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{{Infobox country
{{Infobox country
|conventional_long_name =
|conventional_long_name =Kaltariezh
|common_name = Caltharus
|common_name = Kaltariezh
|image_flag = Caltharus flag 4.8.png
|image_flag = Caltharus Flag Reborn.png
|flag_caption = Flag of Caltharus
|flag_caption = Flag of Kaltariezh<br>''Banniel Kaltariezh''
|national_motto = Honour, Loyalty and Knowledge.
|national_motto = Honour, Loyalty and Knowledge<br>''Unahelded, Lealded hag Gouiziegezh''
|national_anthem = [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zbd517ebm5U|''"March of the Caltharusian People."'']]
|national_anthem = [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zbd517ebm5U%7C&#124; March of the Kaltariz People]<br>''Kanaouenn Gwerin-Kaltariezh''
|image_map = Wikimap Caltharus in Great Morstaybishlia cropped.png
|image_map =
|loctext = Map
|loctext = Map
|alt_map =
|alt_map =
|map_caption = Caltharus (dark green), Great Morstaybishlia (light green), territories (dark grey)
|map_caption =
|image_map2 =
|image_map2 =
|alt_map2 =
|alt_map2 =
|map_caption2 =
|map_caption2 =
|capital = Aeternum
|capital = Rouanezkador
|largest_city = Aeternum
|largest_city = Rouanezkador
|languages_type = Official language
|languages_type = Official language
|languages =
|languages = [[wikipedia:Breton language|Kaltareg]]
[[wikipedia:English language|Staynish]]
|languages2_type = Recognised regional languages
|languages2_type = Recognised regional languages
|languages2 =
|languages2 = [[wikipedia:English language|Staynish]]
[[wikipedia:Breton language|Calth]]
|ethnic_groups =
|ethnic_groups =
{{unbulleted list|74% [[Wikipedia:Human|Human]]|21% [[Species#Elf|Elvish]]|2% [[Cava]]|3% Other}}
[[wikipedia:human|Human]] 99.6%
|ethnic_groups_year = 2023
Vulpine 0.4%
|demonym = Kaltariz, Kaltarian
|ethnic_groups_year = 2015
|government_type = Unitary liberal parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy
|demonym = Caltharusian, Calthian, Calth
|government_type = Devolved parliamentary legislature within a [[Succession to the Morstaybishlian Throne|constitutional monarchy]]
|leader_title1 = [[Succession to the Morstaybishlian Throne|King]] (''Roue'')
|leader_title1 = Monarch
|leader_name1 = [[Lambertus VII]]
|leader_name1 = [[Lambertus VII]]
|leader_title2 = Secretary of State
|leader_title2 = Secretary of State (''Sikraterlezh ar Stad'')
|leader_name2 = Edmund Stockman
|leader_name2 = Kellie Fross
|leader_title3 =
|leader_title3 =
|leader_name3 =
|leader_name3 =
|legislature =
|legislature =[[Parliament of Great Morstaybishlia]]
|upper_house =
|upper_house =House of Peers
|lower_house =
|lower_house =House of Representatives
|area_km2 = 1771150
|area_km2 = 1771150
|area_sq_mi =
|area_sq_mi =
|population_estimate =
|population_estimate = 98,400,403
|population_estimate_year =
|population_estimate_year = 2023
|population_census = 141,005,948
|population_census =
|population_census_year = 2019
|population_census_year =
|population_density_km2 =
|population_density_km2 = 96
|population_density_sq_mi =
|population_density_sq_mi =
|GDP_nominal =
|GDP_nominal =3.245 trillion [[Kirib|KRB]]
|GDP_nominal_year = 2017
|GDP_nominal_year = 2017
|GDP_nominal_per_capita =
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = 31,000 [[Kirib|KRB]]
|Gini =
|Gini =29.6
|Gini_year =
|Gini_year = 2022
|HDI_year =
|HDI_year = 2022
|HDI =
|HDI = 0.8
|HDI_change =
|HDI_change =increase
|currency = Kirib
|currency = [[Kirib]]
|currency_code = ♅/KRB
|currency_code = ♅/KRB
|Gini = 29.6
|Gini_year = 2015
|HDI_year = (n/a)
|HDI = 0.8
|HDI_change = (n/a)
|date_format = DD/MM/YYYY
|date_format = DD/MM/YYYY
|drives_on =
|drives_on =left
|cctld = .cal
|cctld = .mbe
|iso3166code = CAL
|iso3166code = KAL
|today=[[Great Morstaybishlia]]
}}
|native_name=''Kaltaria'' <small>([[W:English language|Staynish]])</small>}}
'''Caltharus''' (Calth: ''Calthia'') is a country that is apart of [[Great Morstaybishlia]]. Caltharus borders [[Staynes]] to the west, [[Vothetria]], [[Kothalria]] and [[Thalria]] to the south, [[Baykalia]] and Kostromastan to the east, [[Tivot]] as well as the [[Morstaybishlian Sea]] to the north, as well as 4 inhabited islands.


'''Kaltariezh''', known predominantly by the its historical [[Wikipedia:Anglicisation|staynified]] name '''Kaltaria''' is a constituent country of the Imperial Kingdom of [[Great Morstaybishlia]]. Located in [[Aurora|Northern Aurora]], it neighbours [[Staynes]] to the west, [[North Ethalria]] to the south, [[Marislia]] to the east and both the [[Morstaybishlian Sea]], [[Tivot]] and [[Blueacia]] to the north.
The Kingdom of Caltharus emerged as an independent sovereign state in the Early Middle Ages and continued to exist until 1515. In 1515, [[Lambertus III]] [[Battle for Caltharus 1515|united the thrones of Staynes and Caltharus]] after defeating Gretargius Ballistra at the Battle of Lambertupol which formed the United Kingdom of Staynes and Caltharus, which went on to become the sovereign state of the [[Morstaybishlian Empire]]. The union also created a new Parliament of Morstaybishlia, which succeeded both the Parliament of Caltharus and the Parliament of Staynes. Under [[Redrugus IX]], Caltharus helped Staynes conquer the [[Kormistazm|Kormistazmic Empire]] in 1575. In 1897, Morstaybishlia itself entered into a political union with the [[Packilvania|Caliphate of Packilvania]] to become the Kingdom of Morstopackia before collapsing twenty years later.


Boasting a rich history of culture, the Bishec states formed the basis of elvish and cava civilisation as we know it after the [[Great Vanishing]] some three thousand years ago, expanding and contracting several times before a period of unification in the 11th century, forming modern Kaltariezh. Cava and elvish populations would be outcompeted by the descendent human population of [[Staynes|Estenes]], and by the mid 13th century saw the end of its last non-human ruling dynasty. Forming an empire by the early 15th century after expansionism into the [[Cerenerian Ocean]], the Kaltariezh Empire (Kaltarimpalaeriezh) settled and then colonised the Inizi Reterdelien by 1424 (what is today the westermost islands in the [[Morstaybishlian Cerenerian Territories]]) and [[Jusdelva]] by 1483.
Within Caltharus, the monarchy of Great Morstaybishlia has continued to use a variety of styles, titles and other royal symbols of statehood specific to the pre-union Kingdom of Caltharus. The legal system within Caltharus has also remained separate from those of Staynes, and South Staynes and Justelvard; Caltharus constitutes a distinct jurisdiction in both public and private law. The continued existence of legal, educational, religious and other institutions distinct from those in the remainder of Great Morstaybishlia have all contributed to the continuation of Caltharusian culture and national identity since the 1515 union with Staynes.


Kaltariezh would enter a period of civil war in 1497 between two members of the Cadoret dynasty vying for control of the throne. Both Kirus and Azenor controlled vast armies and had a relatively equal claim to the throne. In 1501, Azenor married [[Lambertus III|Lambertus III of Staynes]], and combining their forced won the [[Kaltariz Civil War]] by 1505. Lambertus and Azenor's son, [[Lambertus IV]], would inherit rule of the Staynish-Kaltariezh Empire and unified them politically in 1515, forming [[Great Morstaybishlia|Morstaybishlia]]. Kaltariezh contributed to the expansion of Morstaybishlia through the [[Western Auroran Crusades]] from 1523 to 1575 which saw the defeat and annexation of the Kormistazic Empire. Beyond Aurora-proper, Kaltariezh contributed to the expansion of Morstaybishlia starting with the establishment of colonies in [[Arcturia]], [[Gondwana]], and [[The Oan Isles|the Oan Isles]].
In 2019 Caltharus recorded a population of 141 million, with 38 million people living in the Province of Nocturne. Aeternum, the capital city, has a population of 8.7 million people with 15.16 million in the metropolitan area, making it the second largest city behind Sani Bursil and above Eskrador.


Following the [[Posolic Wars]] of the 19th century, Kaltariezh was forced to cede territory to the [[Ethalria (Grand Matriarchy)|Ethalrian Empire]] and [[Biramura]]. Slavery declined after the [[Second Morsto-Oan War]] in the mid-19th century and abolished altogether throughout the [[Morstaybishlian Empire]] including in Kaltariezh following the signing of the Great Charter of the Liberties in 1917. Kaltariezh regained the territories which had been ceded to Ethalria following the [[Auroran Imperial War]]. The country was heavily invaded and suffered severe bombardment during the [[Auroran-Cerenerian War]]. Kaltariezh is scheduled to relinquish the Marislian region no later than 2025 following the 2022 [[Marislia]] independence referendum. Today, Kaltariezh is governed directly by [[Succession to the Morstaybishlian Throne|His Majesty’s]] Government (via a Minister in the [[Cabinet of Great Morstaybishlia]]) with the [[Parliament of Great Morstaybishlia]] wielding legislative authority over the nation. Nevertheless, it maintains a distinct legal system and its provinces have limited decision-making power over local affairs.
==History==


Kaltariezh is an upper income post-industrial consumption-led developed economy (according to the [[Auroran Monetary Fund]]) that has a GDP of rough 3.2 trillion KRB and a GDP per capita of approximately 31,000 KRB. It is a major manufacturing and financial services hub, being the home of major corporations such as [[Ferrus Industries]]. With its generally mild climate and minerally well-endowed geography, the country is highly biologically diverse and its varying landscape provide for the cultivation of wine-grade grapes. The country performs well in metrics of liveability and governance, but it does have a fairly high incarcerated population and above average levels of crime.
Caltharus is one of the oldest nations in [[Aurora]]. Caltharus originated as a city state under Calth, managing to conquer all of the other city states on the Dovian Peninsula. After centuries of imperialistic expansionism and rule under a monarchy a successful revolution in 1513 had King Haligar II executed whilst some royal family members fled to nearby kingdoms. The Republic of Caltharus came into being but was thwarted two years later by an invasion led by [[Lambertus III]] of Staynes and his wife, Haligar II's daughter and heir to the throne Katerina. The [[Union of the Thrones]] is what led Caltharus and Staynes into political union.


== Etymology ==
===Colonialism and New Age City States===
It is believed the name ''Kaltar'' derives from the name ''Culotoutar'' given by the [[Bishlan|Aberbish]] civilisation who spoke [[Usprian languages|
Proto-Usprian]] over three thousand years ago. ''Culo'' has toponymic meaning, which is "a nook", "a retreat" or "an out of the way place", most likely referring to the civilisation spawning on the west coast of the [[Dovian Cape]]. The sound followed similar linguistic changes pertaining to its meaning, evolving into ''kul'' by the first millennium BCE, and then mutating into ''kal'' by the 8th century. This deviates from the actual spelling of the word which in modern Kaltareg is ''[[Wikipedia:cil#Welsh|kil]]''.


The next part, ''[[Wikipedia:Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/toutā|touta]]'', means "people", with the second ''t'' becoming weaker over time, often being replaced by a softer ''d''. The second consonant mostly vanished by the first millenium BCE, at which point it was recorded under several spelling variants, most notably ''Kultouar'', and rarely ''Kultudar''. The suffix is believed to be the definitive article ''[[Wikipedia:Breton grammar#Articles-ar|-ar]]'', which means "the", though it is unexplained why this appears as a suffix as it usually precedes a word, phrase or toponymic cognate. If this is the case, the full name translates to "the people of the nook".
After Calth had conquered the Dovian peninsula, some of the noble families of the fallen city-states began to feel threatened. This threat was caused by the newly established Constantine dynasty, which actively tried to make Calth more centralised nation. This uncertainty among the old nobles resulted in a large movement being created, with colonisation as a primary goal. The old nobles believed that if they could escape from the mainland Calth, they could start their own city states and thus return to the status quo. After 24 years of Constantine rule, this movement finally succeeded in preparing a fleet for colonisation. These ships left Calth in the year 974. Their departure was followed by decades of silence, and it was generally believed that these ships were either lost in a storm or turned in to pirates. However, in 1001 a ship landed in Aeternum (back then known as Calth), claiming it had came from the distant continent [[Arcturia]]. This ship told king the tale of the colonisation fleet how it had sailed for far longer distance even thought possible. At first, the king was overjoyed that the colony project had succeeded, but soon he was told by the sailors that the few established colonies had renounced their loyalty to Calth and started forming new city states. Even though the King was outraged by this, he soon realised that there was nothing he could do. For the time being, the colonies were too far away, so he acknowledged these colonies as independent and started trading with them.


The name was codified in the 9th century, formally becoming ''Kaltar''. All other spellings phased out shortly after. The suffix ''-iezh'' came by the 11th century, coming from the earlier ''[[Wikipedia:-edh#Cornish|-edh]]'' and denotes a sense of nationhood. In a sense, it is very similar to the [[Wikipedia:English language|Staynish]] suffix ''[[Wikipedia:-ia#Suffix 2|-ia]]'', from which the staynified name ''Kaltaria'' derives.
In 1164 the Calthian situation finally allowed them to start preparing for conquest of these colonies, that had now grown in to full-fledged city-states. Calthians send their most capable and most loyal commander, in lead of a greatest invasion force that Calth had ever seen, towards these colonies. The commander, known as Colonarius, had sworn to conquer all of the city-states. After a year of sailing, the invasion force arrived at Arcturia. They fortune was on their side, and they landed only few kilometres away from the city of Alaias. Colonarius decided to act fast and instigate, he advanced on the city, and took it by surprise. After only three days of fighting, the city and its occupants surrendered. To the citizens Colonarius promised that they would be spared, and even rewarded, if they would join Calth and fight alongside him. They city quickly accepted the offer, and so Colonarius had made sure that his forces couldn't be driven to the sea or exhausted to death. Despite this early victory, in 1166 the remaining 11 city states formed an alliance to counter the invasion. Colonarius responded to this by striking first, and forcing his enemies to react to his actions, rather than trying to defend against their overwhelming numbers. In the war that ensued, the 'War of twelve cities'; Colonarius had two advantages. Most of his army was well trained and far more disciplined. The war raged on for five years, with Colonarius doing increasingly daring attacks against his enemies. The war finally ended in it's sixth year, after a large, decisive battle, that quickly become known as the miracle of Colonarius.


== History ==
In this battle Colonarius managed to crush the opposing army decisively, after killing kings of the three leading city-states. After this battle the cities quickly fell in line, and Colonarius become one of the most celebrated military commanders of Calth. The land would eventually be reorganised as territory of the Morstaybishlian Empire under the name 'New Calth' after the Union of the Thrones, and serves as a large trading hub, being in the middle of affairs to and from Gondwana and Aurora.


=== Marislian Secession ===
==Politics==
In 2019, the Kaltariz region around Kastell Nozvezh experienced 2 major natural disasters: a heatwave which caused immense wildfires as well as an earthquake that resulted in dozens of deaths. Months later, the government of [[Walter Johannes]] announced that as apart of financial reshuffle, the government would significantly reduce the budget for the region. This gave rise to the defeat of his party the [[Principles of Democracy Party|Principles]] during the [[2019 Great Morstaybishlia General Election|2019 general election]], which saw the ascension of the [[Progress Party (MBE)|Progress Party]] and [[Franklin Barvata]] to power. Professor of Political Science at the University of Kazhezac, Vivienne Avauntis theorised in her book titled ''Circumstance and Opportunity: the Makings of Revolution'', that the actions of the state would encourage revolutions in areas of the country prone to seeking greater independence and autonomy chief among which were Marislia, [[Joralesia]] and [[South Staynes]].
[[File:Caltharusian Provinces.PNG|thumb|left|650px|Provinces of Caltharus.]]
<gallery>
File:Caltharusian nationalist party.png|Emblem of the Caltharusian Nationalist party
File:Caltharusian workers party.png|Emblem of the Caltharusian Workers' Party
File:The Nocturnian party.png|Emblem of the Nocturnian Party
</gallery>


Her words were seemingly prophetic as terrorist attacks described by commentators at the largest attacks that Great Morstaybishlia had hirtheto experienced in over 100 years were perpetrated on 25 July 2020. Unidentified terrorists attacked two sites, one in Delgedatter in Barbarus Province and another in Khauser, that caused the deaths of 136 people and destroyed millions of Kiribs worth of infrastructure. The government placed the provinces of Laulia, Aurus, Barbarus, Nocturne and Jomsgord on lock down and stationed military and police personnel on the streets.
==Military==
''Main article: [[Royal Armed Forces of the Empire]]''
Historically, Caltharus has a long military tradition that predates the Act of Union with Staynes. Its soldiers form part of the armed forces of Great Morstaybishlia, more usually referred to domestically within Morstaybishlia as the Royal Armed Forces of the Empire (RAFOTE).


Another attack was perpetraded on 22 August 2020 giving rise to increased military presence and blame being placed on the government and the Morstaybishlian Intelligence Bureau for failing to apprehend the people responsible. The restrictions imposed on the people of Eastern Kaltariezh as well as the previous natural disasters and financial constraints placed on them, precipitated increased disaffection with the government and fomented calls from leading social commentators and groups for a reevaluation of the role that Eastern Kaltariezh played in Morstaybishlia such as the Self Determination Research Group which published a paper supporting greater autonomy for Eastern Kaltariezh.
Parts of Caltharus have housed many sensitive defence establishments. Between 1960 and 1982, Forchemech was a base for the Morstaybishlian fleet of Polaris ballistic missile submarines.


Despite announcing trade and diplomatic agreements with various countries, the government was heavily criticised by opposition parties and civil society organisations for focusing on foreign relations instead of addressing salient security concerns on the ground. Hostility against the government was exacerbated by the passage of an Anti-Terrorism Act which sought to give the government more power to control information and movement, to arrest people and access private information, all in the name of national security. This antipathy was especially prevalent in Eastern Kaltariezh which bore the brunt of the attacks and the governments security schemes. On January 2021, [[Remis Posol]], head of [[Posol Industries]] and husband to Chancellor of [[Biramura]], [[Lady Posol]], was shot down over Kaltariezh by a guided missile launched from [[Biramura]].
==Great houses of Caltharus==


Protests against the government's mishandling of the security situation and the demands for independence ensued across eastern Kaltariezh. Some protests turned into rioting with police arresting over 50 people in Nocturne alone.
After the establishment of the Caltharusian monarchy, the power has been in hands of the Constantine dynasty. Even though they are the royal dynasty, that doesn’t mean that there aren’t any other powerful families in Caltharus. Most of Caltharus is split to smaller counties and rulers of these counties are part of the royal senate, the third power user in Caltharus. (King has half of the power, senate has third of the power and Royal senate has one sixth of the power.) Even though royal senate doesn’t have much power in the whole country, rulers of each county have relatively much power in their own counties, even though in each county there also exists a regional senate.
Since the first establishment of the monarchy families that ruled each county fought and plotted against each other to get more power.
Currently Caltharus is divided in to 14 counties, from which three are controlled directly by the Constantine dynasty. Constantine dynasty controls Aeternum, Lambertupol and Carcharias provinces. Province Aeternum is on the area where the original city states were.


Following the [[2021 Great Morstaybishlia General Election|2021 general election]], [[Progress Party (MBE)|Progress]] lost 47 seats in the Parliament of Great Morstaybishlia but retained a governing majority while the [[Marislian Independence Party]] (MARIP) won nearly 40% of the seats in the [[Marislia|Marislian provinces]] (i.e., provinces east of the Ider River). As part of their campaign to delegitimize the authority of His Majesty’s Government over Marislia and to protest how South Staynes (thenceforth known as [[Valeria]]) had been granted an [[2021 South Staynish independence referendum|independence referendum]], but Marislia had not, MARIP refused to take their seats. Following the [[2021 Joralesian attacks]] in which Prime Minister [[Franklin Barvata]] was incapacitated, newly appointed caretaker Prime Minister and First Secretary of State [[Riannar Karmer]] announced on 22 August 2022 that Progress was planning on introducing legislation to organize referendum to vote on the independence of Marislia. MARIP decided to take their seats so that they could vote for the Marislia Independence Referendum Act 2021.


On 31 December 2021, it was announced that 50.005% of the population of the Kaltariz provinces east of the [[Bishlan|Aberbish]] known as [[Marislia]] had voted to be independent from Great Morstaybishlia. Following that announcement, protests sparked in the cities of Kastell Nozvezh and Laverac and against seceding from Great Morstaybishlia. Those cities had on average 83% of their residents voting to remain in the country. On 1 February 2022, it was announced that Marislia would secede no later than 1 January 2025. Protests lasted over a money, with anywhere from a third to two third of the population in those cities protesting against the secession.
'''House Barbarossa'''
[[File:CxPSQVA.png|thumbnail|Emblem of House Barbarossa]]
ouse is relatively new, since they joined Caltharus after Morstayblishian empire was established. Originally house Barbarossa lived in Khanate of Nocturne (Provinces: Nocturne, green and orange and grey). Morstayblishian empire conquered Khanate of nocturne in so called “musket wars” (1732-1756) after centuries of bloody wars and raiding. These wars were the first major wars in which musket was a primary weapon. After being conquered house Barbarossa was one of the more co-operative houses and was rewarded for their loyalty with a small county in mainland of Caltharus. However house Barbarossa was very ambitous one and soon started growing their power. With the monarchs wanting to make sure that Nocturinians wouldn’t rebel (especially since they had their own religion, Amarth Baal, rather than following the same that other Caltharusians followed). Relatively soon, only 40 years after joining the empire they had made their small province one of the most powerful in whole Caltharus. They also were able to expand their small province into modern day Barbarus.


==Politics and government==
{{Multiple image
| image1 = Lambertus VII wiki portrait.jpg
| caption1 = His Majesty, King [[Lambertus VII]] of [[Great Morstaybishlia]], head of state and commander-in-chief
| image2 = Jody Wilson-Raybould (cropped).jpg
| caption2 = The Profound Estimable, Kellie Fross, Secretary of State for Kaltariezh and member of Parliament for Achavey
| total_width = 300
}}
The politics of Kaltariezh take place in the framework of a parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy. The [[Succession to the Morstaybishlian Throne|King of Great Morstaybishlia]], currently [[Lambertus IV]], is the head of state and head of government. The [[Parliament of Great Morstaybishlia]] has the power to make laws for Great Morstaybishlia including Kaltariezh (in which it is represented by approximately x members of Parliament). Kaltariezh does not have its own devolved government. The incumbent Prime Minister, [[Franklin Barvata]] originates from and represents a constituency in Kaltariezh. Following the secession of [[Marislia]] from Great Morstaybishlia, the number of seats allocated to Kaltariezh in the Parliament were reduced.


The Secretary of State for Kaltariezh, currently Kellie Fross, is a member of the [[Cabinet of Great Morstaybishlia]] who is responsible for representing the interests of Kaltariezh in the Cabinet and administering executive authority in Kaltariezh. She was appointed by the King on the advice of the [[Prime Ministers of Great Morstaybishlia|Prime Minister of Great Morstaybishlia]]. She is a member of the Progress Party (representing the Achavey constituency in the [[Parliament of Great Morstaybishlia]]) and succeeded Fredmund Constanine following her appointment to that post on 16 April 2021 as part of the [[Second Barvata ministry]] following the [[2021 Great Morstaybishlia General Election|2021 General Election]]. She oversees the Department of Kaltariz Affairs which administers government functions for Kaltariezh.


The provinces which compose Kaltariezh have councils whose members represented constituencies and are elected by ranked-choice run-off voting. The Provincial Councils have the power to make decisions over local matters such as schools, hospitals and clinics, abattoirs, liquor licenses etc. Each province has a Chairperson elected by its members and they tend to make decisions by majority vote and its members serve full-time.
'''House Ferrus (in modern days Irons) '''
[[File:Ulm or Ferrus.png|thumbnail|Emblem of House Ferrus]]
Province of Black mountains is ruled by House Ferrus. The mountains got their name in ancient times when large amounts of coal was found there. Originally the province was part of Ecaltus, nation that was conquered by King Sigmund I Constantine “The victorious” in 1076. Ecaltus was known for it rich mines and after it being conquered main focus in Caltharusian economy shifted from agriculture to mining. Even to this day provinces that once were part of Ecaltus (Eskrador and Black mountains) provide most of minerals needed by Caltharusian economy. In modern day House Ferrus might be the most powerful great house in whole Caltharus, current heir of the House, Jakob Irons, is CEO of Ferrus industries, main weapon developer and manufacturer in Caltharus. Ferrus industries is partially under goverments rule, but most of the decisions are made by Jakob Stahl. Even though Ferrus industries main focus is on weapons, they have also expanded to other areas.


In contrast, the municipalities have a Mayor elected directly by the population who appoints a council that runs the daily affairs of the municipalities where a Municipal Council comprised of part-time councillors of whom some represent Wards and others are appointed by parties via proportional seats. Municipalities provide public services and make decisions on matters such as traffic lights, garbage pick-up, storm drains, building permits and zoning etc. In some cities, the Mayor will appoint a professional civil servant known as the City Manager who handles the administrative and managerial decisions and running of the city while the Mayor and the Mayoral Council develop policy and supervise the running of the city. Some cities such as Rouanezkador, Aurus and Cavenhelm have been delegated power over matters reserved for the central and provincial governments such as policing, hospitals and schools.


The so-called Great Houses of Kaltariezh, are historic families which once ruled over small teritorries in Kaltariezh and comprise the nobility of Kaltariezh. Following its unification and subsequent domination by Great Morstaybishlia, the houses became aristocratic lords who controlled fiefs in the Kings name. Over time, their power and political significance has waned drastically yet they remain relevant because they send hereditary peers to the House of Peers and exercise considerable cultural, economic and philathropic influence.
'''House Acceron '''
==Law and crime ==
[[File:IazoNfN.png|thumbnail|Emblem of House Accerus]]
The legal system of Kaltariezh takes place in the framework of a civil and common law system. The criminal justice system is inquisitorial whereby His Majesty's Procuratorate is responsible for investigating cases and presenting evidence on behalf pf the courts. The criminal justice system follows a set of Criminal Law Codes that stipulate matters of criminal law and offer little room to Kaltariz justices to interpret or develop judicial precedent. In contrast, the civil law system follows a common law system whereby substantial case law is developed via judicial precedent. Furthermore, it follows an adversarial system whereby parties to a case present evidence and arguments to an impartial judge.
Province of Eskrador is ruled by house Acceron, the ruling family of Ecaltus. Because ecaltus was conquered in just one year (although after the first war had collapsed their economy) the act of making Ecaltus a Caltharusian vassal and later integrating it to the nation was relatively painless and easy. Because of this House acceron was allowed to stay and rule first the vassal Ecaltus and later half of Ecaltus when it was integrated (Ecaltus was split in to two provinces during the integration to weaken House Acceron). Although House Acceron is one of the oldest of Houses in Caltharus, it’s power has been in steady decline ever since the “Musket wars” (1732-1756) in which Kingdom of Nocturne was conquered. The decline resulted from muskets becoming more important which resulted in large growth of demand of iron. While House Ferrus managed to answer to the challenge and secure the best trade oppoturnities within the empire, House Acceron failed and started to lose it’s power. In modern days House Acceron has lost their grip of the Eskador, which is one of the wealthiest provinces in Caltharus. With House Accerons grip lost many new Houses are trying to take their place.


The highest court in Great Morstaybishlia is the Supreme Court of Great Morstaybishlia (which is ''de jure'' the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council) thus all cases arising from courts in Kaltariezh can be appealed to it. The highest court in Kaltariezh is the Conclave. The Conclave is appointed by the King on the advice of the [[Prime Ministers of Great Morstaybishlia|Prime Minister of Great Morstaybishlia]] following consultations with an independent professional judicial appointments advisory committee. The Conclave consists of 9 justice and is seated in Rouanezkador. Beneath the Conclave are various other courts responsible with general and specialised jurisdiction over criminal and civil cases within their respective jurisdictions. Cases from these courts can be appealed to the Conclave, whose decisions have binding effect on all courts in Kaltariezh except where superseded by the Supreme Court.


His Majesty's Kaltariz Police Service is the primary organ of law enforcement except in large cities such as Rouanezkador which have their own police departments. As with the rest of Great Morstaybishlia, the Royal Prison Service is responsible for maintaining and operating prisons, the largest of which is King [[Gustav II]] Correctional Facility with 3,245 inmates. Kaltariezh has a rate of 1.8 intentional culpable senticide per 100,000 people and a total prison population of 287,500. Capital punishment continues to be utilized but incidence of its use is declining, with 23 executions being conducted since 2000 [[Common Era calendar|CE]].
'''House Narcius'''
==Administrative divisions==
[[File:Provinces of Caltharus.PNG|thumb|Political map of the provinces comprising Kaltariezh]]Kaltariezh consists of provinces which are further subdivided into municipalities. Provinces and municipalities are responsible for administering public services and executing laws as mandated by the central and state-level governments. Further local representation is provided by counties in rural municipalities and boroughs in city municipalities.


The provinces of Kaltariezh are as follows:
Province Mundus is ruled by house Narcius, House directly decending from the city state of Calth. Provinces Mundus, Barbarus, Prosperro and Harrus were part of Nukdaus, old empire whose vassal city state Calth was. When Calth had united the Calthian peninsula and started preparing for conquest of Nukdays, their old overlord was already weakened by the rise of their rival Staynes. With kingdom of Staynes keeping Nukdays busy, Nukdays wasn’ty ready for Calths attack on them. This resulted in long but victorious war by Calth. Not only was Nukday busy because of Staynes, it also had been in state of civil disorder for almost a decade and when Calth attacked it’s defences soon collapsed. Despite the initial collapse of Nykdays defences, they still managed to fight back but the war (876-891) still resulted in their defeat and surprisingly full annexation.
*Donomere
House Narcius was one of the Great houses of city state Calth and was so appointed to rule and govern Provice Mundus, after the war. House Narcius was at the height of it’s power just before the great war, and managed to hold on it’s claims in the empire and even managed to expand it’s province in the years after the war. House Narcius is respected in all of Caltharus and is known for it’s steady, long and just rule.
*Langamere
*Ecaltus
*Prosperro
*Korrius
* Silvere
*Marenus
*Oglota
*Tandar
*Khawton
*Dogruria
*Boscowia
* Nukdausia
*Dovia
* Forchmech
*Calthia
==Economy==
{{Multiple image
| image1 = Panorama de Madrid desde el parque de San Isidro.JPG
| caption1 = Rouanezkador central business district skyline, home of Ferrus Industries and other major Kaltariz firms
| image2 = Phb_dt_8107_CTA.jpg
| caption2 = The Terminal C Container Facility of the Port of Rouanezkador, the largest port in Kaltariezh by volume
| total_width = 350
}}
The economy of Kaltariezh takes place as a free-market capitalist economy with social welfare. Kaltariezh has a nominal GDP of 3.234 trillion KRB and a nominal GDP per capita of 31,520 KRB. It uses the [[Kirib]] (KRB) as legal tender as monetary policy is under the control of the Kalmington Parliament which ceded much of that power to the [[Auroran Central Bank]]. Nevertheless, the Bank of Staynes retains various functions such as oversight of the Kaltariz banking system. Inflation holds at the UNAC average of approximately 2% to 3%.


Kaltariezh is characterised as an upper income developed post-industrial economy with relatively low levels of unemployment (approximtely 5%). Trade with other constituent countries of Great Morstaybishlia and overseas dependencies of the [[Morstaybishlian Empire]] comprises over 75% of its trade volumes. 15% to 20% flows to the [[United Nations of the Auroran Continent]] (UNAC). The remaining 10% to 5% of trade is with [[Packilvania]], the [[League of Novaris]], [[Peregrinia]] and the [[Union of Commonwealth Alliances]].
'''House Luscus '''


Over 62% of the Kaltariz economy consists of the services sector especially in areas such as information technology services, financial services, and tourism. The manufacturing sector comprises another 21% of the economy of which industrial machinery, vehicles, scientific equipment, arms manufacturing and shipbuilding comprise a substantial portion. The mining sector comprises 9% of the economy, producing metallurgical silicon, ferrous metals and coal. The smallest part of the economy consists of agriculture with contributes 4% of the economy namely in the production of wine, timber, grains, meat, and fruits.
House Luscus rules province Prosperro, that is the most important province considering trade with Staynes and Matriarchy of Ethalria. This has made House Luscus one of the most important houses in Caltharus. Just like House Narcius, also House Luscus was originally a great house in city state Calth. They also where appointed to rule a province in newly conquered Nukdaus. For several centuries Prosperro was just a province on the western fringe of Caltharus. Then after Magnus I was married to the queen of Staynes, it suddenly become the most important trade hubs in all of Caltharus. After conquest of Ecaltus and it’s rich mines, trade hub in Prosperro grew even larger and it became the most important trade hub in Caltharus.


===Infrastructure===
Kaltariezh has a highly developed infrastructure system. It has 24,700km of railway, which include over 2,567km of high-speed rail. The longest and most profitable line, the Tarov-Ankowkad line spans from Ankowkad, passing through Kazhezac, Rouanezkador, Urvanma, Kêrtraezh and into Tivot where it ends at [[Tarov]]. The railway system is run by three companies: Royal Kaltariezh Railways, Transrail and Kaltariezh Train Service. Many cities have trams and subways lines especially the larger and more densely populated cities. Kaltariezh is in the process of integrating its network to the continental network to make it easier to travel across borders. Most notably the Rouanezkador Karinthus line provides direct customs free travel between Kaltariezh and [[North Ethalria]]. The country has 1,250,000km of road which includes the extensive Kaltariezh Highway Network which connects to the Great Morstaybishlia Network which in turn connects to the continental network.


Kaltariezh has a mix of energy source which includes 25% natural gas, 23% coal, 19% nuclear power, 17% hydroelectric power, and 16% other renewable energy sources which has enabled Kaltariezh to exceed its emissions targets despite being a producer of fossil fuels. The Kaltariezh grid is connected with the rest of the continent allowing for it to sell power to surrounding nations and rely on their power in emergencies. The largest airport in the country is the Rouanezkador International Airport, which receives over 2 million passengers annually. Kaltariezh benefits from an extensive broadband network which facilitates average Internet speeds of 34MB per second. The Port of Rouanezkador is one of the largest ports in the world in terms of container volumes.
'''House Custodian'''


===Science and technology===
House Custodian rules province Korrius(violet) but they weren’t the original rulers of the lush forest of Korrius. They seized the control of the province right after Lambertus III manged to re-establish the monarchy. When Lambertus III made the original ruler family of Korrius a warning example, there was lots of power play surrounding the appointment of a successor. Respected military house, house Custodian, rose from this power play victorious. Since the appointment of House Custodian, Korrius has become a highly militaristic province in which resides one of the biggest military academies of Caltharus. House Custodian originates from Lambertus IIIs guards who retired after decades of faithful service. As a sign of respect to the retiring leader was gifted a plot of land in korrius, a province so many of his brethren fell conquering.
Kaltariezh has been home to inventors and scientists for hundreds of years who have shaped the world. Kaltariz scientist Rima Elasar was heavily involved in the development of cable television. Christopher Rheun was heavily involved in the development of the telegram. Didier Wallace was also instrumental in the development of modern spectroscopy and his work contributed to the discovery of distant planets and stars. Bellice Sauldraham was instrumental in the development of treatments to combat diahrreal diseases while Emily Quillton was heavily instrumental in the discovery of polymerase chain reactions and her work revolutionised the understanding of organic chemistry.
'''House Hessius '''


The Royal Kaltariz Society for Mathematics and Natural Sciences awards the prestigious King [[Thadeus II]] Prize in Chemistry to leading voices in the sector. Kaltariezh is home to the Houghton Emerson National Laboratory in Newton-Herring which is one of the largest particle physics research centers in the world, rivalling the Soltan Nuclear Fusion Laboratory in [[Axdel]]. The Morganston Nuclear Research Laboratory in Kazhezac has been instrumental in the nuclear weapons research of Great Morstaybishlia and has contributed to the discovery of chemotherapy. The Queen [[Rosamund the Great]] Space Vehicle Assembly Site is one of the most important rocket and space shuttle assembly sites in the world.
House Hessius rules province Marenus . House Hessius rose quickly from nothingness to glory, when Magnus Is grandmothers sister, Gunilla II, was married to this relatively low family. Three generations later, during the reign of Julia I (who was daughter of Magnus Is brother) the monarchy was violently overthrown. This led to House Constantine dying out in Caltharus, but because of Gunilla IIs marriage, blood of Constantines now flowed within House Hessius. When Lambertus III returned to the country and took the crown of Caltharus, he married with the heir of house Hessius, because of the Constantine blood running in them. Ever since then house has been a major player in the inner politics of Caltharus. Even to this day they have ruled … without much competition. They have also made … the most important supplier of ships to the Caltharusian navy.


==Demographics==
'''House Letholdus '''
Kaltariezh has a population of 98,400,483 people and an average density of 156 people per square kilometer (403 people per square mile). The country has an equal distribution of males to females. 27% of the population live in rural areas while 73% live in urban areas, the largest of which include Rouanezkador, Cavenhelm and Aurus. People in Kaltariezh enjoy lifespans of 75 years on average for men and 78 years for women due to access to affordable and high quality health care. Due to education and urbanisation (especially of women) fertility stands at 1.6 births per women. Nonetheless, the population has continued to grow at a rate of 0.56% due to the influx of immigrants largely from former [[Salovia|Salovian]] countries especially [[Volova]] and [[Biramura]] due to competitive wages in high-demand low-skilled jobs.
[[File:Flag of lithuania (medieval).png|thumbnail|Emblem of House Letholdus]]
House Letholdus rules province Jomsgord, that was originally part of kingdom of Nocturne. Nocturne consisted of Jomsgord, Vorgord, Holmgord and Helgord and it had fought against Caltharus in multiple occasions before it was finally conquered in “musket wars” (1732-1776). Before that in that province had started a reformation of the '''Church of Gaius'''(Gaius means Urth) which also happened to be the main religion in Caltharus. During this reformation the religion reformed into the '''Pantheon of the shattered god'''. Even though the reformation started in Nocturne, it wasn’t the largest religion in there, Amon Baal was.


===Language===
The [[W:Breton language|Kaltareg language]] enjoys official status in Kaltariezh. Alongside [[Staynish]], it is the primary language of communication for the people. Various public amenities such as road signs are written in both Staynish and Kaltareg and both languages are taught in schools. The Royal Academy for the Kaltareg Language is responsible for the regulation and development of the Kaltareg language. Nevertheless, due to the popularisation of Staynish media and the importance of Staynish in international trade, commerce and diplomacy, Staynish has eclipsed Kaltareg in importance and number of speakers especially among the youth. The [[W:German language|Ethalrian language]] is spoken by a small number of people to the south and southeast. Immigrants speak Axdelian, [[W:Georgian language|Salovian]], [[W:Maori language|Oan]], [[Packilvanian]] and Komixemun, among others.


=== Religion===
'''Fallen houses'''
The most widely practiced religion is [[Thaerism]]. Furthermore, the overwhelming majority of Kaltariezh are members of a temple and observe various religious rites. Nevertheless, there is a relatively high proportion of the population that does not profess belief in a deity or afterlife and regular attendance of weekly religious services is fairly low and is declining precipitously. Other religions are practiced in the country such as Reformed Thaerism, [[Mauism]], [[Paxism]] and [[Verk'ohism]].


=== Species and ethnic groups===
The largest [[Bipedaliforma|sentient species]] by population are humans. Of this group, native Kaltariz comprise the overwhelming majority, following by the Staynish, Salovians, Ethalrians and [[Oan people|Oans]]. They are followed by Elves (who mostly comprise the Usprian ethnic group). They are followed distantly by [[Feline]]s, [[Nekomimi]] and [[Cava]]. Due to increasing intermingling of people of different cultures, people of mixed species and mixed ethnicity are becoming more prevalent.


=== Education===
'''House Nacara'''
Education in Kaltariezh is administered by the Department of Education of His Majesty's Government with provinces and large cities having oversight of schools and cities and towns administering early childhood development facilities. Kaltariezh has an adult literacy rate of 100% and its students repeatedly score well in the annual School-Leaving and University Entrance Examinations. Kaltariezh has over 3,267 universities, polytechnics and colleges which provide tertiary education to over 2,482,000 students annually. Over 38% of Kaltariz have a university degree. The most prestigious university is the University of Kazhezac which has ranked at the top of Kaltariz university ranking metrics for the past 10 years. Other prestigious schools include the University of Rouanezkador, University of Kemberporzh, the University of Cavenhelm, the University of Kazhezac and the University of Heizenva.


==Culture==
House Nacara was the original ruler family of Black mountains, but in 1408 a plot to get Eskrador under their rule failed and ultimately they were striped from their titles and provinces. Even so house Nacara didn’t surrender without a fight, but Black mountains were surrounded by now hostile provinces and their rulers. When the commander of their forces, Jorhan Ferrus, betrayed them it become clear that they couldn’t survive the following purge of rebels.


===Music ===
'''House Aquilus'''
Kaltariezh has a wide variety of musical influences. Modern genres of music include electronic dance music, pop, hip-hop and rap, R&B, rock, heavy metal, and jazz. The Solar Music House is the largest music publisher and record label in the country. Various musical artists from Kaltariezh feature prominently on the Aurora Hot 100 and Hot 200 music charts such Lil Dizzy, Katey B, the Sun Matyrs and Super Bass. The country has also spawned prolific composers and producers such as Marvin Gavey, William Monroe, Caster Loadstar, Madeleine Berkeley and Salazar Dean. The most prestigious award that celebrates Kaltariz music is the Maddy Award named in honour of Madeleine Berkeley which is awarded by the Royal Academy for Modern Music. Kaltariezh has historically been highly influential in the development of the Baroque and Renaissance styles of classical music, and its Thaerism religious chanting and hymns have been influential in the development of modern musical styles in that country and abroad.


===Food===
House Aquilus was appointed to rule province Korrius just after it was annexed along with the rest of Nukdaus. House Aquilus ruled Korrius for centuries, even during the reign of the republic they managed to hold on to their power. Most other great houses were stripped from most of their power during this reign. House Aquilus survived the best because they were cooperating with the new government. When Lambertus III returned and re-established the monarchy, house Aquilus was the only great house to resist them and fight together with the republic. After the loss of the republic and re-establishment of the monarchy king Lambertus III made them an example of what would happen to those who rebel (and so managed to easily to re-establish the monarchy).


===Fashion===
==Caltharusian persons of interest==
Kaltariezh is a major centre for modern fashion and high dress-making for Great Morstaybishlia. It has a professional high dress-making organisation known as the Royal Academy of Haute-Couture. Every autumn, the prestigious Rouanezkador Fashion Festival is held which features an exclusive invite-only list of fashion designers featuring bespoke artistic pieces. Various luxury fashion houses operate in Kaltariezh. Many dressmaking techniques such as whale-bone corsettery have remained alive and are preserved largely for tourism and niche consumers but have been experiencing gradual decline.

===Sports===
The Undersecretary of State for Kaltariezh: Sport, is an officer of the Office of Kaltariezh who heads up the Division on Sports and Recreation and is tasked with overseeing and developing sports. Kaltariezh is represented in the Great Morstaybishlia Sports and Aldanic Games association.

The most popular sport is table tennis, followed by Formula 1 racing, association football and cricket. The Kaltariz Table Tennis League attracts over 3 million viewers per game, and is the largest sports league by revenue and viewership followed by the Kaltariezh Football Cup. There are over 3,530 teams registered with the Kaltariz Table Tennis Association and 2,789 teams registered with the Kaltariz Football Association. Kaltariezh has fielded athletes for many editions of the [[Aldanic Games]].

===Architecture===
{{Multiple image
| image1 = Lincoln_Cathedral_viewed_from_Lincoln_Castle.jpg
| caption1 = Eskrador Cathedral, a Thaerist religious site that is also an [[ICHO]] International Heritage Site
| image2 = Schloss_Neuschwanstein_2013.jpg
| caption2 = Kimandar Castle, built in the Romantic style, is a also an [[ICHO]] International Heritage Site
}}
Kaltariezh features an architectural history that spans over 2000 years. The tallest modern structure in Kaltariezh is the KTN (Kaltariezh Telecommunications Network) Tower in Rouanezkador at 450m which was built in 2003. The tallest occupied building in Kaltariezh is the Ferrus Tower which was built by [[Ferrus Industries]] in 2008 in the city of [[Aurus]] which has a height of 389m. Nevertheless, Kaltariezh has been relatively conservative (for instance compared to Staynes) in the construction of skyscrapers due to the high density of historic buildings and the conservative attitudes surrounding historical sites.


Kaltariezh has over 1,570 castle, 27,991 temples and 256 palaces. The largest palace in the country is the Formira Summer Palace built by Queen [[Florence II]] in 1843 as a summer residence for the Royal Family in the Baroque style. The Fort Rock Citadel is a defensive fortification and former military base built by King [[Gustav II]] in 1730 that was emblematic of the Stoicist style of that era and is by far the largest such castle in the country. The Eskrador Cathedral was built in 1478 by King Lambertus III and serves as the largest and tallest Kaltariz cathedral with a bell tower that has a height of 67m and it was built in the Late Gothic style. Kaltariezh has 8 sites that are recognised by ICHO as International Heritage Sites which include the aforementioned three as well as Gorfolk Plinth (paleolithic rock structures), Kimandar Castle built in the Romantic style and being the inspiration for fairytale castles and the Doornstein Palace built by king Redmund III in 1238.
[[Lambertus VII]], Sovereign. [[Otto Von Hessius]], Grand Marshall of the Eastern Armies [[Lucas Brom]], Director of Morstaybishlian Intelligence Bureau (MIB). [[Cassius Custodian]], Commander of the 1st Fast Response Division. [[Finnur Urquhart]], Speaker of the House of Lords. [[Jakob Irons]], CEO of [[Ferrus industries]].


=== Public holidays===
[[Category:Nations]] [[Category:The East Pacific]] [[Category:Aurora]]
Kaltariezh observes all the public holidays that are observed in Great Morstaybishlia, but they also observe days unique to Kaltariezh:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Day
!Date
!Purpose
|-
|Julius Day
| 15 May
|Celebrates the birth of Oanez in Kazhezac in the year 345 [[Common Era calendar|CE]], who was instrumental in the proliferation of [[Thaerism]] through her writings, preaching and supernatural miracles.
|-
|Crown Day
| 29 December
|Celebrates formation of the United Kingdom of Staynes and Kaltariezh in 1515
|-
|}
[[Category:Nations]]
[[Category:The East Pacific]]
[[Category:Aurora]]

Latest revision as of 06:02, 20 January 2024

Kaltariezh

Kaltaria (Staynish)
Flag of Kaltariezh
Flag of Kaltariezh
Banniel Kaltariezh
Motto: Honour, Loyalty and Knowledge
Unahelded, Lealded hag Gouiziegezh
Anthem: March of the Kaltariz People
Kanaouenn Gwerin-Kaltariezh
LocationMap
Capital
and largest city
Rouanezkador
Official languageKaltareg
Recognised regional languagesStaynish
Ethnic groups
(2023)
Demonym(s)Kaltariz, Kaltarian
GovernmentUnitary liberal parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy
• King (Roue)
Lambertus VII
• Secretary of State (Sikraterlezh ar Stad)
Kellie Fross
LegislatureParliament of Great Morstaybishlia
House of Peers
House of Representatives
Area
• Total
1,771,150 km2 (683,840 sq mi)
Population
• 2023 estimate
98,400,403
• Density
96/km2 (248.6/sq mi)
GDP (nominal)2017 estimate
• Total
3.245 trillion KRB
• Per capita
31,000 KRB
Gini (2022)29.6
low
SDI (2022)Increase 0.8
very high
CurrencyKirib (♅/KRB)
Date formatDD/MM/YYYY
Driving sideleft
ISO 3166 codeKAL
Internet TLD.mbe
Today part ofGreat Morstaybishlia

Kaltariezh, known predominantly by the its historical staynified name Kaltaria is a constituent country of the Imperial Kingdom of Great Morstaybishlia. Located in Northern Aurora, it neighbours Staynes to the west, North Ethalria to the south, Marislia to the east and both the Morstaybishlian Sea, Tivot and Blueacia to the north.

Boasting a rich history of culture, the Bishec states formed the basis of elvish and cava civilisation as we know it after the Great Vanishing some three thousand years ago, expanding and contracting several times before a period of unification in the 11th century, forming modern Kaltariezh. Cava and elvish populations would be outcompeted by the descendent human population of Estenes, and by the mid 13th century saw the end of its last non-human ruling dynasty. Forming an empire by the early 15th century after expansionism into the Cerenerian Ocean, the Kaltariezh Empire (Kaltarimpalaeriezh) settled and then colonised the Inizi Reterdelien by 1424 (what is today the westermost islands in the Morstaybishlian Cerenerian Territories) and Jusdelva by 1483.

Kaltariezh would enter a period of civil war in 1497 between two members of the Cadoret dynasty vying for control of the throne. Both Kirus and Azenor controlled vast armies and had a relatively equal claim to the throne. In 1501, Azenor married Lambertus III of Staynes, and combining their forced won the Kaltariz Civil War by 1505. Lambertus and Azenor's son, Lambertus IV, would inherit rule of the Staynish-Kaltariezh Empire and unified them politically in 1515, forming Morstaybishlia. Kaltariezh contributed to the expansion of Morstaybishlia through the Western Auroran Crusades from 1523 to 1575 which saw the defeat and annexation of the Kormistazic Empire. Beyond Aurora-proper, Kaltariezh contributed to the expansion of Morstaybishlia starting with the establishment of colonies in Arcturia, Gondwana, and the Oan Isles.

Following the Posolic Wars of the 19th century, Kaltariezh was forced to cede territory to the Ethalrian Empire and Biramura. Slavery declined after the Second Morsto-Oan War in the mid-19th century and abolished altogether throughout the Morstaybishlian Empire including in Kaltariezh following the signing of the Great Charter of the Liberties in 1917. Kaltariezh regained the territories which had been ceded to Ethalria following the Auroran Imperial War. The country was heavily invaded and suffered severe bombardment during the Auroran-Cerenerian War. Kaltariezh is scheduled to relinquish the Marislian region no later than 2025 following the 2022 Marislia independence referendum. Today, Kaltariezh is governed directly by His Majesty’s Government (via a Minister in the Cabinet of Great Morstaybishlia) with the Parliament of Great Morstaybishlia wielding legislative authority over the nation. Nevertheless, it maintains a distinct legal system and its provinces have limited decision-making power over local affairs.

Kaltariezh is an upper income post-industrial consumption-led developed economy (according to the Auroran Monetary Fund) that has a GDP of rough 3.2 trillion KRB and a GDP per capita of approximately 31,000 KRB. It is a major manufacturing and financial services hub, being the home of major corporations such as Ferrus Industries. With its generally mild climate and minerally well-endowed geography, the country is highly biologically diverse and its varying landscape provide for the cultivation of wine-grade grapes. The country performs well in metrics of liveability and governance, but it does have a fairly high incarcerated population and above average levels of crime.

Etymology

It is believed the name Kaltar derives from the name Culotoutar given by the Aberbish civilisation who spoke Proto-Usprian over three thousand years ago. Culo has toponymic meaning, which is "a nook", "a retreat" or "an out of the way place", most likely referring to the civilisation spawning on the west coast of the Dovian Cape. The sound followed similar linguistic changes pertaining to its meaning, evolving into kul by the first millennium BCE, and then mutating into kal by the 8th century. This deviates from the actual spelling of the word which in modern Kaltareg is kil.

The next part, touta, means "people", with the second t becoming weaker over time, often being replaced by a softer d. The second consonant mostly vanished by the first millenium BCE, at which point it was recorded under several spelling variants, most notably Kultouar, and rarely Kultudar. The suffix is believed to be the definitive article -ar, which means "the", though it is unexplained why this appears as a suffix as it usually precedes a word, phrase or toponymic cognate. If this is the case, the full name translates to "the people of the nook".

The name was codified in the 9th century, formally becoming Kaltar. All other spellings phased out shortly after. The suffix -iezh came by the 11th century, coming from the earlier -edh and denotes a sense of nationhood. In a sense, it is very similar to the Staynish suffix -ia, from which the staynified name Kaltaria derives.

History

Marislian Secession

In 2019, the Kaltariz region around Kastell Nozvezh experienced 2 major natural disasters: a heatwave which caused immense wildfires as well as an earthquake that resulted in dozens of deaths. Months later, the government of Walter Johannes announced that as apart of financial reshuffle, the government would significantly reduce the budget for the region. This gave rise to the defeat of his party the Principles during the 2019 general election, which saw the ascension of the Progress Party and Franklin Barvata to power. Professor of Political Science at the University of Kazhezac, Vivienne Avauntis theorised in her book titled Circumstance and Opportunity: the Makings of Revolution, that the actions of the state would encourage revolutions in areas of the country prone to seeking greater independence and autonomy chief among which were Marislia, Joralesia and South Staynes.

Her words were seemingly prophetic as terrorist attacks described by commentators at the largest attacks that Great Morstaybishlia had hirtheto experienced in over 100 years were perpetrated on 25 July 2020. Unidentified terrorists attacked two sites, one in Delgedatter in Barbarus Province and another in Khauser, that caused the deaths of 136 people and destroyed millions of Kiribs worth of infrastructure. The government placed the provinces of Laulia, Aurus, Barbarus, Nocturne and Jomsgord on lock down and stationed military and police personnel on the streets.

Another attack was perpetraded on 22 August 2020 giving rise to increased military presence and blame being placed on the government and the Morstaybishlian Intelligence Bureau for failing to apprehend the people responsible. The restrictions imposed on the people of Eastern Kaltariezh as well as the previous natural disasters and financial constraints placed on them, precipitated increased disaffection with the government and fomented calls from leading social commentators and groups for a reevaluation of the role that Eastern Kaltariezh played in Morstaybishlia such as the Self Determination Research Group which published a paper supporting greater autonomy for Eastern Kaltariezh.

Despite announcing trade and diplomatic agreements with various countries, the government was heavily criticised by opposition parties and civil society organisations for focusing on foreign relations instead of addressing salient security concerns on the ground. Hostility against the government was exacerbated by the passage of an Anti-Terrorism Act which sought to give the government more power to control information and movement, to arrest people and access private information, all in the name of national security. This antipathy was especially prevalent in Eastern Kaltariezh which bore the brunt of the attacks and the governments security schemes. On January 2021, Remis Posol, head of Posol Industries and husband to Chancellor of Biramura, Lady Posol, was shot down over Kaltariezh by a guided missile launched from Biramura.

Protests against the government's mishandling of the security situation and the demands for independence ensued across eastern Kaltariezh. Some protests turned into rioting with police arresting over 50 people in Nocturne alone.

Following the 2021 general election, Progress lost 47 seats in the Parliament of Great Morstaybishlia but retained a governing majority while the Marislian Independence Party (MARIP) won nearly 40% of the seats in the Marislian provinces (i.e., provinces east of the Ider River). As part of their campaign to delegitimize the authority of His Majesty’s Government over Marislia and to protest how South Staynes (thenceforth known as Valeria) had been granted an independence referendum, but Marislia had not, MARIP refused to take their seats. Following the 2021 Joralesian attacks in which Prime Minister Franklin Barvata was incapacitated, newly appointed caretaker Prime Minister and First Secretary of State Riannar Karmer announced on 22 August 2022 that Progress was planning on introducing legislation to organize referendum to vote on the independence of Marislia. MARIP decided to take their seats so that they could vote for the Marislia Independence Referendum Act 2021.

On 31 December 2021, it was announced that 50.005% of the population of the Kaltariz provinces east of the Aberbish known as Marislia had voted to be independent from Great Morstaybishlia. Following that announcement, protests sparked in the cities of Kastell Nozvezh and Laverac and against seceding from Great Morstaybishlia. Those cities had on average 83% of their residents voting to remain in the country. On 1 February 2022, it was announced that Marislia would secede no later than 1 January 2025. Protests lasted over a money, with anywhere from a third to two third of the population in those cities protesting against the secession.

Politics and government

His Majesty, King Lambertus VII of Great Morstaybishlia, head of state and commander-in-chief
The Profound Estimable, Kellie Fross, Secretary of State for Kaltariezh and member of Parliament for Achavey

The politics of Kaltariezh take place in the framework of a parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy. The King of Great Morstaybishlia, currently Lambertus IV, is the head of state and head of government. The Parliament of Great Morstaybishlia has the power to make laws for Great Morstaybishlia including Kaltariezh (in which it is represented by approximately x members of Parliament). Kaltariezh does not have its own devolved government. The incumbent Prime Minister, Franklin Barvata originates from and represents a constituency in Kaltariezh. Following the secession of Marislia from Great Morstaybishlia, the number of seats allocated to Kaltariezh in the Parliament were reduced.

The Secretary of State for Kaltariezh, currently Kellie Fross, is a member of the Cabinet of Great Morstaybishlia who is responsible for representing the interests of Kaltariezh in the Cabinet and administering executive authority in Kaltariezh. She was appointed by the King on the advice of the Prime Minister of Great Morstaybishlia. She is a member of the Progress Party (representing the Achavey constituency in the Parliament of Great Morstaybishlia) and succeeded Fredmund Constanine following her appointment to that post on 16 April 2021 as part of the Second Barvata ministry following the 2021 General Election. She oversees the Department of Kaltariz Affairs which administers government functions for Kaltariezh.

The provinces which compose Kaltariezh have councils whose members represented constituencies and are elected by ranked-choice run-off voting. The Provincial Councils have the power to make decisions over local matters such as schools, hospitals and clinics, abattoirs, liquor licenses etc. Each province has a Chairperson elected by its members and they tend to make decisions by majority vote and its members serve full-time.

In contrast, the municipalities have a Mayor elected directly by the population who appoints a council that runs the daily affairs of the municipalities where a Municipal Council comprised of part-time councillors of whom some represent Wards and others are appointed by parties via proportional seats. Municipalities provide public services and make decisions on matters such as traffic lights, garbage pick-up, storm drains, building permits and zoning etc. In some cities, the Mayor will appoint a professional civil servant known as the City Manager who handles the administrative and managerial decisions and running of the city while the Mayor and the Mayoral Council develop policy and supervise the running of the city. Some cities such as Rouanezkador, Aurus and Cavenhelm have been delegated power over matters reserved for the central and provincial governments such as policing, hospitals and schools.

The so-called Great Houses of Kaltariezh, are historic families which once ruled over small teritorries in Kaltariezh and comprise the nobility of Kaltariezh. Following its unification and subsequent domination by Great Morstaybishlia, the houses became aristocratic lords who controlled fiefs in the Kings name. Over time, their power and political significance has waned drastically yet they remain relevant because they send hereditary peers to the House of Peers and exercise considerable cultural, economic and philathropic influence.

Law and crime

The legal system of Kaltariezh takes place in the framework of a civil and common law system. The criminal justice system is inquisitorial whereby His Majesty's Procuratorate is responsible for investigating cases and presenting evidence on behalf pf the courts. The criminal justice system follows a set of Criminal Law Codes that stipulate matters of criminal law and offer little room to Kaltariz justices to interpret or develop judicial precedent. In contrast, the civil law system follows a common law system whereby substantial case law is developed via judicial precedent. Furthermore, it follows an adversarial system whereby parties to a case present evidence and arguments to an impartial judge.

The highest court in Great Morstaybishlia is the Supreme Court of Great Morstaybishlia (which is de jure the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council) thus all cases arising from courts in Kaltariezh can be appealed to it. The highest court in Kaltariezh is the Conclave. The Conclave is appointed by the King on the advice of the Prime Minister of Great Morstaybishlia following consultations with an independent professional judicial appointments advisory committee. The Conclave consists of 9 justice and is seated in Rouanezkador. Beneath the Conclave are various other courts responsible with general and specialised jurisdiction over criminal and civil cases within their respective jurisdictions. Cases from these courts can be appealed to the Conclave, whose decisions have binding effect on all courts in Kaltariezh except where superseded by the Supreme Court.

His Majesty's Kaltariz Police Service is the primary organ of law enforcement except in large cities such as Rouanezkador which have their own police departments. As with the rest of Great Morstaybishlia, the Royal Prison Service is responsible for maintaining and operating prisons, the largest of which is King Gustav II Correctional Facility with 3,245 inmates. Kaltariezh has a rate of 1.8 intentional culpable senticide per 100,000 people and a total prison population of 287,500. Capital punishment continues to be utilized but incidence of its use is declining, with 23 executions being conducted since 2000 CE.

Administrative divisions

Political map of the provinces comprising Kaltariezh

Kaltariezh consists of provinces which are further subdivided into municipalities. Provinces and municipalities are responsible for administering public services and executing laws as mandated by the central and state-level governments. Further local representation is provided by counties in rural municipalities and boroughs in city municipalities.

The provinces of Kaltariezh are as follows:

  • Donomere
  • Langamere
  • Ecaltus
  • Prosperro
  • Korrius
  • Silvere
  • Marenus
  • Oglota
  • Tandar
  • Khawton
  • Dogruria
  • Boscowia
  • Nukdausia
  • Dovia
  • Forchmech
  • Calthia

Economy

Rouanezkador central business district skyline, home of Ferrus Industries and other major Kaltariz firms
The Terminal C Container Facility of the Port of Rouanezkador, the largest port in Kaltariezh by volume

The economy of Kaltariezh takes place as a free-market capitalist economy with social welfare. Kaltariezh has a nominal GDP of 3.234 trillion KRB and a nominal GDP per capita of 31,520 KRB. It uses the Kirib (KRB) as legal tender as monetary policy is under the control of the Kalmington Parliament which ceded much of that power to the Auroran Central Bank. Nevertheless, the Bank of Staynes retains various functions such as oversight of the Kaltariz banking system. Inflation holds at the UNAC average of approximately 2% to 3%.

Kaltariezh is characterised as an upper income developed post-industrial economy with relatively low levels of unemployment (approximtely 5%). Trade with other constituent countries of Great Morstaybishlia and overseas dependencies of the Morstaybishlian Empire comprises over 75% of its trade volumes. 15% to 20% flows to the United Nations of the Auroran Continent (UNAC). The remaining 10% to 5% of trade is with Packilvania, the League of Novaris, Peregrinia and the Union of Commonwealth Alliances.

Over 62% of the Kaltariz economy consists of the services sector especially in areas such as information technology services, financial services, and tourism. The manufacturing sector comprises another 21% of the economy of which industrial machinery, vehicles, scientific equipment, arms manufacturing and shipbuilding comprise a substantial portion. The mining sector comprises 9% of the economy, producing metallurgical silicon, ferrous metals and coal. The smallest part of the economy consists of agriculture with contributes 4% of the economy namely in the production of wine, timber, grains, meat, and fruits.

Infrastructure

Kaltariezh has a highly developed infrastructure system. It has 24,700km of railway, which include over 2,567km of high-speed rail. The longest and most profitable line, the Tarov-Ankowkad line spans from Ankowkad, passing through Kazhezac, Rouanezkador, Urvanma, Kêrtraezh and into Tivot where it ends at Tarov. The railway system is run by three companies: Royal Kaltariezh Railways, Transrail and Kaltariezh Train Service. Many cities have trams and subways lines especially the larger and more densely populated cities. Kaltariezh is in the process of integrating its network to the continental network to make it easier to travel across borders. Most notably the Rouanezkador Karinthus line provides direct customs free travel between Kaltariezh and North Ethalria. The country has 1,250,000km of road which includes the extensive Kaltariezh Highway Network which connects to the Great Morstaybishlia Network which in turn connects to the continental network.

Kaltariezh has a mix of energy source which includes 25% natural gas, 23% coal, 19% nuclear power, 17% hydroelectric power, and 16% other renewable energy sources which has enabled Kaltariezh to exceed its emissions targets despite being a producer of fossil fuels. The Kaltariezh grid is connected with the rest of the continent allowing for it to sell power to surrounding nations and rely on their power in emergencies. The largest airport in the country is the Rouanezkador International Airport, which receives over 2 million passengers annually. Kaltariezh benefits from an extensive broadband network which facilitates average Internet speeds of 34MB per second. The Port of Rouanezkador is one of the largest ports in the world in terms of container volumes.

Science and technology

Kaltariezh has been home to inventors and scientists for hundreds of years who have shaped the world. Kaltariz scientist Rima Elasar was heavily involved in the development of cable television. Christopher Rheun was heavily involved in the development of the telegram. Didier Wallace was also instrumental in the development of modern spectroscopy and his work contributed to the discovery of distant planets and stars. Bellice Sauldraham was instrumental in the development of treatments to combat diahrreal diseases while Emily Quillton was heavily instrumental in the discovery of polymerase chain reactions and her work revolutionised the understanding of organic chemistry.

The Royal Kaltariz Society for Mathematics and Natural Sciences awards the prestigious King Thadeus II Prize in Chemistry to leading voices in the sector. Kaltariezh is home to the Houghton Emerson National Laboratory in Newton-Herring which is one of the largest particle physics research centers in the world, rivalling the Soltan Nuclear Fusion Laboratory in Axdel. The Morganston Nuclear Research Laboratory in Kazhezac has been instrumental in the nuclear weapons research of Great Morstaybishlia and has contributed to the discovery of chemotherapy. The Queen Rosamund the Great Space Vehicle Assembly Site is one of the most important rocket and space shuttle assembly sites in the world.

Demographics

Kaltariezh has a population of 98,400,483 people and an average density of 156 people per square kilometer (403 people per square mile). The country has an equal distribution of males to females. 27% of the population live in rural areas while 73% live in urban areas, the largest of which include Rouanezkador, Cavenhelm and Aurus. People in Kaltariezh enjoy lifespans of 75 years on average for men and 78 years for women due to access to affordable and high quality health care. Due to education and urbanisation (especially of women) fertility stands at 1.6 births per women. Nonetheless, the population has continued to grow at a rate of 0.56% due to the influx of immigrants largely from former Salovian countries especially Volova and Biramura due to competitive wages in high-demand low-skilled jobs.

Language

The Kaltareg language enjoys official status in Kaltariezh. Alongside Staynish, it is the primary language of communication for the people. Various public amenities such as road signs are written in both Staynish and Kaltareg and both languages are taught in schools. The Royal Academy for the Kaltareg Language is responsible for the regulation and development of the Kaltareg language. Nevertheless, due to the popularisation of Staynish media and the importance of Staynish in international trade, commerce and diplomacy, Staynish has eclipsed Kaltareg in importance and number of speakers especially among the youth. The Ethalrian language is spoken by a small number of people to the south and southeast. Immigrants speak Axdelian, Salovian, Oan, Packilvanian and Komixemun, among others.

Religion

The most widely practiced religion is Thaerism. Furthermore, the overwhelming majority of Kaltariezh are members of a temple and observe various religious rites. Nevertheless, there is a relatively high proportion of the population that does not profess belief in a deity or afterlife and regular attendance of weekly religious services is fairly low and is declining precipitously. Other religions are practiced in the country such as Reformed Thaerism, Mauism, Paxism and Verk'ohism.

Species and ethnic groups

The largest sentient species by population are humans. Of this group, native Kaltariz comprise the overwhelming majority, following by the Staynish, Salovians, Ethalrians and Oans. They are followed by Elves (who mostly comprise the Usprian ethnic group). They are followed distantly by Felines, Nekomimi and Cava. Due to increasing intermingling of people of different cultures, people of mixed species and mixed ethnicity are becoming more prevalent.

Education

Education in Kaltariezh is administered by the Department of Education of His Majesty's Government with provinces and large cities having oversight of schools and cities and towns administering early childhood development facilities. Kaltariezh has an adult literacy rate of 100% and its students repeatedly score well in the annual School-Leaving and University Entrance Examinations. Kaltariezh has over 3,267 universities, polytechnics and colleges which provide tertiary education to over 2,482,000 students annually. Over 38% of Kaltariz have a university degree. The most prestigious university is the University of Kazhezac which has ranked at the top of Kaltariz university ranking metrics for the past 10 years. Other prestigious schools include the University of Rouanezkador, University of Kemberporzh, the University of Cavenhelm, the University of Kazhezac and the University of Heizenva.

Culture

Music

Kaltariezh has a wide variety of musical influences. Modern genres of music include electronic dance music, pop, hip-hop and rap, R&B, rock, heavy metal, and jazz. The Solar Music House is the largest music publisher and record label in the country. Various musical artists from Kaltariezh feature prominently on the Aurora Hot 100 and Hot 200 music charts such Lil Dizzy, Katey B, the Sun Matyrs and Super Bass. The country has also spawned prolific composers and producers such as Marvin Gavey, William Monroe, Caster Loadstar, Madeleine Berkeley and Salazar Dean. The most prestigious award that celebrates Kaltariz music is the Maddy Award named in honour of Madeleine Berkeley which is awarded by the Royal Academy for Modern Music. Kaltariezh has historically been highly influential in the development of the Baroque and Renaissance styles of classical music, and its Thaerism religious chanting and hymns have been influential in the development of modern musical styles in that country and abroad.

Food

Fashion

Kaltariezh is a major centre for modern fashion and high dress-making for Great Morstaybishlia. It has a professional high dress-making organisation known as the Royal Academy of Haute-Couture. Every autumn, the prestigious Rouanezkador Fashion Festival is held which features an exclusive invite-only list of fashion designers featuring bespoke artistic pieces. Various luxury fashion houses operate in Kaltariezh. Many dressmaking techniques such as whale-bone corsettery have remained alive and are preserved largely for tourism and niche consumers but have been experiencing gradual decline.

Sports

The Undersecretary of State for Kaltariezh: Sport, is an officer of the Office of Kaltariezh who heads up the Division on Sports and Recreation and is tasked with overseeing and developing sports. Kaltariezh is represented in the Great Morstaybishlia Sports and Aldanic Games association.

The most popular sport is table tennis, followed by Formula 1 racing, association football and cricket. The Kaltariz Table Tennis League attracts over 3 million viewers per game, and is the largest sports league by revenue and viewership followed by the Kaltariezh Football Cup. There are over 3,530 teams registered with the Kaltariz Table Tennis Association and 2,789 teams registered with the Kaltariz Football Association. Kaltariezh has fielded athletes for many editions of the Aldanic Games.

Architecture

Eskrador Cathedral, a Thaerist religious site that is also an ICHO International Heritage Site
Kimandar Castle, built in the Romantic style, is a also an ICHO International Heritage Site

Kaltariezh features an architectural history that spans over 2000 years. The tallest modern structure in Kaltariezh is the KTN (Kaltariezh Telecommunications Network) Tower in Rouanezkador at 450m which was built in 2003. The tallest occupied building in Kaltariezh is the Ferrus Tower which was built by Ferrus Industries in 2008 in the city of Aurus which has a height of 389m. Nevertheless, Kaltariezh has been relatively conservative (for instance compared to Staynes) in the construction of skyscrapers due to the high density of historic buildings and the conservative attitudes surrounding historical sites.

Kaltariezh has over 1,570 castle, 27,991 temples and 256 palaces. The largest palace in the country is the Formira Summer Palace built by Queen Florence II in 1843 as a summer residence for the Royal Family in the Baroque style. The Fort Rock Citadel is a defensive fortification and former military base built by King Gustav II in 1730 that was emblematic of the Stoicist style of that era and is by far the largest such castle in the country. The Eskrador Cathedral was built in 1478 by King Lambertus III and serves as the largest and tallest Kaltariz cathedral with a bell tower that has a height of 67m and it was built in the Late Gothic style. Kaltariezh has 8 sites that are recognised by ICHO as International Heritage Sites which include the aforementioned three as well as Gorfolk Plinth (paleolithic rock structures), Kimandar Castle built in the Romantic style and being the inspiration for fairytale castles and the Doornstein Palace built by king Redmund III in 1238.

Public holidays

Kaltariezh observes all the public holidays that are observed in Great Morstaybishlia, but they also observe days unique to Kaltariezh:

Day Date Purpose
Julius Day 15 May Celebrates the birth of Oanez in Kazhezac in the year 345 CE, who was instrumental in the proliferation of Thaerism through her writings, preaching and supernatural miracles.
Crown Day 29 December Celebrates formation of the United Kingdom of Staynes and Kaltariezh in 1515