Jumhurikesh
The Province of Jumhurikesh (Packilvanian: luDominmne aJumhurikesh) is one of the highest-level administrative divisions of Packilvania. Entirely landlocked, it borders Shakar to the north west, Ashura to the west, Iganar to the south, Fidakar to the south east, Allegheny, to the east and Drakkengard to the north east. It is the second largest province in Packilvania by land area.
Province of Jumhurikesh luDominmne aJumhurikesh (Packilvanian) | |
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Flag of Jumhurikesh
Coat of arms
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Motto: "Yadhaabgurashekhi weluNahir Jumhur" (Packilvanian) ("Cross the Jumhur River") | |
Anthem: "leTahiy leBenaan aleBakhil leSurih (Packilvanian) (Glad Tidings of the Rushing Waters) | |
| Location of Jumhurikesh | |
| Provincial Capital and largest city | Everyet |
| Official languages | Packilvanian |
| Recognised regional languages |
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| Ethnic groups | Feline (98%)
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| Religion | Paxism (99%) Other (1%) |
| Demonym(s) | Jumhurian |
| Government | Subnational non-federal devolved entity |
• Governor | Prince Jibrael |
• Premier | Bismal Ithudin |
• Judge President | Prince Ruhaad |
| Legislature | Provincial Legislature of Jumhurikesh |
| Highest level administrative division | |
| Area | |
• Total | 1,500,000 km2 (580,000 sq mi) (2nd in Packilvania) |
| Population | |
• Estimate | 134 million |
| GDP (nominal) | estimate |
• Total | 1.026 trillion KRB |
| SDI (2021) | 0.72 high |
| Today part of | Packilvania |
Etymology
Jumhurikesh is named after the Jumhur River which is one of the three largest rivers of Packilvania, alongside the Ufrata River and the Meked River (after which Mekedesh is named). The suffix -esh at the end of the name is an ancient convention in Packilvanian nomenclature to indicate that a word was referring to the watershed or basin of a large body of water such as a lake or a river. The term Jumhur comes from the Jumhur Empire which ruled over an area coextensive with modern-day Jumhurikesh that existed from the early 1000s BCE to the late 700s CE when they were defeated and amalgamated into Packilvania by the Iktanite dynasty. The term Jumhur is of unknown origin.
Politics
Jumhurikesh has been devolved powers to make laws over a wide range of topics and to manage its internal affairs by the Imperial Government through legislation passed by the Parliament of Packilvania and promulgated by the Sultan of Packilvania. The Meer is appointed by the Sultan at his pleasure and he in turn appoints the Premier and Provincial Council of Ministers who handle the daily running of the province, anf the execution and proposal of laws. The legislative branch consists of the Provincial Legislature (which has an appointed upper house called the Legislative Council and a lotterial lower house called the Representative Assembly) and the Meer who promulgates provincial laws. The judicial branch consists of courts appointed and controlled by the Imperial Government, the highest of which is the High Court of Jumhurikesh.
Jumhurikesh was one of the first provinces to be conquered by the Carriers of Mercy at the beginning of the Second Packilvanian Civil War and was under their administration for approximately 9 years before the Sultanate of Packilvania was formally reestablished in 1985. During that time, Jumhurian political thinkers joined the Carriers of Mercy and assumed important positions within its ranks. Many of their ideas, such as implementing a modern form of the medieval consultative bodies formed of everyday citizens through lotterial selection were proliferated throughout the country.
Unlike many provinces in the country, significant legislative and executive decision making power is devolved to the Regional Governments. This stems from historical roots because Jumhurikesh was founded from the amalgamation of independent polities which maintained relatively distinct identities because they spoke different dialects of Packilvanian and consisted of distinct Feline ethnic groups. These regional difference persisted despite Communist attempts at assimilation. Part of the reason that the Carriers were able to conquer Jumhurikesh so quickly despite its size and population was their deferrence to the regional politics of the province and respecting the ethnolinguistic differences of its constituent parts. Thus, unlike many provinces, regional politics play a significant part in policy formation, appointments to political positions and the spread of political power.
Notably, unlike other provinces where a substantial part of the province's Legislative Council consist of representatives of local governments (i.e., governments at city or town level), in Jumhurikesh, it consists of regional representation based loosely on population. Because the provincial government has devolved so much power to the regions, the provincial government bodies exert less control and therefore possess less involvement in the day to day running of most of the province except in specific areas such as taxation, a power that the provincial government exercises sparingly resulting in low tax rates and simultaneously few social welfare services with much of the government budget devoted to basic government functions. Thus, Jumhurikesh also has a relatively small government and civil service and laissez-faire approach to regulating the economy compared to most of the country.
Economy
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Jumhurikesh has a total annual economic output of over 1.2 trillion KRB and a per capita economic output of approximately 9,200 KRB. Jumhurikesh has a highly diversified developing economy with economic growth ranging from 10 to 15% annually, giving it the highest economic growth rate in the country. After the Packilvanian Communist Party was defeated, Jumhurikesh followed the rest of Packilvania by liberalising its economy. This included privatizing government-owned companies. The province benefited from industrial policies at the national level such as allowing people to own property and start business, removing barriers to trade between provinces and with foreign nations, and allowing foreigners to do business in the country. Through massive loans and grants from the imperial government, the provincial government of Jumhurikesh undertook large infrastructure projects to generate power, move people and connect its disparate regions and provide reliable and safe water tfor industrial use and household consumption. With opportunities in the cities, many people in the country side moved to the urban areas, prompting the provincial government to regulate internal migration. As with other provinces, reforms under the PCP to increase literacy and make education more accessible, helped Jumhurikesh develop a large literate urbanized and fairly cosmopolitan workforce.
Jumhurikesh has the largest amount of climate zones in Packilvania which include large areas with moderate temperatures and precipitation enabling widespread agriculture. The management of agriculture is a mixture of small plots owned by individual families in areas that produced high value low yield crops to industrial and commercial farming practices for production of staple goods. The province is a major producer of staple starches, meat, beverages, vegetables, fruit and wine, making it the second large source of Packilvania's food after Fidakar. Agriculture relies on a mix of rain and irrigation from rivers and ground water. Large commercial farms have adopted modern fertilisers and mechanisation, but agriculture in Jumhurikesh remains fairly labour-intensive, partly due to low labour costs such that over 30% of the work force is employed in the agricultural sector and sector comprises over 20% of the provincial economy. Despite lacking a coastline, Jumhurikesh is either the first or second biggest producer of fish in the country because it had by far the highest concentration of lakes. Furthermore, due to its massive fresh water reserves, it exports a lot of water to Iganar and Ashura.
The province has a large services sector which makes up about 50% of the economy and includes a plethora of services such as retail and shopping, internet services and telecommunications, government services, financial services, and tourism. The secondary sector makes up 30% of the economy and employs over 40% of workers and it consists of the construction and property development, electrical energy production, manufacturing of industrial and consumer goods, chemicals and metal refining, and textiles and garments. As other Packilvanian provinces, Jumhurikesh has low costs of labour, and regulations on worker rights are fairly lax. Unemployment is around 3% and over 18% of the employed population works in the informal sector. Taxes are fairly low, but higher than provinces whose government budgets rely on or are supplemented by oil and gas revenues such as Shakar and Ashura.
Demography
Culture
History
Jumhurikesh has been inhabited for millions of years. The first known civilisation is believed to have originated 13 million years ago by pre-modern sapient beings. They used primitive tools made from local materials such as wood and bone. Although nomadic, traces of their existence can be found in mass fossilised remains which indicate burial practices. Not much else is known about these beings including their species.
The first evidence of modern day Feline habitation is 1.5 million years old, with evidence of other species such as Vulpine and Humans originating at most 200,000 years later. The oldest form of writing was discovered in 1345 by Rashmad Erkudim in the form of a stone tablet which was dated in 2003 to about 3,200 years ago.
The first major antique civilisation is the Ufratian Civilization which existed on the shores of the Ufrata River from 3700 BCE to 2500 BCE, following which the civilisation's artefacts and structures decayed as people returned to pastoralism and nomadism. From 1200 BCE to 200 CE the Jumhurian Empire ruled over the Jumhur River basin. The area is believed to have been converted to Besmalism or Paxism about 1000 BCE, following the conversion of Simadien II of the Drumite dynasty. From 1200 BCE to 200 CE the Jumhurian Empire ruled over the Jumhur River basin.
Jumhurikesh was founded in 1689 after Saidun the Conqueror defeated and unified the 18 petty Kingdoms which comprised its modern-day territory. He placed his brother Prince Shalmad in charge of Jumhurikesh. There were often rebellions and uprisings from local rulers who felt undermined and dispossessed by the loss of their power, positions and territory.
Under Saidun II, the Peace of Kalaigard was signed whereby the Imperial Court at Everyet was established whereby the deposed petty Kings could live under the Sultan's grace in a court held on his behalf by the Lieutenant Governor of Jumhurikesh.