Jumhurikesh
Province of Jumhurikesh luDominmne aJumhurikesh (Packilvanian) | |
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Flag of Jumhurikesh
Coat of arms
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Motto: "Yadhaabgurashekhi weluNahir Jumhur" (Packilvanian) ("Cross the Jumhur River") | |
Anthem: "leTahiy leBenaan aleBakhil leSurih (Packilvanian) (Glad Tidings of the Rushing Waters) | |
| Location of Jumhurikesh | |
| Provincial Capital and largest city | Everyet |
| Official languages | Packilvanian |
| Recognised regional languages |
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| Ethnic groups | Feline (98%)
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| Religion | Paxism (99%) Other (1%) |
| Demonym(s) | Jumhurian |
| Government | Subnational non-federal devolved entity |
• Governor | Prince Jibrael |
• Premier | Bismal Ithudin |
• Judge President | Prince Ruhaad |
| Legislature | Provincial Legislature of Jumhurikesh |
| Highest level administrative division | |
| Area | |
• Total | 1,500,000 km2 (580,000 sq mi) (2nd in Packilvania) |
| Population | |
• Estimate | 134 million |
| GDP (nominal) | estimate |
• Total | 1.026 trillion KRB |
| SDI (2021) | 0.72 high |
| Today part of | Packilvania |
The Province of Jumhurikesh (Packilvanian: luDominmne aJumhurikesh) is one of the highest-level administrative divisions of Packilvania. Entirely landlocked, it borders Shakar to the north west, Ashura to the west, Iganar to the south, Fidakar to the south east, Allegheny, to the east and Drakkengard to the north east. It is the second largest province in Packilvania by land area.
Etymology
Jumhurikesh is named after the Jumhur River which is one of the three largest rivers of Packilvania, alongside the Ufrata River and the Meked River (after which Mekedesh is named). The suffix -esh at the end of the name is an ancient convention in Packilvanian nomenclature to indicate that a word was referring to the watershed or basin of a large body of water such as a lake or a river. The term Jumhur comes from the Jumhur Empire which ruled over an area coextensive with modern-day Jumhurikesh that existed from the early 1000s BCE to the late 700s CE when they were defeated and amalgamated into Packilvania by the Iktanite dynasty. The term Jumhur is of unknown origin.
Politics
Jumhurikesh has been devolved powers to make laws over a wide range of topics and to manage its internal affairs by the Imperial Government through legislation passed by the Parliament of Packilvania and promulgated by the Sultan of Packilvania. The Meer is appointed by the Sultan at his pleasure and he in turn appoints the Premier and Provincial Council of Ministers who handle the daily running of the province, anf the execution and proposal of laws. The legislative branch consists of the Provincial Legislature (which has an appointed upper house called the Legislative Council and a lotterial lower house called the Representative Assembly) and the Meer who promulgates provincial laws. The judicial branch consists of courts appointed and controlled by the Imperial Government, the highest of which is the High Court of Jumhurikesh.
Jumhurikesh was one of the first provinces to be conquered by the Carriers of Mercy at the beginning of the Second Packilvanian Civil War and was under their administration for approximately 9 years before the Sultanate of Packilvania was formally reestablished in 1985. During that time, Jumhurian political thinkers joined the Carriers of Mercy and assumed important positions within its ranks. Many of their ideas, such as implementing a modern form of the medieval consultative bodies formed of everyday citizens through lotterial selection were proliferated throughout the country.
Unlike many provinces in the country, significant legislative and executive decision making power is devolved to the Regional Governments. This stems from historical roots because Jumhurikesh was founded from the amalgamation of independent polities which maintained relatively distinct identities because they spoke different dialects of Packilvanian and consisted of distinct Feline ethnic groups. These regional difference persisted despite Communist attempts at assimilation. Part of the reason that the Carriers were able to conquer Jumhurikesh so quickly despite its size and population was their deferrence to the regional politics of the province and respecting the ethnolinguistic differences of its constituent parts. Thus, unlike many provinces, regional politics play a significant part in policy formation, appointments to political positions and the spread of political power.
Notably, unlike other provinces where a substantial part of the province's Legislative Council consist of representatives of local governments (i.e., governments at city or town level), in Jumhurikesh, it consists of regional representation based loosely on population. Because the provincial government has devolved so much power to the regions, the provincial government bodies exert less control and therefore possess less involvement in the day to day running of most of the province except in specific areas such as taxation, a power that the provincial government exercises sparingly resulting in low tax rates and simultaneously few social welfare services with much of the government budget devoted to basic government functions. Thus, Jumhurikesh also has a relatively small government and civil service and laissez-faire approach to regulating the economy compared to most of the country.
Economy
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Jumhurikesh has a total annual economic output of over 1.2 trillion KRB and a per capita economic output of approximately 9,200 KRB. Jumhurikesh has a highly diversified developing economy with economic growth ranging from 10 to 15% annually, giving it the highest economic growth rate in the country. After the Packilvanian Communist Party was defeated, Jumhurikesh followed the rest of Packilvania by liberalising its economy. This included privatizing government-owned companies. The province benefited from industrial policies at the national level such as allowing people to own property and start business, removing barriers to trade between provinces and with foreign nations, and allowing foreigners to do business in the country. Through massive loans and grants from the imperial government, the provincial government of Jumhurikesh undertook large infrastructure projects to generate power, move people and connect its disparate regions and provide reliable and safe water tfor industrial use and household consumption. With opportunities in the cities, many people in the country side moved to the urban areas, prompting the provincial government to regulate internal migration. As with other provinces, reforms under the PCP to increase literacy and make education more accessible, helped Jumhurikesh develop a large literate urbanized and fairly cosmopolitan workforce.
Jumhurikesh has the largest amount of climate zones in Packilvania which include large areas with moderate temperatures and precipitation enabling widespread agriculture. The management of agriculture is a mixture of small plots owned by individual families in areas that produced high value low yield crops to industrial and commercial farming practices for production of staple goods. The province is a major producer of staple starches, meat, beverages, vegetables, fruit and wine, making it the second large source of Packilvania's food after Fidakar. Agriculture relies on a mix of rain and irrigation from rivers and ground water. Large commercial farms have adopted modern fertilisers and mechanisation, but agriculture in Jumhurikesh remains fairly labour-intensive, partly due to low labour costs such that over 30% of the work force is employed in the agricultural sector and sector comprises over 20% of the provincial economy. Despite lacking a coastline, Jumhurikesh is either the first or second biggest producer of fish in the country because it had by far the highest concentration of lakes. Furthermore, due to its massive fresh water reserves, it exports a lot of water to Iganar and Ashura.
The province has a large services sector which makes up about 50% of the economy and includes a plethora of services such as retail and shopping, internet services and telecommunications, government services, financial services, and tourism. The secondary sector makes up 30% of the economy and employs over 40% of workers and it consists of the construction and property development, electrical energy production, manufacturing of industrial and consumer goods, chemicals and metal refining, and textiles and garments. As other Packilvanian provinces, Jumhurikesh has low costs of labour, and regulations on worker rights are fairly lax. Unemployment is around 3% and over 18% of the employed population works in the informal sector. Taxes are fairly low, but higher than provinces whose government budgets rely on or are supplemented by oil and gas revenues such as Shakar and Ashura.
Demography
Jumhurikesh has a population of over 135 million people, making it only the fourth most populous province of Packilvania. The balance of males and females in the province is similar. Like other Packilvanian provinces, it has a large working age population (between 15 and 65) a modest population of children (between 14 and 0) and a small population of retirees (65 and older). The average life expectancy is 75 years which has been achieved through improved access to nutrition, public hygiene, vaccination, and improved access to healthcare. Nevertheless, there are noticeable disparities in developmental outcomes between rural and urban areas.
Jumhurikesh is spared most of the brunt of the tropical diseases which plague the southern provinces. Nevertheless due to internal migration, immigrants from other provinces introduce these diseases, prompting the province to adopt requirements for vaccinations for people seeking to work and live in the province in the long term. Infant mortality has fallen significantly and pregnancy related complications leading to maternal death have largely fallen. Nevertheless, due to the proliferation of women's education and more women entering the workforce, fertility rates have fallen below 3 children per woman on average.
Due to modern urban lifestyles, Jumhurikesh reports very few polygamous marriages. As with other provinces, marriage rates are high and divorce rates are low. The province has a population that speaks several regionally located dialects of Packilvanian, many of which speakers of Packilvaniam from other provinces struggle to understand even though Imperial Standard Packilvanian is the official language. The largest religion by far is Paxism yet there are small communities of Vayan Catholics, Akronists, Akuanists and other groups with special status. The population consists almost entirely of Felines except for some Alleghenians who are Ursines. Among Felines, people come from different tribal or ethnolinguistic groups such as the Azraq, Shirazi, Sayami, Bimini, and the Dhil Qasir. However, as people intermarriage, ethnolinguistic group is being significantly less emphasized in personal identity.
Culture
As other Packilvanian provinces, religious buildings, government buildings and royal palaces tend to evoke the archetypal aesthetics of the upper and ruling classes and are typically associated with the region's architecture. Jumhurikesh has millenia of architectural heritage that has made the aesthetic tastes different to much of the country. Whereas the central provinces of Ashura and Iganar prefer domes, slender pencil minarets and geometric patterns, Jumhurikesh architecture prefers layered slanted roofs with pointed corners, and flowery and flowing patterns. Some buildings such as the Majhid aluRahim and the Majhid aluZakaat are striking examples of this style.
The province is home to a thriving film scene which has produced dramas about coming of age, family drama, and forbidden love such luZawjamiya ameNebaal (the Nebelese Wedding) produced in 1978, movies about action, and war such as the historical war film luFawuz luHayiy (the Final Victory) which tells the story of the War of Kaidergard and Nebel in 1123. The province has produced prominent series and soap operas such as the long-running luBayeetdonah luSaankt (the Fifth Dynasty, following a wealthy business family in Everyet) and luZahar luZafran (Saffron Flower, which follows young professionals searching for love in the busy modern world).
The province is home to several prominent universities and laboratories which have significant contributions to science, philosophy and art such as the 500 year old luMadras luBas aEveryet (University of Everyet) and the 450 year old Majhid luBas aZuraal (University of Zorel). Education is administered by the province with standardized school leaving Examinations providing access to the province's universities and colleges. Literacy and enrollment rates have significantly improved since the war Era. The province is home to the Hadeek Nujheyd Immunological Institute and Ashnaf Mukhtahaliya Center for Epidemiology. Discoveries by the Shabridah Bankim Particle Physics Centre have contributed to improved learnings about quarks and quantum processes.
History
Jumhurikesh has been inhabited for millions of years. The first known civilisation is believed to have originated 13 million years ago by pre-modern sapient beings. They used primitive tools made from local materials such as wood and bone. Although nomadic, traces of their existence can be found in mass fossilised remains which indicate burial practices. Not much else is known about these beings including their species.
The first evidence of modern day Feline habitation is 1.5 million years old, with evidence of other species such as Vulpine and Humans originating at most 200,000 years later. The oldest form of writing was discovered in 1345 by Rashmad Erkudim in the form of a stone tablet which was dated in 2003 to about 3,200 years ago.
The first major antique civilisation is the Ufratian Civilization which existed on the shores of the Ufrata River from 3700 BCE to 2500 BCE, following which the civilisation's artefacts and structures decayed as people returned to pastoralism and nomadism. From 1200 BCE to 200 CE the Jumhurian Empire ruled over the Jumhur River basin. The area is believed to have been converted to Besmalism or Paxism about 1000 BCE, following the conversion of Simadien II of the Drumite dynasty. From 1200 BCE to 200 CE the Jumhurian Empire ruled over the Jumhur River basin.
Jumhurikesh was founded in 1689 after Saidun the Conqueror defeated and unified the 18 petty Kingdoms which comprised its modern-day territory. He placed his brother Prince Shalmad in charge of Jumhurikesh. There were often rebellions and uprisings from local rulers who felt undermined and dispossessed by the loss of their power, positions and territory.
Under Saidun II, the Peace of Kalaigard was signed whereby the Imperial Court at Everyet was established whereby the deposed petty Kings could live under the Sultan's grace in a court held on his behalf by the Lieutenant Governor of Jumhurikesh.