Hawa

Republic Of Hawa Hawa
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: Blessed Be Hawa
Capital and largest city	Abdu
Official languages	Staynish,Nywalli,Kolonital,Octali
Demonym(s)	Hawadians
Government	Unitary dominant-party presidential constitutional republic
• President	Johan Haarhoff
• Prime Minister	Willem Naudé
• Vice President	Upendo Van Rooyen
Legislature	Parliament
• Upper house	Senate
• Lower house	National Assembley
History
• Colonized	1881
• Independance	1960
Population
• 2019 estimate	11,210,640
GDP (PPP)	estimate
• Per capita	402 SHD
GDP (nominal)	estimate
• Total	SHD$11 Billion
Gini (2019)	37.8 medium
SDI (2019)	0.422 low
Currency	Hawa Mark (HND)
Date format	dd ˘ mm ˘ yyyy
Driving side	right
Calling code	224
ISO 3166 code	ROH
Internet TLD	.RH

Hawa , officially the Republic of Hawa, is located in the Gondwanan Nyobia Valley where the Gondwanan Nyobi Lakes region and West Gondwana converge. It is bordered by Zawadi to the East, Democratic Republic Of Nyo to the southwest, and the Central Republic Of Nyo to the Southeast Lake Nyo lies along its southwestern border.

The Nwa, Kemto and Rufi peoples have lived in Hawa for at least 700 years. For more than 400 of those years, Hawa was an independent kingdom, until the beginning of the 20th century, when Acronian missionaries spreading Akronism and Vistari colonized the region.

Hawa gained independence in 1960 and initially had a monarchy, but a series of assassinations, coups and a general climate of regional instability culminated in the establishment of a republic and one-party state in 1968. Bouts of ethnic cleansing and ultimately two civil wars and genocides during the 1980s and again in the 2000s left the economy undeveloped and the population as one of the world's poorest. The presidents of Zwandi and Hawa, both Rufi, died together when their aeroplane was shot down in 1991.

The sovereign state of Hawa political system is that of a presidential representative democratic republic based upon a multi-party state. The President of Hawa is the head of state and head of government. There are currently 33 registered parties in Burundi.

Hawa remains primarily a rural society, with just 16.3% of the population living in urban areas in 2019. Roughly 85% of the population are of Kemto ethnic origin, 15% are Rufi, and fewer than 1% are indigenous Nwa. The official languages of Hawa are Nywalli, Octali and Vastari, Staynish being recognized officially as the sole national language.

One of the smallest countries in Gondwana, Hawa land is used mostly for subsistence agricultural and grazing, which has led to deforestation, soil erosion and habitat loss. As of 2020 the country was almost completely deforested, with less than 11% of its land covered by trees and over half of that being commercial plantations. In addition to poverty, Hawadians often have to deal with corruption, weak infrastructure, poor access to health and education services, and hunger.

History

Colonization

From 1881, the Acronian Missionaries was active in the Gondwanan Nyobi Lakes region. As a result of heightened tensions and border disputes between the Acronian Missionaries, the Kalatianburg Empire and Norgsveldet, the Vistari Empire was called upon to put down the Kemto revolts and protect the empire's interests in the region. Vistaraland stationed armed forces in Zawandi and Hawa during the late 1890s.

Hawa, as part of Vistari Central Gondwana continued its kingship dynasty despite the invasion of Vistari.

The Vistari however, preserved many of the kingdom's institutions, the Hawadian monarchy succeeded in surviving into the post-colonial period. During the late 1940s, a series of policies caused divisions throughout the country. Native authorities also had powers. In 1956, Vistaraland allowed the region to form political parties. These factions contributed to Hawa gaining its independence from Vistaraland, in 1960.

Independence

On 20 January 1959, Hawa ruler Kian Van Rooyen V requested Hawa independence from Vistaraland and dissolution of the Vistari Central Gondwana union. In the following months, Hawadian political parties began to advocate for the end of Vistari colonial rule and the separation of Hawa and Zawadi.

Hawa push for independence was influenced by the Zawadi Revolution and the accompanying instability and ethnic conflict that occurred there. As a result of the Zawadi Revolution, many Zawadi Rufi refugees arrived in Hawa during the period from 1961 to 1964.

The country claimed independence in 1960, and legally changed its name from Vistari Central Gondwana to Hawa. Hawa became a constitutional monarchy with Kian Van Rooyen V, Prince Lihan Le Roux father, serving as the country's king.

Parliamentary elections in brought a majority of Kemto into the parliament, but when King Kian Van Rooyen V appointed a Rufi prime minister, some Kemto felt this was unjust and ethnic tensions were further increased. In October 1966, an attempted coup d'état led by the Kemto-dominated police was carried out but failed. The Rufi dominated army, then led by Rufi officer Captain Heinu Hertzog purged Kemto from their ranks and carried out reprisal attacks which ultimately claimed the lives of up to 11,000 people in a precursor to the 1980s Burundian Genocide.

King Kian Van Rooyen V, who had fled the country during the October coup of 1966, was deposed by a coup in August 1966 and his teenage son, Lihan Le Roux, claimed the throne. In December that same year, the Rufi Prime Minister, then-Captain Heinu Hertzog, carried out another coup, this time deposing Roux, abolishing the monarchy and declaring the nation a republic, though his one-party government was effectively a military dictatorship. As president, Hertzog became an advocate of Gondwanan socialism and received support from Vistaraland. He imposed a staunch regime of law and order and sharply repressed Kemto militarism.