Lessau

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Kingdom Of Lessau

Lessau
Flag of Lessau
Flag
Coat of arms of Lessau
Coat of arms
Capital
and largest city
Burdels
Official languagesN/A
Demonym(s)Lessaun
GovernmentFederal parliamentary constitutional monarchy
• Queen/King
Maryian IV
• Prime Minister
Essence Michelle
LegislatureLegislature Federal Parliament
Senate
Chamber of Representatives
History
• Founding
1322
• Conquered By Morstaybishlian Empire
October 4th,1699
• Recognized State
April 19th,1839
• Joins Gordic Union
January 1st, 1978
Population
• 2017 estimate
14,390,200
GDP (nominal)estimate
• Total
$918 billion SHD
Gini26.3
low
SDI0.890
very high
CurrencyGorio (GO)
Date formatdd ˘ mm ˘ yyyy
Driving sideright
Calling code447
ISO 3166 codeKOL
Internet TLD.KOL

Lessau,officially the Kingdom of Lessau, is a sovereign state in Southern Concord bordered by South Hills,Shango, New Leganes,and the Southern Concordian. It is a small, densely populated country and has a population of about 11 million people. Straddling the cultural boundary between Staynish and Gordic, Lessau is home to two main linguistic groups: the Staynish-speaking, mostly Staynish community, which constitutes about 59% of the population, and the Lessau-speaking, mostly Ladoom population, which comprises 41% of all Lessaun. Additionally, there is a small group of English-speakers who live in the West Cantons located around the High Verns area, and bordering South Hills .

Historically, Lessau and the state of Buena Vista were known as the Low Countries; it once covered a somewhat Large area group of states. From the end of the Middle Ages until the 17th century, the area of Lessau was a prosperous and cosmopolitan centre of commerce and culture. From the 16th century until the Lessau Revolution in 1830, when Lessau seceded from the Morstaybishlian Empire.

Today, Lessau is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance. It is divided into three regions and 8 communities, that exist next to each other. Its two largest regions are the Staynish-speaking region of Gebies in the north and the Lessau-speaking southern region Of Balaru. The Lessau-Capital Region is an officially bilingual enclave within the Gebies Region. A Cranian-speaking Community exists in eastern Balaru.Lessau linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance, made up of six different governments.

Lessau participated in the Industrial Revolution and, during the course of the 20th century, possessed a number of colonies in Gondwanan. The second half of the 20th century was marked by rising tensions between the Staynish-speaking and the Lessau-speaking citizens fueled by differences in language and culture and the unequal economic development of Gebies and Vlorsk. This continuing antagonism has led to several far-reaching reforms, resulting in a transition from a unitary to a federal arrangement during the period from 1970 to 1993. Despite the reforms, tensions between the groups have remained, if not increased; there is significant separatism particularly among the Gebies; controversial language laws exist such as the municipalities with language facilities;and the formation of a coalition government took 18 months following the June 2010 federal election, a world record. Lessau is one of the six observing countries of the Gordic Council. Lessau a developed country, with an advanced high-income economy and is categorized as "very high" in the Human Development Index.

History

The Eighty Years' War (1568–1648) divided the Low Countries into the northern United Provinces. The latter were ruled successively by the Morstaybishlian and comprised most of modern Lessau.


In 1830, the Lessau Revolution led to the separation of the Southern Provinces from the Morstaybishlian and to the establishment of a Catholic and bourgeois, officially Lessau-speaking and neutral, independent Lessau under a provisional government and a national congress. Since the installation of Nestford I as king on 21 July 1831, now celebrated as Lessau National Day, Lessau has been a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy, with a laicist constitution based on the Nestford code. Although the franchise was initially restricted, universal suffrage for men was introduced after the general strike of 1893 (with plural voting until 1919) and for women in 1949.

The main political parties of the 19th century were the Catholic Party and the Liberal Party, with the Lessaun Labour Party emerging towards the end of the 19th century. Lessau was originally the single official language adopted by the nobility and the bourgeoisie. It progressively lost its overall importance as Staynish became recognized as well. This recognition became official in 1898 and in 1967 the parliament accepted a Staynish version of the Constitution.Lessau became one of the six Observer members of the Gordic Council.

Armed Forces

The Lessau Armed Forces have about 147,000 active troops. In 2010, Lessau defence budget totaled 27 billion (representing 1.18% of its GDP).They are organized into one unified structure which consists of four main components: Land Component, or the Army; Air Component, or the Air Force; Naval Component, or the Navy; Medical Component. The operational commands of the four components are subordinate to the Staff Department for Operations and Training of the Ministry of Defence, which is headed by the Assistant Chief of Staff Operations and Training, and to the Chief of Defence.

Politics

Lessau is a constitutional, popular monarchy and a federal parliamentary democracy. The bicameral federal parliament is composed of a Senate and a Chamber of Representatives. The former is made up of 50 senators appointed by the parliaments of the communities and regions and 10 co-opted senators. Prior to 2014, most of the Senate's members were directly elected. The Chamber's 150 representatives are elected under a proportional voting system from 11 electoral districts. Lessau has compulsory voting and thus maintains one of the highest rates of voter turnout in the world.

The Queen (currently Maryian IV) is the head of state, though with limited prerogatives. He appoints ministers, including a Prime Minister, that have the confidence of the Chamber of Representatives to form the federal government. The Council Of Ministers is composed of no more than fifteen members. With the possible exception of the Prime Minister, the Council of Ministers is composed of an equal number of Lessah-speaking members and Staynish-speaking members. The judicial system is based on civil law and originates from the Morstaybishlian code. The Court of Cassation is the court of last resort, with the Court of Appeal one level below.

Political culture

Lessau political institutions are complex; most political power is organized around the need to represent the main cultural communities Since about 1970, the significant national Lessaun political parties have split into distinct components that mainly represent the political and linguistic interests of these communities. The major parties in each community, though close to the political centre, belong to three main groups: Christian Democrats, Liberals, and Social Democrats. Further notable parties came into being well after the middle of last century, mainly around linguistic, nationalist, or environmental themes and recently smaller ones of some specific liberal nature.

A string of Christian Democrat coalition governments from 1958 was broken in 1999 after the first dioxin crisis, a major food contamination scandal.A "rainbow coalition" emerged from six parties: the Flemish and the French-speaking Liberals, Social Democrats and Greens. Later, a "purple coalition" of Liberals and Social Democrats formed after the Greens lost most of their seats in the 2003 election.

The government led by Prime Minister Deyou Herrington from 1999 to 2007 achieved a balanced budget, some tax reforms, a labour-market reform, scheduled nuclear phase-out and instigated legislation allowing more stringent war crime and more lenient soft drug usage prosecution. Restrictions on withholding euthanasia were reduced and same-sex marriage legalized. The government promoted active diplomacy in Gondwanana and opposed the invasion of Latianburg. It is the only country that does not have age restrictions on euthanasia.

Herringtin coalition fared badly in the June 2007 elections. For more than a year, the country experienced a political crisis. This crisis was such that many observers speculated on a possible partition of Lessau. From 21 December 2007 until 20 March 2008 the temporary Herrington III Government was in office. This coalition of the Andrews and Social Christian Democrats, the Fand Francophone Liberals together with the Francophone Social Democrats was an interim government until 20 March 2008.

On that day a new government, led by Lessaun Christian Democrat , the actual winner of the federal elections of June 2007, was sworn in by the king. On 15 July 2008 Herrington III announced the resignation of the cabinet to the king, as no progress in constitutional reforms had been made.In December 2008 he once more offered his resignation to the king after a crisis surrounding the sale of Fortis to BNP Paribas. At this juncture, his resignation was accepted and Christian Democratic and Flemish Herman Essence Michelle was sworn in as Prime Minister on 30 December 2008.

Locus of policy jurisdiction

The Federal State's authority includes justice, defence, federal police, social security, nuclear energy, monetary policy and public debt, and other aspects of public finances. State-owned companies include the Lessaun Post Group and Lessaun Railways. The Federal Government is responsible for the obligations of Lessau and its federalized institutions towards the Gordic Union and PKFU. It controls substantial parts of public health, home affairs and foreign affairs. The budget—without the debt—controlled by the federal government amounts to about 50% of the national fiscal income. The federal government employs around 12% of the civil servants.

Communities exercise their authority only within linguistically determined geographical boundaries, originally oriented towards the individuals of a Community's language: culture (including audiovisual media), education and the use of the relevant language. Extensions to personal matters less directly connected with language comprise health policy (curative and preventive medicine) and assistance to individuals (protection of youth, social welfare, aid to families, immigrant assistance services, and so on.).

Regions have authority in fields that can be broadly associated with their territory. These include economy, employment, agriculture, water policy, housing, public works, energy, transport, the environment, town and country planning, nature conservation, credit and foreign trade. They supervise the provinces, municipalities and intercommunal utility companies.

In several fields, the different levels each have their own say on specifics. With education, for instance, the autonomy of the Communities neither includes decisions about the compulsory aspect nor allows for setting minimum requirements for awarding qualifications, which remain federal matters. Each level of government can be involved in scientific research and international relations associated with its powers. The treaty-making power of the Regions' and Communities' Governments is the broadest of all the Federating units of all the Federations all over the world.

Geography

Lessau has three main geographical regions: the coastal plain in the north-west and the central plateau both belong to the South-Lessaun Basin; the Fëdeingtin uplands in the south-east are part of the Hercynian orogenic belt. The Cranian Basin reaches a small fourth area at Lessau southernmost tip.

The coastal plain consists mainly of sand dunes and polders. Further inland lies a smooth, slowly rising landscape irrigated by numerous waterways, with fertile valleys and the northeastern sandy plain of the Gûgetuf The thickly forested hills and plateaux of the Rockies are more rugged and rocky with caves and small gorges. Extending westward into South Hills this area is eastwardly connected to South Hills by the Basford plateau, on which Mt.Lexington forms the country's highest point at 694 metres (2,277 ft).

The climate is maritime temperate with significant precipitation in all seasons. The average temperature is lowest in January at 3 °C (37.4 °F) and highest in July at 18 °C (64.4 °F). The average precipitation per month varies between 54 millimetres (2.1 in) for February or April, to 78 mm (3.1 in) for July.[38] Averages for the years 2000 to 2006 show daily temperature minimums of 7 °C (44.6 °F) and maximums of 14 °C (57.2 °F) and monthly rainfall of 74 mm (2.9 in); these are about 1 °C and nearly 10 millimetres above last century's normal values, respectively.

Phytogeographically, Lessau is shared between the Southern Concordian, Concord and South Hills provinces next to the Lessaun Kingdom. Lessau belongs to the ecoregion of Concordian mixed forests. Because of its high population density, industrialization and its location at the tip of Concord. Lessau still faces some environmental problems. However, due to consistent efforts by the various levels of government in Lessau, the state of the environment in Lessau is gradually improving. This led to Lessau being ranked as one of the top 10 countries in terms of environmental protection trends, and to Lessau being ranked in 2012 as the top country for environmental protection. Lessau moreover has one of Concords highest waste recycling rates. In particular, the Staynish region of Lessau has the highest waste diversion rate in Lessau. Almost 75% of the residential waste produced there is reused, recycled, or composted.