian law are based on common-law principles. The essence of common law is that, subject to statute, the law is developed by judges in courts, applying statute, precedent and common sense to the facts before them to give explanatory judgements of the relevant legal principles, which are reported and binding in future similar cases (''stare decisis''). The courts of Staynes and Jusdelva are headed by the Senior Courts of Staynes and Jusdelva, consisting of the Appeals Court, the Justice High Court (for civil cases) and the Royal Court (for criminal cases). The Supreme Court is the highest court in the land for both criminal and civil appeal cases in Staynes, Valeria and Jusdelva and any decision it makes is binding on every other court in the same jurisdiction, often having a persuasive effect in other jurisdictions. |
|||
Each province possesses a police force under the authority of the provincial government. The national government controls law enforcement agencies that deal with particularly complex or multijurisdictional cases and provides support to province police. Some larger cities, such as [[Sani Bursil]], [[Fort Jubrayn]] and Redrugus maintain their own police forces. Generally the law enforcement is disciplined and impartial. |
|||
In Staynes, Valeria and Jusdelva, The Court of Magistrates conduct trials. They are ranked according to the affairs and geographical area over which their jurisdiction extends. In order of least to highest, they are as follows: ward (or parish), borough (or shire), county (or district), then region (or province). |
|||
Kaltariz law is a hybrid system based on both common-law and civil-law principles. The chief courts are the Conclave, for civil cases, and the Jurat High Court, for criminal cases. The Supreme Court of Great Morstaybishlia serves as the highest court of appeal for civil cases under Kaltariz law. Sheriff courts deal with most civil and criminal cases including conducting criminal trials with a jury, known as sheriff solemn court, or with a sheriff and no jury, known as sheriff summary Court. The Kaltariz legal system is unique in having three possible verdicts for a criminal trial: "guilty", "not guilty" and "not proven". Both "not guilty" and "not proven" result in an acquittal. |
|||
[[File:RPS Calinton.jpg|left|thumb|230px|RPS Calinton is the largest adult male prison in the MBE.]] |
|||
Each province possesses a police force under the authority of the provincial government. The national government controls law enforcement agencies that deal with particularly complex or multijurisdictional cases and provides support to province police. Some larger cities, such as [[Sani Bursil]], [[Rouanezkador]] and Kirdintayos maintain their own police forces. Generally the law enforcement is disciplined and impartial. In recent years, more pressure has been put on policing in the MBE as staffing shortages have increased, which has led to breaches in security such as the [[Prince Thadeus, Duke of Horkalo#Assassination|Assassination of Prince Thadeus]]. As recently as 2016 this policing shortage has been called a national emergency. |
|||
Crime in Staynes, Valeria and Jusdelva increased in the period between 1976 and 1983, and then again between 1993 and 1997, though since that peak there has been an observed fall of 39 per cent in recorded crime from 1997 to 2007, according to crime statistics. However, as crimes have increased since 2016, the prison population of Great Morstaybishlia has increased to 2 million, giving the MBE the highest rate of incarceration in the [[Wikipedia:Southern hemisphere|southern hemisphere]] at 388 per 100,000. The Royal Prison Service (RPS), which reports to the Thaning of Justice, manages most of the prisons within metropolitan MBE, whilst the Jusdelva Prisons Committee (JPC) is independent. The murder rate in Great Morstaybishlia has increased in the second half of the 2010s with a murder rate around 3 per 100,000 which is double the peak in 2008, the highest year in that decade. Morstaybishlia's prisons are overcrowded and the prison population is increasing. |
|||
Although many nations have abolished [[Wikipedia:Capital punishment|capital punishment]], it is sanctioned in the MBE for certain civilian and military crimes, though this excludes Jusdelva. Executions are not commonplace, thought to be due to long prison sentences, good education and supplementary social welfare programs. Since 2000, there have been 159 executions. In recent years the number of executions and presence of capital punishment statute on whole has trended down nationally. |
|||
=== Foreign Relations === |
=== Foreign Relations === |
||
Great Morstaybishlia has an established structure of foreign relations. The MBE has a seat on the [[International Forum|International Forum Security Council]]. The MBE is a permanent member of the [[UNAC|United Nations of the Auroran Continent]], where Sani Bursil holds secondary and tertiary functions for the Auroran Parliament, Auroran Commission and Council of the UNAC. Historically, the Bank of Staynes issued the legal tender of the UNAC's predecessor, the [[Auroran Continental Assembly]]. Almost all countries have embassies in Sani Bursil or Rouanezkador, and many have consulates around the country. Likewise, nearly all nations host Morstaybishlian diplomatic missions. |
|||
Great Morstaybishlia is a permanent member of the [[UNAC|United Nations of the Auroran Continent]] and the [[Morstaybishlian Commonwealth]], as well as a Special Member of the [[NSTO]]. Great Morstaybishlia shares a [[wikipedia:Special Relationship|Special Relationship]] with [[Kuthernburg]] and a close relationship with [[Axdel]], [[Packilvania]] and [[Nation/The Oan Isles|The Oan Isles]]. Morstaybishlia exerts a large global presence and influence is further amplified through its trading relations, foreign investments, official development assistance and military engagements. |
|||
Great Morstaybishlia observes close relationships with [[Axdel]], [[The Oan Isles]], [[Kurandia]], and to a lesser extent [[Packilvania]]. As a member of the [[IRSA|Intercontinental Regional Security Accords]], the MBE works closely with its fellow members on military and security issues. The MBE heads the [[Morstaybishlian Economic Sphere]] and Morstaybishlian Commonwealth. It is a Permanent Invitee to the [[OFAC]], and has Observer Status in the [[Alliance of Northwest Gondwana]] and the [[League of Novaris]]. |
|||
Morstaybishlia exerts a large global presence and influence is further amplified through its trading relations, foreign investments, official development assistance and military engagements. Historically, [[Rodenia]] was the MBE's closest ally in [[Arcturia]], though this changed since [[Kirk Santon]] seized power. |
|||
=== Military === |
=== Military === |
||
''Main article: [[Royal Armed Forces of the Empire]]'' |
''Main article: [[Royal Armed Forces of the Empire]]'' |
||
[[File: |
[[File:Morstaybishlia's 5th generation air superiority fighter jet.jpg|left|thumb|250px|The [[wikipedia: TAI TF Kaan|Thunderbird II]] is a fifth-generation [[Wikipedia:Air superiority fighter|air superiority fighter]] which entered service in 2009.]] |
||
[[File: |
[[File:MBS Fortitude, a second-rate ship of the line.jpg|right|thumb|215px|MBS ''Fortitude'', photographed here in 1966, is the Flagship of the Lord Duke of the Sea. It is a [[Wikipedia:Second-rate|second-rate]] [[Wikipedia:Ship of the line|ship of the line]] and the oldest fully commissioned warship in the world, being laid out in 1775.]] |
||
[[File: |
[[File:The Morstaybishlian Imperial Navy's MBS Glasgore, the lead ship of its class.JPG|right|thumb|250px|MBS ''Glasgore'', an [[Wikipedia:Aircraft carrier|aircraft carrier]] for the [[Imperial Navy]] and the flagship of [[Wikipedia:Gerald R. Ford-class aircraft carrier|her class.]]]] |
||
''The Royal Armed Forces of the Empire'' (''RAFOTE''), also known as ''His Majesty's Armed Forces'' (''HM's Armed Forces'') |
''The Royal Armed Forces of the Empire'' (''RAFOTE''), also known as ''His Majesty's Armed Forces'' (''HM's Armed Forces'') or the ''Morstaybishlian Armed Forces'' (''MAF'') form the military of the MBE and its Oversea Territories. They are made up of three branches: the Imperial Navy, Army and Air Force. The forces are managed by the Thaning of Defence and controlled by the Defence Council, chaired by the Elderthane for Defence; currently [[Andrew Chemlin]]. The Commander-in-Chief is the Morstaybishlian monarch, to whom members of the forces swear an oath of allegiance. The Armed Forces are charged with protecting Great Morstaybishlia and its overseas territories, promoting Great Morstaybishlia's global security interests and supporting international peacekeeping efforts. They are active and regular participants in the UNAC Defence Force. Overseas garrisons and facilities are maintained in [[Packilvania]], [[Axdel]], [[Lokania]], as well as in Overseas Territories of [[Nevez Kaltariezh]], [[Louzaria]], [[Joralesia]], the [[Morstaybishlian Rotantic Territories|Rotantic Territories]], [[Eskomia]], the [[Morstaybishlian Cerenerian Territories|Cerenerian Territories]], [[Detention Island]], [[Rosamund Island]], [[Dalmaghar]], New Celidizia and Neptentia Island. The Morstaybishlian armed forces played a key role in establishing the Morstaybishlian Empire as the dominant world power in the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries. By emerging victorious from conflicts, Morstaybishlia has often been able to decisively influence world events. Since the comedown of the Morstaybishlian Empire, Great Morstaybishlia has remained a major military power. |
||
The [[Imperial Navy]] controls three sub branches: the Imperial Marines (an amphibious infantry), the Imperial Coast Guard (a maritime law enforcement branch) and the Imperial Missile Force. The Army forms the land component. It controls another sub branch called the Gendarmerie, a paramilitary force. The Imperial Air Force forms the air branch and controls the air defence sub branch. |
The [[Imperial Navy]] controls three sub branches: the Imperial Marines (an amphibious infantry), the Imperial Coast Guard (a maritime law enforcement branch) and the Imperial Missile Force. The Army forms the land component. It controls another sub branch called the Gendarmerie, a paramilitary force, and the [[Redplate Guard]]. The Imperial Air Force forms the air branch and controls the air defence sub branch. |
||
[[File:AH-1 Viper.jpg|left|thumb| |
[[File:AH-1 Viper.jpg|left|thumb|200px|Two AH-1 Viper's landing on an amphibious assault ship.]] |
||
The military has a total active manpower of 2.74 million soliders and a reserve manpower of 1.81 million soldiers. The Army has 1.3 million active soldiers in total. The Air Force has 720K airmen and women in total. The Navy has 798K sailors in total. The total budget of the |
The military has a total active manpower of 2.74 million soliders and a reserve manpower of 1.81 million soldiers. The Army has 1.3 million active soldiers in total. The Air Force has 720K airmen and women in total. The Navy has 798K sailors in total. The total budget of the armed forces, which amounted to 3.9% of GDP, was 603.6 billion KRB in 2022. |
||
The main standard issue infantry rifle is the |
The main standard issue infantry rifle is the SK-AR4. The main marksmanship rifle given to special forces is the [[wikipedia:Mk 12 Special Purpose Rifle|MR10]]. The primary air superiority fighter is the [[wikipedia:Sukhoi Su-57|Vezra GE-55]]. The most used main battle tank is the [[Colonarius mk2]]. The primary multi purpose jet is the [[wikipedia:Sukhoi Su-35|Vezra GE-35]]. The ground attack fighter is the [[wikipedia: TAI TF Kaan|Thunderbird II]]. The primary combat helicopter is the [[wikipedia:Bell AH-1 SuperCobra|Mospher AH-1 Viper]]. The military intelligence has electronic reconnaissance capabilities. |
||
The navy has 254 commissioned ships, which include submarines and auxiliary ships. The composition of the 254 commissioned ships include 14 air craft carriers (with three under construction, in development or planned); the navy also has two amphibious assault docks, 15 ballistic missile submarines (which maintains the MBE's nuclear superiority), 44 nuclear fleet submarines, 6 guided missile cruisers, 57 guided missile destroyers, 55 frigates, 25 patrol boats and 11 mine countermeasures, plus 27 ships of the Imperial Fleet Auxiliary (IFA); the IFA replenishes Imperial Navy warships at sea. Women and homosexuals are allowed to join the armed forces. They are trained in [[wikipedia:Krav Maga|Krav Maga]] hand to hand combat. |
The navy has 254 commissioned ships, which include submarines and auxiliary ships. The composition of the 254 commissioned ships include 14 air craft carriers (with three under construction, in development or planned); the navy also has two amphibious assault docks, 15 ballistic missile submarines (which maintains the MBE's nuclear superiority), 44 nuclear fleet submarines, 6 guided missile cruisers, 57 guided missile destroyers, 55 frigates, 25 patrol boats and 11 mine countermeasures, plus 27 ships of the Imperial Fleet Auxiliary (IFA); the IFA replenishes Imperial Navy warships at sea. Women and homosexuals are allowed to join the armed forces. They are trained in [[wikipedia:Krav Maga|Krav Maga]] hand to hand combat. |
||
Line 775: | Line 734: | ||
== Economy == |
== Economy == |
||
===Overview=== |
===Overview=== |
||
[[File:900px-Kirib symbol.png|right|thumb|180px|The [[Kirib]] (symbol: ♅; ISO code: KRB) is the official currency of Great Morstaybishlia, the [[UNAC]] countries and most former and all current Morstaybishlian colonies]] |
[[File:900px-Kirib symbol.png|right|thumb|180px|The [[Kirib]] (symbol: ♅; ISO code: KRB) is the official currency of Great Morstaybishlia, the [[UNAC]] countries and most former and all current Morstaybishlian colonies.]] |
||
Great Morstaybishlia has a partially regulated market economy. Based on market exchange rates, Great Morstaybishlia is today the largest economy in the world. HM Treasury, led by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, is responsible for developing and executing the government's public finance policy and economic policy. The [[Kirib]], which is the legal tender, originated in Great Morstaybishlia. Historically, the Kirib was issued by the Bank of Staynes in Sani Bursil, Staynes, but is presently issued by the [[Auroran Central Bank]] in Tarov, [[Tivot]], printed by the Staynish Bank Note Company and minted by the Royal Staynish Mint. The Bank of Staynes is the MBE's central bank and continues to act as a [[Wikipedia:Central bank|central bank]] in other respects such as regulating the banking sector, acting as a lender to banks and managing the nation's gold reserves. Great Morstaybishlia has gold reserves of 172 billion KRB. |
Great Morstaybishlia has a partially regulated market economy. Based on market exchange rates, Great Morstaybishlia is today the largest economy in the world. HM Treasury, led by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, is responsible for developing and executing the government's public finance policy and economic policy. The [[Kirib]], which is the legal tender, originated in Great Morstaybishlia. Historically, the Kirib was issued by the Bank of Staynes in Sani Bursil, Staynes, but is presently issued by the [[Auroran Central Bank]] in Tarov, [[Tivot]], printed by the Staynish Bank Note Company and minted by the Royal Staynish Mint. The Bank of Staynes is the MBE's central bank and continues to act as a [[Wikipedia:Central bank|central bank]] in other respects such as regulating the banking sector, acting as a lender to banks and managing the nation's gold reserves. Great Morstaybishlia has gold reserves of 172 billion KRB. |
||
The Kirib is the world's second-largest reserve currency (after the SH Dollar). Since 1995 the Bank of Staynes' Monetary Policy Committee, headed by the Governor of the Bank of Staynes, has been responsible for setting interest rates at the level necessary to achieve the overall inflation target for the economy that is set by the Chancellor each year. |
The Kirib is the world's second-largest reserve currency (after the SH Dollar). Since 1995 the Bank of Staynes' Monetary Policy Committee, headed by the Governor of the Bank of Staynes, has been responsible for setting interest rates at the level necessary to achieve the overall inflation target for the economy that is set by the Chancellor each year. |
||
Line 781: | Line 740: | ||
Great Morstaybishlia follows a free market model. Intellectual and physical property rights are respected. Businesses operate freely. There are some regulations to protect small businesses and poor households. Collective bargaining is legal. Overtime and leave days are guaranteed. There are laws to protect consumers from scams, unsafe products and excessive prices. There are taxes on the wealthy. There are some welfare programs to support the poor. |
Great Morstaybishlia follows a free market model. Intellectual and physical property rights are respected. Businesses operate freely. There are some regulations to protect small businesses and poor households. Collective bargaining is legal. Overtime and leave days are guaranteed. There are laws to protect consumers from scams, unsafe products and excessive prices. There are taxes on the wealthy. There are some welfare programs to support the poor. |
||
Great Morstaybishlia has a GDP of 15.47 trillion KRB. Great Morstaybishlia has a GDP per capita of 30 thousand KRB. The unemployment rate is at 6%, with the unemployment in |
Great Morstaybishlia has a GDP of 15.47 trillion KRB. Great Morstaybishlia has a GDP per capita of 30 thousand KRB. The unemployment rate is at 6%, with the unemployment in Valeria at 9%. The inflation rate is at 2.1%. The growth rate is at 1.8%. the MBE remains the top destination in Aurora for foreign direct investment at 412,650 million. The total value of investments made by Great Morstaybishlia to other nations is 345,150 million KRB. The MBE government recorded a government debt equivalent to 97 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2017. Poverty is defined as people who are in relative low income (less than 60 per cent of the national median average, or 18,002 KRB). The poverty rate is 14.07%. The Gini coefficient is 0.36 points. |
||
The agricultural industry makes up 3% of the economy. The biggest sectors are grain, meat and dairy. The manufacturing industry makes up 17% of the economy. The biggest sectors are transportation equipment, industrial machinery, petroleum and petroleum products, electrical machinery, office machines and data processing equipment, power-generating machinery, organic chemicals, precision instruments, and iron and steel. The mining industry makes up 4% of the economy. The biggest manufacturer of electronics in the world, [[Primrose Inc.]], originates from [[Fort Staynes]] in Great Morstaybishlia. The services sector makes up 52% of the economy. The biggest sectors are creative industries, education, health and social work, financial and business services, hotels and restaurants, public administration and defence, transport, storage and communication, wholesale and retail trade, real estate and renting activities and tourism. |
The agricultural industry makes up 3% of the economy. The biggest sectors are grain, meat and dairy. The manufacturing industry makes up 17% of the economy. The biggest sectors are transportation equipment, industrial machinery, petroleum and petroleum products, electrical machinery, office machines and data processing equipment, power-generating machinery, organic chemicals, precision instruments, and iron and steel. The mining industry makes up 4% of the economy. The biggest manufacturer of electronics in the world, [[Primrose Inc.]], originates from [[Fort Staynes]] in Great Morstaybishlia. The services sector makes up 52% of the economy. The biggest sectors are creative industries, education, health and social work, financial and business services, hotels and restaurants, public administration and defence, transport, storage and communication, wholesale and retail trade, real estate and renting activities and tourism. |
||
Great Morstaybishlia has the biggest financial sector in the world, [[Sani Bursil]]. The second largest bank in the world, LabiaTurtle Bank, originates from Great Morstaybishlia. |
Great Morstaybishlia has the biggest financial sector in the world, [[Sani Bursil]]. The second largest bank in the world, LabiaTurtle Bank, originates from Great Morstaybishlia. |
||
Great Morstaybishlia's biggest trade partners are [[Packilvania |
Great Morstaybishlia's biggest trade partners are [[Packilvania]], [[Axdel]], [[Nation/The Oan Isles|The Oan Isles]], [[Norgsveldet]], [[Free Pax States]], [[New Leganes]], [[Lovelia]] and [[Aivintis]]. The biggest export products are petroleum products, chemicals, weaponry, automobiles, agricultural foodstuff, beverages (such as [[Hobstiberry#Food|Hobsti tea]] and [[Hobstiberry#Food|Hobsti wine]]), clay and timber. The biggest import products are scientific apparatus, optic fibres, uranium, pharmaceuticals, gold and sanitary. |
||
===Science and technology=== |
===Science and technology=== |
||
Great Morstaybishlia spent about 1.1% of its GDP (approximately ♅170 billion) on [[Wikipedia:Research and development|research and development]] in 2022, with the world's highest budget. It ranked first worldwide in the number of scientific publications in 2022, with roughly 8.2 million papers. Great Morstaybishlia is typically considered to produce high quality scientific research in a major 2020 survey of international scientists, and has made many integral scientific discoveries leading to hundreds of [[Fidal Prize|Fidal Prizes]] in physics, chemistry, and medicine, the most recent awarded to Dame Rosamund Rothgerus for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science. |
|||
Great Morstaybishlia is furthermore home to the headquarters of numberous global technology firms. It has one of the highest levels of access to the Internet in the world, with more than 494.7 million users, equivalent to around 95.9 percent of its total 2021 population. |
|||
===Transport=== |
===Transport=== |
||
[[File:MBE bullet train.jpg|right|thumb|250px|BURAET Bullet train]] |
[[File:MBE bullet train.jpg|right|thumb|250px|BURAET Bullet train.]] |
||
The railway network of Morstaybishlia, which as of 2019 stretches 265,847 kilometres (165,190 mi) is the most extensive in Aurora. The rail network was privatised between 2005 and 2009, which was followed by a rapid rise in passenger numbers following years of decline, although the factors behind this are disputed. There's 3,945 kilometers (2,451 mi) of rail network in |
The railway network of Morstaybishlia, which as of 2019 stretches 265,847 kilometres (165,190 mi) is the most extensive in Aurora. The rail network was privatised between 2005 and 2009, which was followed by a rapid rise in passenger numbers following years of decline, although the factors behind this are disputed. There's 3,945 kilometers (2,451 mi) of rail network in Jusdelva and railways in Jusdelva are operated by JV Railways, a subsidiary of state-owned TrainLink. High-speed trains include the Aurostar, the BURAET and Ethaline trains, which travels at 320 km/h (199 mph) in commercial use. Since privatization in 2005 to 2009, dozens of Staynish railway companies compete in regional and local passenger transportation markets. Some 300 high-speed bullet trains connect major cities and these trains are known for their safety and punctuality. Great Morstaybishlia also has the LOOP, a hyperlink trainline that connects across Aurora and is the largest continuous train line ever built. |
||
The Aurostar runs all across Aurora; BURAET literally means ''Bur''sil to ''Aet''ernum and connects the two capitals whilst also travelling through other major conurbations. Rail connections exist to all other neighboring countries in Aurora, except Dragonia. Intra-urban connections are also well developed with both underground services (Sani Bursil, Redrugus, Kirdintayos, |
The Aurostar runs all across Aurora; BURAET literally means ''Bur''sil to ''Aet''ernum and connects the two capitals whilst also travelling through other major conurbations. Rail connections exist to all other neighboring countries in Aurora, except Dragonia. Intra-urban connections are also well developed with both underground services (Sani Bursil, Redrugus, Kirdintayos, Rouanezkador, Lambertupol, Fort Jubrayn) and tramway services (Sani Bursil, Eskrador, Valeron, Imbazdu, Kasidura and others) complementing bus services. |
||
[[File:Morst airplane.png|left|thumb|275px|Morstaybishlian Air is one of the biggest airlines in the world]] |
[[File:Morst airplane.png|left|thumb|275px|Morstaybishlian Air is one of the biggest airlines in the world.]] |
||
There are approximately 9,265,190 kilometres (5,757,122 mi) of serviceable roadway in Morstaybishlia, ranking it the most extensive network in the world. The Sani Bursil region is enveloped with the most dense network of roads and highways that connect it with virtually all parts of the country. Morstaybishlian roads also handle substantial international traffic, connecting with cities in neighboring North Ethalria, |
There are approximately 9,265,190 kilometres (5,757,122 mi) of serviceable roadway in Morstaybishlia, ranking it the most extensive network in the world. The Sani Bursil region is enveloped with the most dense network of roads and highways that connect it with virtually all parts of the country. Morstaybishlian roads also handle substantial international traffic, connecting with cities in neighboring North Ethalria, Drakaland, Sarentria, Tivot, Volova, Tuvaltastan, Valerica, Rosalica and Asilica. The MBE has an annual motoring taxation; however, most motorways are free to use. The new car market is dominated by domestic brands such as Audelli (18% of cars sold in Morstaybishlia in 2010), Kentora (17.5%) and Mambeck (15.2%). Over 65% of new cars sold in 2013 had diesel engines, far more than contained petrol or LPG engines. |
||
There are 4,176 airports in Great Morstaybishlia. Fort Jubrayn Airport, located on the outskirts of Fort Jubrayn, is the largest and busiest airport in the country, handling the vast majority of popular and commercial traffic and connecting to virtually all major cities across the world. Morstaybishlian Air is the national carrier airline, although numerous private airline companies provide domestic and international travel services such as Jubrayn Airlines and Limhay Travel. Great Morstaybishlia handled a total of 1.256 billion passengers in 2018. There are twelve major ports in Great Morstaybishlia, the largest of which is in Fort Jubrayn |
There are 4,176 airports in Great Morstaybishlia. Fort Jubrayn Airport, located on the outskirts of Fort Jubrayn, is the largest and busiest airport in the country, handling the vast majority of popular and commercial traffic and connecting to virtually all major cities across the world. Morstaybishlian Air is the national carrier airline, although numerous private airline companies provide domestic and international travel services such as Jubrayn Airlines and Limhay Travel. Great Morstaybishlia handled a total of 1.256 billion passengers in 2018. There are twelve major ports in Great Morstaybishlia, the largest of which is in Fort Jubrayn and Rouanezkador, which also are the second and third-largest bordering the Morstaybishlian Sea behind Tarov. 110,349 kilometres (68,567 mi) of waterways traverse Morstaybishlia including the Anker River, which connects many of the interior Staynish cities to the West Sea, and the Jubliak River which connects Sani Bursil to the Morstaybishlian Sea. |
||
===Tourism=== |
===Tourism=== |
||
Line 816: | Line 778: | ||
Access to improved water supply and sanitation in the MBE is universal. It is estimated that 97.1 per cent of households are connected to the sewer network. According to the Government Agency for the Environment (GAE), total water abstraction for public water supply in the MBE was 126,750 megalitres per day in 2009. Drinking water standards and wastewater discharge standards in the MBE are formerly determined by the UNAC. |
Access to improved water supply and sanitation in the MBE is universal. It is estimated that 97.1 per cent of households are connected to the sewer network. According to the Government Agency for the Environment (GAE), total water abstraction for public water supply in the MBE was 126,750 megalitres per day in 2009. Drinking water standards and wastewater discharge standards in the MBE are formerly determined by the UNAC. |
||
In metropolitan MBE, water and sewerage services are provided by 37 private regional water and sewerage companies and 29 mostly smaller private "water only" companies. In |
In metropolitan MBE, water and sewerage services are provided by 37 private regional water and sewerage companies and 29 mostly smaller private "water only" companies. In Jusdelva water and sewerage services are provided by a single public company, Jusdelva Water. |
||
== Demographics == |
== Demographics == |
||
[[Image:List of cities in MBE by population.PNG|right|thumb|600px|Cities in Great Morstaybishlia by size]] |
[[Image:List of cities in MBE by population.PNG|right|thumb|600px|Cities in Great Morstaybishlia by size]] |
||
Great Morstaybishlia held a population census in May 2021 and recorded 515,889,582 people, making it the second most populous country in the world behind [[Packilvania]]. It has an urban population of 437,990,255 (83.90%), of which 179,576,005 (41%) is urban cities and 187,897,819 (42.9%) is urban towns. Barkoln is the most populous province, as the mean centre of Great Morstaybishlia's population has consistently shifted to the [[Sani Bursil|Cradle of Aurora]]. [[Sani Bursil]] is the most populous city, followed by |
Great Morstaybishlia held a population census in May 2021 and recorded 515,889,582 people, making it the second most populous country in the world behind [[Packilvania]]. It has an urban population of 437,990,255 (83.90%), of which 179,576,005 (41%) is urban cities and 187,897,819 (42.9%) is urban towns. Barkoln is the most populous province, as the mean centre of Great Morstaybishlia's population has consistently shifted to the [[Sani Bursil|Cradle of Aurora]]. [[Sani Bursil]] is the most populous city, followed by Rouanezkador and Kirdintayos. Great Morstaybishlia has a rural population of 83,058,222 (16.10%). |
||
The total fertility rate in Great Morstaybishlia estimated for 2020 is 2.4 children per woman, which is above the replacement fertility rate of approximately 2.1. The Great Morstaybishlia Census Bureau shows a population increase of 3% for the twelve-month period ending in September 2014. This is considerably high by industrialised country standards, being above the world average annual rate of 1.1%. |
The total fertility rate in Great Morstaybishlia estimated for 2020 is 2.4 children per woman, which is above the replacement fertility rate of approximately 2.1. The Great Morstaybishlia Census Bureau shows a population increase of 3% for the twelve-month period ending in September 2014. This is considerably high by industrialised country standards, being above the world average annual rate of 1.1%. |
||
Line 827: | Line 789: | ||
Whites constitute the majority of Great Morstaybishlia's population, with a total of 438.94 million or 91.53% of the population as of 2020. Non-Ethal or Non-Kostuv whites make up 76% of the country's population. Despite major changes due to immigration since the 1950s, and the higher birth-rates of nonwhites, the overall current majority of Morstaybishlian citizens are still white, and Staynish-speaking, though regional differences exist. |
Whites constitute the majority of Great Morstaybishlia's population, with a total of 438.94 million or 91.53% of the population as of 2020. Non-Ethal or Non-Kostuv whites make up 76% of the country's population. Despite major changes due to immigration since the 1950s, and the higher birth-rates of nonwhites, the overall current majority of Morstaybishlian citizens are still white, and Staynish-speaking, though regional differences exist. |
||
[[File:MBE population density by province.png|right|thumb|600px|Great Morstaybishlian provinces by population density; in this map it is clear which provinces of |
[[File:MBE population density by province.png|right|thumb|600px|Great Morstaybishlian provinces by population density; in this map it is clear which provinces of Valeria the [[Zycannes]] mountain range pass through.]] |
||
The Morstaybishlian population almost quadroupled during the 20th century—at a growth rate of about (?)% a year—from about 90.2 million in 1900 to 381 million in 2000. It reached the 300 million mark in 1978, and the 400 million mark on the 26th of May 2007. According to the Census Bureau's estimation for 2015, 29.7% of Morstaybishlian children under the age of 1 belonged to minority groups. |
The Morstaybishlian population almost quadroupled during the 20th century—at a growth rate of about (?)% a year—from about 90.2 million in 1900 to 381 million in 2000. It reached the 300 million mark in 1978, and the 400 million mark on the 26th of May 2007. According to the Census Bureau's estimation for 2015, 29.7% of Morstaybishlian children under the age of 1 belonged to minority groups. |
||
Line 835: | Line 797: | ||
The Census Bureau projects a MBE population of 500 million in 2025, a (?)% increase from (?) ((?) million). |
The Census Bureau projects a MBE population of 500 million in 2025, a (?)% increase from (?) ((?) million). |
||
The average population density of Great Morstaybishlia is 81 people per square kilometer. On average, |
The average population density of Great Morstaybishlia is 81 people per square kilometer. On average, Jusdelva and Valeria are the densest constituent countries with 102.99 and 98.13 people per square kilometer respectively. On the other end of the spectrum Kaltariezh and Staynes are less dense with 80.61 and 69.12 people per square kilometer. The Sani Bursil metropolitan area is the densest region of the MBE with 9,859.37 people per square kilometer and the province of Jubrionas is the sparsest with 6.87 people per square kilometer. Six of the top ten largest provinces by population density are from Valeria, including Kladnes, which has a population density of 655.77 people per square kilometer and Kalidest, which has a population density of 645.46 people per square kilometer; the latter is where the capital Kirdintayos of Valeria is. Jusdelva observes the most even spread of population density by province, the densest province is Isekaiou with 534.51 people per square kilometer and the sparsest is the Western Outliers with 73.36 people per square kilometer. |
||
===Ethnic groups=== |
===Ethnic groups=== |
||
[[File:Berowalt Penn.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Former table tennis world champion Berowalt Penn is an example of a southern Auroran with fair skin.]] |
[[File:Berowalt Penn.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Former table tennis world champion Berowalt Penn is an example of a southern Auroran with fair skin.]] |
||
Historically, indigenous Morstaybishlian people were thought to be descended from the various ethnic groups that settled around the north coast of Aurora around 40 to 50 thousand BC: the Jubrites, Maltites and Kosites, who are thought to be the direct descendants of the Strathepolic people and the oldest ethnic group in the Aurora. A 2012 genetic study shows that more than 35% of the Morstaybishlian gene pool contains Salovian Y and Ethalrian Y chromosomes. Another 2015 genetic analysis indicates that "about 73% of the traceable ancestors of the modern Staynish population had arrived in the Staynish lands by about 10 thousand years ago, at the start of the Maltervenian Neolithic or Stone Age", and that the Staynish broadly share a common ancestry with the Axdelian people. A separate study conducted in |
Historically, indigenous Morstaybishlian people were thought to be descended from the various ethnic groups that settled around the north coast of Aurora around 40 to 50 thousand BC: the Jubrites, Maltites and Kosites, who are thought to be the direct descendants of the Strathepolic people and the oldest ethnic group in the Aurora. A 2012 genetic study shows that more than 35% of the Morstaybishlian gene pool contains Salovian Y and Ethalrian Y chromosomes. Another 2015 genetic analysis indicates that "about 73% of the traceable ancestors of the modern Staynish population had arrived in the Staynish lands by about 10 thousand years ago, at the start of the Maltervenian Neolithic or Stone Age", and that the Staynish broadly share a common ancestry with the Axdelian people. A separate study conducted in Valeria found that only 30% of the gene pool contains the broad plethora of Morstaybishlian genes, with the rest coming from either West or East Aurora. Valeria was one of the last areas on Aurora to be truly inhabited by humans as the Zycannes prevented the immediate habitation and thus the descendants from the Kosites who traveled eastward eventually migrated to the Southern-Central Auroran coast and more specifically Valeria. |
||
[[File:A Morst bride and groom.jpeg|right|thumb|250px|A bride and groom from Morstaybishlia who have the most common skin colour, found native to north Staynes and |
[[File:A Morst bride and groom.jpeg|right|thumb|250px|A bride and groom from Morstaybishlia who have the most common skin colour, found native to north Staynes and Kaltariezh.]] |
||
Jusdelva sits on the remaining land area of the Strathepolic archipelago and it is believed that over 90% of Auroran's ancestry originate here. A large land bridge extending from west-Jusdelva to Bai Lung and then to the Staynish-Kaltariz border became the premier travelway of the two continents after the early submerging of a land bridge from Peregrinia through the Morstaybishlian Cerenerian Territories and the Oan Isles connecting to the easternmost Auroran coastline. The Strathepolic people mainly lived in and around the northern Strathepolic ridge but migrated southwards during its erosion to strong Cerenerian currents. A study found that Jussie genes are closely comparable of those genes thought to be pure-Morstaybishlian. |
|||
Since the mid to late 19th century and the early 20th century substantial immigration from the Gordic Council and the Kuthern Commonwealth, the Caliphate, and Overseas Territories has been a legacy of ties forged by the Morstaybishlian Empire. Migration from UNAC (formerly ACA) member states in Western and Eastern Aurora since 2017 has resulted in growth in these population groups, although some of this migration has been temporary. Since the 2000s, there has been substantial diversification of the immigrant population, with migrants to the MBE coming from a much wider range of countries than previous waves, which tended to involve larger numbers of migrants coming from a relatively small number of countries. |
Since the mid to late 19th century and the early 20th century substantial immigration from the Gordic Council and the Kuthern Commonwealth, the Caliphate, and Overseas Territories has been a legacy of ties forged by the Morstaybishlian Empire. Migration from UNAC (formerly ACA) member states in Western and Eastern Aurora since 2017 has resulted in growth in these population groups, although some of this migration has been temporary. Since the 2000s, there has been substantial diversification of the immigrant population, with migrants to the MBE coming from a much wider range of countries than previous waves, which tended to involve larger numbers of migrants coming from a relatively small number of countries. |
||
Ethnic diversity varies significantly across Great Morstaybishlia. Just over 26% (11 million) of Sani Bursil's population and 25% of Aternum's was estimated to be non-white in 2017, whereas less than 5% of the populations of western- |
Ethnic diversity varies significantly across Great Morstaybishlia. Just over 26% (11 million) of Sani Bursil's population and 25% of Aternum's was estimated to be non-white in 2017, whereas less than 5% of the populations of western-Kaltariezh, north Valeria and central Staynes were from ethnic minorities, according to the 2017 census. In 2016, 28.8% of primary and 26.4% of secondary pupils at state schools in Staynes were members of an ethnic minority. The 1997 census was the first MBE census to have a question on ethnic group. In the 1997 MBE census 92.8% of people reported themselves as being White Morstaybishlian or White Other with 7.2% of people reporting themselves as coming from other minority groups. |
||
During the early 20th century at the outbreak of the [[Great War]], Packilvanian migrants came in waves amounting up to nearly five million. After the war, Ethalrian and Salovian migrants numbered nearly 920,000. Staynes has had small |
During the early 20th century at the outbreak of the [[Great War]], Packilvanian migrants came in waves amounting up to nearly five million. After the war, Ethalrian and Salovian migrants numbered nearly 920,000. Staynes has had small Ulvriktru community for many centuries, subject to occasional expulsions, but Staynish Ulvriktru's numbered fewer than 16,000 at the end of the 1910s. During the early-mid 20th century, due to the uncertain political situation and strong support for independence in Axdel, then a Dominion of the Empire, nearly two million people migrated to the fatherland, most being humans. After the Auroran-Imperial War, there was significant immigration from the colonies and newly independent former colonies, many from [[Lokania]] and independent Valeria, partly as a legacy of empire and partly driven by labour shortages. |
||
===Major cities=== |
===Major cities=== |
||
Great Morstaybishlia is a highly urbanised country, with its top ten largest cities (in terms of metropolitan area population in 2021) being Bursil (17,450,424), |
Great Morstaybishlia is a highly urbanised country, with its top ten largest cities (in terms of metropolitan area population in 2021) being Bursil (17,450,424), Rouanezkador (12,771,347), Celidizia (9,615,493), Kirdintayos (8,968,446), Lambertupol (6,712,896), Verhana (6,530,211), Gersega (5,632,889), Valeron (5,121,347), Redrugus (4,618,192) and Fort Jubrayn (4,568,118). Rural flight was a perennial political issue throughout most of the 20th century. |
||
{{Largest cities |
{{Largest cities |
||
Line 868: | Line 830: | ||
|img_1 = Sani Bursil lower resolution.jpg |
|img_1 = Sani Bursil lower resolution.jpg |
||
| city_2 = |
| city_2 = Rouanezkador |
||
| div_2 = Dovia |
| div_2 = Dovia |
||
| pop_2 = 12,771,347 |
| pop_2 = 12,771,347 |
||
Line 958: | Line 920: | ||
===Languages=== |
===Languages=== |
||
[[File:Staynish Alphabet.jpg|right|thumb|220px|The Staynish alphabet]] |
[[File:Staynish Alphabet.jpg|right|thumb|220px|The Staynish alphabet.]] |
||
Great Morstaybishlia's de facto official language is Staynish and |
Great Morstaybishlia's de facto official language is Staynish and Kalt. As a first language, it is estimated that 90.7 percent of the MBE's population speak Staynish, whilst 3.5 percent speak Ethalrian, 3 percent speak Kalt, 0.7 percent speaks Horkalic, 0.7 percent speaks Salovian, 0.3 percent speak Axdelian and 1.1 percent speak other languages as a first language. |
||
4 percent of the population are estimated to speak languages brought to the MBE as a result of relatively recent immigration. Yasterian languages, including [[Packilvania|Packilvanian]] |
4 percent of the population are estimated to speak languages brought to the MBE as a result of relatively recent immigration. Cerenerian and Yasterian languages, including [[Packilvania|Packilvanian]] among others, are the largest grouping and are spoken by 2.5 percent of the MBE population. According to the 2017 census, [[wikipedia:Ethalrian language|Ethalrian]] is the largest non-Morstaybishlian-Auroran language spoken in Morstaybishlia and has 14.3 million speakers. |
||
There are two recognized regional languages spoken across Great Morstaybishlia: |
There are two recognized regional languages spoken across Great Morstaybishlia: Axdelian and Jusdelviz. They are recognized as regional or minority languages, by the United Nations of the Auroran Continent, under the Auroran Charter for Regional or Minority Languages and the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. As it is a UNAC member state, this therefore obliges the Great Morstaybishlian government to provide them specific measures of protection and promotion. |
||
In the 2017 Census over a forth (25.6%) of the population of the Province of Horkalo said they could speak Horkalic, an increase from the 2007 Census (23%). In addition it is estimated that about 200,000 Horkalese speakers live elsewhere in Staynes. Over 492,000 people in |
In the 2017 Census over a forth (25.6%) of the population of the Province of Horkalo said they could speak Horkalic, an increase from the 2007 Census (23%). In addition it is estimated that about 200,000 Horkalese speakers live elsewhere in Staynes. Over 492,000 people in Jusdelva (just 3% of the population) had varying Reoa language ability, including 66% of those living on the eastern islands. The number of schoolchildren being taught through minority languages are increasing. |
||
It is compulsory for Staynish and |
It is compulsory for Staynish and Kaltariz pupils to study the Staynish and Kalt languages up to the age of 16 in their respective countries, whilst only Staynish is taught in Valeria and Jusdelvic is taught with Staynish in Jusdelva. During Sixth Form is it optional to learn a foreign language, Kostuvian and Axdelian are the two most commonly taught foreign languages in Staynes and Kaltariezh. |
||
===Religion=== |
===Religion=== |
||
Line 974: | Line 936: | ||
[[Thaerism]] has dominated religious life in what is now Great Morstaybishlia for over 1200 years. Although a majority of citizens still identify with Thaerism in many surveys, regular temple attendance has fallen dramatically since the late 19th century, while immigration and demographic change have contributed to the growth of other faiths, most notably [[Paxism]]. This has led some commentators to variously describe Great Morstaybishlia as a multi-faith or secularised. |
[[Thaerism]] has dominated religious life in what is now Great Morstaybishlia for over 1200 years. Although a majority of citizens still identify with Thaerism in many surveys, regular temple attendance has fallen dramatically since the late 19th century, while immigration and demographic change have contributed to the growth of other faiths, most notably [[Paxism]]. This has led some commentators to variously describe Great Morstaybishlia as a multi-faith or secularised. |
||
In the 2019 census 65.2 per cent of all respondents indicated that they were Thaerists, with the next largest faiths being Paxism (4 per cent), [[ |
In the 2019 census 65.2 per cent of all respondents indicated that they were Thaerists, with the next largest faiths being Paxism (4 per cent), [[Akronism]] (3.2 per cent), Varism (0.6 per cent), Ulvriktru (0.3 per cent), Ademarism (0.2 per cent) and all other religions (0.3 per cent). 20.8 per cent of respondents stated that they had no religion, with a further 5.4 per cent not stating a religious preference. Vaerism holds a religious stronghold in the Nocturne province of Kaltariezh with over 87% of Morstaybishlians practicing Vaerism living there. |
||
The state recognises religious organisations according to formal legal criteria that do not address religious doctrine. Conversely, religious organisations are expected to refrain from intervening in policy-making. Certain groups are considered cults and therefore do not have the same status as recognised religions in Great Morstaybishlia. Cults are considered a pejorative term in Great Morstaybishlia. |
The state recognises religious organisations according to formal legal criteria that do not address religious doctrine. Conversely, religious organisations are expected to refrain from intervening in policy-making. Certain groups are considered cults and therefore do not have the same status as recognised religions in Great Morstaybishlia. Cults are considered a pejorative term in Great Morstaybishlia. |
||
Line 985: | Line 947: | ||
A government commission's report in 2014 found that privately educated people comprise 8% of the general population of the MBE but much larger percentages of the top professions, the most extreme case quoted being 70% of senior judges. |
A government commission's report in 2014 found that privately educated people comprise 8% of the general population of the MBE but much larger percentages of the top professions, the most extreme case quoted being 70% of senior judges. |
||
In Staynes, |
In Staynes, Kaltariezh and Valeria, it is compulsory for all primary and secondary schools to have a uniform, whilst in Jusdelva most schools do not have a compulsory uniform policy in place. A school uniform typically consists of a blazer in the school colours or a white shirt or blouse; a tie, trousers or skirt in a black, grey, or blue and black shoes. It could also be a shirt, sweater, and tie or a polo shirt and a sweatshirt. |
||
===Healthcare=== |
===Healthcare=== |
||
Healthcare in Great Morstaybishlia is a devolved matter and each country has its own system of private and publicly funded health care, together with alternative, holistic and complementary treatments. Public healthcare is provided to all MBE permanent residents and is mostly free at the point of need, being paid for from general taxation. The UNAC, in 2019, ranked the provision of healthcare in Great Morstaybishlia as |
Healthcare in Great Morstaybishlia is a devolved matter and each country has its own system of private and publicly funded health care, together with alternative, holistic and complementary treatments. Public healthcare is provided to all MBE permanent residents and is mostly free at the point of need, being paid for from general taxation. The UNAC, in 2019, ranked the provision of healthcare in Great Morstaybishlia as 3rd in Aurora and 12th in the world. Since 1975 expenditure on healthcare has been increased significantly to bring it closer to the highest world standards. The MBE spends around 7 per cent of its gross domestic product on healthcare, which is about one and a half percentage points lower than the average of the United Nations of the Auroran Continent. |
||
Regulatory bodies are organised on a MBE-wide basis such as the General Medical Council, the Nursing and Midwifery Council and non-governmental-based, such as the Royal Colleges. However, political and operational responsibility for healthcare lies with four national executives; healthcare in Staynes and |
Regulatory bodies are organised on a MBE-wide basis such as the General Medical Council, the Nursing and Midwifery Council and non-governmental-based, such as the Royal Colleges. However, political and operational responsibility for healthcare lies with four national executives; healthcare in Staynes and Kaltariezh is the responsibility of the Morstaybishlian Government; healthcare in Valeria is the responsibility of the South Staynish Assembly, and healthcare in Jusdelva is the responsibility of the Jusdelvic Assembly. |
||
==Culture== |
==Culture== |
||
The culture of Great Morstaybishlia has been influenced by many factors including: the nation's Auroran status; its history as a western liberal democracy and as a superpower; as well as being a political union of four countries with each preserving elements of distinctive traditions, customs and symbolism. As a result of the [[Morstaybishlian Empire]], Morstaybishlian influence can be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former and current colonies including |
The culture of Great Morstaybishlia has been influenced by many factors including: the nation's Auroran status; its history as a western liberal democracy and as a superpower; as well as being a political union of four countries with each preserving elements of distinctive traditions, customs and symbolism. As a result of the [[Morstaybishlian Empire]], Morstaybishlian influence can be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former and current colonies including [[Louzaria]], [[Nevez Kaltariezh]], [[Axdel]], [[Joralesia]], [[Atiland]], [[Lokania]], [[Rodenia]] and parts of [[Free Pax States]] and [[Nation/The Oan Isles|The Oan Isles]]. The substantial cultural influence of Great Morstaybishlia has led it to be described as a "cultural superpower". A global opinion poll for the [[MBC]] saw Great Morstaybishlia ranked the third most positively viewed nation in the world (behind [[West Cerdani]] and [[East Malaysia]]) in 2014 and 2015. |
||
===Freedoms and rights=== |
===Freedoms and rights=== |
||
Line 1,007: | Line 969: | ||
===Literature=== |
===Literature=== |
||
The earliest Morstaybishlian literature dates from the early Middle Ages during the [[Staynes#Second Interregnum Period|Second Interregnum Period]], when what is now known as modern Staynes did not have a single, uniform language. There was several languages and dialects, and writers used their own spelling and grammar. During the Middle Staynish language period, most literature was written in the same language except for splinter dialects in what is now Horkalo and Valeria. |
|||
[[File:Riannius Belver.jpg|right|thumb|175px|Riannius Belver, the founding father of Morstaybishlian literature]] |
|||
The earliest Morstaybishlian literature dates from the early Middle Ages during the [[Staynes#Second Interregnum Period|Second Interregnum Period]], when what is now known as modern Staynes did not have a single, uniform language. There was several languages and dialects, and writers used their own spelling and grammar. During the Middle Staynish language period, most literature was written in the same language except for splinter dialects in what is now Horkalo and South Staynes. |
|||
Much medieval Staynish poetry and literature were inspired by the legends of [[Pip the Gallant]] and his predecessors in the [[Staynnica|Kingdom of Staynnica]]. Other medieval poetry and literature hailing from |
Much medieval Staynish poetry and literature were inspired by the legends of [[Pip the Gallant]] and his predecessors in the [[Staynnica|Kingdom of Staynnica]]. Other medieval poetry and literature hailing from Kaltariezh depicts the legendary Colonarius and other historical military figures. |
||
After the printing press was introduced in |
After the printing press was introduced in Kaltariezh and later Staynes in 1475, [[wikipedia:Vernacular literature|vernacular literature]] flourished. During this period, theatrical playwrights portrayed romances, tragedies, comedies and histories became very common. Morstaybishlian literature and poetry flourished even more in the 18th and 19th centuries where things like arts, sciences, languages and philosophy were very popular as well as children's fairy tales becoming widespread. The age of reason bought with it a rational and scientific approach to religious, social, political and economic issues that promoted a secular view of the world and a general sense of progress and perfectibility. Led by the philosophers who were inspired by the discoveries of the previous century they sought to discover and to act upon universally valid principles governing humanity, nature, and society. They variously attacked spiritual and scientific authority, dogmatism, intolerance, censorship, and economic and social restraints. They considered the state the proper and rational instrument of progress. The extreme rationalism and skepticism of the age led naturally to deism and also played a part in bringing the later reaction of romanticism. |
||
[[File:Riannius Belver.jpg|left|thumb|175px|Riannius Belver, the founding father of Morstaybishlian literature.]] |
|||
The Romantic period was one of major social change in Staynes (at the time included South Staynes) and Caltharus, because of the depopulation of the countryside and the rapid development of overcrowded industrial cities, that took place in the period roughly between 1750 and 1850. The movement of so many people in Staynes and Caltharus was the result of two forces: the Agricultural Revolution, that involved the Enclosure of the land, drove workers off the land, and the Industrial Revolution which provided them employment. Romanticism may be seen in part as a reaction to the Industrial Revolution, though it was also a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment, as well a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature. |
|||
The Romantic period was one of major social change in Staynes (at the time included Valeria) and Kaltariezh, because of the depopulation of the countryside and the rapid development of overcrowded industrial cities, that took place in the period roughly between 1750 and 1850. The movement of so many people in Staynes and Kaltariezh was the result of two forces: the Agricultural Revolution, that involved the Enclosure of the land, drove workers off the land, and the Industrial Revolution which provided them employment. Romanticism may be seen in part as a reaction to the Industrial Revolution, though it was also a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment, as well a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature. |
|||
During the reigns of [[Florence II]], [[Frederick III]] and [[Rosamund II]] (1810-1897) the novel became the leading literary genre in Staynish. Women played an important part in this rising popularity both as authors and as readers. Satirical novels and plays were very common. Poetry of this era was heavily influenced by the romantics, but also went off in its own directions. Particularly notable was the development of [[wikipedia:Dramatic monologue|dramatic monologue]], a form used by many poets in this period. Drama changed in this period with a profusion on Bursil stage of [[wikipedia:Farce|farces]], [[wikipedia:Victorian burlesque|musical burlesques]], [[wikipedia:extravaganzas|extravaganzas]] and [[wikipedia:comic operas|comic operas]]. |
During the reigns of [[Florence II]], [[Frederick III]] and [[Rosamund II]] (1810-1897) the novel became the leading literary genre in Staynish. Women played an important part in this rising popularity both as authors and as readers. Satirical novels and plays were very common. Poetry of this era was heavily influenced by the romantics, but also went off in its own directions. Particularly notable was the development of [[wikipedia:Dramatic monologue|dramatic monologue]], a form used by many poets in this period. Drama changed in this period with a profusion on Bursil stage of [[wikipedia:Farce|farces]], [[wikipedia:Victorian burlesque|musical burlesques]], [[wikipedia:extravaganzas|extravaganzas]] and [[wikipedia:comic operas|comic operas]]. |
||
Line 1,025: | Line 987: | ||
===Architecture=== |
===Architecture=== |
||
[[File:Batak Toba House.jpg|right|thumb|200px|A traditional Manou architecture building in Marlou, |
[[File:Batak Toba House.jpg|right|thumb|200px|A traditional Manou architecture building in Marlou, Jusdelva.]] |
||
On continental Auroran, the architecture of Great Morstaybishlia has a long, rich and diverse history. Every major Auroran style from Maltervenic to Postmodern is represented, including renowned examples of Maltesque, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Classical, Modern and International Style architecture. |
On continental Auroran, the architecture of Great Morstaybishlia has a long, rich and diverse history. Every major Auroran style from Maltervenic to Postmodern is represented, including renowned examples of Maltesque, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Classical, Modern and International Style architecture. |
||
Jusdelva deviates the most from this theme; it has a wide array of modern colonial architecture and themes of pre-colonial vernacular architecture. The houses are at the centre of a web of customs, taboos, traditional laws, social relations, myths and religions that bind communities together. Pre colonial houses would have provided the main focus for the family and its community, and is the point of departure for many activities of its residents. Villagers build their own homes, or a community will pool their resources for a structure built under the direction of a master builder or carpenter. |
|||
[[File:Hamasin's wall near Montinay.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Hamasin's Wall, a historic border-wall with the Kormistazic Empire created in c.200 BCE by the First Maltervenian Empire, which stretches across the Molvian Corridor.]] |
[[File:Hamasin's wall near Montinay.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Hamasin's Wall, a historic border-wall with the Kormistazic Empire created in c.200 BCE by the First Maltervenian Empire, which stretches across the Molvian Corridor.]] |
||
Line 1,051: | Line 1,013: | ||
===Music=== |
===Music=== |
||
[[File:12 Hole Ocarina.jpg|right|thumb|150px|The [[wikipedia:Ocarina|Ocarina]] originated from Morstaybishlia]] |
|||
Throughout its history, Great Morstaybishlia has been a major producer and source of musical creation, drawing its artistic basis from the wealth of music from many cultures across the four constituent countries. |
Throughout its history, Great Morstaybishlia has been a major producer and source of musical creation, drawing its artistic basis from the wealth of music from many cultures across the four constituent countries. |
||
[[File:Lyre as depicted in ancient Valeria.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Detailed illustration found in modern day Valeria, showing a lyre being played by an Usprian elf in ancient Valeria.]] |
|||
Researchers have discovered archaeological evidence of musical instruments in many parts of Morstaybishlia. Some artifacts have been dated to 55,000 years old, while critics often dispute the findings. Consensus solidifying about artifacts dated back to around 27,000 years old and later. Artifacts made from durable materials, or constructed using durable methods, have been found to survive. |
|||
Researchers have discovered archaeological evidence of musical instruments in many parts of Morstaybishlia. Some artifacts have been dated to 55,000 years old, [[File:12 Hole Ocarina.jpg|right|thumb|150px|The [[wikipedia:Ocarina|Ocarina]] originated from Morstaybishlia.]] such as a Valerian flute made from an animal bone which was dated between 35,000 and 40,000 years old, while critics often dispute the findings. Consensus solidifying about artifacts dated back to around 27,000 years old and later. Artifacts made from durable materials, or constructed using durable methods, have been found to survive. |
|||
[[File:Lyre as depicted in ancient Valeria.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Detailed illustration found in modern day South Staynes, showing a lyre being played by an Usprian elf in ancient Valeria.]] |
|||
[[File:Flauta_paleolítica.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Valerian flute made from an animal bone, 35,000-40,000 years old.]] |
|||
Images of musical instruments begin to appear in Valerian artifacts in 3500 BC or earlier. Beginning around 3000 BC, Valerian (elven) culture began delineating two distinct classes of musical instruments due to division of labour and the evolving class system. Popular instruments, simple and playable by anyone, evolved differently from professional instruments whose development focused on effectiveness and skill. Only few examples from these time periods have been recovered. Even the process of assigning names to these instruments is challenging since there is no clear distinction among various instruments and the words used to describe them. Although Valerian artists mainly depicted ceremonial instruments, historians have distinguished that wind-based and string-based instruments were prominent in earlier Valerian society, creating [[Wikipedia:African harp|bow harps]], [[Wikipedia:Harps|harps]] and [[Wikipedia:Lyres|lyres]], as well as [[Wikipedia:Paleolithic flutes|bone flutes]]. |
Images of musical instruments begin to appear in Valerian artifacts in 3500 BC or earlier. Beginning around 3000 BC, Valerian (elven) culture began delineating two distinct classes of musical instruments due to division of labour and the evolving class system. Popular instruments, simple and playable by anyone, evolved differently from professional instruments whose development focused on effectiveness and skill. Only few examples from these time periods have been recovered. Even the process of assigning names to these instruments is challenging since there is no clear distinction among various instruments and the words used to describe them. Although Valerian artists mainly depicted ceremonial instruments, historians have distinguished that wind-based and string-based instruments were prominent in earlier Valerian society, creating [[Wikipedia:African harp|bow harps]], [[Wikipedia:Harps|harps]] and [[Wikipedia:Lyres|lyres]], as well as [[Wikipedia:Paleolithic flutes|bone flutes]]. |
||
During the period of time loosely referred to as the Middle Ages, Staynes and |
During the period of time loosely referred to as the Middle Ages, Staynes and Kaltariezh developed their own traditions of integrating musical influence from other regions. The first record of this type of influence is in 401 CE, when Staynes (then the second Maltervenian Empire) established an orchestra in its royal court after a conquest in the Kingdom of Corstania. Influences from other Auroran cultures, as well as Cerenerian, Arcturian, and other regions followed. In fact, early northern Auroran musical tradition attributes many musical instruments from this period to those regions. [[Wikipedia:Piano|Pianos]] became widely popular after its invention in Ethalria, along with more advanced trumpets, clarinets, flutes, drums, lutes, oboes and cymbals. |
||
[[File:ISFJ - 1.JPG|left|thumb|200px|The [[Wikipedia:Slide trumpet|slide trumpet]] was invented in 18th century Staynes.]] |
|||
[[File:The_Duet_c1635_by_Saftleven.jpg|right|thumb|250px|''The Duo'', by Staynish painter Arnos Buzolia, c. 1639; showing a [[Wikipedia:Violin|violinist]] and a [[Wikipedia:Cittern|cittern]] player.]] |
[[File:The_Duet_c1635_by_Saftleven.jpg|right|thumb|250px|''The Duo'', by Staynish painter Arnos Buzolia, c. 1639; showing a [[Wikipedia:Violin|violinist]] and a [[Wikipedia:Cittern|cittern]] player.]] |
||
Morstaybishlia had a large impact in musical instrument development from the 15th century onwards. Instruments took on other purposes than accompanying singing or dance, and performers used them as solo instruments, especially in the upper echelons of society. [[Wikipedia:Keyboard instrument|Keyboards]] and [[Wikipedia:Lute|lutes]] developed as polyphonic instruments, and composers arranged increasingly complicated pieces using advances in [[Wikipedia:Tablature|tablature]] techniques. Composers also began designing pieces of music for specific instruments. In the latter half of the sixteenth century, [[Wikipedia:Orchestration|orchestration]] came into common practice as a method of writing music for a variety of instruments. |
Morstaybishlia had a large impact in musical instrument development from the 15th century onwards. Instruments took on other purposes than accompanying singing or dance, and performers used them as solo instruments, especially in the upper echelons of society. [[Wikipedia:Keyboard instrument|Keyboards]] and [[Wikipedia:Lute|lutes]] developed as polyphonic instruments, and composers arranged increasingly complicated pieces using advances in [[Wikipedia:Tablature|tablature]] techniques. Composers also began designing pieces of music for specific instruments. In the latter half of the sixteenth century, [[Wikipedia:Orchestration|orchestration]] came into common practice as a method of writing music for a variety of instruments. Composers now specified orchestration where individual performers once applied their own discretion. The [[Wikipedia:Polyphony|polyphonic]] style dominated popular music, and the instrument makers responded accordingly. During this time, Morstaybishlian instrument builders developed features that would endure today. For example, while [[Wikipedia:Organ (music)|organs]] with multiple keyboards and pedals already existed, the first organs with solo stops emerged in the early fifteenth century. These stops were meant to produce a mixture of timbres, a development needed for the complexity of music of the time. |
||
Beginning in the seventeenth century, composers began writing works to a higher emotional degree. Bowed instruments such as the [[Wikipedia:Violin|violin]], [[Wikipedia:Viola|viola]], [[Wikipedia:Baryton|baryton]], and various lutes dominated popular music. Beginning in around 1755, however, the lute disappeared from musical compositions in favor of the rising popularity of the [[Wikipedia:Guitar|guitar]]. As the prevalence of [[Wikipedia:String orchestra|string orchestras]] rose, wind instruments such as the flute, [[Wikipedia:Oboe|oboe]], and [[Wikipedia:Bassoon|bassoon]] were readmitted to counteract the monotony of hearing only strings. This period saw the [[Wikipedia:Slide trumpet|slide trumpet]] invented in Staynes. [[File:E-mu Modular System @ Cantos (trapezoid transformed).jpg|right|thumb|200px|This modular synthesizer designed in Bursil is one of the first modern ''polyphonic synthesizers''.]] [[File:Bee Gees Midnight Special 1973.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Morstaybishlian band The Swallows in 1963; one of the most successful pop bands of all time.]] |
|||
[[File:ISFJ - 1.JPG|right|thumb|180px|An artist playing the [[Wikipedia:Slide trumpet|slide trumpet]], invented in the 18th century in Staynes.]] |
|||
Beginning in the seventeenth century, composers began writing works to a higher emotional degree. Bowed instruments such as the [[Wikipedia:Violin|violin]], [[Wikipedia:Viola|viola]], [[Wikipedia:Baryton|baryton]], and various lutes dominated popular music. Beginning in around 1755, however, the lute disappeared from musical compositions in favor of the rising popularity of the [[Wikipedia:Guitar|guitar]]. As the prevalence of [[Wikipedia:String orchestra|string orchestras]] rose, wind instruments such as the flute, [[Wikipedia:Oboe|oboe]], and [[Wikipedia:Bassoon|bassoon]] were readmitted to counteract the monotony of hearing only strings. This period saw the [[Wikipedia:Slide trumpet|slide trumpet]] invented in Staynes. |
|||
During the Classical and Romantic periods of music, lasting from roughly 1750 to 1900, many musical instruments capable of producing new timbres and higher volume were developed and introduced into popular music. The design changes that broadened the quality of timbres allowed instruments to produce a wider variety of expression. Large orchestras rose in popularity and, in parallel, the composers determined to produce entire orchestral scores that made use of the expressive abilities of modern instruments. New instruments such as the [[Wikipedia:Clarinet|clarinet]], [[Wikipedia:Saxophone|saxophone]], and [[Wikipedia:Tuba|tuba]] became fixtures in orchestras. |
During the Classical and Romantic periods of music, lasting from roughly 1750 to 1900, many musical instruments capable of producing new timbres and higher volume were developed and introduced into popular music. The design changes that broadened the quality of timbres allowed instruments to produce a wider variety of expression. Large orchestras rose in popularity and, in parallel, the composers determined to produce entire orchestral scores that made use of the expressive abilities of modern instruments. New instruments such as the [[Wikipedia:Clarinet|clarinet]], [[Wikipedia:Saxophone|saxophone]], and [[Wikipedia:Tuba|tuba]] became fixtures in orchestras. |
||
[[File:Morst folk band.jpg|left|thumb|250px| |
[[File:Morst folk band.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Kaltariz folk band.]] |
||
[[File:E-mu Modular System @ Cantos (trapezoid transformed).jpg|right|thumb|250px|This modular synthesizer, designed in Sani Bursil, is one of world first modern ''polyphonic synthesizers''.]] |
|||
The proliferation of [[Wikipedia:Electricity|electricity]] in the 20th century lead to the creation of an entirely new category of musical instruments: electronic instruments, or [[Wikipedia:Electrophones|electrophones]]. The latter half of the 20th century saw the evolution of [[Wikipedia:Synthesizer|synthesizers]] and adoption of [[Wikipedia:Sampler (musical instrument)|samplers]]. |
The proliferation of [[Wikipedia:Electricity|electricity]] in the 20th century lead to the creation of an entirely new category of musical instruments: electronic instruments, or [[Wikipedia:Electrophones|electrophones]]. The latter half of the 20th century saw the evolution of [[Wikipedia:Synthesizer|synthesizers]] and adoption of [[Wikipedia:Sampler (musical instrument)|samplers]]. |
||
Each of the four countries of Great Morstaybishlia has its own diverse and distinctive [[Wikipedia:Folk music|folk music]] forms. Folk music has existed here since antiquity, and flourished until the era of industrialisation when it began to be replaced by new forms of popular music, including [[Wikipedia:Music hall|music hall]] and [[Wikipedia:Brass band|brass bands]]. Realisation of this led to academics and amateur scholars taking note of the musical traditions being lost, and over three waves, one in the late-19th century, one in the mid-20th century and one at the start of the 21st century; initiated various efforts to preserve the music of the people. The most notable effort involved was the collection of the texts of over three hundred [[Wikipedia:Ballads|ballads]] in the Staynish and |
Each of the four countries of Great Morstaybishlia has its own diverse and distinctive [[Wikipedia:Folk music|folk music]] forms. Folk music has existed here since antiquity, and flourished until the era of industrialisation when it began to be replaced by new forms of popular music, including [[Wikipedia:Music hall|music hall]] and [[Wikipedia:Brass band|brass bands]]. Realisation of this led to academics and amateur scholars taking note of the musical traditions being lost, and over three waves, one in the late-19th century, one in the mid-20th century and one at the start of the 21st century; initiated various efforts to preserve the music of the people. The most notable effort involved was the collection of the texts of over three hundred [[Wikipedia:Ballads|ballads]] in the Staynish and Kalt traditions, by Alemin Thompson-Fisher (called the Thompson-Fisher Ballads), some of which predate the 15th century. Valerian folklore, which had been a lifeline to their pre-Morstaybishlian kingdom before the 13th century, was widely lost in the industrial revolution, though scholars and amateur scholars preserved many of the vanishing ballads and folk dance songs. Valerian folklore has a revivalist movement which began in the mid 20th century. Overall, folk music as an important sub-culture within Morstaybishlian society. |
||
Forms of popular music, including folk music, [[Wikipedia:Jazz|jazz]], [[Wikipedia:Rapping|rapping]]/[[Wikipedia:Hip hop music|hip hop]], [[Wikipedia:Pop music|pop]] and [[Wikipedia:Rock music|rock music]], have particularly flourished in Great Morstaybishlia since the twentieth century. Morstaybishlia has had a large influence on popular music due to its size, and due to its linguistic and cultural links with many countries, particularly [[Peregrinia]] and [[Emberwood Coast]] and many of its former colonies, and its capacity for invention, innovation and fusion, which has led to the development of, or participation in, many of the major trends in popular music. In the early-20th century, influences from the [[Free Pax States]] became most dominant in popular music, with young performers producing their own versions of [[Cereneria|Cerenerian]] music, including [[Wikipedia:Rock and roll|rock n' roll]] from the late 1950s and developing a parallel music scene. This is particularly true since the early 1960s when the Morstaybishlian Invasion, led by The Swallows, helped to secure Morst performers a major place in development of pop and rock music. Since then, rock music and popular music contributed to a Morst-SEY collaboration, with genres being exchanged and exported to one another, where they tended to be adapted and turned into new movements, only to be exported back again. Genres originating in or radically developed by Morstaybishlian musicians include [[Wikipedia:Blues rock|blues rock]], [[Wikipedia:Heavy metal music|heavy metal]], [[Wikipedia:Progressive rock|progressive rock]], [[Wikipedia:Ska|ska]], [[Wikipedia:Hard rock|hard rock]], [[Wikipedia:Punk rock|punk rock]], [[Wikipedia:Bhangra (music)|Bhangra]], Morst [[Wikipedia:Folk rock|folk rock]], [[Wikipedia:Folk punk|folk punk]], [[Wikipedia:Acid jazz|acid jazz]], [[Wikipedia:Trip hop|trip hop]], [[Wikipedia:Shoegaze|shoegaze]], [[Wikipedia:Drum and bass|drum and bass]], [[Wikipedia:Gothic rock|goth rock]], [[Wikipedia:Grime (music genre)|grime]], [[Wikipedia:Afroswing|gondoswing]], [[Wikipedia:List of industrial music genres|industrial]] and [[Wikipedia:Dubstep|dubstep]]. |
|||
[[File:Staynish artist JAYJAY.png|right|thumb|180px|Staynish hip hop and pop artist JAYJAY on his 2021 Auroran tour.]] |
|||
[[File:Bee Gees Midnight Special 1973.jpg|left|thumb|170px|Morstaybishlian band The Swallows in 1963; one of the most successful pop bands of all time.]] |
|||
===Fashion and clothing=== |
|||
Forms of popular music, including folk music, [[Wikipedia:Jazz|jazz]], [[Wikipedia:Rapping|rapping]]/[[Wikipedia:Hip hop music|hip hop]], [[Wikipedia:Pop music|pop]] and [[Wikipedia:Rock music|rock music]], have particularly flourished in Great Morstaybishlia since the twentieth century. Morstaybishlia has had a large influence on popular music due to its size, and due to its linguistic and cultural links with many countries, particularly [[Peregrinia]] and [[Emberwood Coast]] and many of its former colonies, and its capacity for invention, innovation and fusion, which has led to the development of, or participation in, many of the major trends in popular music. In the early-20th century, influences from Peregrinia and [[Free Pacific States]] became most dominant in popular music, with young performers producing their own versions of South East Yasterian music, including [[Wikipedia:Rock and roll|rock n' roll]] from the late 1950s and developing a parallel music scene. This is particularly true since the early 1960s when the Morstaybishlian Invasion, led by The Swallows, helped to secure Morst performers a major place in development of pop and rock music. Since then, rock music and popular music contributed to a Morst-SEY collaboration, with genres being exchanged and exported to one another, where they tended to be adapted and turned into new movements, only to be exported back again. Genres originating in or radically developed by Morstaybishlian musicians include [[Wikipedia:Blues rock|blues rock]], [[Wikipedia:Heavy metal music|heavy metal]], [[Wikipedia:Progressive rock|progressive rock]], [[Wikipedia:Ska|ska]], [[Wikipedia:Hard rock|hard rock]], [[Wikipedia:Punk rock|punk rock]], [[Wikipedia:Bhangra (music)|Bhangra]], Morst [[Wikipedia:Folk rock|folk rock]], [[Wikipedia:Folk punk|folk punk]], [[Wikipedia:Acid jazz|acid jazz]], [[Wikipedia:Trip hop|trip hop]], [[Wikipedia:Shoegaze|shoegaze]], [[Wikipedia:Drum and bass|drum and bass]], [[Wikipedia:Gothic rock|goth rock]], [[Wikipedia:Grime (music genre)|grime]], [[Wikipedia:Afroswing|gondoswing]], [[Wikipedia:List of industrial music genres|industrial]] and [[Wikipedia:Dubstep|dubstep]]. |
|||
{{multiple image |
|||
| align = left |
|||
| direction = horizontal |
|||
| image1 = Jus girl in traditional clothing.jpg |
|||
| width1 = 108 |
|||
| alt1 = |
|||
| caption1 = Jūs girl in traditional dress |
|||
| image2 = Vintage fashion.jpg |
|||
| width2 = 139 |
|||
| alt2 = |
|||
| caption2 = Men's fashion at a vintage festival |
|||
| image3 = 2010s fashion MBE.jpg |
|||
| width3 = 97 |
|||
| alt3 = |
|||
| caption3 = 2010s women's fashion |
|||
| image4 = Mens fashion MBE.jpg |
|||
| width4 = 100 |
|||
| alt4 = |
|||
| caption4 = 2010s men's fashion |
|||
| footer = |
|||
| footer_align = |
|||
}} |
|||
Dress norms in Great Morstaybishlia are generally consistent with those of post-industrial nations and have become largely informal since the mid-20th century. Clothing in Great Morstaybishlia also depends on a variety of factors including location, venue, and demographic factors such as ethnicity. [[Wikipedia:Jeans|Jeans]] are a consistent fashion trend among all classes, with variations being vast in both price and style. |
|||
[[Wikipedia:Conspicuous consumption|Conspicuous consumption]] and a desire for quality has led to a strong preference for designer label clothing among many in the middle and upper classes. The tolerance of body expression that deviates from the mainstream, such as complete body tattoos or nudism, is strongly linked to the sub-culture and location in which an individual may find themselves. The tolerance shown for personal expression such as cross-dressing and piercings varies greatly with location and sub-culture, and may be completely appropriate in one venue while being [[Wikipedia:Taboo|taboo]] in another. |
|||
Cities such as [[Sani Bursil]], Kasidura, Aurus, Credita, Khaeron and Aegis are known for their fashion and cosmetics markets. Smaller, but nonetheless prominent fashion destinations are Montinay, Sperry, Rosamundport, Springsfire, Cavenhelm, Kingsfort, Mathens and Burkash. |
|||
Particular regions and cities are known for their specialties, such as Aurus for casual attire and womenswear, Credita and the general north coast for eco-conscious fashion, Kasidura for formal menswear and Montinay for their swimwear. Sani Bursil is known for a variety of fashion categories and is the premier fashion destination in the Morstaybishlian market. Sandals, thinner and airier fabrics and lighter colour and pastels are found more commonly in the north where it is hotter and more humid. Fast-fashion and cosmetics industries have cropped up in many of the more highly urban cities. |
|||
[[Wikipedia:Bucket hat|Bucket hats]] are a common summers item, whilst [[Wikipedia:Aran jumper|cardigans]] are common in winter. Besides the south coast, winters are mild and as such thicker and warmer clothes are not as prevalent. [[Wikipedia:Flat cap|Flat caps]], [[Wikipedia:Wellington boot|wellington boots]] and [[Wikipedia:Tweed#Types of tweed|silk tweeds]], among others, are found across the countryside. [[Wikipedia:Clog (British)|Clogs]] emerged in the Industrial Revolution and are still seen today. |
|||
===Visual art=== |
===Visual art=== |
||
Line 1,084: | Line 1,075: | ||
[[File:Ferdinand I, King of Romania, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen.jpg|right|thumb|125px|''Portrait of [[Thadeus I|Thadeus I]]'', by Sir Alvin Gaskin-Bishops, 1916.]] |
[[File:Ferdinand I, King of Romania, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen.jpg|right|thumb|125px|''Portrait of [[Thadeus I|Thadeus I]]'', by Sir Alvin Gaskin-Bishops, 1916.]] |
||
[[File:Pinkie detailed.jpg|left|thumb|150px|Tommeigh Lawton, ''Divine Elf'', 1790.]] |
[[File:Pinkie detailed.jpg|left|thumb|150px|Tommeigh Lawton, ''Divine Elf'', 1790.]] |
||
Morstaybishlian art refers to all forms of visual art in or associated with the country, and encompasses Staynish art, |
Morstaybishlian art refers to all forms of visual art in or associated with the country, and encompasses Staynish art, Kaltariz art, Valerian art and Jusdelvic art. During the 18th century Morstaybishlia began to reclaim the leading place it had played in Auroran art during the Middle Ages, being especially strong in portraiture and landscape art. Increasing Morstaybishlian prosperity led to a greatly increased production of both fine art and the decorative arts, the latter often being exported. The Romantic period resulted from very diverse talents. The 20th century saw a great diversity of art, and a far bigger quantity created than before. |
||
The training of artists, which had long been neglected, began to improve in the 18th century through government and private initiatives, and greatly expanded in the 19th century. Public exhibitions and the later opening of museums brought art to a wider public, especially in Sani Bursil. In the 19th century publicly displayed religious art once again became popular after a virtual absence for over a hundred years. |
The training of artists, which had long been neglected, began to improve in the 18th century through government and private initiatives, and greatly expanded in the 19th century. Public exhibitions and the later opening of museums brought art to a wider public, especially in Sani Bursil. In the 19th century publicly displayed religious art once again became popular after a virtual absence for over a hundred years. |
||
Line 1,093: | Line 1,084: | ||
===Cuisine=== |
===Cuisine=== |
||
[[File:Traditional Morstaybishlian roast dinner.png|right|thumb|230px|A traditional roast dinner.]] Morstaybishlian cuisine is the heritage of cooking traditions and practices associated with Great Morstaybishlia through centuries of social and political changes, with roots as far back as the 6th century. It is a mixture of southwestern cuisine (especially Toranslic) and the wider Maltervic cuisine. Morstaybishlian cuisine has historically been divided into town, castle, monastic, parsonage, cottage and farmhouse cuisines. Significant changes occured come the advent of colonialism, which profoundly enriched its native cooking traditions, bringing items such as tomatoes, potatoes, and many root vegetables that became main ingredients of the cuisine starting in the late 17th century. Due to the variety of Morstaybishlian cultural and natural landscapes, there are more than forty five distinct regional cuisines with an abundance of difference in taste and presentation. Morstaybishlian cuisine is popular around the world. |
|||
[[File:Toad in the hole with broccoli.png|right|thumb|150px|Frog in the Pit (''Sausage Toad'') with broccoli]] |
|||
Morstaybishlian cuisine is the heritage of cooking traditions and practices associated with Great Morstaybishlia. Although Morstaybishlia has a rich indigenous culinary tradition, its colonial history has profoundly enriched its native cooking traditions. Morst cuisine absorbed the cultural influences of its post-colonial territories – in particular those of the Concordian Ocean area. |
|||
[[File:Hobstiberry pie.jpg|left|thumb|140px|Hobstiberry pie, Morstaybishlia's most famous sweet dish.]] |
|||
Some traditional meals, such as bread and cheese, roasted and stewed meats, meat and game pies, boiled vegetables and broths, fruit pies, and freshwater and saltwater fish have ancient origins. |
|||
Morstaybishlian cuisine is rich in fish, fruits, vegetables, game meats, potatoes, pastas and creams. It is characterised by its simplicity and variety, relying heavily on traditional products. North coast cuisine comprise primarily of lighter pasta dishes with fish, fruits and vegetables, and widely incorporate olives and olive oil in meals such as roasted vegetable and seafood pasta, baked cod and roasted vegetables, fish stew and vegetable paten. The inland shire regions and Toransla incorporate heavier ingredients such as pastries, game meats, potatoes and other root vegetables. Traditional meals include [[Wikipedia:Sunday roast|roast dinner]], [[Wikipedia:Game pie|game pie]], [[File:Morstaybishlian roasted vegetable and prawn pasta.jpg|right|thumb|210px|Roasted vegetable and prawn pasta from Marlinia.]][[Wikipedia:Shepherd's pie|shepherd's pie]], stews (for example [[Wikipedia:Clay pot cooking|claypot]] beef and potato), fruit pies (for example [[Hobstiberry|hobstiberry pie]] and [[wikipedia:Banoffee pie|Banoffee pie]]), and cheese dishes. [[Wikipedia:Gouda cheese|Gowder]], [[Wikipedia:Dorset Blue Vinney|Albreshire Blue]] and [[Wikipedia:Duddleswell cheese|Suwold]] are national cheeses. |
|||
[[File:Hobstiberry pie.jpg|left|thumb|125px|Hobstiberry pie, Morstaybishlia's most famous sweet dish]] |
|||
Morstaybishlian cooking has been influenced by foreign ingredients and cooking styles since the Middle Ages. [[wikipedia:Squid sandwich|Squid baguettes]] (formerly known as ''squid breads'') were introduced from [[New Leganes]] and adapted to Morst tastes from the eighteenth century. [[Tavaris|Tavari]] cuisine influenced Morst recipes throughout the late 17th and early 18th centuries, most notably [[wikipedia:Ceviche#Preparation and variants|Sevišala]]. After the rationing of the [[Great War]], Packilvanian cuisine became heavily popular, featuring meals which mainly featured rice with easy to cultivate root vegetables and pea variants. Another popular Packilvanian dish was [[wikipedia:Tajine|Tajine]] when meats became more easily available. |
Morstaybishlian cooking has been influenced by foreign ingredients and cooking styles since the Middle Ages. [[wikipedia:Squid sandwich|Squid baguettes]] (formerly known as ''squid breads'') were introduced from [[New Leganes]] and adapted to Morst tastes from the eighteenth century. [[Tavaris|Tavari]] cuisine influenced Morst recipes throughout the late 17th and early 18th centuries, most notably [[wikipedia:Ceviche#Preparation and variants|Sevišala]]. After the rationing of the [[Great War]], Packilvanian cuisine became heavily popular, featuring meals which mainly featured rice with easy to cultivate root vegetables and pea variants. Another popular Packilvanian dish was [[wikipedia:Tajine|Tajine]] when meats became more easily available. |
||
[[File:Roast lamb with roasted roots and coriander.jpg|right|thumb|175px|Roast lamb with roasted roots and coriander, a common national dish]] |
|||
Great Morstaybishlia has a large winemaking tradition, with the realm of Oglota being a protected winemaking region and one of the largest exporters of wines globally. Morstaybishlia is also a major producer of cider, beer and whiskey and liqueurs. |
|||
Some of the most popular savoury dishes that originated from Great Morstaybishlia include [[wikipedia:Sausage Toad|Sausage toad]] (''Frog in the Pit''), Roast Lamb with roast roots and coriander, [[wikipedia:Pasty|Pasty]], and pies of all sorts, including but not limited to [[wikipedia:Chicken and mushroom pie|Chicken and mushroom pie]], [[wikipedia:Steak and kidney pie|Steak and kidney pie]], [[wikipedia:Fish_pie#Royal fish pie|Fish pie]] and [[wikipedia:Shepherd's pie|Morst pie]]. |
|||
In addition to its wine tradition, Great Morstaybishlia is also a major producer of beer and whiskey. The three main Morstaybishlian brewing regions are Oglota (55% of national production), Calthia and Surbila. Morstaybishlia produces whiskey via distilleries located on islands such as Frorkstolm, the [[Morstaybishlian West Pacific Territories|West Pacific Territories]] and the [[Seligeze Islands]]. |
|||
Some popular sweet dishes that originated in Great Morstaybishlia include [[Hobstiberry|Hobstiberry pie]], [[wikipedia:Banoffee pie|Banoffee pie]], [[wikipedia:Trifle|Trifle]] and [[wikipedia:Derby pie|Chocolate and walnut pie]]. Hobstiberry pie was quick to spread around Urth due to the cultivation of hobstiberries across the Morstaybishlian Empire, and its simplicity to make. |
|||
===Media=== |
===Media=== |
||
''See also: [[List of political magazines of Great Morstaybishlia]]'' |
|||
The [[MBC]], founded in 1917, is Great Morstaybishlia's publicly funded radio, television and Internet broadcasting corporation, and is the oldest and largest broadcaster in the world. It operates numerous television and radio stations in the MBE and abroad and its domestic services are funded by the television licence. Other major players in the MBE media include STV- a media conglomerate of national broadcasters and newspapers, and the CTV, who themselves dominate the media scene in Caltharus since the 1930s. Sani Bursil dominates the media sector in the MBE: national newspapers and television and radio are largely based there, although Aeternum is also a significant national media centre. Kirdintayos and Valeron, and Port Makuh, are important centres of newspaper and broadcasting production in South Staynes and Justelvard respectively. The MBE publishing sector, including books, directories and databases, journals, magazines and business media, newspapers and news agencies, has a combined turnover of around £141 billion and employs around 1.1 million people. |
|||
The [[MBC]], founded in 1917, is Great Morstaybishlia's publicly funded radio, television and Internet broadcasting corporation, and is the oldest and largest broadcaster in the world. It operates numerous television and radio stations in the MBE and abroad and its domestic services are funded by the television licence. Other major players in the MBE media include STV, a media conglomerate of national broadcasters and newspapers; and the KS, who themselves dominate the media scene in Kaltariezh since the 1930s. Sani Bursil dominates the media sector in the MBE: national newspapers and television and radio are largely based there, although Rouanezkador is also a significant national media centre. Kirdintayos and Valeron, and Loeizaporzh, are important centres of newspaper and broadcasting production in Valeria and Jusdelva respectively. The MBE publishing sector, including books, directories and databases, journals, magazines and business media, newspapers and news agencies, has a combined turnover of around £141 billion and employs around 1.1 million people. |
|||
===Philosophy=== |
===Philosophy=== |
||
Line 1,115: | Line 1,102: | ||
===Sport=== |
===Sport=== |
||
[[File: |
[[File:Largest stadium in Kaltariz, the Karadmarh Stadium.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The largest football arena in Great Morstaybishlia is Karadmarh Stadium, which has a capacity of 100,000 people and is the home of the Kaltariz national football team.]] |
||
[[wikipedia:Football|Association football]] is the most popular sport in Morstaybishlia, varieties of which have been played in Morstaybishlia as far back as Maltervenic times. It has dominated the sport scene since the late 19th century. The Staynish national football team |
[[wikipedia:Football|Association football]] is the most popular sport in Morstaybishlia, varieties of which have been played in Morstaybishlia as far back as Maltervenic times. It has dominated the sport scene since the late 19th century. The Staynish national football team played and beat Kaltariezh in the first ever international tournament in 1869 at the Kaltariz venue, Karadmarh Stadium. Through its constituent countries, Great Morstaybishlia has hosted the Men's World Cup four times; Staynes hosted it in 1952, 1968 and 1992 and Kaltariezh hosted it in 1960. Staynes has had the most success, winning the world cup three times in 1960, 1964 and 1992, a record that is tied with [[Asendavia]], [[New Leganes]] and [[Vaklori]]. [[File:Erwan Tulesbury, football manager 2nd edition.jpg|left|thumb|230px|Erwan Tulesbury has been the head coach and manager of the Staynish national football team since 2024.]] Kaltariezh has also won a world cup in 1968. Combined, the constituent countries of Great Morstaybishlia has placed either second or third nine times. Valeria has had limited success, placing third place twice in 1984 and 1996. Staynes, Kaltariezh, Valeria and Jusdelva usually compete as separate countries in international competitions. |
||
At club level, |
At club level, Kaltariezh is recognised by the international football association as the birthplace of club football, due to Whitequeens F.C. being founded in 1852 and thus the world's oldest club. The Football Federation is the oldest governing body in the sport, where it drafted the first recognised football rules in the world in 1860. The FF Cup and The Football League were the first cup and league competitions respectively. In the modern day, the Morstaybishlian Premier League is the world's most-watched football league, most lucrative, and amongst the elite, attracting the highest average attendance of all professional sports leagues in the world. |
||
[[File:Gt3 championship.jpg|right|thumb|200px|2019 GT3 Championships, which the MBE won.]] |
[[File:Gt3 championship.jpg|right|thumb|200px|2019 GT3 Championships, which the MBE won.]] |
||
As is the case throughout the MBE, football in Staynes and |
As is the case throughout the MBE, football in Staynes and Kaltariezh are notable for the rivalries between clubs and the passion of the supporters, which includes a tradition of football chants. The most successful Morstaybishlian football team in the Auroran Cup is [[Celidizia F.C.]] who have won the competition a total of eight times. They are closely followed by Redrugus Rangers, who together, alongside Kuthern A.F.C., Walverdon United, K.P.D. Kemberporzh. and K.P.D. Gwernaven, make up the most decorated clubs across the MBE. |
||
Great Morstaybishlia is one of the leading motor sports countries in the world. Constructors like [[Royal Redrugus]] and Kerpten are prominent manufacturers in motor sport. Morstaybishlia came first place in the 2019 GT3 Championships in [[Blueacia]] |
Great Morstaybishlia is one of the leading motor sports countries in the world. Constructors like [[Royal Redrugus]] and Kerpten are prominent manufacturers in motor sport. Morstaybishlia came first place in the 2019 GT3 Championships in [[Blueacia]]. The Morstaybishlian oil and gas company [[Embask]] has been the lead sponsor for the GT3 Championships across various seasons. |
||
[[File:Horse-racing-1.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Millions of people tune in annually for the National Horse Races.]] |
[[File:Horse-racing-1.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Millions of people tune in annually for the National Horse Races.]] |
||
Horse racing and greyhound racing are both popular in Morstaybishlia. There are frequent horse race meetings and greyhound stadiums are well-attended. The mainland is noted for the breeding and training of race horses and is also a large exporter of racing dogs. [[File:MBE tabletennis.png|right|thumb|250px|[[Wikipedia:Table tennis|Table tennis]] was invented in |
Horse racing and greyhound racing are both popular in Morstaybishlia. There are frequent horse race meetings and greyhound stadiums are well-attended. The mainland is noted for the breeding and training of race horses and is also a large exporter of racing dogs. [[File:MBE tabletennis.png|right|thumb|250px|[[Wikipedia:Table tennis|Table tennis]] was invented in Valeria in 1888 and is the second most popular sport.]] The horse racing sector is largely concentrated in Redrugan. |
||
Great Morstaybishlia fields a single national rugby team and a single association, the Morstaybishlian Rugby Football Union, governs the sport across the nation. The Morstaybishlian rugby team have played in every Rugby World Cup, winning in 2003 and 2015. |
Great Morstaybishlia fields a single national rugby team and a single association, the Morstaybishlian Rugby Football Union, governs the sport across the nation. The Morstaybishlian rugby team have played in every Rugby World Cup, winning in 2003 and 2015. |
||
Today, Great Morstaybishlia is a major world sports powerhouse, with major sports in Morstaybishlia including [[Wikipedia:Table tennis|table tennis]], [[wikipedia:Tennis|tennis]], [[Wikipedia:Rugly union|rugby union]], [[wikipedia:Rugby league|rugby league]], [[wikipedia:Boxing|boxing]], [[wikipedia:Martial arts|martial arts]], [[wikipedia:swimming|swimming]] and other aquatic sports. |
Today, Great Morstaybishlia is a major world sports powerhouse, with major sports in Morstaybishlia including [[Wikipedia:Table tennis|table tennis]], [[wikipedia:Tennis|tennis]], [[Wikipedia:Rugly union|rugby union]], [[wikipedia:Rugby league|rugby league]], [[wikipedia:Boxing|boxing]], [[wikipedia:Martial arts|martial arts]], [[wikipedia:swimming|swimming]] and other aquatic sports. |
||
Physical fitness is widely emphasized in Morstaybishlian culture, with morning exercises widely practiced, and commercial gyms and private fitness clubs popular across the country. |
Physical fitness is widely emphasized in Morstaybishlian culture, with morning exercises widely practiced, and commercial gyms and private fitness clubs popular across the country. |
||
===Diaspora=== |
|||
===Traditions=== |
===Traditions=== |
||
====Staynish Tar Barrels==== |
====Staynish Tar Barrels==== |
||
[[File:Staynish Tar Barrels.png|right|thumb| |
[[File:Staynish Tar Barrels.png|right|thumb|200px|A young man carrying a tar barrel in the 2018 Dremmington event.]] |
||
Staynes typically stages annual national events on the night of 2 November, in a tradition dating from before records began, barrels soaked in tar are set alight and carried aloft through cities and towns by their residents. |
Staynes typically stages annual national events on the night of 2 November, in a tradition dating from before records began, barrels soaked in tar are set alight and carried aloft through cities and towns by their residents. |
||
Line 1,143: | Line 1,132: | ||
====Oglota Wine Festival==== |
====Oglota Wine Festival==== |
||
[[File:Oglota wine festival.jpg|left|thumb|240px|Oglota Wine Festival.]] |
[[File:Oglota wine festival.jpg|left|thumb|240px|Oglota Wine Festival.]] |
||
The Oglota Wine Festival is a summer festival primarily in the Oglota Province of |
The Oglota Wine Festival is a summer festival primarily in the Oglota Province of Kaltariezh, though it has since spread to many towns and communities in western and central Kaltariezh. |
||
These such wine festivals across |
These such wine festivals across Kaltariz communities takes place on 21 December, also [[Wikipedia:Summer solstice|Summer Celebration Day]] in Morstaybishlia. The day begins at various times in the mid to late morning, with a parade of people of all ages carrying jugs, bottles, leather wine bottles and other types of containers filled with red wine. Led by the community leader such as a [[Boriff|boriff]] on horseback, the parade usually goes through the market streets of these communities, symbolising riches and good health. A mass is then celebrated at the town centre or community park, or equivalent. |
||
After the mass, the Battle of Wine commences. The participants toss wine on each other until everyone is completely soaked. This is greatly enjoyed by the locals and is tourist friendly. It has been televised on MBC Two since 2009. |
After the mass, the Battle of Wine commences. The participants toss wine on each other until everyone is completely soaked. This is greatly enjoyed by the locals and is tourist friendly. It has been televised on MBC Two since 2009. |
||
After everyone has finished, people get together in couples and dance with grapevines whilst locking arms. |
After everyone has finished, people get together in couples and dance with grapevines whilst locking arms. |
||
====Tea Drinking Championships==== |
|||
On 28 April every year, many towns across Kaltariezh and Staynes observe a Tea Drinking Championship. An opponent is chosen to out drink the champion of the previous year in each town, from a large jug or from multiple tea cups. If they win, they become the champion. There are many under-card one versus one face offs that take place on a more casual setting at the same event to promote the tradition, whose origins are lost in history. The event doesn't usually last longer than half an hour. |
|||
===Symbolism=== |
===Symbolism=== |
||
The flag of Great Morstaybishlia is the Empire Flag. It was created in 1517 by culminating the design features from both the Flag of Staynes and the Flag of |
The flag of Great Morstaybishlia is the Empire Flag. It was created in 1517 by culminating the design features from both the Flag of Staynes and the Flag of Kaltariezh. Being former colonies, Valeria and Jusdelva have no unique flag designs and have any option of redesigning the flag to represent the two other nations has been ruled out. |
||
The Golden Rose of Staynes originated as the prominent symbolism of the kings and queens of [[Staynnica]], which later became a symbol for national sovereignty and pride of the Staynish peoples. It's present across flags of the realm as well as in company logos and sport clubs and other advertising and logo styles. |
The Golden Rose of Staynes originated as the prominent symbolism of the kings and queens of [[Staynnica]], which later became a symbol for national sovereignty and pride of the Staynish peoples. It's present across flags of the realm as well as in company logos and sport clubs and other advertising and logo styles. |
||
The [[wikipedia:Lion_(heraldry)|heraldic lion]] is quite common around the world, and several countries incorporate it into their national coats of arms. In |
The [[wikipedia:Lion_(heraldry)|heraldic lion]] is quite common around the world, and several countries incorporate it into their national coats of arms. In Kaltian heraldry, the lion is first found in the coat of arms of the Kingdom of Kaltariezh the later part of the 11th century. |
||
===Public holidays and festivals=== |
===Public holidays and festivals=== |
||
Public holidays celebrated in Great Morstaybishlia include a mix of religious (Thaerism), national and regional observances. Each country is allowed to declare a maximum of 13 public holidays per year; up to 11 of these are chosen by the national government and at least two are chosen locally. Morstaybishlia's national day (Unity Day) is 11 January, the anniversary of the Union of the Thrones between Staynes and |
Public holidays celebrated in Great Morstaybishlia include a mix of religious (Thaerism), national and regional observances. Each country is allowed to declare a maximum of 13 public holidays per year; up to 11 of these are chosen by the national government and at least two are chosen locally. Morstaybishlia's national day (Unity Day) is 11 January, the anniversary of the Union of the Thrones between Staynes and Kaltariezh and celebrate [[Lambertus III|Lambertus the Great]]'s feast. |
||
There are many festivals and festivities in Morstaybishlia. Some of them are known worldwide, and every year millions of people from all over the world go to Morstaybishlia to experience one of these festivals. The most well known is Week of the Empire, celebrating the achievements of the Morstaybishlian Empire over a period of a week (seven days) between 9 and 15 November. |
There are many festivals and festivities in Morstaybishlia. Some of them are known worldwide, and every year millions of people from all over the world go to Morstaybishlia to experience one of these festivals. The most well known is Week of the Empire, celebrating the achievements of the Morstaybishlian Empire over a period of a week (seven days) between 9 and 15 November. |
||
Line 1,175: | Line 1,168: | ||
| Unity Day |
| Unity Day |
||
| 11 January |
| 11 January |
||
| This national holiday was established to celebrate the Union of Staynes and |
| This national holiday was established to celebrate the Union of Staynes and Kaltariezh and to hold a great feast |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Wikipedia:International Women's Day|International Women's Day]] |
| [[Wikipedia:International Women's Day|International Women's Day]] |
||
Line 1,203: | Line 1,196: | ||
| Peace Day |
| Peace Day |
||
| 24 October |
| 24 October |
||
| Statutory bank holiday from 2018, celebrates peace in Aurora which is marked by the end of the [[Auroran- |
| Statutory bank holiday from 2018, celebrates peace in Aurora which is marked by the end of the [[Auroran-Cerenerian War]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Wikipedia:Summer solstice|Summer Celebration Day]] |
| [[Wikipedia:Summer solstice|Summer Celebration Day]] |
Latest revision as of 13:09, 17 July 2024
Imperial Kingdom of Great Morstaybishlia | |
---|---|
Anthem: "March of the Fatherland" | |
Capital and largest city | Sani Bursil |
Official languages | Staynish Kaltareg Jūs |
Recognised regional languages | Rombewek Axdelian Ethalrian Salovian |
Ethnic groups (2024) | 68.1% Human 21.1% Elvish 7.2% Cava 3.6% Other |
Religion (2019) | |
Demonym(s) | Morst, Morstaybishlian |
Countries of Great Morstaybishlia | Staynes Kaltariezh Valeria Jusdelva |
Government | Federal parliamentary Constitutional monarchy |
• King | Lambertus VII |
Franklin Barvata | |
Legislature | Samming |
Lord's Hall | |
Folk's Hall | |
Establishment | |
1515 | |
• Annexation of the Kormistazmic Empire | 1575 |
• Secession of Axdel | 1970 |
• Acts of Union of Great Morstaybishlia and Jusdelva | 2016 |
Area | |
• Total | 4,335,443 km2 (1,673,924 sq mi) (3rd) |
Population | |
• 2024 census | |
• Density | 100.78/km2 (261.0/sq mi) |
GDP (nominal) | 2024 estimate |
• Total | |
• Per capita | |
Gini (2024) | 0.38 low |
SDI (2018) | 0.904 very high |
Currency | Kirib (♅/KRB) |
Time zone | UTC (Toransloe Mean Time) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+7 to +11 (Morstaybishlian Summer Time) |
Date format | dd/mm/yyyy yyyy/mm/dd |
Driving side | the left |
Calling code | +75 |
ISO 3166 code | MSB |
Internet TLD | .MB |
The Imperial Kingdom of Great Morstaybishlia, commonly known as Great Morstaybishlia (officially MSB, but often informally abbreviated to the MBE) is a unitary sovereign state and transcontinental country in Aurora and southern Cereneria. Great Morstaybishlia includes Staynes, Kaltariezh, Valeria and Jusdelva, as well as other islands. Great Morstaybishlia shares land borders with seven countries (from left to right); Axdel, Qayam, Drakaland, North Ethalria, Blueacia, Tivot and Marislia, and neighbours Dewnania in the Filari Sea. Jusdelva shares no land borders except on one island with the Free Pax States and a district of Tivot, whilst neighbouring the Kohatu Isles by sea. The Morstaybishlian Sea lies between the north coasts of Staynes and Kaltariezh and the south coast of Jusdelva. The Caven Sea sits north of Jusdelva, and the Azure Sea sits south of Valeria. The Packilvanian Ocean starts at the left coastline of Staynes and the north-westernmost island in Jusdelva.
Great Morstaybishlia is a constitutional monarchy with a two-House parliament system. The current monarch is King Lambertus VII, who has reigned since 1991 and the heir apparent is Princess Rosamund. The capital is Sani Bursil, a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 50.8 million in 2024, the largest in Aurora, largest in the United Nations of the Auroran Continent and largest in Urth. Other major urban areas in Great Morstaybishlia include Rouanezkador, Kuthernburg, Kirdintayos, Porthcamas, Redrugus, Bourbridge, and Swardings. The nearby Eskomia and Necraties Islands are not part of Great Morstaybishlia, being Crown dependencies with the government responsible for defence and international representation.
The relationships among the countries of the Great Morstaybishlia have changed over time. In 1515, Lambertus III united the thrones of Staynes and Kaltariezh which formed the United Kingdom of Staynes and Kaltariezh, which went on to become the sovereign state of the Morstaybishlian Empire. Jusdelva was annexed by the Kaltariezh Empire between 1483 and 1485. Jusdelva declared independence from Morstaybishlia in 1967, but was not recognised until 1975. In 2016 Jusdelva entered a political union with Great Morstaybishlia under the Acts of Union of Great Morstaybishlia and Jusdelva leaving the present formulation of the Imperial Kingdom of Great Morstaybishlia. The Morstaybishlian Empire transitioned from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy in 1917 by the end of the Great War, establishing a democratically elected lower house to the Samming; the Folk's Hall, enacting huge sociopolitical reforms including the abolition of slavery. The MBE is one of the last reminders of colonial times with nineteen Overseas Territories of Great Morstaybishlia; remnants of the Morstaybishlian Empire which, at its height in the 1800s, encompassed almost a tenth of the world's land mass and was the largest empire in history. Today, they collectively comprise of 106.144 million people over 828,243 sq km; whilst Great Morstaybishlia exists over 5,940,250 sq km and recorded 515.88 million people in its 2021 census, the first year the country recorded over half a billion people. Morstaybishlian influence can be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies.
Great Morstaybishlia has the world's largest economy by nominal gross domestic product (GDP), and the second-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). It has a relatively high-income economy and a very high human development index rating, ranking 6th in the world. It was the world's first industrialised country and the world's foremost power during the 19th and early 20th centuries, competing in the Auroran Space Race and beating Ethalria and Salovia by landing four men on Olune in 1968. The MBE remains a superpower, with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally. It is a recognised nuclear weapons state and is first in military expenditure in the world.
Great Morstaybishlia has been a member state of the United Nations of the Auroran Continent since its formation in 2017; the successor union to both the Auroran Continental Assembly, where the MBE was a member state, and the Auroran Union. The MBE's council representative of the UNAC is Fischan Rhye who was appointed in December 2017. Great Morstaybishlia is also a member state of IRSA, the Morstaybishlian Economic Sphere and Morstaybishlian Commonwealth, a Permanent Invitee to the OFAC, and has Observer Status in the Alliance of Northwest Gondwana and the League of Novaris.
Etymology and terminology
The word Morstaybishlia derives from an amalgamation of Morsa Lake, Staynes and the Bishlans. It is often misinterpreted for "More Staynes and the Bishlans". The true meaning of the name Morstaybishlia can be read from the founding documents of 1515 where is it described as "The Staynish people whom control the heart of the continent Morsa Lake; unionised with the Bishlan cultures of the east."; though Bishlan was latinised to Bishlia in the shortened form name Morstaybishlia. Bishlan derives from the Kalt name of the Ider River "Aberbish", and replaces the Kalt place-name prefix Aber with the Middle Staynish place-name suffix Lan, which literally means "shallow seas".
The 2016 Acts of Union declared that the kingdoms of Great Morstaybishlia and Jusdelva were "United into one Kingdom", where the new state is also referred to in the Acts as the "Imperial Kingdom of Great Morstaybishlia", simply "Great Morstaybishlia".
Although Great Morstaybishlia as a sovereign state is a country; Staynes, Kaltariezh, Valeria and Jusdelva are also regarded as countries, though they are not sovereign states. The High Elderthane's website has used the phrase "countries within a country" to describe Great Morstaybishlia.
The term "MBE" was a historic acronym for the Morstaybishlian Empire, though today it is more commonly synonymous with Great Morstaybishlia. MBE is the standard country codes for Great Morstaybishlia and are consequently used by international organisations to refer to Great Morstaybishlia, replacing GM in 1959. Additionally, Great Morstaybishlia's Olympic team competes under the name "Great Morstaybishlia" or "Team MBE".
The term "Morstaybishlian Empire", in politics, is used to describe Great Morstaybishlia and all Overseas Territories.
The adjective "Morstaybishlian" is commonly used to refer to matters relating to Great Morstaybishlia and rarely as a synonym for Great Morstaybishlia. The term has no definite legal connotation, but is used in law to refer to Great Morstaybishlia citizenship and matters to do with nationality. People of Great Morstaybishlia use a number of different terms to describe their national identity and may identify themselves as being Staynish, Kaltian, South Staynish, Jus; or as being Marislian. A growing minority of people have identified themselves with Morstaybishlian nationality after the Acts of Union 1977, likely a patriotic spur.
After the Union of the Thrones in 1515, the two kingdoms were briefly known as the "United Kingdom of Staynes and Kaltariezh" and subsequently their empire was known as the "Staynish-Kaltariezh Empire" until it was formally dubbed the "Imperial Kingdom of Morstaybishlia" in early 1517.
The Acts of Union 1977 decreed the Imperial Kingdom of Morstaybishlia in political unification with Valeria. By extension of Kingdom territory, the region of "Morstaybishlia" was given the epithet "Great", short for "Greater".
The Acts of Union 2016 decreed the Imperial Kingdom of Great Morstaybishlia in political unification with Jusdelva to ratify the earlier 2016 Treaty of Union and so unite the two kingdoms.
In 2017, a new design of Morstaybishlian passport was introduced. Its first page shows the long form name of the state in Staynish, Kaltareg and Jusdelviz.
History
Before the Union of the Thrones
There is evidence to suggest that Morstaybishlia has been settled by sentient, anatomically modern cava for nearly a million years, arriving from central Aurora where they evolved from a member of the Dromaeosauridae clade of dinosaurs. These tribes were hunter-gatherers, in some cases exhibiting crude metalworking as early as 40 Kya, such as gold artefacts found in the Avankad burial chamber and tin finds elsewhere. The metal would have been found in nature without the need for smelting, and shaped into the desired form using hot and cold hammering without chemical alteration or alloying. There has been no evidence pointing to the use of melting, smelting and casting in this era of prehistoric Morstaybishlia.
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Three_Sisters_companion_planting_technique.jpg/250px-Three_Sisters_companion_planting_technique.jpg)
Evidence for agriculture emerged in Aurora around 8000 BCE in what is now the eastern bank of Morsa Lake, and spread through Northern Aurora to what is today the western coast of Staynes and the Aberbish in eastern Kaltariezh. Vicia ervilia was domesticated into ervil around 7000 BCE on the banks of the Aberbish, along with some root vegetables. The Auroran auroch were domesticated into cattle in the areas of modern Morstaybishlia around the same time. The Three Sisters cultivation of squash, beans and maize were discovered in the Kuthern River Valley from 5000 BCE, replacing the older cultivation of several plants.
The start of of the early Auroran Bronze Age, from c. 4000 BCE, saw the rise of ancient Toransla, the first agricultural-based civilisation in Morstaybishlia. By the turn of the 3rd millennium BCE other civilisations had spawned, such as Kutha and Morsa in west Staynes and west Kaltariezh respectively. These cava civilisations thrived for a thousand years, growing in size as evidenced by the rapid increase of methane emissions from cattle. They developed metallurgy techniques, developed their own scripts and kept historical records, including the mention of trade with other early settlements which archaeology have yet to find. The prevalence of Proto-Usprian across northern Aurora, and matching jewellery styles discovered in the Morsa civilisation and in ancient Dewnan indicate that these civilisations traded with the wider ancient Usprian world.
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/0/08/Eljuedh_bust.png/225px-Eljuedh_bust.png)
The Great Vanishing around the beginning of the 2nd millennium BCE led to a population bottleneck and civilisational collapse across Aurora, including ancient Toransla, the Kutha and the Morsa civilisations. The cava populations did not recover to significant levels for hundreds of years in Morstaybishlia and the wider continent. The Proto-Usprian language diverged in the successive millennia because of geographic and economic isolation. Elves began migrating from eastern Aurora in the later half of the 2nd millennium, co-existing with cava.
The discovery of King Eljuedh’s burial chamber in Synt Jowan mapped out the previously scarcely-known Bishec States to historians. It was the first post-Great Vanishing civilisation within Morstaybishlia, a dominion of elf and cava that straddled the northern coast of the Aberbish over twelve city states. The Bishec Tablet noted Eljuedh was elected in the 4th century BCE as their ‘king of kings’ and was a reclaimer of lost territory, suggesting the Bishec States had an understanding of civilisation before the Great Vanishing. The Bishec States played an important role in forming the foundations of what would become the Kaltariz and Terghyntow civilisations. Gadelthene, formed in the 21st century BCE in ancient Ethalria, was the primary religion in the Bishec States and across much of northern Aurora. The king was buried with ornamental vases depicting Gadelthenian symbology. Scrolls uncovered in the Bockyas Caves near Draouenngwenstrobinellourkastel dated to the 2nd century CE detail Gadelthene mathematics, cartography and astrological understanding, referencing several Gadelthene sects, including one in the ‘’Kultouar’’ civilisation.
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/f/fe/Queen_Impelanza_III_bust.jpg/250px-Queen_Impelanza_III_bust.jpg)
The Impelanzan Empire explored and settled on the shores of northwest Staynes in the 1st century BCE to mine for metals, most notably tin, forming Estenes de la Aurora, (literally ‘’Tinlands of the Sunrise’’ in Impelanzan). They brought with them Tunseism and the first human settler population to western Aurora. At this time, isolated Malterva cultures speaking descendent languages of Proto-Usprian established their own civilisations: Dumnowes developed in northwest Staynes, Toransla developed in west Valeria and Rombarow developed in the Staynish interior. In 512, the VEI 8 Toré eruption destroyed Impelanza and plunged the world into global volcanic winter. Following a year of famine and hardship, the Staynish Revolution in 513 overthrew the Impelanzan colonial elite and installed Alzar I as the first King of the Staynish (a demonym in Old Staynish derived from Estenes). The Thaerist sect of Tunseism worked with Alzar in supporting one another to power. Alzar converted to Thaerism, the religion of all successive Staynish and Morstaybishlian kings and queens to date. In the successive centuries, Staynes warred against surrounding kingdoms for land, including against the Kingdom of Toransla, which they nearly completely assimilated by the 9th century; and the Kingdom of Rombar, which they assimilated after the siege of Sannedh Bursil in the 10th century. The Toranslic language survived until the 15th century in isolated communities in the Zycannes.
The Bishec States expanded and contracted several times in the first millennia CE, eventually absorbing the Kultouar civilisation. A period of unification in the 11th century formed modern Kaltariezh. Even as far east as Ar Kabdubec, the cava and elvish populations were outcompeted by human descendents of Estenes. Humans came to dominate much of north Aurora, in part from having a high birth rate and also from feudal practices. The ancient cavan Hendra family, the last non-human dynasty of Kaltariezh, died out in the mid 13th century.
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/7/7e/Lambertus_and_Azenor_1505.png/250px-Lambertus_and_Azenor_1505.png)
The Staynish-Kaltariz War in the mid 14th century fixed the border of the two nations at the Caldu River, whereas before there were encampments by the Kaltariz on the Staynish side and vice versa. The Kaltariz began overseas trading expeditions in the 14th century, establishing trading towns Jusdelva and in southeastern Arcturia. By the 15th century it had formed the Kaltariz Empire, making a more permanent settlement in southern Jusdelva and annexing the Inizi Reterdelien, the Necraties and Eskomia. The Staynish followed this trend of maritime exploration and established their own settlements in eastern Arcturia in the mid 15th century, and defeated the Kaltariz encampments on both Necraties and Eskomia, claiming it as their own. The Staynish thus formed their own empire, that before the Union of the Thrones had actually established its first colonies: Rodenia and Lokania, though by comparison to today's borders, these colonies were about five times smaller. In 1482, Lambertus III of Staynes ended eighty years of the Dergart dynasty and claimed the throne. The death of the cava King Crago V marked the last time a non-human dynasty would rule over the Staynish. At 39 years old and having lost three wives to childbirth (and their children), King Lambertus III of Staynes married a contestant of the Kaltariz throne during its civil war in 1501; Azenor Cadoret. Joining forces against Azenor’s uncle Kirus Cadoret, Lambertus slew him in single combat at the Battle of Rouekador in 1505. The Staynish and Kaltariz thrones were politically unified in 1515, forming Morstaybishlia.
Western Auroran Crusades
Taking over Kormistazic Arcturia
Colonising the South Concordian Ocean
After successfully beating the Ethalrian Empire over Gronmund Port, Morstaybishlian influence would begin to soar over the lands which made up Lythuscia. Within less than five years, due to a strong embargo on the Kingdom of Albon, their influence waned, and eventually it was assimilated into the Morstaybishlian Empire.
Upon the ascension of Florence I, the oppressed peoples of South Peragen began to prefer the idea of Morstaybishlian intervention in the Concordian Ocean, which would upset the powerful influence the Commonwealth held on the nation. With more trading aligned to the Morstaybishlian Empire, South Peragen became a wealthier trade hub; and in 1629 the aristocracies of South Peragen started a revolt against the Commonwealth, which was supported by the Erranzan separatists and the Morstaybishlians. A three year war passed, after which South Peragen won and gained independence in 1632, and with Commonwealth forces retracted, the Empire sought to expand their influence into the prosperous South Concordian Ocean.
At this point the pretensions of Morstaybishlia well public knowledge as they had traded with South Peragen and helped it becoming independent from the Commonwealth. Shoneria followed the same path as South Peragen as it saw a prosperous path of trade and wealth, and started small rebel cells which became an overwhelming national rebellion in 1635. The daughter of the old king of Shoneria, Estelo, became aware of the rebellion and organised a coup on the throne, but her vessel who hosted her, the king pretender and his only son sank and all lives lost.
Morstaybishlia send aid, setting out a clear set of objectives to conquer its first territory in the South Concordian Ocean, and the Shonerian leaders accepted Morstaybishlian occupation. Commonwealth forces had been stretched thin because of the repression in its empire, reached and were victorious over the current occupation. Morstaybishlia retaliated by sending a blockade to the capital Privétia. Morstaybishlia rallied the support of South Peragen and more of their own forces for a full scale invasion of New Leganés, but the Commonwealth occupation of Shoneria retreated to defend their homeland, effectively leaving Shoneria to Morstaybishlia. The Commonwealth had a narrow victory against the coalition of Morstaybishlia and South Peragen, but the Commonwealth had suffered a long siege and suffered extensive damage. Six years of wars over the seas and the Commonwealth ensued, and fearing losing their autonomy, Queen Cristalina IV began negotiations with their enemies and in 1641 the Treaty of Arsal was signed and ratified by the three independent nations. The treaty saw Morstaybishlia take control of the already occupied Shoneria and also control over Oblivion Islands, as well as the Commonwealth dissolved so that the queen would retain power in the New Leganés and retain great trade and a presence of exploitation within the South Concordian Ocean. Morstaybishlia henceforth had huge economic control over the nations of New Leganés and South Peragen which lasted for over 276 years.
Keaneward and Visteue period (1663-1803)
Caven Wars
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Place_de_la_Victoire%2C_Paris_13_August_2016_001.jpg/250px-Place_de_la_Victoire%2C_Paris_13_August_2016_001.jpg)
In the year 1688, Captain Kerden discovered an island in the Packilvanian Ocean and established a settlement a year later called Queensport. For another five years the Morstaybishlian Empire would build up their settlements with the prospects to use it as a military naval port and trading hub to Yasteria. Communications to the island abruptly ceased to which a vessel was sent and discovered that the Caven Empire had set up their own port on the other side of the island and had fought and won the Staynish port.
Now Commodore, Kerden was sent to claim back the small prospective trading hub and did so in a short-lived Battle of Queensport. A Caven ship survived and sent the news back to the Caven Empire after which there was no obvious retaliation.
Over the next four years, merchant ships leaving Rouanezkador and other ports in north Kaltariezh and Staynes were going missing and businesses in these ports were closing down from a loss of income. It was explored by the Morstaybishlian navy but there was no explanation until by chance MBS Queen Aprille was mistaken as a merchant vessel and attacked by a Caven warship but survived. Morstaybishlia later declared war on the Caven Empire.
In secret, Commodore Kerden was sent to Perigrinia, the rival of Caven in the north to formulate a plan to destabilise the Caven Empire as to both Morstaybishlia and Perigrinia’s gain. Perigrinia would fund Morstaybishlian armament and naval ship production for Morstaybishlia’s full scale invasion into Cavens’ south province of Wachovia, starting the Caven Wars.
Morstaybishlia had a strong starting advance in the war, pushing the Caven forces far back. Morstaybishlia would strategically siege Caven port towns of Truzcon, Merna and Libertyburg and cut off trading routes into the Caven Sea from the north. It held a strong advance into Caven and Verlot for about two years, pushing past the Izumi mountains, but fearing encirclement they were pushed back over the mountains to the Wachovia borders where the two forces reached a stalemate. There would be some victories on either side, but after six years in 1704 the Caven Empire surrendered its occupied lands to the Morstaybishlian Empire to end the war. With a suffering economy and a large famine, Peregrinia, who had remained neutral during the conflict, upheld its side of the agreement and began humanitarian aid, promising the people of Caven better fortunes. After fifteen years, Peregrinia had managed to integrate the Caven provinces of Dominionland, Termino, Trioni and Verlot.
Late Modern (1803 - 21st century)
Slavery
Morstaybishlia played a leading part in the Cerenerian and Concordian slave trade, mainly between 1673 and 1917 when Morstaybishlian or Morstaybishlian-colonial ships transported nearly 5 million slaves from Gondwana in a legal system of human chattel enslavement. The slaves were taken to work on plantations in Morstaybishlian possessions, principally in Saint Matilda, the Morstaybishlian Cerenerian, Jusdelva and Morstaybishlian Arcturia, but also Aurora. The rapid expansion of the cotton and flax industries after the invention of the cotton gin and spinning wheel greatly increased demand for slave labour. Slavery coupled with the Cerenerian sugar industry had a significant role in strengthening and developing the Morstaybishlian economy in the 18th century. Throughout the later 19th century movements called for the monarchy to install laws similar to other nations which began restricting and abolishing slavery, and giving slaves more rights, but this did not succeed. However, when the Folk's Hall was formed in 1917 following the handover of absolutism from the monarchy, it banned the slave trade and banned slavery in the Morstaybishlian Empire, freeing over 5 million slaves.
Through reward programs, former slaves were encouraged back to their origin countries, though it largely fell through and former slaves instead settled in the colonies where they had been set to work in. Today, large portions of former slaves live in Lokania, Jusdelva, throughout the Cerenerian and in Gondwana - which can be seen in the distribution of large minority ethnic groups in these colonies.
Slave trade
Posolic Wars
Height of the Morstaybishlian Empire (1826-1897)
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/d/d1/Florence_II_and_Husband.jpg/275px-Florence_II_and_Husband.jpg)
Florence II ascended the throne when her father died at the end of the First Posolic Wars. Her opponents believed that due to her tucked away and extravagant lifestyle she would be weak leading Morstaybishlia into the 19th century. The Second Posolic Wars confirmed her as the opposite; a titanic leader who glided Morstaybishlia back into its role as the world superpower. Her reign, the reign of her son Frederick III and her granddaughter Rosamund II marked the Golden Era where Morstaybishlia reach the zenith of its economic and political power. Exciting new technologies such as railways, photography, telegraphs and steam ships emerged, making the world far faster-paced. Morstaybishlia reinstated its mostly active role in Continental politics which had been challenged by Ethalria and Biramura in the years before.
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/George_William_Joy_-_The_Bayswater_Omnibus.jpg/275px-George_William_Joy_-_The_Bayswater_Omnibus.jpg)
There was peace and prosperity, as the national income per person grew by over half. Much of the prosperity was due to the increasing industrialization, especially in machinery and textiles, as well as to the worldwide network of engineering and trade which produced profits for Morstaybishlian merchants and experts from across the world. In the Morstaybishlian sphere there was peace abroad.
Despite these changes, Morstaybishlia lacked behind in its democratic index. It was still an absolute monarchy, and even though there was movements to change, an elected chamber in the Samming would not happen until 1917. However, the Privy Council of Staynes and Privy Council of Kaltariezh which were appointed by the Crown and served at the Crown's pleasure became more autonomous, including consolidating the two devolved administrations of Staynes and Kaltariezh into one, based at Kalmington Palace, Sani Bursil, and helmed by a Lord Rubian, equivalent of a high elderthane today. This became the Lord's Hall in 1520, and became the first major political unification. They drafted legislation in the name of the King, or Queen, at their pleasure, and the monarch was perfectly in their right to stop legislation from passing. In fact, this was common practice. The monarch remained untouchable and unaccountable to the Lord's Hall, and had a large sway among leading figures to bend them into submission.
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/9/99/Women_slaves_with_master_on_the_left.jpg/500px-Women_slaves_with_master_on_the_left.jpg)
On a local level, a rapid rise of the middle class, in large part displacing the complete control long exercised by the aristocracy occurred. Respectability was their code, and businessmen had to be trusted and must avoid reckless gambling and heavy drinking. The Thaerist institution imposed fresh moralistic values on society, such as responsibility, widespread charity, discipline in the home, and self-examination for the smallest faults and needs of improvement. They focused on exciting a personal revulsion against social evils and personal misbehavior. Though across the world slavery was being abolished, the lack of free press saw most of Morstaybishlia oblivious to the country's huge trade, and so anti-slavery movements barely took off despite this moral shift. The press was still widely controlled by the aristocracy who gained from the slave trade, and all independent agitation and reporting of the horrific conditions of chattel slavery across the Empire was either bought out or quashed.
There was a spirit of libertarianism as people felt they were free. Taxes however were moderate, and government restrictions on media and other aspects of everyday life was in effect. There were other problem areas, such as occasional riots, especially those motivated by anti-Monarchism. Society was still ruled by the aristocracy and the gentry, which controlled high government offices, the Lord's Hall, religious institutions, and the military. Becoming a rich businessman was not as prestigious as inheriting a title and owning a landed estate.
The abstract theological or philosophical doctrine of agnosticism, whereby it is theoretically impossible to prove whether or not a higher being exists, suddenly became a popular issue in the 1860s, though Blasphemy laws meant that promoting atheism could be a crime and was vigorously prosecuted, which drove these freethinkers underground. Children were entitled to education for the first time, though this was limited to literacy as the population was highly illiterate. A 1840s estimate believed that over 90 percent of people could not read or write; but by the end of the 19th century illiteracy had fallen so dramatically that over 65 percent could read and write, which inspired a boom in reading culture and Morstaybishlian literature. A plethora of reading materials were to children. Publishers also took advantage of innovations such as those that enable the printing of coloured illustrations. As the middle class boomed, people had more money to spend on entertaining their children. Moral messaging was de-emphasised in favor of fun.
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/The_sands%2C_Ramsgate%2C_Kent%2C_England%2C_ca._1899.jpg/275px-The_sands%2C_Ramsgate%2C_Kent%2C_England%2C_ca._1899.jpg)
Opportunities for leisure activities increased dramatically as real wages continued to grow and hours of work continued to decline. In urban areas the ten-hour workday became increasingly the norm; the Factory Act 1869 limited the working week to 60 hours, encouraging the movement towards an eventual nine-hour workday. Sundays became a day off for the working man, which opened up opportunity for some 1,000 seaside resorts emerging thanks to cheap hotels and inexpensive railway fares.
In this period, fertility rates remained high, leading to a population boom. Gradually, fertility rates fell as people became more affluent and had better access to contraception. By 1897, the infant mortality rate in Staynes was 10 percent, down from about half in the 15th century. There was no catastrophic epidemic or famine in Morstaybishlia in the nineteenth century, marking the first century in which a major epidemic did not occur throughout the whole country. In the olden days, people typically had had as many children as they could afford in order to ensure at least a few of them would survive to adulthood and have children of their own due to high child mortality rates. Moreover, it was the poor who had had an incentive to curb their fertility whereas the rich had lacked such a need due to greater wealth and lower child mortality rates. This changed due to the Industrial Revolution. Standards of living improved and mortality rates fell. People no longer needed to have as many children as before to ensure the propagation of their genes. The link between poverty and child mortality weakened. In addition, societal attitude towards contraception warmed, leading to the negative correlation between intelligence and fertility.
Imperial affairs before the Great War
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/7/7d/The_Morstaybishlian_Empire_around_the_advent_of_the_Great_War%2C_circa_1900-1904_%28compressed_version_2%29.png/400px-The_Morstaybishlian_Empire_around_the_advent_of_the_Great_War%2C_circa_1900-1904_%28compressed_version_2%29.png)
The reign of Thadeus I marked the final years of the Morstaybishlian global trading empire before the Great War. Morstaybishlia went through a phase of being relatively unchallenged at sea, particularly domestically where it dominated Auroran, Arcturian and Cerenerian waters. Alongide its formal colonial empire, Morstaybishlia's dominance over world trade meant that it effectively controlled the economies of many countries, such as Peragen, Ewenshire and Zreiru'a.
Morstaybishlian imperial strength was bolstered by the telegraph in the mid 19th century, allowing greater control and defence of its empire. The Morstaybishlian Empire was linked together by a network of telegraph cables, called the Morst Code Network, which was inaugurated in October 1898.
Most trading expeditions to Concord and northwestern Yasteria bypassed the Tawusian Cape in favour of travelling through the quicker route in northern Arcturia. Trading vessels were left vulnerable to piracy at various chokepoints in the Ewenshire Strait and Optian Sea, and many returning galleons loaded with goods were raided by pirates operating off the coast. This was most prominent in the 17th through to the early 19th century because Morstaybishlia had no permanent settlements and had to sail Imperial Navy ships from Queensport more than 1,800 miles away to defend them. Even with being allowed to dock in Ewenshire, the ports available were too small to allow anything more than one or two Imperial Navy ships in at a time. A formal arrangement was signed in 1856 where Morstaybishlia began leasing the relatively underdeveloped town of Farhide and its surrounding area, and immediately began constructing a permanent naval base to protect both country's trading interests. This was administered as a Morstaybishlian colony, and quickly turned into a vital naval hub for operating out of it dozens of warships at a time. With organised piracy adopting incendiary shells in the 1850s, Morstaybishlia trialled the world's first ironclad warships in 1861 to combat piracy. This base was incorporated into the Morst Code Network in 1898, and coupled with Morstaybishlia's economic projection in the area has led several historians to quote Morstaybishlia's influence over Ewenshire as being apart of its informal empire.
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/d/dd/Map_of_southwest_Aurora_in_1917_as_the_Korstazian_War_begins.png/300px-Map_of_southwest_Aurora_in_1917_as_the_Korstazian_War_begins.png)
In western Borea, Morstaybishlia assisted Elwin Arachne seize power of Zreiru'a in 1885, and by the turn of the century was being supplied most of its abundant natural resources in exchange for military aid to help assist Arachne in conquering the continent. Settlers flocked to Kurandia to capitalise on the resource boom, aiding the development of new urban spaces such as Corren Tree and Ander's Point.
Aftermath of the Great War
Despite the armistice, a formal state of war between the two sides persisted for another five months, until the signing of the Treaty of Ribenstadt on 8 December 1917. The treaty saw the official end of the war in Aurora. Whilst there was no official surrender, historians favour an Ethalrian and Salovian victory over Morstaybishlia in regards to the Auroran theatre of war because of the concessions that Morstaybishlia signed in the treaty. Ethalria receeded their forces north of the Bolvinian Plateau in exchange for annexing the historical provinces of Bro-Tewesac, Bro-Suode and Bro-Angwin in southern Kaltariezh.
The first Morstaybishlian election cycle and disagreements around the Axdelian peninsula delayed the signing of the treaty by three months. Ethalria demanded that it was their right to annex southern Axdel because they had de facto controlled swathes of it since 1911, and had even established the Republic of Korstazia as a puppet state ruled by the Axdelian-born General Sauwo Ñeya̋na. Orson Klarass refused this because an independent Axdel would likely align with Ethalria and make the already rescinding Morstaybishlian Empire far weaker on the continent. Later, Morstaybishlia would concede to a less severe offer. In exchange for returning Dragonia and the Indigo Isles to Ethalria, as well as granting the peninsula devolved autonomy, something that had never happened in Morstaybishlia; Ethalra agreed to withdraw their troops and support for the Republic of Korstazia. Without backing by Ethalria, Ñeya̋na’s government surrendered after a four month continuation war.
The Samming passed the Act of Federation in February 1919 which saw the creation of the Federated Colonies of Lythuscia. This was the first time that Morstaybishlia had federated its colonies, and granted any colony home rule. Legislative power was held in Albaburg, whilst military command, diplomacy and foreign policy remained in Sani Bursil.
Abolition of slavery
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/0/03/Oanese_blackbirding_circa_1918.jpg/250px-Oanese_blackbirding_circa_1918.jpg)
Pictured: Oan peoples with an overseer (background), on a sugar plantation in New Pondsfort, Morst Cereneria, c. 1919.
As the world evolved in the 19th and 20th centuries, many democratic nations abolished slavery and pressured the Morstaybishlian and Packilvanian Empires to do so. Owing to its incredible size and power in the 19th century and its absolute monarchy which had large capital interests and investment in the slave trade, the Morstaybishlian Empire did not abolish slavery until in November 1917, two months after the end of the Great War and the dissolution of Morstopackia. The nation saw huge social, economic and political reforms in 1917 as it transitioned from an absolute monarchy to parliamentary republic under constitutional monarchy; and later 1910s and 1920s.
The Folk's Hall passed the Slavery Abolition Act 1917 with 4/5ths voting in favour. The Act made the purchase and ownership of slaves in all of the Morstaybishlian Empire illegal and immediately freed over 5 million slaves. Slavery had been a point of social contention for nearly all of the 19th and early 20th century leading up to its abolition, with its abolition being a primary benefactor of their movement. By January of 1918, the Morstaybishlian Empire had de jure implemented the Act in its declining oversea territories, though de facto there was still an active slave trade in many territories. Following the thirteen years of warfare, the Imperial Navy was heavily damaged and initially struggled with enforcing the legislation. Many of the closer territories to continental Morstaybishlia, including New Kaltariezh, Morstaybishlian Arcturia (later Lythuscia) and Jusdelva followed suit with the mainland and who's people accepted the changes, but elsewhere it was different.
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/HMS_Gloucester_%281909%29.jpg/255px-HMS_Gloucester_%281909%29.jpg)
In the colonial and territorial administrations of Joralesia, Salisar, Morst Cereneria, Dalmaghar, Kurandia, and others recognised the Act and implemented it, but clandestine slave-trading and blackbirding still occurred as late as the mid 1930s. Though it was hit with the economic depression and major de-colonisation following the war, the Imperial Navy immediately established a presence off of the coasts of these territories where there were rumours, sightings, reports or evidence of ongoing slavery, as well as negotiating with countries neighbouring these colonies and territories for their rights to stop and search vessels believed to house slaves. The Imperial Navy dispatched three squadrons of four, five and eight light cruisers to the Cerenerian Ocean, as well as the south and north Concordian Ocean respectively. With bases at Montecadre, what is now Penisine Garrisons in Balidar, and Bruzraka; the squadrons aided in the capture of over 2,100 slave ships, freeing over 205,000 people from slavery between 1917 and 1934. However, unfortunately this did not exactly reduce the number of deaths of slaves. Thousands lost their lives if the captain of a slave ship knew they were being approached by a squadron vessel. The captain would order for the slaves to be thrown overboard still shackled. Very few would make it to shore.
Great Depression
From secession to union
Years of tension between the central government and many local councils and authorities in Valeria led to a snap referendum on 6 June 1975 for independence at the end stages of the Auroran Imperial War. Questions of legitimacy all over the nation was raised because this was not a government sanctioned referendum, seeing a 54 percent vote to leave. Due to the ongoing war effort, a collapsing economy and independence elsewhere within the empire, the Crowcasa War Cabinet - a national coalition - broke apart, two years before a scheduled general election.
Greta Vardem declared herself President of an independent Valeria, and consolidated power via military divisions on the eastern offensive against Ethalria, who hadn't been rotated in over a year and were loyal to a South Staynish identity. South Staynish military leaders executed dissenters which allowed for a swift alignment of troops, but also several theaters of infighting between Morstaybishlian and South Staynish forces.
A stagnant eastern front was opened up by Ethalria after Valeria declared independence and the line of contact had internal problems. Ethalria pushed back the line of contact with an offensive from Imperium and Wulesburg to Rorivon and Rostok. Though the line of contact had deflated many miles, it soon consolidated into a more solid position as Valeria gained its footing. At this point, Ian Crowcasa had been voted out of government after his 14 year tenure, voting in Delores Gastrell.
Banking in Valeria was all headquartered in Staynes. From Sani Bursil, Gastrell ordered all banks to shut down. With over 90 percent of banks shutting down in Valeria, people were unable to withdraw money, and Valeria immediately plunged into financial ruin.
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Iron_Lung_%28061%29_%287184148409%29.jpg/250px-Iron_Lung_%28061%29_%287184148409%29.jpg)
Vardem established an emergency National Bank and begun integration schemes with a new currency made of plastic coins, because there was no time to mine and mass produce coins made of nickel or other metals. Economic depression followed, and millions of people were out of work. Ethalria capitalised on this and seized huge swathes of land, before being immobilised from the Ketavuul orbital bombardment strikes. They would later cede land they absorbed in this offensive to what is the current border today. The Wreycliff Pact prevented signatories from recognising Valeria as an independent nation, and so Vardem's talks with Axdel broke down in the latter part of the year.
Between 1975 and 1977, millions of people died as a result of the depression. Nobody could afford healthcare and medical supplies and the government struggled with demand. Infectious diseases spread across the population, including Poliovirus, Typhus fever, and Measles.
Whilst Valeria held de facto power in the nation, Morstaybishlia continued its claim, which put pressure on nations to not recognise Valeria as a sovereign nation, which would aggrevate the superpower. However, Peregrinia came into controversy when CapCoal Bank, a private banking group headquartered in the nation, gave out loans to aid Valeria. Morstaybishlia put pressure on Peregrinia to withdraw this aid, which they eventually did.
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/6/61/South_Staynes_foodbank_queue.jpg/250px-South_Staynes_foodbank_queue.jpg)
Civil unrest began in March 1977, and saw South Staynish people target people and companies based on economic ties with Morstaybishlia. Arson and vandalism occurred against Staynish owned businesses, which were marked with a blood rose on shop windows before being subject of attack. People with Staynish blood, family or other ties were blamed for Morstaybishlia's actions in crippling their nation. Politicians and well known business owners who were Staynish fled to Morstaybishlia or were otherwise killed, or at the least beaten. A new opponent to Vardem's government swept the younger population who had known nothing other than struggle, war and famine. Supported by Delores Sofura's fascist regime, the opposition was helmed by fascist leader Morgan Lugin.
All Morstaybishlian allies turned a blind eye to the situation, unable to find adequate reason to undermine Morstaybishlia. Some nations supported Valeria, such as Norgsveldet.
In April, in a highly controversial moment, a gunman in a police disguise was mistakenly identified as Labius Deputy Police Officer Aero Benagli and was allowed on set during a live television broadcast where the President was filming. The gunman, Fred Greidman, fired and shot Greta several times in the chest and stomach before shooting himself. Immediately following the incident, fascist opponent Morgan Lugin seized power of the senate. Civil unrest was intensified, and infighting began in major cities. The armed forces was dispatched and under Morgan Lugin was ordered to fire live ammunition at violent protesters. Several thousand people were massacred. This action sent the country into civil war and Lugin lost the trust of Delores Sofura and other fascist allies. With infighting reaching extreme heights, Lugin was forced to resign by his own council and later went into exile. A new interim government ran by seven members of the Vardem Committee believed it was in the national interest to reintegrate with Morstaybishlia. The committee flew to Sani Bursil to begin negotiations, and a few months later, Morstaybishlia recognised Valeria as an entity and Valeria integrated into the nation under the Acts of Union 1977. This formed a political union with the Imperial Kingdom of Morstaybishlia to create the Imperial Kingdom of Great Morstaybishlia.
Between the two Auroran Wars
Lyrevale Civil War
A period of geopolitical tension between Axdel and Morstaybishlia and their respective allies began immediately following the Auroran Imperial War, and lasted until the dissolution of Noroist government in 1996. There was no large-scale fighting directly between the two powers, but they engaged in proxy wars such as the Lyrevale Civil War and Continuation War.
Meremaa Civil War
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/4/44/Morstaybishlian_Riots_1990.jpg/300px-Morstaybishlian_Riots_1990.jpg)
On 15 April 1990, Grand Duke Telvi II of Meremaa ordered the military to fire at a labour strike organised by Democratic Socialist political organisations in the city of Morzk. Immediately after the actions ordered by Telvi II, Meremaan news outlets and papers began glorifying their leader and exerting an approach relating to their foreign policy which gave High Elderthane Robert Delari an unclear future for Dalmaghar. This concerned Robert Delari, who retaliated by condemning the actions of the Grand Duke. Meremaa declared their intentions to align further with Norgsveldet economically despite their independence less than a decade before.
Delari viewed this negatively, and made public his views on how Meremaa has lost its sovereignty and how the Morstaybishlian Government no longer viewed the government of Meremaa as legitimate. As civil unrest grew into civil war, Delari endorsed the Democratic Socialist movement, led by Tyr Vaines, which branded itself as the Republican Forces of Meremaa, whilst simultaneously sending its Cerenerian Fleet to protect the Morstaybishlian asset of Dalmaghar.
Norgsveldet viewed the newfound Morstaybishlian naval presence in Dalmaghar as hostile. However, they initially laid off any form of support to Meremaa as Morstaybishlia had not officially sided with the republicans.
On 22 May 1990, Robert Delari declared war on Meremaa, and revealed his new deal with the Republican Forces was to help install a democratic foundation in the region. The same day, media coverage of Republican Forces attacking an Ulvriktru temple went global, and this coupled with the already public dissent against war began a month long riots across all of Great Morstaybishlia. Delari’s opinion polls dropped dramatically as he guided a Morstaybishlian landing on the Meremain coast.
Soon thereafter, Norgsveldet declared their intentions to back the Meremain government and send troops to reinforce the already strong Meremain forces. Over the next year, Morstaybishlia sent over 82,000 troops to the campaign. The Meremain forces were well dug in and the Morstaybishlian’s lost 12,481 men. A hopeful campaign on 21 February 1991 laid out a plan to wipe out one of the main entrances of Norgsveltian troops into Meremaa. Morstaybishlian saw a quick naval bombardment and subsequent attack of the city, but over an ensuing ten days was blocked by a fiercely dug in Meremain defence line. The battle lasted 26 days, until 19 March, where the Morstaybishlian forces retreated to Dalmaghar. It was during this retreat that the MBS Augustine, the first Augustine-class aircraft carrier completed two months before was sunk.
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/d/d3/The_horror_of_war.png/300px-The_horror_of_war.png)
The Folks immediately motioned a vote of no confidence against Delari’s administration, and no less than two weeks later Morstaybishlia had a hung Samming. The Principles of Democracy Party led by Rupert Sinkasa formed a confidence-and-supply coalition government with the Liberal Party. His party promised to end the war, but the Liberals, their only feasible coalition partner, would go on to make that reality very difficult. Through votes in government, the Liberals denied Podite majorities on de-escalation.
Sinkasa immediately faced more riots in Sani Bursil and other major urban conurbations as he failed to find a de-escalation solution. Meremaa and Norgsveldet pushed a firm counter attack into Dalmaghar, with a continuous air strike campaign on military and civilian targets. Morstaybishlia was forced to deploy a second fleet to Dalmaghar stoked with fresh supplies and troops when Norgsveltian forces began accumulating in the Isles of Hel for a land invasion. This deterred Norgsveldet from commencing an attack.
Morstaybishlia sent over 124,000 troops from April 1991 to October 1992 to Morzk where they fought a huge series of campaigns to take the capital, Kalaborgdurg. Initially the campaigns went well, establishing a strong defence line halfway between Morzk to Kalaborgdurg, and gaining ground as close as Dzimspilsēta, but after some time Meremaa and Norgsveldet began to push them back. Morstaybishlia over this next year of retreat would lose 43,305 men. At the same time, the Republican Forces of Meremaa lost over 110,000 troops and became increasingly unpopular among the population of Meremaa for violent attacks on Ulvriktru temples despite the Morstaybishlian’s best curveball attempts.
By the beginning of 1993, the two sides had reached a stalemate at a natural defence line in the far east of Meremaa. Morstaybishlia and the Republican Forces of Meremaa agreed that any future campaign of Kalaborgdurg would be unsuccessful and agreed on forming a splinter state known as the Republic of Morzk. From January to April was a period of relative peacetime. This was interrupted when Norgsveltian submarines sank a Morstaybishlian supply lane which would mark the beginning of a Norgsveltian campaign to choke the mostly unrecognised republic.
Norgsveldet fought and won a decisive naval battle against an unprepared Morstaybishlian defence which would establish a blockade around the republic. Meremaa and Norgsveldet began a full assault into the region of Morzk which lasted until 23 October 1994 when the Republican forces surrendered. Rupert Sinkasa signed a peace treaty with Grand Duke Telvi II of Meremaa and Prime Minister Margete Kverheim of Norgsveldet which saw non-aggression between the three nations and Morstaybishlian recognition of Meremaa.
After the war, it was judged that during the Kalaborgdurg campaign Morstaybishlian and Meremain Republican forces were responsible for over twenty thousand civilian murders and somewhere between one thousand and two thousand five hundred rapes.
State of Morstaybishlia
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/ArleighBurkeClassShips.jpg/250px-ArleighBurkeClassShips.jpg)
Despite sharing the same culture, language and history, west and east Staynes have rivalled each other since antiquity, with the kingdoms of Staynnica and Maltervenia opposing each other during the Era of Changes and their capitals, Redrugus and (now) Sani Bursil going on to compete in growth and economic output during the Industrial Revolution. These two cities were the first two cities to rapidly industrialise in the early-mid 19th century anywhere in the world. Today Redrugus still maintains its industrial identity whilst other cities naturally deindustrialised into primary tertiary economies, such as being the site of Aurora's largest steelwork companies and some of the world's largest manufacturing companies. Up the coast from Redrugus, Fort Staynes maintains the facilities as Staynes' fourth largest port by freight distribution; the city sees large volumes of maritime traffic from east Arcturia and Alaria.
Morstaybishlia faced economic decline in the 1990s and 2000s. Years of privatisation in the 1990s resulted in the quality of goods and services decreasing whilst companies recorded record profits. Unions demanded better pay and working conditions whilst the government maintained its attention abroad in proxy wars with Axdel in Lyrevale and direct conflict in the Meremaa Civil War. When three Podite high elderthanes (Sinkasa, Tharen and Logrin) of six years was defeated in the 1998 general election by Progress Party leader Verlhanz Rothgerus, the new high elderthane focused a considerable amount of resources in tackling socioeconomic issues in the worse affected cities. Redrugus and Fort Staynes, as well as smaller cities nearby were among several areas within Morstaybishlia that was disproportionately treated. Redrugus, who's dockside constituencies are some of the most impoverished in the country, were overlooked and underfunded much to the distaste of the locals, whilst the richer constituencies (namely Bramblehead, Highwood and Kenton Beacon) had practically all of their funding redistributed to places elsewhere. Years passed and conditions did not improve, yet inflation was at a thirty year high.
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/7/7f/Franklin_Barvata_2003.jpg/250px-Franklin_Barvata_2003.jpg)
On 3 May 2002 senior politicians and military personnel met in Clara House for the first of eight secret talks aimed at bringing the Staynish provinces of Horkalo and Redrugus out of Morstaybishlia. They met bi-monthly until their final meeting in July 2003. Notable members included Boriff Dinnick Amildon of Redrugus, Redrugus Chief of Police Kirkosby Lews, former Chief of Defence Staff Velisa Felgian and RedBank CEO Clauzia Murley. In the week leading up to the State of Morstaybishlia declaring independence, military and police leaders carefully and meticulously laid out the groundworks for their coup d'etat. On 31 July 2003, seperatist forces seized control of two aircraft carriers, MBS Marvant and MBS Baltassar, as well as the rest of the Home Fleet docked at Xenliada, the main dockyard of the Morstaybishlian Fleet and the headquarters of the Naval Staff Offices. The coup d'etat was swift, and the police leadership was also ascertained, both without casualties.
On 1 August, a group of crossbench politicians from the two provinces declared a new 'State of Morstaybishlia' as independent from Great Morstaybishlia. Pro-Kalmington politicians had quickly rallied overnight and attempted to organise a resistance. The streets of Redrugus and other large cities entered a week of civil unrest. Until the seperatist forces (which by now had consolidated a disproportionate section of the Morstaybishlian Armed Forces, including 90% of the Imperial Navy's Home Fleet) managed to mobilise defensive lines on the Burren mountains and the Anker River, many thousands evacuated and general anarchy proliferated the cities.
The Morstaybishlian government acted swiftly, though critics argue there were obvious signs a military coup d'etat of Redrugus and Horkalo was happening under their noses months before it happened. Before separatists gained air superiority, Morstaybishlian long-range bomber aircraft disabled several naval vessels, including MBS Horkalo, a Litop-class IIA destroyer. The surrounding waters of Xenliada saw naval engagement, where ships under MBE scrambled to escape State control and disabled targets where they could. Four ships under the MBE's control were sank, including two Rouanezkador-class frigates, MBS Walverdon and MBS Torrin, claiming a total of 787 crew. Seperatists were fought back to the Heldon Bridge, where they destroyed it, thus forming the line of control that would remain until Great Morstaybishlia invaded two years later.
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/0/0b/Staynish_resistance_fighters_in_Redrugus.jpg/250px-Staynish_resistance_fighters_in_Redrugus.jpg)
With his declaration as President of the State of Morstaybishlia and Supreme Commander of its armed forces, George Vermana set out by enacting martial law. To suppress what opposition existed to their self-declared independence, regular stop checks began and curfew was set at 20:00. Vermana's government sought to legitimise their status as an independent nation by continuing the sale of goods, such as grain and oil to importing customers of Great Morstaybishlia, the latter via the Redrugan Oil Reserve (Morstaybishlia's third largest). The MBE responded by patrolling blue waters in the West Sea with components from other fleets, enacting an embargo and seizing ships that tried to leave, or enter. The State responded in kind, and patrolled their own waters. Open sea warfare to remove the blockade begun, and the State, operating the Home Fleet and backed by the Redrugan Oil Reserves, was able to fight indefinitely until all of their ships were damaged or sunken.
Morstaybishlia successfully whipped the ACA (the predecessor of the UNAC) into condemnation of the State by September 2003. A condemnation by the International Forum in January 2004 followed. Both the State and the MBE had rapidly mobilised forces for the advent of war. RedBank departments and cash machines were shut down and disabled across Aurora (where the banks entire operations were conducted), and assets were frozen when economic data showed that the State of Morstaybishlia was a recipient of several of their loans worth billions of Kiribs.
George Vermana was shot and killed by MIB agents operating undercover at his stately home on 18 October 2004 in what the Morstaybishlian Government codenamed Operation Fox Hunt. His death was applauded in main streets like Oswald Place and Palace Street. On the same day, MBE forces penetrated the defense lines of the State and began its invasion. From Kalmington, King Lambertus VII officially declared hostilities, the first time the Morstaybishlian government had done so since the advent of the Auroran Imperial War. In Redrugus, Zecrod Furista was sworn in as President.
Morstaybishlian Secession War
In an interview with the MBC in 2014, Franklin Barvata described how success in Operation Fox Hunt falsely alluded the Morstaybishlian government into believing that the State would collapse because of a fragile leadership system, and that in the vacuum left by the death of George Vermana would allow the Morstaybishlian Armed Forces an easier path to victory against a stunned and chaotic State military command.
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/f/fe/Zecrod_Furista_2004-05.png/250px-Zecrod_Furista_2004-05.png)
No such government or military command collapse occurred, and Zecrod Furista was sworn in as the second president the same day. Kalmington hopes of civil unrest and internal conflict against the Furista government was not met. Morstaybishlian forces crossed the border on 18 October 2004 and was met by fierce resistance, though as the conflict progressed, lightning tactics were employed to encircle State units to force a quicker victory. However, George Vermana had predicted this in his tenure and had planted explosives on every road across the border. When these eplosives were detonated, the Morstaybishlian fast attack strategies were useless. Warfare on the ground continued slowly, and battles were mainly fought in the air and at sea.
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/1/19/IED_destroys_Morstaybishlian_truck.png/250px-IED_destroys_Morstaybishlian_truck.png)
In the north, the MBE's delayed landings as a result of the 2004 Packilvanian Ocean Typhoon season's Typhoon Ariezoe made continual permanent territorial gains as forces on land pushed south. In the east, State forces fought hardest and territorial gains were harder come by. The capture of Skaul, Queenschester and Fort Staynes had Zecrod Furista on the defensive. By April 2005, as Kalmington was preparring for the 2005 genral election, forces aboard the Baltassar-class MBS Baltassar (the lead ship of her class) mutinied, and surrendered to the Morstaybishlian Fleet. Further waves of surrendering forces saw morale in Furista's government fall dramatically. Several politicians and members of State High Command either attempted unsuccessfully or successfully to leave to seek refuge in Morstaybishlia and avoid imprisonment by revealing sensitive strategies or secrets which could help the war effort. Only two out of six high ranking politicians and military command managed this feat.
During fierce combat in the Battle of Kasilly Point, MBS Roumont, under command of the State, was sunk and destroyed by a Vezra GE-25 fourth-generation fighter. Other smaller vessels on both sides were sunk.
At some point during 16 to 20 September 2005 Zecrod Furista fled the country, and on 24 September 2005 the State of Morstaybishlia surrendered. The new High Elderthane Walter Johannes travelled to Redrugus on 26 September and declared 'the people are free, and this dark chapter of Morstaybishlia's history is over'.
Preliminary talks in early 2005 between Great Morstaybishlia, Axdel (who's political relationship with Morstaybishlia had improved drastically since the Lyrevale Continuation War nineteen years before) and the Republic of Ethalria would form the basis of the Western Auroran Pact (WAP), which would become the precursor of the Intercontinental Regional Security Accords (IRSA). A main proponent to the groups formation was unity against secessionist movements, which all parties had partial issues with.
Acts of Union
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/3/37/Johannes_and_Samsey.png/300px-Johannes_and_Samsey.png)
Jusdelva faced continuous trouble with a language and cultural divide since it was colonised in the late 15th century. Jusdelva, who seceded from Morstaybishlia upon the closure of the Auroran Imperial War was bound by the Loeizaporzh Agreement, signed by former High Elderthanen Delores Gastrell and the first High Elderthane of Jusdelva Riannar B. Carrington, which stated that "if at any stage it is clear that a majority of constituencies in Jusdelva hold pro-Morstaybishlian seats, then a referendum for Morstaybishlian reunification would be considered" and that, under these terms, "a Morstaybishlian reunification would see Jusdelva become a functioning member state of Morstaybishlia as opposed to territory of the crown". After the 2014 Jusdelva general election, the new High Elderthane Wiley Gordwin was elected but led a minority government, his opposition could not form a government but which formed for the first time a majority for pro-Morstaybishlia. Gordwin controversially ignored this clause in the Loeizaporzh Agreement, and had a huge backlash from politicians and the general public. At the time, Gordwins' opinion polls dropped to 23 percent, the lowest of any Jusdelviz high elderthanes ever. A general election was called after a vote of no confidence. The Liberal League of Jusdelva lost ten seats in the 2015 Jusdelva general election and the Jusdelviz Unionist Party was voted in. His successor, and the new High Elderthane Arran Samsey, held a referendum on 16 December 2015 which saw a 65 percent vote for Morstaybishlian reunification, though no constituency in the Eastern Outliers voted to leave. Samsey flew to Sani Bursil on as many as eleven occasions to discuss with Walter Johannes an agreement. One year later to the day, on 16 December 2016, the Imperial Kingdom of Great Morstaybishlia and Jusdelva came into being, the result of Acts of Union being passed by the Sammings of Great Morstaybishlia and Jusdelva and so unite the two kingdoms.
Auroran-Cerenerian War
See also: Auroran-Cerenerian War
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/2/29/Ethalrian_bombing_of_a_Calth_village.jpg/275px-Ethalrian_bombing_of_a_Calth_village.jpg)
After loyalists to the Ethalrian Monarchy illegitimately seized the government of the Republic of Ethalria in May 2017 to form the Greater Ethalrian Empire, the Morstaybishlian Government would call an emergency meeting between world leaders at Sani Bursil Royal Palace resulting in an allegiance of half a dozen countries to fight the new Auroran threat. Tensions rose across the world for a few weeks. The Royal Parade was not cancelled despite the best efforts of High Elderthane Walter Johannes, who deemed it 'unsafe in the current political climate'. During the parade around Sani Bursil, an assassination attempt on King Lambertus VII failed but resulted in the death of the heir apparent Prince Thadeus. It was soon thereafter discovered that the plot was orchestrated by operatives of the Matriarchy of Ethalria working for Amalda Harimann and Great Morstaybishlia declared war on the Matriarchy the same day.
With Stratarin's Premier Viktor Drugov losing his position of power to Mikhail Starikov, Great Morstaybishlia lost one of its great allies. Starikov made his intentions known and became allies with the Matriarchy of Ethalria, the Greater Ethalrian Empire and Kostromastan, forming the axis. Stratarin played a vital role in military armament and funding of the axis; in particular Kostromastan, who had used this aide to push an invasion deep into Nocturne. Kostromastan and Stratarin would aim to push deep into Barbarus and Laulia Provinces to ambush the vastly spread and deeply entrenched allied forces in their battle over north Ethalrian cities, and a planned Strataric naval invasion on the beaches of Aurus and Laulia Provinces was narrowly prevented when their naval routes were cut off by the Oan Isles, which began the Cerenerian Theater of War. Great Morstaybishlia immediately amassed a force with IRSA to invade both Ethalria's. Facing fierce opposition, the allies narrowly secured victories in Arkenvel and Avenai in late June and July, later beating the Matriarchy of Ethalria in the battle for Karinthus and later Ribenstadt, the Ethalrian capital which would lead Harimann into hiding and see the Ethalrian Vice Matriarch sign the Instrument of Surrender on the 24th of October. In the west the allies were repelled into Valeria, with bombing of cities Leriad, Burleron and Kovaro killing millions of people, but upon the surrender of the Matriarchy of Ethalria, the Greater Ethalrian Empire caved into pressure on all sides from the allies, herself surrendering soon thereafter. Immediately following the war, Great Morstaybishlia, as well as Axdel, Tuvaltastan and the Oan Isles saw the fragmentation of both Ethalria's and occupied each zone which became the six Ethaln countries.
Since the Auroran-Cerenerian War
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/b/b3/Embask_oil_rig_in_the_Artic.jpg/300px-Embask_oil_rig_in_the_Artic.jpg)
Walter Johannes lost the 2019 general election to Progress Party fielded candidate Franklin Barvata[1], ending the 14 year Johannes administration and subsequently stepped down as Podite leader[2].
Kyrloth's annexation of Izria saw the Embask oil rigs off the coast of the Undirnor and Slodhir Islands unlawfully and illegally signed away by King Tegura IV to Sinter Tass sparking controversy and outrage[3]. Barvata failed to negotiate with Tass and the latter sent a blockade of corvettes to the oil rigs[4]. Norgsveltian Prime Minister Sverdrup hosted a meeting between Tass, Barvata and Kuthern leaders[5]. Meanwhile during this meeting one of the oil rigs was blown up on order of Artun Sotarikos and sunk the destroyer MBS Dovia[6]. The incident was known as the The Lion of Taren Incident, and in Norgsveldet the outcome of this meeting saw the Kyrlot Government pay a sum of 20 billion Kiribs (5% of their GDP) for the oil rigs and compensation to the workers and the dead workers' families. Barvata later sacked Elderthane for Foreign and Oversea Territory Affairs Janietta Rubis from the cabinet for her poor handling of the situation, replacing her with Ron Wehrasbi[7].
Walter Johannes successor Berowalt Ase accused his party of a 'witch hunt' after being forced to resign for alleged continuous racism, being succeeded by Benjamin Wardola[8]. This leadership change rippled in the Civic Party [9] and its leader Paddy Lukamortz was replaced by Osbourne Saudaran in the 2020 MBE Democrats Leadership Election[10][11].
In May 2020, Great Morstaybishlia joined the The Anti-Alyunthian Coalition, and participated in open political isolation against Alyunthia, but unlike the lead member Rodenia who had declared hostilities, Great Morstaybishlia decided to remain neutral.
In the defence of peace, Great Morstaybishlia, Meremaa and Norgsveldet signed the Riberoe Pact[12], a non-aggression treaty over the tensions in the territorial waters of Meremaa and Dalmaghar that have existed since the Meremaa Civil War.
On 25 June 2020 High Elderthane Franklin Barvata made a speech advocating de-escalating Arcturia[13] after large political blocs including the UCA and LN condemned Rodenia for their military intervention into Puntalia. The Morstaybishlian Government deployed the Home Fleet to Lambombay Naval Base, Nevez Kaltariezh; a 200 vessel strong theater-level component command led by aircraft carrier MBS Glasgore to provide humanitarian aid and to promote de-escalation with their presence[14][15]. A day later the home fleet was split into three. MBS Jarsdel was sent to lead a force to the west coast of Rodenia, MBS Sinkasa was sent with a group to the east coast and MBS Glasgore led a group on the north coast[16]. Barvata scrutinised Prime Minister Johanna Sverdrup of Norgsveldet for her “lack of professionalism and cooperation” following a telephone conversation between the two where he tried to establish meaningful cooperation and to de-escalate and overcome the tensions in Arcturia[17][18]. Barvata reached out to Packilvania for support in blockading the naval maritime border between a UCA coalition and Rodenia[19][20]. The addition of Packilvania alongside Great Morstaybishlia plateaued rising troop deployment from the UCA.
On 10 July 2020 Great Morstaybishlia hosted a conference of nation states involved in the Puntalian Crisis. The 2020 PCT Sani Bursil Summit saw the end of hostilities from Rodenia, the UCA with the Puntalian Cooperation Council (PCC) erected to maintain the clauses of the Puntalian Compromise Treaty. In accordance to the clauses laid out in the treaty, Great Morstaybishlia and Packilvania ended its maritime occupation and blockade to prevent an outbreak of war between nations involved. Great Morstaybishlia was a listed member of the Puntalian Cooperation Council and will lead in the establishment of PCC military installations in both New Puntalia and Puntalia.
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/4/43/Fort_Nocturne_riot_1.jpg/250px-Fort_Nocturne_riot_1.jpg)
Terrorists co-ordinated two attacks that took place on 24 July 2020 in Barbarus and Jomsgord Provinces, Kaltariezh, Great Morstaybishlia. Beginning at 08:36, one Khadgar tank operated by terrorists alongside 37 terrorists shot and blew up the side of the Barbarus police headquarters building before committing a mass shooting. At 9:06 another tank and gunmen committed a second mass shooting on the Khauser police headquarters. Both mass shootings resulted in a standoff with police. 67 civilians were killed and another 71 injured. 67 of the suspected 81 attackers were killed. Since the attacks, nobody has taken responsibility. High Elderthane Franklin Barvata initiated a state of emergency which was declared across Great Morstaybishlia to help fight terrorism, involving the banning of public demonstrations, and allowing the police to carry out searches without a warrant, put anyone under house arrest without trial and block websites that encouraged acts of terrorism. Calthia, Laulia, Aurus, Barbarus, Jomsgord provinces of Kaltariezh were put on Black Alert with a curfew of 21:00, football matches and pubs were also closed and non-essential travel became prohibited. The July 2020 Kaltariezh attacks were the deadliest in Great Morstaybishlia since the Auroran Imperial War.
A day later, violent riots in major cities of Nocturne Province began in Fort Nocturne against the military presence and changes implemented following the terror attacks. The rioting escalated into over twenty minutes of armed conflict between the join occupying police and military presence and freedom fighters, claiming the lives of six police, two soldiers and 29 freedom fighters. Immediately following the conflict the high elderthane tightened restrictions but rioting, arson, looting and other violent crimes ensued continuously for another four days, until 29 July. Since then, rioting has continued but more sporadically and no engagements between armed forces and freedom fighters have occured.
The August 2020 Kaltariezh police attack saw a drone bomb attack into a meeting of chief constables in Kola House, Nocturne provincial police headquarters, eastern Kaltariezh, Great Morstaybishlia; that happened at 14:05 and claimed the lives of six chief constables, one deputy chief constable and one site engineer. No one has claimed responsibility for the attack, although in a nation addressed High Elderthane Franklin Barvata insisted that the same group responsible for the July 2020 Kaltariezh attacks are to blame.
The high elderthane denied a proposed independence referendum by FP Berinter Fokes for the city of Aegis in Valeria that was set out in a clause of the Aegis Area Agreement of 1975 and 1977. The Supreme Court of Great Morstaybishlia ruled his denial of the clause unlawful. The high elderthane flew to Andel, the capital of Axdel and conferred with President Diego Corbinn where they ruled out the clause as void due to the clause not bring brought over from signatory state of Noroist Axdel to Axdel, due to the nature of the transition. After the high elderthane's address, many South Staynish Progress FPs organised a faction within the party, known as Valerian Progress, which would fight for better representation for the constituent country and for a more appropriate national identity. The Valeria Elderthane Nellie Hermin resigned and conveyed a public speech to millions of viewers, prompting for the resignation of the high elderthane.
On 9 March 2021, four coordinated terrorist attacks and a fifth foiled attack occurred in Joralesia between 13:03 and 13:39. Including two perpetrators, 354 people died and 881 were injured, 109 of which critically[21]. Vothetrian Prime Minister Clauzia Sarohart was a victim of the second bombing. The high elderthane called a TRIDENT meeting and initiated Black Alert over all Joralesia, which was given Royal Assent at 04:00 on 10 March, three hours after the attack (as Sani Bursil is twelve time zones in front). The 2021 Joralesian attacks were later discovered to be conducted by members of the Ravenspaw and Greypike cartels, two listed terrorist organisations. By evening on the same day of the attacks, protests and later riots throughout Joralesian cities took place.
In the Folks, the high elderthane attempted to amend the Anti-Terrorism Act, passed controversially in 2020 to give amnesty to actions taken by Joralesian police, including unsanctioned arrests for anyone affiliated with the ongoing protests. This was met with heavy criticism across the House and the amendment historically failed, with three Cabinet members voting against the government. Barvata refrained from forcing their resignations against convention. Barvata called for and the House voted on an early general election, which failed. When the House voted on a second amendment to the Act, it failed by two votes, leading to Barvata circumnavigating the Fixed-terms Sammings Act of 1999 which requires a two-thirds supermajority in order for an election to take place by passing the Early Sammings General Election Act 2021, which only required fifty percent[22]. King Lambertus VII gave Royal Assent to the Early Sammings General Election Act 2021 on the afternoon of 10 March 2021 and the samming dissolved at 00:01 on 11 March 2021[23].
The general election was the first in 23 years to result in a hung samming[24]. The abstentionist Marislian Independence Party had its greatest ever victory. Progress remained in power after forming a minority government with inner-party agreements with the Valerian Progress faction. Two days later, MARIP leader Romilda von Anzitter forwarded a strong demand for independence live on MBC.
Geography
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/0/08/Jan_2021_MBE_big_boi_proof.jpg/400px-Jan_2021_MBE_big_boi_proof.jpg)
Great Morstaybishlia has an area of 5,940,250km² (or 2,293,542 square miles). The mainland part of Great Morstaybishlia is made up of Staynes, Kaltariezh and Valeria which are collectively referred to as Morstaybishlia. Jusdelva is an archipelago located in the Caven Sea that forms the metropolitan part of the Great Morstaybishlia along with Morstaybishlia. This article will refer to the metropolitan part of the MBE unless it specifically refers to one, some or all of its numerous overseas territories.
Great Morstaybishlia is the third biggest nation and largest transcontinental empire on Urth. At its height, it was the largest nation on the planet. It has a diverse range of ecosystems. Its metropolitan area goes through five timezones.
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/e/e8/Mount_Kersivius.jpg/250px-Mount_Kersivius.jpg)
The average elevation is 845 m (or 2772 ft). The highest elevation is the summit of Mount Kersivius which is 7,405 m (or 24,294 ft). The lowest elevation is the Nepiditras Depression in Kaltariezh (at 79 m below sea level). The longest river is Stayn River with a length of 5,216 km (or 3241 miles). The largest lake by surface area is Morsa Lake with an area of 129,850 km² (or 50,135 square miles). It is the second largest lake by surface area on Urth.
The geology of Jusdelva and Morstaybishlia are different. Jusdelva was formed from volcanic activity and as such it has igneous rock with a base of basalt rock. Morstaybishlia has sedimentary rock with high amount of metals such as iron, aluminium and silicate minerals, precious metals such as silver, rhodium, palladium, platinum and gold, semi precious and precious stones such as sapphire, ruby, garnet, emerald and red beryl, and fossil fuels such as petroleum, natural gas and coal.
Biodiversity and environment
Great Morstaybishlia as a whole comprises largely varying ecosystems. Jusdelva has an entirely tropical climate and over 65% of the land is made up by the Flizon rainforest. The Flizon is recognised as being one of the greatest biological diversity sites in the world and is a lot more species rich than the Jubrione evergreen rainforest despite its higher level of biodiversity to other evergreen rainforests, caused by large annual rainfall from Morsa Lake which extends all the way to the Agners mountains and the Staynes-Kaltariezh border.
Small regions of Moorlands and the Great Savanna form a natural barrier around the Jubrione evergreen rainforest to the temperate deciduous forests in Staynes. The Great Savanna offers one of the most unusual landscapes in the world, with rivers, waterfalls and gorges, deep and vast valleys, impenetrable jungles and savannahs that host large numbers and varieties of plant species, a diverse fauna and the isolated table-top mesas. The Great Savanna extends all the way from the western Staynish coast to the centre-north Kaltariz coast, though it is split into western and eastern regions. Much of it has been turned into agriculture or settlement by humans over millennia, though considerable amounts have been protected as national parks today.
Much of the Horkalic, and some of the Redrugan Provinces make up the Horkalic Basin; a large shallow inland sea. If present today, it would completely isolate over half of Horkalo from continental Aurora. Today though it acts as a drainage basin for multiple large rivers including the longest Staynish river the Anker to the West Sea. The Staynish interior including the Horkalic Basin also has areas of seasonal wetlands and large deposits of crude oil from ancient marine organisms of the former Maltervenic Sea. The northern regions of the basin, and a large part of the north-west coast are made of mangrove swamps.
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/d/d2/Rolling_hills_of_the_South_Staynish_countryside.jpg/180px-Rolling_hills_of_the_South_Staynish_countryside.jpg)
The Zycannes is one of the worlds largest mountain ranges by area, the largest on Aurora, and is the worlds longest. The mountains form the natural border between several nations, including Staynes and Valeria to an extent. Staynes and a small region of Valeria that is north of the mountain range is on the windward side and sees luscious vegetative growth whilst Valeria is on the leeward side and is a long belt hot semi-arid land which makes up the Sperran Desert. There are two mountain ranges adjacent to the Zycannes; the Burren mountains and the Oesan mountains. Between the Burren and Zycannes there's a semi-arid region known as the Jersian Desert and between the Oesan and Zycannes there's a small semi-arid region called the Oeser Desert.
Within the hot semi-arid climate of the Sperran Desert lies a small belt of cold desert climate that forms a boundary. Valeria experiences a mixture of temperate coniferous forests and grasslands on relatively flat areas or rolling hills. The region south of the cold desert belt has a continental climate with cold winters and warm summers.
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/2/2f/Zycannes.jpg/180px-Zycannes.jpg)
In part of being split by two mountain ranges, the Zycannes and the Kalivian mountains; Kaltariezh is split into three different regions. The north of the Zycannes is windward and hosts a mixture of temperate climates, present in the north and north west is an oceanic climate and closer to the Zycannes is a typical continental climate. Immediately below the Zycannes is a narrow belt of cold desert called the Waron Desert and the Versuben mountains which connects to the Zycannes in two places and forms a segregated low area of hot arid land known as the Versubish Desert. Between the Waron Desert and the Kalivian mountains there are areas of large precipitation and thus forms a large wet temperate forest region. North of the Kalivian mountains is windward and south of the mountains is leeward, giving the provinces of Nocturne and some of Barbarus and Jomsgord a mixture of steppe and a semi-arid deserts.
In the seas surrounding Great Morstaybishlia, Jusdelva is host to some 25 deep-water corals primarily in the Western Outliers Province but also in the Dorghold Islands chain between Sinerus Island and Varness. The largest deep-water corals are Pannagar corals which extends over a length of about 43 kilometers (27 mi), and has a width of up to 6.9 kilometers (4.3 mi) and Kenure corals which extends over a length of about 31 kilometers (19.2 mi), and has a width of up to 5 kilometers (3.1 mi). The deep-water corals belong to the Phylum Cnidaria and are mostly stony corals, but also include black and horny corals. The black and horny corals aren't present in the 4 deep-water corals off the coast Kaltariezh and Staynes respectively. Off the coast of Valeria and encompassing most of the continental waters in the Azure Sea lies a kelp forest.
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Kukenan_Roraima_GS.jpg/1000px-Kukenan_Roraima_GS.jpg)
Flora
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/VanHornTX_2008.jpg/220px-VanHornTX_2008.jpg)
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/b/b1/Horkalo_coast.jpg/230px-Horkalo_coast.jpg)
Metropolitan Morstaybishlia is divided into three regions that vary dramatically in climate and soils, though it is largely temperate, oceanic, monsoon and semi-arid; these regions are divided by the Zycannes which due to the tundra climate is widely inhospitable, though the wetlands and foothills host over 20 percent of all Morstaybishlian flora species, including 411 angiosperm, 5 gymnosperm and 15 fern species.
Staynes and Kaltariezh make up the Morstia region as their climates, flora and fauna are very dissimilar. The Morstia region hosts the most plant species in metropolitan Morstaybishlia. The Jubrione evergreen rainforest is a deciduous broadleaf, wet, high diversity rainforest; and as such contains over 50 percent of all plant species in metropolitan Morstaybishlia. The Maple is found in the Jubrione and is Morstaybishlia's national tree; it has since been exported around the world through the Morstaybishlian Empire. Although a broad leaf forest, coniferous trees make up over ten percent and are invasive, non-native species introduced from Gondwana in the 16th and 17th centuries.
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/b/b4/Maple_tree_of_MORST.jpg/220px-Maple_tree_of_MORST.jpg)
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/9/9e/Deep-water_corals_Western_Outliers_Province.jpg/220px-Deep-water_corals_Western_Outliers_Province.jpg)
The rest of Morstia is typically inhabited by deciduous forest, plains and moorland with a diverse pattern of vegetation. As with most of Aurora, prehistoric Morstaybishlia was covered with forest and swamp. Clearing began around 5,000 BCE and accelerated in medieval times. Despite this, Morstaybishlia retained its primeval forests and evergreen rainforest longer than most of Aurora due to its size, and wood shortages were not a problem until the 17th century. By the 18th century, around 50 percent of Morstaybishlian forests were consumed for shipbuilding or manufacturing charcoal and the nation was forced to import lumber from Arcturia. Today, most forest land in Morstaybishlia is maintained by state forestation programmes. Almost all land outside urban areas is farmland. However, relatively large areas of forest remain in north and south-west Staynes, north Kaltariezh and south-eastern Valeria. The most common trees in Morstaybishlia are beech, silver birch, elm and pedunculate oak. Natural forests in Morstaybishlia consist mainly of Maple or Oak. Farmland hosts a variety of semi-natural vegetation of grasses and flowering plants. Woods, hedgerows, mountain slopes and marshes host heather, wild grasses, gorse and bracken. Morstaybishlia has several national flowers, including the Hydrangea, Daffodil and the Morst Rose.
Valeria consists primarily of semi-arid desert, oceanic and temperate. The creosote bush is the dominant plant species on gravelly and occasional sandy soils in valley areas within the Sperran Desert. The other species creosote bush is found with depend on factors including the soil type, elevation, and degree of slope. Desert or arid grasslands comprise 20% of this desert and are often mosaics of shrubs and grasses, the most famous of which is the purple three-awn.
Jusdelva is rich and varied, with habitats ranging from tidal swamps at sea level to alpine conditions. In low-lying coastal areas, various species of mangroves form the main vegetation, together with the beautiful casuarina, sago, and palm. Most of the country is covered by tropical and savanna rain forest, in which valuable trees such as kwila and cedar are found. Orchids, lilies, ferns, and creepers abound in the rain forests. There are large stands of pine at elevations of 910 to 1,220 m (3,000–4,000 ft). At the highest altitudes, mosses, lichens, and other alpine flora prevail.
Fauna
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/7/7b/Auroran_Jaguar_1.jpg/275px-Auroran_Jaguar_1.jpg)
The fauna of Morstaybishlia has many endemic species found nowhere else on Urth. Morstaybishlia shares a great deal of its fauna with the rest of the Auroran continent. An estimated 360 species of mammals characterize the fauna of the continental MBE. There are more than 600 species of bird and more than 65,000 species of insects. There are 272 known reptiles, 222 amphibians and 953 known fish species.
Jusdelva comprises a much smaller land area within the MBE, yet supports nearly an equal percentage of biodiversity, and constitutes nearly 5 percent of the recognised world vertebrates; ranging from an estimated 3 percent of the world's lizards and mammals to about 8 percent of the world's fish species.
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/3/35/Green-billed_toucan_%28Justelvard%29.jpg/200px-Green-billed_toucan_%28Justelvard%29.jpg)
There are animals that exist in all of the continental Morstaybishlia; some of which includes the Yastaurian sparrowhawk, the common kestrel, the Auroran stoat, Auroran rabbit, wild boar, black rat, black rat snake, Auroran common frog and noble false widow. However, generally it is split similarly to the flora regions; that is the Morstia, Abergwerin, Valerian, Jubrione and Marislian regions.
Huge parts of the country with the most distinctive indigenous wildlife are protected as national parks. In 2020, the MBE had more than 4910 national parks or protected areas, all together more than 1,523,210 km². The first national park was the Jubrione National Park in Jubrionas Province, recognised and established by Royal Charter in 1799. Jubrione National Park is widely considered to be the finest megafauna wildlife habitat in the MBE. There are 64 species of mammal in the park, including the Auroran cheetah, Auroran jaguar and the threatened brown bear.
Abergwerin
Of the native fauna to Abergwerin perhaps the most notable are the Wild boars, hunting of whom was a common manhood ritual amongst early Kaltian societies. Though now days surpassed by the Kalt Lion in cultural importance, in the Kingdoms of Calthia and Laulia it was a common theme in crests and flags.
Another notable part of Abergwerin Fauna is the Kalt Puma, nicknamed Kalt lion, which in turn is found in so many Calhtarusian symbols. The Kalt Puma along with black bears is often considered the apex predator of the Abergwerin area. Though other notable predators include the Dotted Kalt lion and the wolf. Biologists have for years advocated for years for changing the common name of the dotted Kalt lion, because it is based on a centuries old misunderstanding that thought it was much closer than the actual Kalt lion, but so far the name has stuck
Abergwerin is home ot numerous snake species that populate it’s beaches and forrest. Luckily for the population however, most of the snakes while numerous are not deadly venomous, a dubious honour which goes only to the Forest Devil and the Green Viper species. Notably both of the species only bite in self defense, but are easily aggravated resulting in a large number of bites, especially to unwary hikers, each year.
Morstia
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/3/38/Common_buzzard.jpg/170px-Common_buzzard.jpg)
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/2/22/Velvet_Red_Deer_1.jpg/225px-Velvet_Red_Deer_1.jpg)
The ecoregions and ecology found in the Morstia region is extremely varied as it extends from the Molvian Corridor in the south-west to the border with Tivot and Blueacia in the north-east. The region has a diverse climate that influences the inhabiting fauna; a humid continental climate in the southern provinces, a humid subtropical climate in the middle provinces of mainly Staynes but also a small area of Kaltariezh, and tropical wet and dry climate in the north of Staynes and over 90 percent of the Morstia region in Kaltariezh. There are densely forested areas found in southern and central Staynes which have mostly species adapted to living in temperate climates, while northern Staynes excluding the Jubrione region and all of Kaltariezh in this region have a fauna resembling its position in the subtropic and tropics.
The western coast of Staynes varies from a warmer-to-colder climate from north to south. Several species live throughout the coast, though mostly avian and fish species such as the Yastaurian sparrowhawk which inhabits the Bolmertheton Isles and Montinay Island, but also the grey buzzard, Auroran anchovy, yellowfin tuna, black marlin, swordfish and shiny bird squid. In most of the Morstia region are various deer species like the velvet red deer and fallow deer; speckled ground squirrel, common badger, red fox, buzzards and several species of snakes and lizards are common.
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/2/2e/Morstaybishlian_crocodile.jpg/120px-Morstaybishlian_crocodile.jpg)
Many species of mega fauna and large carnivorous mammals that lived in the Morstian savanna have been hunted for their meats, skins and ivory, and many have been pushed to extinction as a result. The brown bear once spanned all of northern Aurora but was hunted for its fur and because it was a dangerous predator; today it lives in pockets of the Morstian region across northern Staynes and Kaltariezh. Some common species in the savanna include the giant anteater, giant armadillo, ocelot, spotted paca, widow monkey, cock-of-the-rock and tango pitviper. Many amphibians live in wet areas, including the golden belly frog and black bumped toad. Capybara are also found in the savanna and is the provincial animal of Horkalo and Jubliak.
Along the north and west coastlines are several species of whales, sea otters, grey seals, and even the Morstian flamingo.
In the mangroves on the northern coast the Morstaybishlian crocodile lives in great number but are a protected species since their decline in the 19th century where crocodile leather fashion was at an all time high. Other species that inhabit the mangrove includes the mangrove black hawk, common snapping turtle, roseate spoonbill, mangrove tree crab, tropical gar and the mummichog killfish; but they are most famous for holding the most anole species of any place in the world with 114 accepted species. The most notable of which are the blue-headed anole, blue-throated anole and the giant anole - the largest species of anole in the dactyloidae family.
Jubrione
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/3/32/Pygmy_hippos.jpg/175px-Pygmy_hippos.jpg)
The Jubrione region was mapped separately from the Morstia region in 1902 to separate the evergreen rainforest with the rest of Morstia. It encompassed a region approximately 390,693 km². This land, which eventually became only seven constituencies in 1917 was protected as a nature reserve as the Jubrione National Park. The national park is home to a plethora of fauna, including species that overlap with those found in the Morstia region such as the wild boar, velvet red deer, brown bear, and the Morstaybishlian crocodile which inhabits several freshwater river systems.
Many native fauna also make the Jubrione Rainforest their home, including Morstaybishlia's national animal the Auroran jaguar and two other big cats; the Auroran cheetah and a subspecies of the ocelot found exclusively in fringe parts of the west and south near the savanna. Hunting these big cats for their furs were a traditional sport until it was banned in the 1940s - the numbers of the Auroran cheetah came as low as 450 mating pairs in the wild, though breeding and reintroduction programs have increased their native population tenfold. Many other animals have experienced the same problem and have had reintroduction programs, such as the panther genet and the nocturnal pigmy hippopotamus.
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/a/a2/Male_King_colobus.jpg/130px-Male_King_colobus.jpg)
Other mammals in the Jubrione region include the aforementioned big cats, the little spotted cat, brown throated sloth, black-and-white colobus, greater spot-nosed monkey, red-bellied monkey, lesser bush baby, Jubrionas bushbaby, giant anteater, orange-furred honey bear, red brocket, agile gracile opposum, white-bellied slender opossum, and the grey-bellied caenolestid. The Jubrione region is host to many water-borne mammals like the endemic north Auroran manatee, Jubrionas river dolphin, pygmy sperm whale, southern sea lion, neotropical river otter, pantropical spotted dolphin and the common bottlenose dolphin.
Some species of rodent mammals in the Jubrione region are Mesomys spiny tree rat, woolly-headed spiny tree-rat, neotropical pygmy squirrel, white-footed climbing mouse, Jubrione forest climbing mouse, yellow-bellied climbing mouse, black rat and Capybara; though another 38 species of rodent exist or are endemic to the region.
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/d/df/Auroran_ghost_bat.jpg/150px-Auroran_ghost_bat.jpg)
The Jubrione region is home to 119 species of Chiroptera, the most bat species in any one region in all of the southern hemisphere and which over a third are endemic. Some of its more well known are the silver-tipped myotis, black myotis, small big-eared brown bat and the Auroran ghost bat; a relatively rare, completely white, insectivorous bat, with an unusual sac at the base of its tail.
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Bubo_virginianus_06.jpg/150px-Bubo_virginianus_06.jpg)
The Jubrione region has over 690 species of birds - one of the highest number of any national park in the world. New species of birds are still being discovered and catalogued by scientists, of which 11 have been officially added to science in the last 40 years. Some bird species include the Morstian flamingo, grey tinamou, puna tinamou, fulvous whistling-duck, white-faced whistling-duck, black-bellied whistling-duck, comb duck, ruddy duck, blue-throated piping-guan, rufous-headed chachalaca, nocturnal curassow, titicaca grebe, band-tailed pigeon, eared dove, croaking ground dove, smooth-billed ani, pavonine cuckoo, squirrel cuckoo, oilbird, pong-tailed potoo, common nighthawk, common pauraque, spot-tailed nightjar, lesser swallow-tailed swift, fiery topaz, buff-tailed sicklebill, koepcke's hermit, brown violetear, ruby-topaz hummingbird, speckled hummingbird, limpkin, spotted rail, sora, killdeer, snowy plover, blackish oystercatcher, Jubrionas avocet, red knot, surfbird, greater yellowlegs, lesser yellowlegs, black skimmer, black-legged kittiwake, Morstian pelican, roseate spoonbill, Morstian condor, blue-crowned trogon, broad-billed motmot, green kingfisher, purplish jacamar, brown nunlet, scarlet-banded barbet, golden-collared toucanet, collared aracari, scarlet-backed woodpecker, fasciated antshrike, rufous antpitta, vilcabamba tapaculo, short-tailed antthrush, common miner, ruddy-tailed flycatcher, cinnamon manakin-tyrant, turquoise jay, purplish jay,
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Bronze-winged_Parrot_%28Pionus_chalcopterus%29.jpg/170px-Bronze-winged_Parrot_%28Pionus_chalcopterus%29.jpg)
black-capped donacobius, and many, many others.
There are many seabirds associated with the Jubrione region, and many are endemic here. Some of these seabirds include the grey gull, kelp gull, common tern, red-tailed tropicbird, grey-headed albatross, white-bellied storm-petrel, wood stork, magnificent frigatebird, blue-footed booby, neotropic cormorant, rufescent tiger-heron and little blue heron.
The Jubrione region hosts dozens of bird of prey and owls, some of the more well known or recognised are the red-throated caracara, orange-breasted falcon, semiplumbeous hawk, black-faced buzzard, cinnamon screech-owl and great horned owl. The osprey, brown barn owl and white barn owl are found here but also across vast parts of the world.
There are few parrot species remaining in the region as several dozen have been hunted to extinction, some include the bronze-winged parrot, white-eyed parakeet, cobalt-winged parakeet and the grey-cheeked parakeet.
The Jubrione region has many insect and terrestrial gastropod molluscs. The raspberry crazy ants, longhorn crazy ants and fire ants are widely distributed here. The Jubrione region has over six hundred bee species, but only one of them make honey; the red dwarf honey bee, and is native across the rest of Aurora. banana slugs, six-spotted tiger beetles and goldenrod soldier beetles are endemic to the Jubrione Rainforests.
Jusdelva
Valerian
Zycannes
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/2/20/Vicunga_camelet.jpg/250px-Vicunga_camelet.jpg)
The fauna of the Zycannes, the largest mountain range of Aurora that stretches across the Staynes-Valeria border and divides northern and southern Aurora, is large and diverse, containing many different animal species.
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Andean_Condor_in_flight.jpg/200px-Andean_Condor_in_flight.jpg)
With almost a thousand species, of which roughly ⅔ are endemic to the region, the Zycannes are the most important region in the world for amphibians. The diversity of animals in the Zycannes is high, with almost 650 species of mammals (15 percent endemic), more than 1,800 species of bird (about 30 percent endemic), more than 650 species of reptiles (about 48 percent endemic) and 420 species of fish (around 35 percent endemic).
The Zycuna can be found living in the Zycannes plateau, the widest part of the mountain range and are similar to camelids in Cereneria and Gondwana. Few predators exist here, but those that do are the brown bear, Zycannes cat and the golden-throated marten - a widely distributed omnivore whose sources of food range from fruit and nectar to small deer; they also play an important role in local folklore and Zycandean culture. The nocturnal chinchillas, two threatened members of the rodent order, inhabits the Zycannes' alpine regions and are widely domesticated.
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Tapirus_pinchaque_portrait.jpg/200px-Tapirus_pinchaque_portrait.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Bullockia_maldonadoi.jpg/150px-Bullockia_maldonadoi.jpg)
Other domestics that originates from the Zycannes region are the Mara and the Zycannes mountain cavy. Other wild mammals found in the relatively open habitats of the high Zycannes include the Zycandean deer and foxes in the genus Pseudalopex.
Although very rich in flora and fauna, few large mammals are found in the Zycannes cloud forests, with exceptions being the threatened mountain tapir and yellow-tailed woolly monkey.
The Zycandean condor, the largest flying land-bird in the southern hemisphere, occurs throughout much of the Zycannes but generally in very low densities. Numerous other birds are found in open habitats of the Zycannes, including certain species of tinamous (notably members of the genus Nothoprocta), Zycandean moa, Zycandean goose, torrent duck, giant coot, Zycandean flicker, diademed sandpiper-plover, miners, Zycandean-finches and diuca-finches.
A few species of hummingbirds, notably some hillstars, can be seen at altitudes above 4,000 m (13,100 ft), but far higher diversities can be found at lower altitudes, especially in the humid Zycandean forests ("cloud forests"). Other birds of humid Zycandean forests include quetzals of the trogon family, whilst mixed species flocks dominated by tanagers and ovenbirds are common sights, in contrast to some vocal but typically cryptic species of rhinocryptidae, grallariidae and wrens.
There are many freshwater and saline lakes, and even some hypersaline lakes. Each host several threatened endemics, including grebes in the rollandia genus (white-tufted grebe and short-winged grebe), aquatic frogs such as those in the telmatobius genus and Orestias fish. Although the foothill and lower mountain rivers and streams are relatively rich in fish, only a few species are found in higher areas, and such are dominated by only a few catfish in the trichomycteridae genus. There are a few Zycandean crustacean, like the boeckella palustris and the branchinecta brushi, but the largest, the aeglids, can occur as high as 3,500 m (11,500 ft). In addition to pollution and habitat loss, smaller aquatic natives in the Zycannes are often threatened by introduced, non-native species.
Climate
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/d/d8/Dazman_Beach_-_Redrugus.jpg/220px-Dazman_Beach_-_Redrugus.jpg)
Great Morstaybishlia has a climate that varies. Most of Morstaybishlia is temperate, with plentiful rainfall all year round. The temperature varies with the seasons seldom dropping below −5 °C (23 °F) or rising to 42 °C (107.6 °F) in the north, and dropping below -15 °C (5 °F) or rising to 24 °C (75.2 °F) in the south. The southern regions of Valeria often has prevailing winds which bears frequent spells of mild and wet weather from the Azure Sea, although the northern parts are mostly sheltered from this wind since the majority of the rain falls over the southern regions and therefore the midland regions including the Sperran Desert are the driest. Packilvanian currents, warmed by the Oceanus Stream, bring mild winters; especially in the west where winters are dry. Summers are warmest in the north of Morstaybishlia being closest to the tropics but also in the several deserts within the rain shadow of the Zycannes, and coolest in the south. Heavy snowfall can occur more southerly in winter and early spring on high ground, and occasionally settles to great depth away from the hills.
In most of the Flizon Jungle and parts of the Jubrione, there is no dry season. The Flizon has an average precipitation value of at least 60 mm (2.4 in) per month whilst the Jubrione has around 304 mm (12 in) per month. Tropical rainforests and tropical evergreen rainforests have no summer or winter; it is typically hot and wet throughout the year and rainfall is both heavy and frequent and in the Jubrione very unpredictable. One day in these climates can be very similar to the next, while the change in temperature between day and night may be larger than the average change in temperature during the year. The Jubrione is considerably temperate, between 16 °C and 22 °C or 60.8 °F and 73 °F degrees. The northern Jubrione coast is the hottest, at an average of 23 °C. The Jubrione maintains annual humidity levels of 77%. The Flizon Jungle in Jusdelva maintains an average heat of 28 °C and annual humidity levels between 78% and 80%.
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/0/0f/The_Harsh_Winter_of_1943_in_South_Staynes.jpg/220px-The_Harsh_Winter_of_1943_in_South_Staynes.jpg)
The location of the Zycannes, as well as the great variations in their elevations and exposure, give rise to very large differences in climate, not only among separate ranges but also within a particular range itself. Because of their central location in Aurora, the Zycannes are affected by four main climatic influences: from the north and west flows the relatively mild, moist air of the Packilvanian; cool or cold polar air descends from southwestern Aurora; continental air masses, cold and dry in winter and hot in summer, dominate in the east; and, to the south, dry Azure air flows northward. The average temperature in the foothills of the Zycannes is around 13 °C to 18 °C.
The highest recorded temperature was during the 2018 summer in the Staynish interior when the mercury hit 47.5 °C (117.5 °F) in Iron Valley, Jersia Desert, whilst the lowest recorded was during the Great Freeze of 1943 (the most brutal winter Aurora had seen in over three centuries), where during the blizzard filled night of 26 June the temperature was recorded at -24 °C (-11.2 °F) over the town of Keltucka, Valeria.
Territories and dependencies
Great Morstaybishlia has sovereignty over seventeen territories which do not form part of the MBE itself: fifteen Morstaybishlian Overseas Territories and two Crown dependencies.
The nineteen Morstaybishlian Overseas Territories are remnants of the Morstaybishlian Empire: they are Andomi, Eskomia, Neptentia Islands, Detention Islands, Louzaria, Nevez Kaltariezh, the Seligeze Islands, Morstaybishlian Rotantic Territories, Joralesia, Rosamund Island, Dalmaghar, Buzela, Bolize, New Celidizia, Morstaybishlian Cerenerian Territories, Salisar, Balidar, Kystland and Saint Matilda. Collectively Morstaybishlia's overseas territories encompass an approximate land area of 828,243 square kilometers (319,786 sq mi), with a total population of 106.144 million. A 2001 MBE government white paper stated that: "[The] Overseas Territories are Morstaybishlian for as long as they wish to remain Morstaybishlian. Morstaybishlia has willingly granted independence where it has been requested; and we will continue to do so where this is an option." Self-determination is also enshrined in the constitutions of several overseas territories and three have specifically voted to remain under Morstaybishlian sovereignty (Buzela in 1996, Joralesia in 2001 and New Celidizia in 2010).
The Crown dependencies are possessions of the Crown, as opposed to overseas territories of the MBE. They comprise two independently administered jurisdictions: the Necraties Islands and Eskomia. By mutual agreement, the Morstaybishlian Government manages the islands' foreign affairs and defence and the Samming has the authority to legislate on their behalf. Internationally, they are regarded as "territories for which Great Morstaybishlia is responsible". The power to pass legislation affecting the islands ultimately rests with their own respective legislative assemblies, with the assent of the Crown. Since 2005 each Crown dependency has had a Lieutenant Governor as its head of government.
The Morstaybishlian dependencies all use the same currency as Great Morstaybishlia, the Kirib.
Politics
See also: Samming, Cabinet of Great Morstaybishlia, High Elderthane, List of high elderthanes of Great Morstaybishlia
The politics of Great Morstaybishlia take place in the framework of a unitary state under a constitutional monarchy. The monarch and head of state of Great Morstaybishlia is Lambertus VII. The monarch occupies a largely symbolic position with limited powers. In practice the monarch is limited to the following powers: receiving diplomats, signing laws without the power to veto them and signing treaties without the power to ratify them, and opening sessions of the legislature. The Constitution of Great Morstaybishlia is a supreme legal document that keeps checks and balances within government. Samming can perform "constitutional reform" simply by passing Act of Sammings, and thus has the political power to change or abolish almost any written element of the constitution. No Samming can pass laws that future Sammings cannot change.
A body of aristocrats and distinguished people, called the Privy Council, advises the monarch on the exercise of their duties with some committees such as the Cabinet, having taken over much of the work of ruling from the Crown.
Government
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/a/ae/Kalmington_Palace_2021.jpg/250px-Kalmington_Palace_2021.jpg)
The Morstaybishlian parliamentary government is based on the Kalmington system of some modern parliamentary constitutional monarchies, and that is emulated in some former colonies after 1917 and instated in 2 of the 4 nations in the Ethalns after the Auroran-Cerenerian War. The government is divided into two branches: an elected Folk's Hall and an appointed Lord's Hall. All bills passed are given Royal Assent before becoming law.
The position of high elderthane is the head of government of Great Morstaybishlia. The position belongs to the person most likely to command the confidence of the Folks; this individual is typically the leader of the political party or coalition of parties that holds the largest number of seats in that chamber. By convention, the monarch respects the high elderthane's decisions of government.
The cabinet is drawn from members of the high elderthane's party or coalition and mostly from the Folk's Hall but always from both legislative houses, the cabinet being responsible for both. The work is divided according to topics called portfolios occupied by Thanes of the Crown. Other executive officials may attend cabinet meetings but may not vote. Executive power is exercised by the high elderthane and cabinet, all of who are sworn into the Privy Council of Great Morstaybishlia, and become Thanes of the Crown. The current High Elderthane is Franklin Barvata who has held office since 23 September 2021. Barvata is also the leader of the Progress Party. For elections to the Folk's Hall, the MBE is divided into 1,794 constituencies, each electing a single Folkspart (FP) by simple plurality. General elections are called by the monarch when the high elderthane so advises. The Fixed-term Sammings Act 1946 required that a new election must be called no later than seven years after the previous general election.
The government is heavily centralised in Sani Bursil and handles matters such as defence, currency, trade, treaties, property rights, public health care, education, and land management. Territorial governments such as Louzaria and Joralesia are restricted to issues such as housing, water, power, sanitation and local roads. The national government has a large degree of control over their internal affairs.
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/a/a9/PMs_of_MBE_JUL2021.png/700px-PMs_of_MBE_JUL2021.png)
The Principles of Democracy Party, the Progress Party and the Civic Party have, in modern times, been the MBE's three major political parties, representing the Morstaybishlian traditions of conservatism, socialism and centrism, respectively. Most of the remaining seats were won by parties that contest elections only in one party of the MBE: Jusdelvic Unionist Party and Jusdelvic Independence Party (Jusdelva only); and the Marislian Independence Party (Marislia only). In accordance with party policy, no elected Marislian Independence Party folkspart have ever attended the Folk's Hall to speak on behalf of their constituents because of the requirement to take an oath of allegiance to the monarch.
History of constituencies
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/3/35/Provincial_map_of_Great_Morstaybishlia_2024_2nd_edition.png/550px-Provincial_map_of_Great_Morstaybishlia_2024_2nd_edition.png)
In 1917, Morstaybishlia converted from absolutism to parliamentary democracy and the first mention of constituencies were made. After the Great War, Morstaybishlia's territory looked very different; Axdel, and Emberwood Coast were apart of the empire as dominions, whilst the lands east of the Aberbish in Kaltariezh weren't. The Constituency Administration Committee were established to draw up the first constituency maps. The first iteration in 1917 had 1,214 constituencies and gave the Dominion of Axdel representation for the first time under the Morstaybishlian Empire with 170 seats. During the interwar period the constituencies remained unchanged until 1966 when Noroist Axdel gained independence and the land east of the Aberbish came back under control of Morstaybishlia. The Constituency Administration Committee was re-established and produced a second map that overhauled most of the work from the first, producing 1,742 constituencies. This remained until the Acts of Union of Great Morstaybishlia and Jusdelva which saw 52 new constituencies added to make the final iteration of 1,794.
Provinces
The history of local government in Great Morstaybishlia differs between Staynes, Kaltariezh, Valeria and Jusdelva, and the subnational divisions within these which have been called provinces have varied over time and by purpose. The province has formed the upper tier of local government over much of Great Morstaybishlia at one time or another, and has been used for a variety of other purposes, such as for Dukes, Lord Lieutenants, land registration and postal delivery.
Thirty four provinces of Staynes and thirty two provinces of Kaltairezh share the same borders as the pre-1917 dukedoms, and comprise of shires, realms and territories. The four coastal and two northernmost of the sixteen provinces of Valeria are the same, whilst the rest are modern realms. Judelva's provinces are all named after historic dukedoms, though they are all modern realms.
Law enforcement and crime
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Tribunal_Supremo%2C_Madrid.jpg/250px-Tribunal_Supremo%2C_Madrid.jpg)
Great Morstaybishlia does not have a single legal system as the 1515 Treaty of Union provided for the continuation of Kaltariezh's separate legal system. Today the MBE has three distinct systems of law: Staynish law, Kaltariz law and Valerian law. The Supreme Court of Great Morstaybishlia came into being in 1917 to replace the Royal Courts, which had been previously used since 1036. The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, including the same members as the Supreme Court, is the highest court of appeal for several independent Commonwealth countries, the Morstaybishlian Overseas Territories and the Crown Dependencies.
Both Staynish law, which applies in Staynes and Jusdelva, and Valerian law are based on common-law principles. The essence of common law is that, subject to statute, the law is developed by judges in courts, applying statute, precedent and common sense to the facts before them to give explanatory judgements of the relevant legal principles, which are reported and binding in future similar cases (stare decisis). The courts of Staynes and Jusdelva are headed by the Senior Courts of Staynes and Jusdelva, consisting of the Appeals Court, the Justice High Court (for civil cases) and the Royal Court (for criminal cases). The Supreme Court is the highest court in the land for both criminal and civil appeal cases in Staynes, Valeria and Jusdelva and any decision it makes is binding on every other court in the same jurisdiction, often having a persuasive effect in other jurisdictions.
In Staynes, Valeria and Jusdelva, The Court of Magistrates conduct trials. They are ranked according to the affairs and geographical area over which their jurisdiction extends. In order of least to highest, they are as follows: ward (or parish), borough (or shire), county (or district), then region (or province).
Kaltariz law is a hybrid system based on both common-law and civil-law principles. The chief courts are the Conclave, for civil cases, and the Jurat High Court, for criminal cases. The Supreme Court of Great Morstaybishlia serves as the highest court of appeal for civil cases under Kaltariz law. Sheriff courts deal with most civil and criminal cases including conducting criminal trials with a jury, known as sheriff solemn court, or with a sheriff and no jury, known as sheriff summary Court. The Kaltariz legal system is unique in having three possible verdicts for a criminal trial: "guilty", "not guilty" and "not proven". Both "not guilty" and "not proven" result in an acquittal.
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/7/7a/RPS_Calinton.jpg/230px-RPS_Calinton.jpg)
Each province possesses a police force under the authority of the provincial government. The national government controls law enforcement agencies that deal with particularly complex or multijurisdictional cases and provides support to province police. Some larger cities, such as Sani Bursil, Rouanezkador and Kirdintayos maintain their own police forces. Generally the law enforcement is disciplined and impartial. In recent years, more pressure has been put on policing in the MBE as staffing shortages have increased, which has led to breaches in security such as the Assassination of Prince Thadeus. As recently as 2016 this policing shortage has been called a national emergency.
Crime in Staynes, Valeria and Jusdelva increased in the period between 1976 and 1983, and then again between 1993 and 1997, though since that peak there has been an observed fall of 39 per cent in recorded crime from 1997 to 2007, according to crime statistics. However, as crimes have increased since 2016, the prison population of Great Morstaybishlia has increased to 2 million, giving the MBE the highest rate of incarceration in the southern hemisphere at 388 per 100,000. The Royal Prison Service (RPS), which reports to the Thaning of Justice, manages most of the prisons within metropolitan MBE, whilst the Jusdelva Prisons Committee (JPC) is independent. The murder rate in Great Morstaybishlia has increased in the second half of the 2010s with a murder rate around 3 per 100,000 which is double the peak in 2008, the highest year in that decade. Morstaybishlia's prisons are overcrowded and the prison population is increasing.
Although many nations have abolished capital punishment, it is sanctioned in the MBE for certain civilian and military crimes, though this excludes Jusdelva. Executions are not commonplace, thought to be due to long prison sentences, good education and supplementary social welfare programs. Since 2000, there have been 159 executions. In recent years the number of executions and presence of capital punishment statute on whole has trended down nationally.
Foreign Relations
Great Morstaybishlia has an established structure of foreign relations. The MBE has a seat on the International Forum Security Council. The MBE is a permanent member of the United Nations of the Auroran Continent, where Sani Bursil holds secondary and tertiary functions for the Auroran Parliament, Auroran Commission and Council of the UNAC. Historically, the Bank of Staynes issued the legal tender of the UNAC's predecessor, the Auroran Continental Assembly. Almost all countries have embassies in Sani Bursil or Rouanezkador, and many have consulates around the country. Likewise, nearly all nations host Morstaybishlian diplomatic missions.
Great Morstaybishlia observes close relationships with Axdel, The Oan Isles, Kurandia, and to a lesser extent Packilvania. As a member of the Intercontinental Regional Security Accords, the MBE works closely with its fellow members on military and security issues. The MBE heads the Morstaybishlian Economic Sphere and Morstaybishlian Commonwealth. It is a Permanent Invitee to the OFAC, and has Observer Status in the Alliance of Northwest Gondwana and the League of Novaris.
Morstaybishlia exerts a large global presence and influence is further amplified through its trading relations, foreign investments, official development assistance and military engagements. Historically, Rodenia was the MBE's closest ally in Arcturia, though this changed since Kirk Santon seized power.
Military
Main article: Royal Armed Forces of the Empire
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/4/41/Morstaybishlia%27s_5th_generation_air_superiority_fighter_jet.jpg/250px-Morstaybishlia%27s_5th_generation_air_superiority_fighter_jet.jpg)
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/4/44/MBS_Fortitude%2C_a_second-rate_ship_of_the_line.jpg/215px-MBS_Fortitude%2C_a_second-rate_ship_of_the_line.jpg)
The Royal Armed Forces of the Empire (RAFOTE), also known as His Majesty's Armed Forces (HM's Armed Forces) or the Morstaybishlian Armed Forces (MAF) form the military of the MBE and its Oversea Territories. They are made up of three branches: the Imperial Navy, Army and Air Force. The forces are managed by the Thaning of Defence and controlled by the Defence Council, chaired by the Elderthane for Defence; currently Andrew Chemlin. The Commander-in-Chief is the Morstaybishlian monarch, to whom members of the forces swear an oath of allegiance. The Armed Forces are charged with protecting Great Morstaybishlia and its overseas territories, promoting Great Morstaybishlia's global security interests and supporting international peacekeeping efforts. They are active and regular participants in the UNAC Defence Force. Overseas garrisons and facilities are maintained in Packilvania, Axdel, Lokania, as well as in Overseas Territories of Nevez Kaltariezh, Louzaria, Joralesia, the Rotantic Territories, Eskomia, the Cerenerian Territories, Detention Island, Rosamund Island, Dalmaghar, New Celidizia and Neptentia Island. The Morstaybishlian armed forces played a key role in establishing the Morstaybishlian Empire as the dominant world power in the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries. By emerging victorious from conflicts, Morstaybishlia has often been able to decisively influence world events. Since the comedown of the Morstaybishlian Empire, Great Morstaybishlia has remained a major military power.
The Imperial Navy controls three sub branches: the Imperial Marines (an amphibious infantry), the Imperial Coast Guard (a maritime law enforcement branch) and the Imperial Missile Force. The Army forms the land component. It controls another sub branch called the Gendarmerie, a paramilitary force, and the Redplate Guard. The Imperial Air Force forms the air branch and controls the air defence sub branch.
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/8/8c/AH-1_Viper.jpg/200px-AH-1_Viper.jpg)
The military has a total active manpower of 2.74 million soliders and a reserve manpower of 1.81 million soldiers. The Army has 1.3 million active soldiers in total. The Air Force has 720K airmen and women in total. The Navy has 798K sailors in total. The total budget of the armed forces, which amounted to 3.9% of GDP, was 603.6 billion KRB in 2022.
The main standard issue infantry rifle is the SK-AR4. The main marksmanship rifle given to special forces is the MR10. The primary air superiority fighter is the Vezra GE-55. The most used main battle tank is the Colonarius mk2. The primary multi purpose jet is the Vezra GE-35. The ground attack fighter is the Thunderbird II. The primary combat helicopter is the Mospher AH-1 Viper. The military intelligence has electronic reconnaissance capabilities.
The navy has 254 commissioned ships, which include submarines and auxiliary ships. The composition of the 254 commissioned ships include 14 air craft carriers (with three under construction, in development or planned); the navy also has two amphibious assault docks, 15 ballistic missile submarines (which maintains the MBE's nuclear superiority), 44 nuclear fleet submarines, 6 guided missile cruisers, 57 guided missile destroyers, 55 frigates, 25 patrol boats and 11 mine countermeasures, plus 27 ships of the Imperial Fleet Auxiliary (IFA); the IFA replenishes Imperial Navy warships at sea. Women and homosexuals are allowed to join the armed forces. They are trained in Krav Maga hand to hand combat.
Economy
Overview
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/5/56/900px-Kirib_symbol.png/180px-900px-Kirib_symbol.png)
Great Morstaybishlia has a partially regulated market economy. Based on market exchange rates, Great Morstaybishlia is today the largest economy in the world. HM Treasury, led by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, is responsible for developing and executing the government's public finance policy and economic policy. The Kirib, which is the legal tender, originated in Great Morstaybishlia. Historically, the Kirib was issued by the Bank of Staynes in Sani Bursil, Staynes, but is presently issued by the Auroran Central Bank in Tarov, Tivot, printed by the Staynish Bank Note Company and minted by the Royal Staynish Mint. The Bank of Staynes is the MBE's central bank and continues to act as a central bank in other respects such as regulating the banking sector, acting as a lender to banks and managing the nation's gold reserves. Great Morstaybishlia has gold reserves of 172 billion KRB. The Kirib is the world's second-largest reserve currency (after the SH Dollar). Since 1995 the Bank of Staynes' Monetary Policy Committee, headed by the Governor of the Bank of Staynes, has been responsible for setting interest rates at the level necessary to achieve the overall inflation target for the economy that is set by the Chancellor each year.
Great Morstaybishlia follows a free market model. Intellectual and physical property rights are respected. Businesses operate freely. There are some regulations to protect small businesses and poor households. Collective bargaining is legal. Overtime and leave days are guaranteed. There are laws to protect consumers from scams, unsafe products and excessive prices. There are taxes on the wealthy. There are some welfare programs to support the poor.
Great Morstaybishlia has a GDP of 15.47 trillion KRB. Great Morstaybishlia has a GDP per capita of 30 thousand KRB. The unemployment rate is at 6%, with the unemployment in Valeria at 9%. The inflation rate is at 2.1%. The growth rate is at 1.8%. the MBE remains the top destination in Aurora for foreign direct investment at 412,650 million. The total value of investments made by Great Morstaybishlia to other nations is 345,150 million KRB. The MBE government recorded a government debt equivalent to 97 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2017. Poverty is defined as people who are in relative low income (less than 60 per cent of the national median average, or 18,002 KRB). The poverty rate is 14.07%. The Gini coefficient is 0.36 points.
The agricultural industry makes up 3% of the economy. The biggest sectors are grain, meat and dairy. The manufacturing industry makes up 17% of the economy. The biggest sectors are transportation equipment, industrial machinery, petroleum and petroleum products, electrical machinery, office machines and data processing equipment, power-generating machinery, organic chemicals, precision instruments, and iron and steel. The mining industry makes up 4% of the economy. The biggest manufacturer of electronics in the world, Primrose Inc., originates from Fort Staynes in Great Morstaybishlia. The services sector makes up 52% of the economy. The biggest sectors are creative industries, education, health and social work, financial and business services, hotels and restaurants, public administration and defence, transport, storage and communication, wholesale and retail trade, real estate and renting activities and tourism. Great Morstaybishlia has the biggest financial sector in the world, Sani Bursil. The second largest bank in the world, LabiaTurtle Bank, originates from Great Morstaybishlia.
Great Morstaybishlia's biggest trade partners are Packilvania, Axdel, The Oan Isles, Norgsveldet, Free Pax States, New Leganes, Lovelia and Aivintis. The biggest export products are petroleum products, chemicals, weaponry, automobiles, agricultural foodstuff, beverages (such as Hobsti tea and Hobsti wine), clay and timber. The biggest import products are scientific apparatus, optic fibres, uranium, pharmaceuticals, gold and sanitary.
Science and technology
Great Morstaybishlia spent about 1.1% of its GDP (approximately ♅170 billion) on research and development in 2022, with the world's highest budget. It ranked first worldwide in the number of scientific publications in 2022, with roughly 8.2 million papers. Great Morstaybishlia is typically considered to produce high quality scientific research in a major 2020 survey of international scientists, and has made many integral scientific discoveries leading to hundreds of Fidal Prizes in physics, chemistry, and medicine, the most recent awarded to Dame Rosamund Rothgerus for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science.
Great Morstaybishlia is furthermore home to the headquarters of numberous global technology firms. It has one of the highest levels of access to the Internet in the world, with more than 494.7 million users, equivalent to around 95.9 percent of its total 2021 population.
Transport
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/2/24/MBE_bullet_train.jpg/250px-MBE_bullet_train.jpg)
The railway network of Morstaybishlia, which as of 2019 stretches 265,847 kilometres (165,190 mi) is the most extensive in Aurora. The rail network was privatised between 2005 and 2009, which was followed by a rapid rise in passenger numbers following years of decline, although the factors behind this are disputed. There's 3,945 kilometers (2,451 mi) of rail network in Jusdelva and railways in Jusdelva are operated by JV Railways, a subsidiary of state-owned TrainLink. High-speed trains include the Aurostar, the BURAET and Ethaline trains, which travels at 320 km/h (199 mph) in commercial use. Since privatization in 2005 to 2009, dozens of Staynish railway companies compete in regional and local passenger transportation markets. Some 300 high-speed bullet trains connect major cities and these trains are known for their safety and punctuality. Great Morstaybishlia also has the LOOP, a hyperlink trainline that connects across Aurora and is the largest continuous train line ever built.
The Aurostar runs all across Aurora; BURAET literally means Bursil to Aeternum and connects the two capitals whilst also travelling through other major conurbations. Rail connections exist to all other neighboring countries in Aurora, except Dragonia. Intra-urban connections are also well developed with both underground services (Sani Bursil, Redrugus, Kirdintayos, Rouanezkador, Lambertupol, Fort Jubrayn) and tramway services (Sani Bursil, Eskrador, Valeron, Imbazdu, Kasidura and others) complementing bus services.
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/a/a9/Morst_airplane.png/275px-Morst_airplane.png)
There are approximately 9,265,190 kilometres (5,757,122 mi) of serviceable roadway in Morstaybishlia, ranking it the most extensive network in the world. The Sani Bursil region is enveloped with the most dense network of roads and highways that connect it with virtually all parts of the country. Morstaybishlian roads also handle substantial international traffic, connecting with cities in neighboring North Ethalria, Drakaland, Sarentria, Tivot, Volova, Tuvaltastan, Valerica, Rosalica and Asilica. The MBE has an annual motoring taxation; however, most motorways are free to use. The new car market is dominated by domestic brands such as Audelli (18% of cars sold in Morstaybishlia in 2010), Kentora (17.5%) and Mambeck (15.2%). Over 65% of new cars sold in 2013 had diesel engines, far more than contained petrol or LPG engines.
There are 4,176 airports in Great Morstaybishlia. Fort Jubrayn Airport, located on the outskirts of Fort Jubrayn, is the largest and busiest airport in the country, handling the vast majority of popular and commercial traffic and connecting to virtually all major cities across the world. Morstaybishlian Air is the national carrier airline, although numerous private airline companies provide domestic and international travel services such as Jubrayn Airlines and Limhay Travel. Great Morstaybishlia handled a total of 1.256 billion passengers in 2018. There are twelve major ports in Great Morstaybishlia, the largest of which is in Fort Jubrayn and Rouanezkador, which also are the second and third-largest bordering the Morstaybishlian Sea behind Tarov. 110,349 kilometres (68,567 mi) of waterways traverse Morstaybishlia including the Anker River, which connects many of the interior Staynish cities to the West Sea, and the Jubliak River which connects Sani Bursil to the Morstaybishlian Sea.
Tourism
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/3/3a/Abingdon_Tower.png/200px-Abingdon_Tower.png)
In 2021, Morstaybishlia was one of the most visited countries in the world, recording 104 million tourists which marked the sixth consecutive year of record-beating numbers.
Morstaybishlia's geographic location, popular coastlines, diverse landscapes, historical legacy, vibrant cultures, and excellent infrastructure has made the country's international tourist industry among the largest in the world. The most visited city is Sani Bursil, with popular landmarks such as the Sani Bursil Royal Palace, Kalmington Palace (legislature) and Abingdon Tower. Syllester Abbey is the most visited landmark in the MBE outside of the capital.
Energy
In 2014, Great Morstaybishlia was the world's second-largest consumer of energy and the largest producer. The MBE is home to a number of large energy companies, including one oil and gas "supermajor" – Embask. In 2018, 37 per cent of the MBE's electricity was produced by gas, 35 per cent by nuclear power, 20 per cent by coal and 8 per cent by wind, hydro, biofuels and wastes.
Morstaybishlia produces a surplus of nuclear power for its own energy usage. Thus, the MBE produced about 25 percent of the UNAC's electricity. The MBE is set to reduce its carbon dioxide emissions by investing in hydroelectric dams, to be constructed between the mid to late 2020s and early 2030s.
Water supply and sanitation
Access to improved water supply and sanitation in the MBE is universal. It is estimated that 97.1 per cent of households are connected to the sewer network. According to the Government Agency for the Environment (GAE), total water abstraction for public water supply in the MBE was 126,750 megalitres per day in 2009. Drinking water standards and wastewater discharge standards in the MBE are formerly determined by the UNAC.
In metropolitan MBE, water and sewerage services are provided by 37 private regional water and sewerage companies and 29 mostly smaller private "water only" companies. In Jusdelva water and sewerage services are provided by a single public company, Jusdelva Water.
Demographics
Great Morstaybishlia held a population census in May 2021 and recorded 515,889,582 people, making it the second most populous country in the world behind Packilvania. It has an urban population of 437,990,255 (83.90%), of which 179,576,005 (41%) is urban cities and 187,897,819 (42.9%) is urban towns. Barkoln is the most populous province, as the mean centre of Great Morstaybishlia's population has consistently shifted to the Cradle of Aurora. Sani Bursil is the most populous city, followed by Rouanezkador and Kirdintayos. Great Morstaybishlia has a rural population of 83,058,222 (16.10%).
The total fertility rate in Great Morstaybishlia estimated for 2020 is 2.4 children per woman, which is above the replacement fertility rate of approximately 2.1. The Great Morstaybishlia Census Bureau shows a population increase of 3% for the twelve-month period ending in September 2014. This is considerably high by industrialised country standards, being above the world average annual rate of 1.1%.
There were about 274.16 million females in Great Morstaybishlia in 2020. The number of men was 205.4 million. At age 85 and older, there were almost twice as many women as men (6.1 million vs. 3.3 million). People under 21 years of age made up over 101.66 million of the MBE's population (27.2%), and people age 65 and over made up 69.53 million (14.5%). The national median age was 38.2 years in 2020.
Whites constitute the majority of Great Morstaybishlia's population, with a total of 438.94 million or 91.53% of the population as of 2020. Non-Ethal or Non-Kostuv whites make up 76% of the country's population. Despite major changes due to immigration since the 1950s, and the higher birth-rates of nonwhites, the overall current majority of Morstaybishlian citizens are still white, and Staynish-speaking, though regional differences exist.
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/e/ec/MBE_population_density_by_province.png/600px-MBE_population_density_by_province.png)
The Morstaybishlian population almost quadroupled during the 20th century—at a growth rate of about (?)% a year—from about 90.2 million in 1900 to 381 million in 2000. It reached the 300 million mark in 1978, and the 400 million mark on the 26th of May 2007. According to the Census Bureau's estimation for 2015, 29.7% of Morstaybishlian children under the age of 1 belonged to minority groups.
Other Aurorans accounted for 24% of the national population growth of 4 million between the 1st of September 2011, and the 1st of September 2012.
The Census Bureau projects a MBE population of 500 million in 2025, a (?)% increase from (?) ((?) million).
The average population density of Great Morstaybishlia is 81 people per square kilometer. On average, Jusdelva and Valeria are the densest constituent countries with 102.99 and 98.13 people per square kilometer respectively. On the other end of the spectrum Kaltariezh and Staynes are less dense with 80.61 and 69.12 people per square kilometer. The Sani Bursil metropolitan area is the densest region of the MBE with 9,859.37 people per square kilometer and the province of Jubrionas is the sparsest with 6.87 people per square kilometer. Six of the top ten largest provinces by population density are from Valeria, including Kladnes, which has a population density of 655.77 people per square kilometer and Kalidest, which has a population density of 645.46 people per square kilometer; the latter is where the capital Kirdintayos of Valeria is. Jusdelva observes the most even spread of population density by province, the densest province is Isekaiou with 534.51 people per square kilometer and the sparsest is the Western Outliers with 73.36 people per square kilometer.
Ethnic groups
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/4/4b/Berowalt_Penn.jpg/250px-Berowalt_Penn.jpg)
Historically, indigenous Morstaybishlian people were thought to be descended from the various ethnic groups that settled around the north coast of Aurora around 40 to 50 thousand BC: the Jubrites, Maltites and Kosites, who are thought to be the direct descendants of the Strathepolic people and the oldest ethnic group in the Aurora. A 2012 genetic study shows that more than 35% of the Morstaybishlian gene pool contains Salovian Y and Ethalrian Y chromosomes. Another 2015 genetic analysis indicates that "about 73% of the traceable ancestors of the modern Staynish population had arrived in the Staynish lands by about 10 thousand years ago, at the start of the Maltervenian Neolithic or Stone Age", and that the Staynish broadly share a common ancestry with the Axdelian people. A separate study conducted in Valeria found that only 30% of the gene pool contains the broad plethora of Morstaybishlian genes, with the rest coming from either West or East Aurora. Valeria was one of the last areas on Aurora to be truly inhabited by humans as the Zycannes prevented the immediate habitation and thus the descendants from the Kosites who traveled eastward eventually migrated to the Southern-Central Auroran coast and more specifically Valeria.
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/3/32/A_Morst_bride_and_groom.jpeg/250px-A_Morst_bride_and_groom.jpeg)
Jusdelva sits on the remaining land area of the Strathepolic archipelago and it is believed that over 90% of Auroran's ancestry originate here. A large land bridge extending from west-Jusdelva to Bai Lung and then to the Staynish-Kaltariz border became the premier travelway of the two continents after the early submerging of a land bridge from Peregrinia through the Morstaybishlian Cerenerian Territories and the Oan Isles connecting to the easternmost Auroran coastline. The Strathepolic people mainly lived in and around the northern Strathepolic ridge but migrated southwards during its erosion to strong Cerenerian currents. A study found that Jussie genes are closely comparable of those genes thought to be pure-Morstaybishlian.
Since the mid to late 19th century and the early 20th century substantial immigration from the Gordic Council and the Kuthern Commonwealth, the Caliphate, and Overseas Territories has been a legacy of ties forged by the Morstaybishlian Empire. Migration from UNAC (formerly ACA) member states in Western and Eastern Aurora since 2017 has resulted in growth in these population groups, although some of this migration has been temporary. Since the 2000s, there has been substantial diversification of the immigrant population, with migrants to the MBE coming from a much wider range of countries than previous waves, which tended to involve larger numbers of migrants coming from a relatively small number of countries.
Ethnic diversity varies significantly across Great Morstaybishlia. Just over 26% (11 million) of Sani Bursil's population and 25% of Aternum's was estimated to be non-white in 2017, whereas less than 5% of the populations of western-Kaltariezh, north Valeria and central Staynes were from ethnic minorities, according to the 2017 census. In 2016, 28.8% of primary and 26.4% of secondary pupils at state schools in Staynes were members of an ethnic minority. The 1997 census was the first MBE census to have a question on ethnic group. In the 1997 MBE census 92.8% of people reported themselves as being White Morstaybishlian or White Other with 7.2% of people reporting themselves as coming from other minority groups.
During the early 20th century at the outbreak of the Great War, Packilvanian migrants came in waves amounting up to nearly five million. After the war, Ethalrian and Salovian migrants numbered nearly 920,000. Staynes has had small Ulvriktru community for many centuries, subject to occasional expulsions, but Staynish Ulvriktru's numbered fewer than 16,000 at the end of the 1910s. During the early-mid 20th century, due to the uncertain political situation and strong support for independence in Axdel, then a Dominion of the Empire, nearly two million people migrated to the fatherland, most being humans. After the Auroran-Imperial War, there was significant immigration from the colonies and newly independent former colonies, many from Lokania and independent Valeria, partly as a legacy of empire and partly driven by labour shortages.
Major cities
Great Morstaybishlia is a highly urbanised country, with its top ten largest cities (in terms of metropolitan area population in 2021) being Bursil (17,450,424), Rouanezkador (12,771,347), Celidizia (9,615,493), Kirdintayos (8,968,446), Lambertupol (6,712,896), Verhana (6,530,211), Gersega (5,632,889), Valeron (5,121,347), Redrugus (4,618,192) and Fort Jubrayn (4,568,118). Rural flight was a perennial political issue throughout most of the 20th century.
Largest cities or towns in Great Morstaybishlia
2021 census | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | Name | Province | Pop. | Rank | Name | Province | Pop. | ||
![]() Bursil ![]() Rouanezkador |
1 | Bursil | Barkoln | 17,450,424 | 11 | Imbazdu | Tissany | 4,321,499 | ![]() Celidizia ![]() Kirdintayos |
2 | Rouanezkador | Dovia | 12,771,347 | 12 | Fort Vitaryn | Jubliak | 4,176,140 | ||
3 | Celidizia | Barkoln | 9,615,493 | 13 | Kasidura | Corstania | 4,103,106 | ||
4 | Kirdintayos | Kalidest | 8,968,446 | 14 | Warladnes | Surbila | 3,968,861 | ||
5 | Lambertupol | Laulia | 6,712,896 | 15 | Nahiron | Montepul | 3,896,419 | ||
6 | Verhana | Barkoln | 6,530,211 | 16 | Tuvaria | Tissany | 3,862,102 | ||
7 | Gersega | Barkoln | 5,632,889 | 17 | Eskrador | Langamere | 3,818,912 | ||
8 | Valeron | Tissany | 5,121,347 | 18 | Aurus | Auria | 2,951,117 | ||
9 | Redrugus | Redrugan | 4,618,192 | 19 | Kovaro | Montepul | 2,671,918 | ||
10 | Fort Jubrayn | Jubliak | 4,568,118 | 20 | Jersia City | Jersia | 2,649,287 |
Languages
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/f/f1/Staynish_Alphabet.jpg/220px-Staynish_Alphabet.jpg)
Great Morstaybishlia's de facto official language is Staynish and Kalt. As a first language, it is estimated that 90.7 percent of the MBE's population speak Staynish, whilst 3.5 percent speak Ethalrian, 3 percent speak Kalt, 0.7 percent speaks Horkalic, 0.7 percent speaks Salovian, 0.3 percent speak Axdelian and 1.1 percent speak other languages as a first language.
4 percent of the population are estimated to speak languages brought to the MBE as a result of relatively recent immigration. Cerenerian and Yasterian languages, including Packilvanian among others, are the largest grouping and are spoken by 2.5 percent of the MBE population. According to the 2017 census, Ethalrian is the largest non-Morstaybishlian-Auroran language spoken in Morstaybishlia and has 14.3 million speakers.
There are two recognized regional languages spoken across Great Morstaybishlia: Axdelian and Jusdelviz. They are recognized as regional or minority languages, by the United Nations of the Auroran Continent, under the Auroran Charter for Regional or Minority Languages and the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. As it is a UNAC member state, this therefore obliges the Great Morstaybishlian government to provide them specific measures of protection and promotion.
In the 2017 Census over a forth (25.6%) of the population of the Province of Horkalo said they could speak Horkalic, an increase from the 2007 Census (23%). In addition it is estimated that about 200,000 Horkalese speakers live elsewhere in Staynes. Over 492,000 people in Jusdelva (just 3% of the population) had varying Reoa language ability, including 66% of those living on the eastern islands. The number of schoolchildren being taught through minority languages are increasing.
It is compulsory for Staynish and Kaltariz pupils to study the Staynish and Kalt languages up to the age of 16 in their respective countries, whilst only Staynish is taught in Valeria and Jusdelvic is taught with Staynish in Jusdelva. During Sixth Form is it optional to learn a foreign language, Kostuvian and Axdelian are the two most commonly taught foreign languages in Staynes and Kaltariezh.
Religion
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/0/0e/Syllester_Abbey%2C_Redrugus.jpg/250px-Syllester_Abbey%2C_Redrugus.jpg)
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/d/d8/Thaerism_necklace_of_faith.jpg/150px-Thaerism_necklace_of_faith.jpg)
Thaerism has dominated religious life in what is now Great Morstaybishlia for over 1200 years. Although a majority of citizens still identify with Thaerism in many surveys, regular temple attendance has fallen dramatically since the late 19th century, while immigration and demographic change have contributed to the growth of other faiths, most notably Paxism. This has led some commentators to variously describe Great Morstaybishlia as a multi-faith or secularised.
In the 2019 census 65.2 per cent of all respondents indicated that they were Thaerists, with the next largest faiths being Paxism (4 per cent), Akronism (3.2 per cent), Varism (0.6 per cent), Ulvriktru (0.3 per cent), Ademarism (0.2 per cent) and all other religions (0.3 per cent). 20.8 per cent of respondents stated that they had no religion, with a further 5.4 per cent not stating a religious preference. Vaerism holds a religious stronghold in the Nocturne province of Kaltariezh with over 87% of Morstaybishlians practicing Vaerism living there.
The state recognises religious organisations according to formal legal criteria that do not address religious doctrine. Conversely, religious organisations are expected to refrain from intervening in policy-making. Certain groups are considered cults and therefore do not have the same status as recognised religions in Great Morstaybishlia. Cults are considered a pejorative term in Great Morstaybishlia.
Education
Education in Great Morstaybishlia is a devolved matter, with each country having a separate education system.
Considering the four systems together, about 40 per cent of Great Morstaybishlia's population has a university or college degree, which is the highest percentage in Aurora, and among the highest percentages in the world. Great Morstaybishlia trails only to South Hills in terms of representation on lists of top 100 universities.
A government commission's report in 2014 found that privately educated people comprise 8% of the general population of the MBE but much larger percentages of the top professions, the most extreme case quoted being 70% of senior judges.
In Staynes, Kaltariezh and Valeria, it is compulsory for all primary and secondary schools to have a uniform, whilst in Jusdelva most schools do not have a compulsory uniform policy in place. A school uniform typically consists of a blazer in the school colours or a white shirt or blouse; a tie, trousers or skirt in a black, grey, or blue and black shoes. It could also be a shirt, sweater, and tie or a polo shirt and a sweatshirt.
Healthcare
Healthcare in Great Morstaybishlia is a devolved matter and each country has its own system of private and publicly funded health care, together with alternative, holistic and complementary treatments. Public healthcare is provided to all MBE permanent residents and is mostly free at the point of need, being paid for from general taxation. The UNAC, in 2019, ranked the provision of healthcare in Great Morstaybishlia as 3rd in Aurora and 12th in the world. Since 1975 expenditure on healthcare has been increased significantly to bring it closer to the highest world standards. The MBE spends around 7 per cent of its gross domestic product on healthcare, which is about one and a half percentage points lower than the average of the United Nations of the Auroran Continent.
Regulatory bodies are organised on a MBE-wide basis such as the General Medical Council, the Nursing and Midwifery Council and non-governmental-based, such as the Royal Colleges. However, political and operational responsibility for healthcare lies with four national executives; healthcare in Staynes and Kaltariezh is the responsibility of the Morstaybishlian Government; healthcare in Valeria is the responsibility of the South Staynish Assembly, and healthcare in Jusdelva is the responsibility of the Jusdelvic Assembly.
Culture
The culture of Great Morstaybishlia has been influenced by many factors including: the nation's Auroran status; its history as a western liberal democracy and as a superpower; as well as being a political union of four countries with each preserving elements of distinctive traditions, customs and symbolism. As a result of the Morstaybishlian Empire, Morstaybishlian influence can be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former and current colonies including Louzaria, Nevez Kaltariezh, Axdel, Joralesia, Atiland, Lokania, Rodenia and parts of Free Pax States and The Oan Isles. The substantial cultural influence of Great Morstaybishlia has led it to be described as a "cultural superpower". A global opinion poll for the MBC saw Great Morstaybishlia ranked the third most positively viewed nation in the world (behind West Cerdani and East Malaysia) in 2014 and 2015.
Freedoms and rights
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/2/25/Woman%27s_rights_march_1920s_MBE.jpg/200px-Woman%27s_rights_march_1920s_MBE.jpg)
Great Morstaybishlia has been considered a progressive country, having adopted legislation in the past one hundred years which have encouraged and supported women's rights, minority rights, species rights and LGBTQ rights. Women began campaigning for their right to vote after the first general election in 1917 as they were disallowed, later succeeding with legislation in 1925 and 1931. The Woman's Rights League, formed in 1917, also successfully campaigned for women's right to education, the right to work, and other gender equality policies. Voting ages for both genders have decreased since 1917. It was originally 30 for when only men were allowed the vote, later lowered in 1931 to 25 for both genders. In 1940 it was lowered again to 20, and then lowered to 18 in 1982, which continues to this day. Campaigning for species suffrage first took off in the 1960s, and by 1978 had equal voting rights to humans.
In 2007, Morstaybishlian law was amended to grant absolute primogeniture to the Morstaybishlian throne, meaning that the eldest child, regardless of gender, takes precedence in the line of succession. This means that for those born before the year 2007 it shall be the case that a male shall take precedence over a female; although this does not change the current setup which sees Princess Rosamund as the heir apparent.
In regard to LGBTQ rights, Morstaybishlia enacted an anti-discrimination law protecting the rights of gays and lesbians in 1985. In 1989, under the same government, Morstaybishlia legalised civil union partnerships for same-sex couples under the Civil Partnership Act 1989. In 2008 Morstaybishlia legalised same-sex marriage, and in 2015 legalised inter-species marriage and civil unions.
Literature
The earliest Morstaybishlian literature dates from the early Middle Ages during the Second Interregnum Period, when what is now known as modern Staynes did not have a single, uniform language. There was several languages and dialects, and writers used their own spelling and grammar. During the Middle Staynish language period, most literature was written in the same language except for splinter dialects in what is now Horkalo and Valeria.
Much medieval Staynish poetry and literature were inspired by the legends of Pip the Gallant and his predecessors in the Kingdom of Staynnica. Other medieval poetry and literature hailing from Kaltariezh depicts the legendary Colonarius and other historical military figures.
After the printing press was introduced in Kaltariezh and later Staynes in 1475, vernacular literature flourished. During this period, theatrical playwrights portrayed romances, tragedies, comedies and histories became very common. Morstaybishlian literature and poetry flourished even more in the 18th and 19th centuries where things like arts, sciences, languages and philosophy were very popular as well as children's fairy tales becoming widespread. The age of reason bought with it a rational and scientific approach to religious, social, political and economic issues that promoted a secular view of the world and a general sense of progress and perfectibility. Led by the philosophers who were inspired by the discoveries of the previous century they sought to discover and to act upon universally valid principles governing humanity, nature, and society. They variously attacked spiritual and scientific authority, dogmatism, intolerance, censorship, and economic and social restraints. They considered the state the proper and rational instrument of progress. The extreme rationalism and skepticism of the age led naturally to deism and also played a part in bringing the later reaction of romanticism.
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/4/41/Riannius_Belver.jpg/175px-Riannius_Belver.jpg)
The Romantic period was one of major social change in Staynes (at the time included Valeria) and Kaltariezh, because of the depopulation of the countryside and the rapid development of overcrowded industrial cities, that took place in the period roughly between 1750 and 1850. The movement of so many people in Staynes and Kaltariezh was the result of two forces: the Agricultural Revolution, that involved the Enclosure of the land, drove workers off the land, and the Industrial Revolution which provided them employment. Romanticism may be seen in part as a reaction to the Industrial Revolution, though it was also a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment, as well a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature.
During the reigns of Florence II, Frederick III and Rosamund II (1810-1897) the novel became the leading literary genre in Staynish. Women played an important part in this rising popularity both as authors and as readers. Satirical novels and plays were very common. Poetry of this era was heavily influenced by the romantics, but also went off in its own directions. Particularly notable was the development of dramatic monologue, a form used by many poets in this period. Drama changed in this period with a profusion on Bursil stage of farces, musical burlesques, extravaganzas and comic operas.
Morstaybishlian literary modernism developed in the early twentieth-century out of a general sense of disillusionment with previous attitudes of certainty, conservatism and belief in the idea of objective truth. Fine writers still existed into this period.
The modernist movement continued through the 1920s, 1930s and beyond. An important development, beginning in the 1930s and 1940s was a tradition of working class novels actually written by working-class background writers. Post-modernism started in the late 1940s and early 1950s which is a continuation of the experimentation championed by writers of the modernist period (relying heavily, for example, on fragmentation, paradox, questionable narrators, etc.) and a reaction against Enlightenment ideas implicit in Modernist literature. Postmodern literature, like postmodernism as a whole, is difficult to define and there is little agreement on the exact characteristics, scope, and importance of postmodern literature.
Many works published in the twentieth-century were examples of genre fiction. This designation includes the crime novels, spy novel, historical romance, fantasy, graphic novel and science fiction.
Architecture
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Batak_Toba_House.jpg/200px-Batak_Toba_House.jpg)
On continental Auroran, the architecture of Great Morstaybishlia has a long, rich and diverse history. Every major Auroran style from Maltervenic to Postmodern is represented, including renowned examples of Maltesque, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Classical, Modern and International Style architecture.
Jusdelva deviates the most from this theme; it has a wide array of modern colonial architecture and themes of pre-colonial vernacular architecture. The houses are at the centre of a web of customs, taboos, traditional laws, social relations, myths and religions that bind communities together. Pre colonial houses would have provided the main focus for the family and its community, and is the point of departure for many activities of its residents. Villagers build their own homes, or a community will pool their resources for a structure built under the direction of a master builder or carpenter.
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/0/0a/Hamasin%27s_wall_near_Montinay.jpg/200px-Hamasin%27s_wall_near_Montinay.jpg)
Throughout history, large swathes of land separate Great Morstaybishlia into different kingdoms and provinces, causing great regional diversity and favoured vernacular architecture. This made for a heterogeneous and diverse architectural style, with architecture differing from town to town. While this diversity may still be witnessed in small towns, the devastation of architectural heritage in the larger cities of some regions during the Great War and Auroran Imperial War resulted in extensive rebuilding characterised by simple modernist architecture.
For over several thousand years, the Maltervenic Empire in its largest extent encompassed most of modern Staynes, and thus its architecture holds great significance today. In addition to border fortifications such as walls, forts and military camps, the Maltites also built thermae, bridges, and amphitheatres. One of the more famous examples of Maltervenian architecture is Hamasin's Wall, a several-hundred kilometer long wall that extends within the Molvian Corridor from the Montinay, at the West Sea to Mount Molvia.
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/c/c8/Auditorium_of_Nurban_University.jpg/200px-Auditorium_of_Nurban_University.jpg)
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/0/02/Visteue_Royal_House.jpg/200px-Visteue_Royal_House.jpg)
The Maltesque period, from the 10th to the early 13th century, is characterised by semi-circular arches, robust appearance, small paired windows, and groin vaults.
Gothic architecture flourished during the high and late medieval period. It evolved from Maltesque architecture. The first Gothic buildings in Morstaybishlia were built from about 1240, for example Syllester Abbey (c. 1260), which is the most important early Gothic cathedrals in Morstaybishlia and falls into the architectural tradition of the Auroran Gothic.
Renaissance architecture belongs to the period between the early 14th and early 16th centuries in different parts of Aurora and the world, when there was a conscious revival and development of certain elements of ancient Maltervenian thought and culture. In the Staynish provinces of Redrugan, Surbila and Hyridia there are numerous castles and manor houses that made up the Western Style.
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/f/f6/Terminal_One_at_Sani_Bursil_Capital_Airport.jpg/200px-Terminal_One_at_Sani_Bursil_Capital_Airport.jpg)
Baroque architecture began in the early 17th century, reinventing the humanist vocabulary of Renaissance architecture in a new rhetorical, theatrical, sculptural fashion, expressing the triumph of absolutist church and state. Whereas the Renaissance drew on the wealth and power of the courts, and was a blend of secular and religious forces, the Baroque directly linked to the Counter-Reformation, a movement within the Thaerist Church to reform itself in response to the Vaerist Reformation in the south of the continent.
Classicism arrived in Morstaybishlia in the second half of the 18th century. It drew inspiration from the classical architecture of antiquity and was a reaction against the Baroque style, in both architecture and landscape design.
The distinctive character of modern architecture is the elimination of unnecessary ornament from a building and faithfulness to its structure and function. It developed early in the 20th century and adopted by many influential architects and architectural educators. Although few "modern buildings" were built in the first two thirds of the 20th century, after the Auroran Imperial War it became the dominant architectural style for institutional and corporate buildings for four decades. Almost all skyscrapers are modernist, with some such examples as the Damehowe and Primrose Inc. headquarter buildings.
Music
Throughout its history, Great Morstaybishlia has been a major producer and source of musical creation, drawing its artistic basis from the wealth of music from many cultures across the four constituent countries.
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/6/6d/Lyre_as_depicted_in_ancient_Valeria.jpg/250px-Lyre_as_depicted_in_ancient_Valeria.jpg)
Researchers have discovered archaeological evidence of musical instruments in many parts of Morstaybishlia. Some artifacts have been dated to 55,000 years old,
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/e/e2/12_Hole_Ocarina.jpg/150px-12_Hole_Ocarina.jpg)
such as a Valerian flute made from an animal bone which was dated between 35,000 and 40,000 years old, while critics often dispute the findings. Consensus solidifying about artifacts dated back to around 27,000 years old and later. Artifacts made from durable materials, or constructed using durable methods, have been found to survive.
Images of musical instruments begin to appear in Valerian artifacts in 3500 BC or earlier. Beginning around 3000 BC, Valerian (elven) culture began delineating two distinct classes of musical instruments due to division of labour and the evolving class system. Popular instruments, simple and playable by anyone, evolved differently from professional instruments whose development focused on effectiveness and skill. Only few examples from these time periods have been recovered. Even the process of assigning names to these instruments is challenging since there is no clear distinction among various instruments and the words used to describe them. Although Valerian artists mainly depicted ceremonial instruments, historians have distinguished that wind-based and string-based instruments were prominent in earlier Valerian society, creating bow harps, harps and lyres, as well as bone flutes.
During the period of time loosely referred to as the Middle Ages, Staynes and Kaltariezh developed their own traditions of integrating musical influence from other regions. The first record of this type of influence is in 401 CE, when Staynes (then the second Maltervenian Empire) established an orchestra in its royal court after a conquest in the Kingdom of Corstania. Influences from other Auroran cultures, as well as Cerenerian, Arcturian, and other regions followed. In fact, early northern Auroran musical tradition attributes many musical instruments from this period to those regions. Pianos became widely popular after its invention in Ethalria, along with more advanced trumpets, clarinets, flutes, drums, lutes, oboes and cymbals.
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/The_Duet_c1635_by_Saftleven.jpg/250px-The_Duet_c1635_by_Saftleven.jpg)
Morstaybishlia had a large impact in musical instrument development from the 15th century onwards. Instruments took on other purposes than accompanying singing or dance, and performers used them as solo instruments, especially in the upper echelons of society. Keyboards and lutes developed as polyphonic instruments, and composers arranged increasingly complicated pieces using advances in tablature techniques. Composers also began designing pieces of music for specific instruments. In the latter half of the sixteenth century, orchestration came into common practice as a method of writing music for a variety of instruments. Composers now specified orchestration where individual performers once applied their own discretion. The polyphonic style dominated popular music, and the instrument makers responded accordingly. During this time, Morstaybishlian instrument builders developed features that would endure today. For example, while organs with multiple keyboards and pedals already existed, the first organs with solo stops emerged in the early fifteenth century. These stops were meant to produce a mixture of timbres, a development needed for the complexity of music of the time.
Beginning in the seventeenth century, composers began writing works to a higher emotional degree. Bowed instruments such as the violin, viola, baryton, and various lutes dominated popular music. Beginning in around 1755, however, the lute disappeared from musical compositions in favor of the rising popularity of the guitar. As the prevalence of string orchestras rose, wind instruments such as the flute, oboe, and bassoon were readmitted to counteract the monotony of hearing only strings. This period saw the slide trumpet invented in Staynes.
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/E-mu_Modular_System_%40_Cantos_%28trapezoid_transformed%29.jpg/200px-E-mu_Modular_System_%40_Cantos_%28trapezoid_transformed%29.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Bee_Gees_Midnight_Special_1973.jpg/200px-Bee_Gees_Midnight_Special_1973.jpg)
During the Classical and Romantic periods of music, lasting from roughly 1750 to 1900, many musical instruments capable of producing new timbres and higher volume were developed and introduced into popular music. The design changes that broadened the quality of timbres allowed instruments to produce a wider variety of expression. Large orchestras rose in popularity and, in parallel, the composers determined to produce entire orchestral scores that made use of the expressive abilities of modern instruments. New instruments such as the clarinet, saxophone, and tuba became fixtures in orchestras.
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/2/20/Morst_folk_band.jpg/250px-Morst_folk_band.jpg)
The proliferation of electricity in the 20th century lead to the creation of an entirely new category of musical instruments: electronic instruments, or electrophones. The latter half of the 20th century saw the evolution of synthesizers and adoption of samplers.
Each of the four countries of Great Morstaybishlia has its own diverse and distinctive folk music forms. Folk music has existed here since antiquity, and flourished until the era of industrialisation when it began to be replaced by new forms of popular music, including music hall and brass bands. Realisation of this led to academics and amateur scholars taking note of the musical traditions being lost, and over three waves, one in the late-19th century, one in the mid-20th century and one at the start of the 21st century; initiated various efforts to preserve the music of the people. The most notable effort involved was the collection of the texts of over three hundred ballads in the Staynish and Kalt traditions, by Alemin Thompson-Fisher (called the Thompson-Fisher Ballads), some of which predate the 15th century. Valerian folklore, which had been a lifeline to their pre-Morstaybishlian kingdom before the 13th century, was widely lost in the industrial revolution, though scholars and amateur scholars preserved many of the vanishing ballads and folk dance songs. Valerian folklore has a revivalist movement which began in the mid 20th century. Overall, folk music as an important sub-culture within Morstaybishlian society.
Forms of popular music, including folk music, jazz, rapping/hip hop, pop and rock music, have particularly flourished in Great Morstaybishlia since the twentieth century. Morstaybishlia has had a large influence on popular music due to its size, and due to its linguistic and cultural links with many countries, particularly Peregrinia and Emberwood Coast and many of its former colonies, and its capacity for invention, innovation and fusion, which has led to the development of, or participation in, many of the major trends in popular music. In the early-20th century, influences from the Free Pax States became most dominant in popular music, with young performers producing their own versions of Cerenerian music, including rock n' roll from the late 1950s and developing a parallel music scene. This is particularly true since the early 1960s when the Morstaybishlian Invasion, led by The Swallows, helped to secure Morst performers a major place in development of pop and rock music. Since then, rock music and popular music contributed to a Morst-SEY collaboration, with genres being exchanged and exported to one another, where they tended to be adapted and turned into new movements, only to be exported back again. Genres originating in or radically developed by Morstaybishlian musicians include blues rock, heavy metal, progressive rock, ska, hard rock, punk rock, Bhangra, Morst folk rock, folk punk, acid jazz, trip hop, shoegaze, drum and bass, goth rock, grime, gondoswing, industrial and dubstep.
Fashion and clothing
Dress norms in Great Morstaybishlia are generally consistent with those of post-industrial nations and have become largely informal since the mid-20th century. Clothing in Great Morstaybishlia also depends on a variety of factors including location, venue, and demographic factors such as ethnicity. Jeans are a consistent fashion trend among all classes, with variations being vast in both price and style.
Conspicuous consumption and a desire for quality has led to a strong preference for designer label clothing among many in the middle and upper classes. The tolerance of body expression that deviates from the mainstream, such as complete body tattoos or nudism, is strongly linked to the sub-culture and location in which an individual may find themselves. The tolerance shown for personal expression such as cross-dressing and piercings varies greatly with location and sub-culture, and may be completely appropriate in one venue while being taboo in another.
Cities such as Sani Bursil, Kasidura, Aurus, Credita, Khaeron and Aegis are known for their fashion and cosmetics markets. Smaller, but nonetheless prominent fashion destinations are Montinay, Sperry, Rosamundport, Springsfire, Cavenhelm, Kingsfort, Mathens and Burkash.
Particular regions and cities are known for their specialties, such as Aurus for casual attire and womenswear, Credita and the general north coast for eco-conscious fashion, Kasidura for formal menswear and Montinay for their swimwear. Sani Bursil is known for a variety of fashion categories and is the premier fashion destination in the Morstaybishlian market. Sandals, thinner and airier fabrics and lighter colour and pastels are found more commonly in the north where it is hotter and more humid. Fast-fashion and cosmetics industries have cropped up in many of the more highly urban cities.
Bucket hats are a common summers item, whilst cardigans are common in winter. Besides the south coast, winters are mild and as such thicker and warmer clothes are not as prevalent. Flat caps, wellington boots and silk tweeds, among others, are found across the countryside. Clogs emerged in the Industrial Revolution and are still seen today.
Visual art
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Ferdinand_I%2C_King_of_Romania%2C_Prince_of_Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen.jpg/125px-Ferdinand_I%2C_King_of_Romania%2C_Prince_of_Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Pinkie_detailed.jpg/150px-Pinkie_detailed.jpg)
Morstaybishlian art refers to all forms of visual art in or associated with the country, and encompasses Staynish art, Kaltariz art, Valerian art and Jusdelvic art. During the 18th century Morstaybishlia began to reclaim the leading place it had played in Auroran art during the Middle Ages, being especially strong in portraiture and landscape art. Increasing Morstaybishlian prosperity led to a greatly increased production of both fine art and the decorative arts, the latter often being exported. The Romantic period resulted from very diverse talents. The 20th century saw a great diversity of art, and a far bigger quantity created than before.
The training of artists, which had long been neglected, began to improve in the 18th century through government and private initiatives, and greatly expanded in the 19th century. Public exhibitions and the later opening of museums brought art to a wider public, especially in Sani Bursil. In the 19th century publicly displayed religious art once again became popular after a virtual absence for over a hundred years.
The Morstaybishlian contribution to early Modernist art saw some of the most prolific artists appear after the Great War, such as Sir Lucas Moraby and Everett Childs. Since the 1940s Morstaybishlian artists have made a considerable impact on Contemporary art, especially with figurative work. Neo-classicism has also seen a revival in the 20th and 21st centuries. Morstaybishlia remains a key centre of an increasingly globalized art world.
Cinema
Cuisine
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/3/3a/Traditional_Morstaybishlian_roast_dinner.png/230px-Traditional_Morstaybishlian_roast_dinner.png)
Morstaybishlian cuisine is the heritage of cooking traditions and practices associated with Great Morstaybishlia through centuries of social and political changes, with roots as far back as the 6th century. It is a mixture of southwestern cuisine (especially Toranslic) and the wider Maltervic cuisine. Morstaybishlian cuisine has historically been divided into town, castle, monastic, parsonage, cottage and farmhouse cuisines. Significant changes occured come the advent of colonialism, which profoundly enriched its native cooking traditions, bringing items such as tomatoes, potatoes, and many root vegetables that became main ingredients of the cuisine starting in the late 17th century. Due to the variety of Morstaybishlian cultural and natural landscapes, there are more than forty five distinct regional cuisines with an abundance of difference in taste and presentation. Morstaybishlian cuisine is popular around the world.
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/4/45/Hobstiberry_pie.jpg/140px-Hobstiberry_pie.jpg)
Morstaybishlian cuisine is rich in fish, fruits, vegetables, game meats, potatoes, pastas and creams. It is characterised by its simplicity and variety, relying heavily on traditional products. North coast cuisine comprise primarily of lighter pasta dishes with fish, fruits and vegetables, and widely incorporate olives and olive oil in meals such as roasted vegetable and seafood pasta, baked cod and roasted vegetables, fish stew and vegetable paten. The inland shire regions and Toransla incorporate heavier ingredients such as pastries, game meats, potatoes and other root vegetables. Traditional meals include roast dinner, game pie,
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/b/b1/Morstaybishlian_roasted_vegetable_and_prawn_pasta.jpg/210px-Morstaybishlian_roasted_vegetable_and_prawn_pasta.jpg)
shepherd's pie, stews (for example claypot beef and potato), fruit pies (for example hobstiberry pie and Banoffee pie), and cheese dishes. Gowder, Albreshire Blue and Suwold are national cheeses.
Morstaybishlian cooking has been influenced by foreign ingredients and cooking styles since the Middle Ages. Squid baguettes (formerly known as squid breads) were introduced from New Leganes and adapted to Morst tastes from the eighteenth century. Tavari cuisine influenced Morst recipes throughout the late 17th and early 18th centuries, most notably Sevišala. After the rationing of the Great War, Packilvanian cuisine became heavily popular, featuring meals which mainly featured rice with easy to cultivate root vegetables and pea variants. Another popular Packilvanian dish was Tajine when meats became more easily available.
Great Morstaybishlia has a large winemaking tradition, with the realm of Oglota being a protected winemaking region and one of the largest exporters of wines globally. Morstaybishlia is also a major producer of cider, beer and whiskey and liqueurs.
Media
See also: List of political magazines of Great Morstaybishlia
The MBC, founded in 1917, is Great Morstaybishlia's publicly funded radio, television and Internet broadcasting corporation, and is the oldest and largest broadcaster in the world. It operates numerous television and radio stations in the MBE and abroad and its domestic services are funded by the television licence. Other major players in the MBE media include STV, a media conglomerate of national broadcasters and newspapers; and the KS, who themselves dominate the media scene in Kaltariezh since the 1930s. Sani Bursil dominates the media sector in the MBE: national newspapers and television and radio are largely based there, although Rouanezkador is also a significant national media centre. Kirdintayos and Valeron, and Loeizaporzh, are important centres of newspaper and broadcasting production in Valeria and Jusdelva respectively. The MBE publishing sector, including books, directories and databases, journals, magazines and business media, newspapers and news agencies, has a combined turnover of around £141 billion and employs around 1.1 million people.
Philosophy
Morstaybishlian philosophy, here taken to mean philosophy in the Staynish language, has been extremely diverse and has influenced Auroran philosophy as a whole for centuries, from the medieval scholasticism of Redmund von Kitelrus, through the founding of modern philosophy by Walter Vergassas, to 20th century philosophy of science, existentialism, phenomenology, structuralism, and postmodernism.
Sport
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/b/bc/Largest_stadium_in_Kaltariz%2C_the_Karadmarh_Stadium.jpg/250px-Largest_stadium_in_Kaltariz%2C_the_Karadmarh_Stadium.jpg)
Association football is the most popular sport in Morstaybishlia, varieties of which have been played in Morstaybishlia as far back as Maltervenic times. It has dominated the sport scene since the late 19th century. The Staynish national football team played and beat Kaltariezh in the first ever international tournament in 1869 at the Kaltariz venue, Karadmarh Stadium. Through its constituent countries, Great Morstaybishlia has hosted the Men's World Cup four times; Staynes hosted it in 1952, 1968 and 1992 and Kaltariezh hosted it in 1960. Staynes has had the most success, winning the world cup three times in 1960, 1964 and 1992, a record that is tied with Asendavia, New Leganes and Vaklori.
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/e/e6/Erwan_Tulesbury%2C_football_manager_2nd_edition.jpg/230px-Erwan_Tulesbury%2C_football_manager_2nd_edition.jpg)
Kaltariezh has also won a world cup in 1968. Combined, the constituent countries of Great Morstaybishlia has placed either second or third nine times. Valeria has had limited success, placing third place twice in 1984 and 1996. Staynes, Kaltariezh, Valeria and Jusdelva usually compete as separate countries in international competitions.
At club level, Kaltariezh is recognised by the international football association as the birthplace of club football, due to Whitequeens F.C. being founded in 1852 and thus the world's oldest club. The Football Federation is the oldest governing body in the sport, where it drafted the first recognised football rules in the world in 1860. The FF Cup and The Football League were the first cup and league competitions respectively. In the modern day, the Morstaybishlian Premier League is the world's most-watched football league, most lucrative, and amongst the elite, attracting the highest average attendance of all professional sports leagues in the world.
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/0/05/Gt3_championship.jpg/200px-Gt3_championship.jpg)
As is the case throughout the MBE, football in Staynes and Kaltariezh are notable for the rivalries between clubs and the passion of the supporters, which includes a tradition of football chants. The most successful Morstaybishlian football team in the Auroran Cup is Celidizia F.C. who have won the competition a total of eight times. They are closely followed by Redrugus Rangers, who together, alongside Kuthern A.F.C., Walverdon United, K.P.D. Kemberporzh. and K.P.D. Gwernaven, make up the most decorated clubs across the MBE.
Great Morstaybishlia is one of the leading motor sports countries in the world. Constructors like Royal Redrugus and Kerpten are prominent manufacturers in motor sport. Morstaybishlia came first place in the 2019 GT3 Championships in Blueacia. The Morstaybishlian oil and gas company Embask has been the lead sponsor for the GT3 Championships across various seasons.
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Horse-racing-1.jpg/250px-Horse-racing-1.jpg)
Horse racing and greyhound racing are both popular in Morstaybishlia. There are frequent horse race meetings and greyhound stadiums are well-attended. The mainland is noted for the breeding and training of race horses and is also a large exporter of racing dogs.
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/c/cc/MBE_tabletennis.png/250px-MBE_tabletennis.png)
The horse racing sector is largely concentrated in Redrugan.
Great Morstaybishlia fields a single national rugby team and a single association, the Morstaybishlian Rugby Football Union, governs the sport across the nation. The Morstaybishlian rugby team have played in every Rugby World Cup, winning in 2003 and 2015.
Today, Great Morstaybishlia is a major world sports powerhouse, with major sports in Morstaybishlia including table tennis, tennis, rugby union, rugby league, boxing, martial arts, swimming and other aquatic sports.
Physical fitness is widely emphasized in Morstaybishlian culture, with morning exercises widely practiced, and commercial gyms and private fitness clubs popular across the country.
Diaspora
Traditions
Staynish Tar Barrels
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/4/41/Staynish_Tar_Barrels.png/200px-Staynish_Tar_Barrels.png)
Staynes typically stages annual national events on the night of 2 November, in a tradition dating from before records began, barrels soaked in tar are set alight and carried aloft through cities and towns by their residents.
The festivities begin in the early evening with children's, youths' and women's events, which culminate in the men's event. The barrels, increasing in size up to 40 kg, are carried through the city or town centre, often packed with onlookers, in an exhilarating and risky spectacle. Only those born in the town, or who have lived there for most of their lives, may carry a barrel. Generations of the same family have been known to compete across the years and it is thought that the event may have originated as a means of warding off evil spirits, similar to other Staynish fire festivals, around this time. In recent years the event has been jeopardised by the need for increasing public liability insurance coverage. Nevertheless, the event continues in many towns and cities with audiences occasionally exceeding well over 20,000 people. During the event all roads in and out of these events are closed for safety reasons with diversions in place.
Oglota Wine Festival
![](http://static.miraheze.org/tepwiki/thumb/e/ec/Oglota_wine_festival.jpg/240px-Oglota_wine_festival.jpg)
The Oglota Wine Festival is a summer festival primarily in the Oglota Province of Kaltariezh, though it has since spread to many towns and communities in western and central Kaltariezh.
These such wine festivals across Kaltariz communities takes place on 21 December, also Summer Celebration Day in Morstaybishlia. The day begins at various times in the mid to late morning, with a parade of people of all ages carrying jugs, bottles, leather wine bottles and other types of containers filled with red wine. Led by the community leader such as a boriff on horseback, the parade usually goes through the market streets of these communities, symbolising riches and good health. A mass is then celebrated at the town centre or community park, or equivalent.
After the mass, the Battle of Wine commences. The participants toss wine on each other until everyone is completely soaked. This is greatly enjoyed by the locals and is tourist friendly. It has been televised on MBC Two since 2009.
After everyone has finished, people get together in couples and dance with grapevines whilst locking arms.
Tea Drinking Championships
On 28 April every year, many towns across Kaltariezh and Staynes observe a Tea Drinking Championship. An opponent is chosen to out drink the champion of the previous year in each town, from a large jug or from multiple tea cups. If they win, they become the champion. There are many under-card one versus one face offs that take place on a more casual setting at the same event to promote the tradition, whose origins are lost in history. The event doesn't usually last longer than half an hour.
Symbolism
The flag of Great Morstaybishlia is the Empire Flag. It was created in 1517 by culminating the design features from both the Flag of Staynes and the Flag of Kaltariezh. Being former colonies, Valeria and Jusdelva have no unique flag designs and have any option of redesigning the flag to represent the two other nations has been ruled out.
The Golden Rose of Staynes originated as the prominent symbolism of the kings and queens of Staynnica, which later became a symbol for national sovereignty and pride of the Staynish peoples. It's present across flags of the realm as well as in company logos and sport clubs and other advertising and logo styles.
The heraldic lion is quite common around the world, and several countries incorporate it into their national coats of arms. In Kaltian heraldry, the lion is first found in the coat of arms of the Kingdom of Kaltariezh the later part of the 11th century.
Public holidays and festivals
Public holidays celebrated in Great Morstaybishlia include a mix of religious (Thaerism), national and regional observances. Each country is allowed to declare a maximum of 13 public holidays per year; up to 11 of these are chosen by the national government and at least two are chosen locally. Morstaybishlia's national day (Unity Day) is 11 January, the anniversary of the Union of the Thrones between Staynes and Kaltariezh and celebrate Lambertus the Great's feast.
There are many festivals and festivities in Morstaybishlia. Some of them are known worldwide, and every year millions of people from all over the world go to Morstaybishlia to experience one of these festivals. The most well known is Week of the Empire, celebrating the achievements of the Morstaybishlian Empire over a period of a week (seven days) between 9 and 15 November.
Name | Date | Remarks |
---|---|---|
New Year's Day | 1 January | Celebrates the beginning of the Gregorian New Year |
Unity Day | 11 January | This national holiday was established to celebrate the Union of Staynes and Kaltariezh and to hold a great feast |
International Women's Day | 8 March | This national holiday was established to commemorate the brave history of women around the world |
Sovereign Day | 26 April | This national holiday was established in 1803 after the death of Rosamund I to celebrate the birthday of the incumbent sovereign, currently Lambertus VII |
Labour Day | 1 May | This national holiday was established to celebrate the economic and social achievements of workers across the world |
Winter Celebration Day | 21 June | From 1980, by Royal Proclamation, this day celebrates the winter solstice |
Thaer's Day | 15 August | Traditional common law holiday |
Prophet Matilda's Day | 3 September | Traditional feast day of the Prophet Matilda |
Peace Day | 24 October | Statutory bank holiday from 2018, celebrates peace in Aurora which is marked by the end of the Auroran-Cerenerian War |
Summer Celebration Day | 21 December | From 1980, by Royal Proclamation, this day celebrates the summer solstice |
Old Year's Day | 31 December | Celebrates the ending of the Gregorian Year |
References
- ↑ MBC, 27th February 2019. Barvata Defeats Johannes. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s45.html#p208859
- ↑ MBC, 8th March 2019. Walter Johannes Resigns. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s45.html#p209246
- ↑ MBC, 22nd October 2019. Kyrloth Illegally Seizes Embask Rotantic Oil Operations. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s60.html#p217619
- ↑ TARA PT4, 7th November 2019. MBE moves MBS Dovia and two frigates to the Lion of Taren Oil Rig. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mr-tass-s-holiday-t-a-r-a-parts-3-4-kyrloth-expans-t16094-s15.html#p218579
- ↑ TARA PT4, 7th November 2019. Osfjord Summit. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mr-tass-s-holiday-t-a-r-a-parts-3-4-kyrloth-expans-t16094-s15.html#p218218
- ↑ TARA PT4, 7th November 2019. Lion of Taren Oil Rig is detonated, sinks MBS Dovia. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mr-tass-s-holiday-t-a-r-a-parts-3-4-kyrloth-expans-t16094-s15.html#p220069
- ↑ MBC, 25th January 2020. Janietta Rubis Sacked. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s60.html#p221623
- ↑ MBC, 12th February 2020. Benjamin Wardola Becomes Leader of the Opposition. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s75.html#p223508
- ↑ MBC, 4th March 2020. It Has Been Too Long, Civic Party Says. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s75.html#p225027
- ↑ MBC, 13th April 2020. Eliminations in the Democrat Leadership Election. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s75.html#p226733
- ↑ MBC, 10th May 2020. Victory for Saudaran. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s75.html#p228468
- ↑ MBC, 19th May 2020. Riberoe Talks a Success. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s75.html#p229172
- ↑ MBC, 25th June 2020. Barvata's Speech. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s75.html#p231546
- ↑ MBC, 25th June 2020. Great Morstaybishlia Deploys the Home Fleet. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s75.html#p231546
- ↑ Government Statement, 25th June 2020. Our Response to Rodenia. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/the-puntalian-takeover-t17235.html#p231732
- ↑ MBC, 29th June 2020. Great Morstaybishlia Moves its Fleet. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s75.html#p231744
- ↑ MBC, 29th June 2020. Sverdrup: "Unreasonable". https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s75.html#p231744
- ↑ Released Cabinet Minutes, 29th June 2020. Barvata Discusses Conservation with Norgsveltian prime minister. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/the-puntalian-takeover-t17235-s15.html#p231742
- ↑ MBC, 1st July 2020. Unprecedented Moves. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s90.html#p231879
- ↑ Released Cabinet Minutes, 30th June 2020. Barvata addresses Cabinet on his communique with Empress Noi of Packilvania. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s90.html#p231879
- ↑ MBC, 9th March 2021. Joralesian Terror Attack Worse in its History. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s120.html#p243403
- ↑ MBC, 9th March 2021. Early Election Bill Passes Folks. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s120.html#p243440
- ↑ MBC, 10th March 2021. King Lambertus VII Gives Election Act Royal Assent. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s120.html#p243473
- ↑ MBC, 1st April 2021. Barvata Retains Office, But Only Just. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s120.html#p244223