User:Pox/sandbox: Difference between revisions

From TEPwiki, Urth's Encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Content added Content deleted
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
mNo edit summary
 
(19 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
[[Phoenixia]]: [[Labor Party of Phoenixia]], [[National Alliance]], [[Progressive Party of Phoenixia]], [[Phoenixia Liberal Democratic Party]], [[Phoenixia Akuan Party]], [[New Afragola]], [[Conservative Party of Phoenixia]], [[Republican Party of Phoenixia]].
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 2022 Phoenixin general election
| country = Phoenixia
| election_date = 15 May 2022
| type = parliamentary
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 2016 Phoenixin general election
| previous_year = 2016
| outgoing_members =
| elected_members =
| next_election =
| next_year =
| seats_for_election = All 630 seats in the Landsraad
| opinion_polls = Opinion polling for the 2022 Phoenixin general election
| registered = 38,000,000
| turnout = 22,750,000
| module = {{infobox election
| embed = yes
| election_name = Results by party
| type = parliamentary
| image1 =
| leader1 =
| leader_since1 = 23 September 2017
| leaders_seat1 =
| party1 = Five Star Movement
| alliance1 = —
| seats1 = 227 ({{abbr|C|Chamber of Deputies}}){{dot}}112 ({{abbr|S|Senate}})
| seat_change1 = {{increase}}114 ({{abbr|C|Chamber of Deputies}}){{dot}}{{increase}}58 ({{abbr|S|Senate}})
| popular_vote1 = 10,732,066 ({{abbr|C|Chamber of Deputies}})<br />9,733,928 ({{abbr|S|Senate}})
| percentage1 = 32.7% ({{abbr|C|Chamber of Deputies}})<br />32.2% ({{abbr|S|Senate}})
| swing1 = {{increase}}7.1 pp ({{abbr|C|Chamber of Deputies}})<br />{{increase}}8.4 pp ({{abbr|S|Senate}})
| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=MatteoSalvini2018 (cropped).jpg|bSize=120|cWidth=120|cHeight=160}}
| leader2 = [[Matteo Salvini]]
| leader_since2 = 15 December 2013
| leaders_seat2 = [[Lazio]] ({{abbr|S|Senate}})
| party2 = [[Lega Nord|League]]
| alliance2 = [[Centre-right coalition|Centre-right]]
| seats2 = 125 ({{abbr|C|Chamber of Deputies}}){{dot}}58 ({{abbr|S|Senate}})
| seat_change2 = {{increase}}109 ({{abbr|C|Chamber of Deputies}}){{dot}}{{increase}}39 ({{abbr|S|Senate}})
| popular_vote2 = 5,698,687 ({{abbr|C|Chamber of Deputies}})<br />5,321,537 ({{abbr|S|Senate}})
| percentage2 = 17.4% ({{abbr|C|Chamber of Deputies}})<br />17.6% ({{abbr|S|Senate}})
| swing2 = {{increase}}13.3 pp ({{abbr|C|Chamber of Deputies}})<br />{{increase}}13.3 pp ({{abbr|S|Senate}})
| image3 = {{CSS image crop|Image=MatteoRenzi2018 (cropped).jpg|bSize=120|cWidth=120|cHeight=160}}
| leader3 = [[Matteo Renzi]]
| party3 = [[Democratic Party (Italy)|Democratic Party]]
| alliance3 = [[Centre-left coalition|Centre-left]]
| leaders_seat3 = [[Florence]] ({{abbr|S|Senate}})
| leader_since3 = 15 December 2013
| seats3 = 112 ({{abbr|C|Chamber of Deputies}}){{dot}}53 ({{abbr|S|Senate}})
| seat_change3 = {{decrease}}80 ({{abbr|C|Chamber of Deputies}}){{dot}}{{decrease}}57 ({{abbr|S|Senate}})
| popular_vote3 = 6,161,896 ({{abbr|C|Chamber of Deputies}})<br />5,783,360 ({{abbr|S|Senate}})
| percentage3 = 18.8% ({{abbr|C|Chamber of Deputies}})<br />19.1% ({{abbr|S|Senate}})
| swing3 = {{decrease}}6.6 pp ({{abbr|C|Chamber of Deputies}})<br />{{decrease}}8.3 pp ({{abbr|S|Senate}})
| image4 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Silvio Berlusconi 2018 (cropped).jpg|bSize=120|cWidth=120|cHeight=160}}
| leader4 = [[Silvio Berlusconi]]
| party4 = [[Forza Italia (2013)|Forza Italia]]
| alliance4 = [[Centre-right coalition|Centre-right]]
| leaders_seat4 = ''Did not run''
| leader_since4 = 18 January 1994
| seats4 = 104 ({{abbr|C|Chamber of Deputies}}){{dot}}57 ({{abbr|S|Senate}})
| seat_change4 = {{increase}}1 ({{abbr|C|Chamber of Deputies}}){{dot}}{{decrease}}41 ({{abbr|S|Senate}})
| popular_vote4 = 4,596,956 ({{abbr|C|Chamber of Deputies}})<br />4,358,004 ({{abbr|S|Senate}})
| percentage4 = 14.0% ({{abbr|C|Chamber of Deputies}})<br />14.4% ({{abbr|S|Senate}})
| swing4 = {{decrease}}7.6 pp ({{abbr|C|Chamber of Deputies}})<br />{{decrease}}7.9 pp ({{abbr|S|Senate}})
| image5 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Giorgia Meloni daticamera 2018 (cropped).jpg|bSize=120|cWidth=120|cHeight=160}}
| leader5 = [[Giorgia Meloni]]
| party5 = [[Brothers of Italy]]
| alliance5 = [[Centre-right coalition|Centre-right]]
| leaders_seat5 = [[Lazio 2 (Chamber of Deputies constituency)|Latina]] ({{abbr|C|Chamber of Deputies}})
| leader_since5 = 8 March 2014
| seats5 = 32 ({{abbr|C|Chamber of Deputies}}){{dot}}18 ({{abbr|S|Senate}})
| seat_change5 = {{increase}}25 ({{abbr|C|Chamber of Deputies}}){{dot}}{{increase}}18 ({{abbr|S|Senate}})
| popular_vote5 = 1,429,550 ({{abbr|C|Chamber of Deputies}})<br />1,286,606 ({{abbr|S|Senate}})
| percentage5 = 4.4% ({{abbr|C|Chamber of Deputies}})<br />4.3% ({{abbr|S|Senate}})
| swing5 = {{increase}}2.5 pp ({{abbr|C|Chamber of Deputies}})<br />{{increase}}2.4 pp ({{abbr|S|Senate}})
| image6 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Pietro Grasso Senato (cropped).jpg|bSize=120|cWidth=120|cHeight=160}}
| leader6 = [[Pietro Grasso]]
| party6 = [[Free and Equal (Italy)|Free and Equal]]
| alliance6 = —
| leaders_seat6 = [[Sicily]] ({{abbr|S|Senate}})
| leader_since6 = 3 December 2017
| seats6 = 14 ({{abbr|C|Chamber of Deputies}}){{dot}}4 ({{abbr|S|Senate}})
| seat_change6 = ''New party''
| popular_vote6 = 1,114,799 ({{abbr|C|Chamber of Deputies}})<br />991,159 ({{abbr|S|Senate}})
| percentage6 = 3.4% ({{abbr|C|Chamber of Deputies}})<br />3.3% ({{abbr|S|Senate}})
| swing6 = ''New party''
| module = {{Infobox legislative election
| embed = yes
| election_name = Results by coalition
| ongoing = no
| noleader = yes
| heading1 = Chamber of Deputies
| party1 = Centre-right coalition | color1 = #0A6BE1 | percentage1 = 37.00 | seats1 = 265 | last_election1 = 125
| party2 = Five Star Movement | percentage2 = 32.68 | seats2 = 227 | last_election2 = 109
| party3 = Centre-left coalition | color3 = #EF3E3E | percentage3 = 22.85 | seats3 = 122 | last_election3 = 345
| party4 = Free and Equal (Italy) | percentage4 = 3.38 | seats4 = 14 | last_election4 = new
| party5 = Associative Movement of Italians Abroad | percentage5 = <ref name="abroad">Only running in abroad constituencies.</ref> | seats5 = 1 | last_election5 = 2
| party6 = South American Union of Italian Emigrants | color6 = #DEE573 | percentage6 = <ref name="abroad"/> | seats6 = 1 | last_election6 = 1
| heading7 = Senate
| party7 = Centre-right coalition | color7 = #0A6BE1 | percentage7 = 37.50 | seats7 = 137 | last_election7 = 117
| party8 = Five Star Movement | percentage8 = 32.22 | seats8 = 112 | last_election8 = 54
| party9 = Centre-left coalition | color9 = #EF3E3E | percentage9 = 23.00 | seats9 = 60 | last_election9 = 123
| party10 = Free and Equal (Italy) | percentage10 = 3.28 | seats10 = 4 | last_election10 = new
| party11 = Aosta Valley (political coalition) | percentage11 = <ref name="Aosta Valley">Only running in Aosta Valley.</ref> | seats11 = 1 | last_election11 = 1
| party12 = Associative Movement of Italians Abroad | percentage12 = <ref name="abroad"/> | seats12 = 1 | last_election12 = 2
| party13 = South American Union of Italian Emigrants | color13 = #DEE573 | percentage13 = <ref name="abroad"/> | seats13 = 1 | last_election13 = 1
| map = {{Switcher
| [[File:Italian 2018 elections Chamber of Deputies constituencies strength.svg|200px]] [[File:Italian 2018 elections Chamber of Deputies constituencies parties strength.svg|200px]]
| Results for the Chamber of Deputies ({{abbr|FPTP|First-past-the-post}} on the left, {{abbr|PR|Proportional representation}} on the right)
| [[File:Italian 2018 elections Senate constituencies strength.svg|200px]] [[File:Italian 2018 elections Senate constituencies parties strength.svg|200px]]
| Results for the Senate of the Republic ({{abbr|FPTP|First-past-the-post}} on the left, {{abbr|PR|Proportional representation}} on the right)
}}
| map_caption =
| title = [[Prime Minister of Italy|Prime Minister]]
| before_election = [[Paolo Gentiloni]]
| before_party = Democratic Party (Italy)
| posttitle = [[Prime Minister of Italy|Prime Minister]] after the election
| after_election = [[Giuseppe Conte]]
| after_party = [[Independent politician|Independent]]
| footnotes = {{notelist}}
}}
}}
}}
The '''2018 Italian general election''' was held on 4 March 2018 after the [[Italian Parliament]] was [[Dissolution of parliament in Italy|dissolved]] by President [[Sergio Mattarella]] on 28 December 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last=Verderami|first=Francesco|date=13 December 2017|url=http://www.corriere.it/politica/17_dicembre_13/scioglimento-camere-ac1b958a-df86-11e7-b8cc-37049f602793.shtml|title=Elezioni 2018, si punta al 27 dicembre per lo scioglimento delle Camere: si vota il 4 marzo|work=Corriere della Sera|language=it|access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref> Voters were electing the 630 members of the [[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]] and the 315 elective members of the [[Senate of the Republic (Italy)|Senate of the Republic]] for the 18th legislature of the [[Italian Republic]] since 1948. The election took place concurrently with the [[2018 Lombard regional election|Lombard]] and [[2018 Lazio regional election|Lazio]] regional elections.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ilmessaggero.it/primopiano/politica/election_day-3465322.html|title=Election day il 4 marzo: si vota anche per Lazio e Lombardia|work=Il Messaggero|language=it|date=5 January 2018|access-date=18 February 2022}}</ref> No party or coalition gained an [[absolute majority]] in the parliament, even though the [[centre-right coalition]] won a plurality of seats as a coalition, and the [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S) won a plurality of seats as an individual party.<ref name="DW 2018">{{cite news|url=https://www.dw.com/en/italy-election-to-result-in-hung-parliament/a-42823814|title=Italy election to result in hung parliament|publisher=Deutsche Welle|date=5 March 2018|access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref>

The centre-right coalition, whose main party was the right-wing [[Lega Nord|League]] led by [[Matteo Salvini]], emerged with a [[Plurality (voting)|plurality]] of seats in the Chamber of Deputies and in the Senate, while the anti-establishment M5S led by [[Luigi Di Maio]] became the party with the largest number of votes. The [[centre-left coalition]], led by former Prime Minister [[Matteo Renzi]] of the governing [[Democratic Party (Italy)|Democratic Party]] (PD), came third;<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.repubblica.it/speciali/politica/elezioni2018/2018/03/04/news/risultati_elezioni_politiche_pd_centrodestra_m5s_fi_lega-190424815/|title=Elezioni politiche: vincono M5s e Lega. Crollo del Partito democratico. Centrodestra prima coalizione. Il Carroccio sorpassa Forza Italia|work=La Repubblica|language=it|date=4 March 2018|access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Sala|first=Alessandro|date=3 April 2018|url=http://www.corriere.it/elezioni-2018/notizie/elezioni-2018-exit-poll-risultati-proiezioni-spoglio-eb21387e-1ff1-11e8-a09a-92b478235f6f.shtml|title=Elezioni 2018: M5S primo partito, nel centrodestra la Lega supera FI|work=Corriere della Sera|language=it|access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref> however, no political group or party won an outright majority, resulting in a [[hung parliament]].<ref name="DW 2018"/>

The [[2018 Italian government formation]] lasted three months and the [[Conte I Cabinet]] was formed on 1 June between the M5S and the League, whose leaders both became [[Deputy Prime Minister of Italy|deputy prime ministers]] in a populist [[coalition government]] led by the M5S-linked independent [[Giuseppe Conte]] as [[Prime Minister of Italy]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ansamed.info/ansamed/en/news/nations/europe/2018/06/01/italy-conte-to-lead-government-of-change_c823678e-977f-4cc6-be96-6ce9d524e749.html|title=Italy: Conte to lead 'government of change'|publisher=ANSAMed|language=it|date=1 June 2018|access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref> The [[2019 Italian government crisis]] started when the League withdrew its support of the government and the coalition ended with Conte's resignation on 20 August.<ref>{{cite news|last=Giuffrida|first=Angela|date=20 August 2019|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/aug/20/italian-pm-expected-resign-giuseppe-conte|title=Italian PM resigns with attack on 'opportunist' Salvini|work=The Guardian|access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref> A new M5S-led coalition was formed with the centre-left PD and the [[Free and Equal (Italy)|Free and Equal]] left-wing [[parliamentary group]], with Conte at its head, on 5 September 2019.<ref>{{cite news|last=Tidey|first=Alice|date=5 September 2019|url=https://www.euronews.com/2019/09/05/italy-s-new-coalition-conte-pm-di-maio-foreign-minister-as-government-sworn-in|title=Conte PM & Di Maio foreign minister as new Italian government sworn in|website=Euronews|access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Fusaro|first=Carlo|date=22 September 2019|url=https://verfassungsblog.de/italia-viva-party-system-reform-morta/|title=Italia Viva, Party System Reform Morta: What Matteo Renzi's split from the PD means for democracy and stability in Italy and beyond|journal=Verfassungsblog: On Matters Constitutional|doi=10.17176/20190922-232352-0|access-date=13 February 2022}}</ref> Amid the [[2021 Italian government crisis]], the [[Conte II Cabinet]] was replaced by a [[national unity government]] headed by [[Mario Draghi]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Pianta|first=Mario|date=April 2021|url=https://www.intereconomics.eu/contents/year/2021/number/2/article/italy-s-political-turmoil-and-mario-draghi-s-european-challenges.html|title=Italy's Political Turmoil and Mario Draghi's European Challenges|journal=Intereconomics|volume=56|issue=2|pages=82–85|doi=10.1007/s10272-021-0958-9|pmid=33840824|pmc=8021634|access-date=13 February 2022}}</ref>

== Background ==
In the [[2013 Italian general election]] held in March, none of the three main alliances (the [[centre-right coalition]] led by [[Silvio Berlusconi]], the [[centre-left coalition]] led by [[Pier Luigi Bersani]], and the [[anti-establishment]], populist [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S) led by [[Beppe Grillo]]) won an outright majority in the [[Italian Parliament]]. After a failed attempt to form a government by Bersani, then-secretary of the [[Democratic Party (Italy)|Democratic Party]] (PD), and [[Giorgio Napolitano]]'s reluctantly-accepted second term as [[President of Italy]] in the [[2013 Italian presidential election]] held in April, [[Enrico Letta]], Bersani's deputy, received the task of forming a [[Grand coalition (Italy)|grand coalition]] government. The [[Letta Cabinet]] consisted of the PD, Berlusconi's [[The People of Freedom]] (PdL), [[Civic Choice]] (SC), the [[Union of the Centre (2002)|Union of the Centre]] (UDC), and the [[Italian Radicals]] (RI).<ref>{{cite web|last=Dionisi|first=Brenda|date=9 May 2013|url=http://www.theflorentine.net/articles/article-view.asp?issuetocId=8488&browse-by=News&level=National-News|url-status=dead|title=It's a governissimo!|website=The Florentine|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210181530/http://www.theflorentine.net/articles/article-view.asp?issuetocId=8488&browse-by=News&level=National-News|archive-date=10 December 2014|access-date=10 December 2014}}</ref>

On 16 November 2013, Berlusconi launched a new party, [[Forza Italia (2013)|Forza Italia]] (FI), named after the defunct [[Forza Italia]] party (1994–2009).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-italy-berlusconi-idUSBRE9AE15M20131116|publisher=Reuters|title=Berlusconi breaks away from Italian government after party splits|date=16 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202232953/https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/11/16/us-italy-berlusconi-idUSBRE9AE15M20131116|archive-date=2 December 2013}}</ref> Additionally, Berlusconi announced that FI would be opposed to Letta's government, causing the split from the PdL/FI of a large group of deputies and senators led by Minister of Interior [[Angelino Alfano]], who launched the alternative [[New Centre-Right]] (NCD) party and remained loyal to the government,<ref>{{cite news|last=Lorenzo|first=Fuccaro|date=16 November 2013|url=http://archivio.corriere.it/Archivio/interface/landing.html|url-status=dead|title=È rottura tra Berlusconi e Alfano Il vicepremier annuncia i nuovi gruppi|work=Corriere della Sera|language=it|pages=8–9|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203023906/http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2013/novembre/16/rottura_tra_Berlusconi_Alfano_vicepremier_co_0_20131116_655ef574-4e8a-11e3-9c1a-7bb9640fad0f.shtml|archive-date=3 December 2013|access-date=18 February 2022}}</ref> which also came to include the [[Populars for Italy]] (PpI).<ref>{{cite web|last=Romano|first=Lucio|date=16 December 2013|url=https://formiche.net/2013/12/cosi-popolari-per-litalia-si-preparano-europee-parla-romano/|title=Così i popolari per l'Italia si preparano alle Europee. Parola di Lucio Romano|website=Formiche|language=it|access-date=18 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Argano|first=Fabrizia|date=9 January 2014|url=https://formiche.net/2014/01/proposte-popolari-per-litalia-letta/|title=Tutte le proposte dei Popolari 'Per l'Italia' a Letta|website=Formiche|language=it|access-date=18 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Argano|first=Fabrizia|date=28 January 2014|url=https://formiche.net/2014/01/lo-schema-delle-alleanze-dei-popolari-mauro/|title=Lo schema delle alleanze dei Popolari di Mauro|website=Formiche|language=it|access-date=18 February 2022}}</ref>

Following the election of [[Matteo Renzi]] as secretary of the PD in December 2013, there were persistent tensions culminating in Letta's resignation as Prime Minister in February 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thelocal.it/20161205/in-pictures-the-defining-moments-of-renzis-time-in-office/|title=In Pictures: The defining moments of Renzi's time as PM|website=The Local|date=5 December 2016|access-date=11 February 2022|postscript=. Updated 8 December 2016.}}</ref> The [[Renzi Cabinet]] was based on the same coalition, including the NCD, but in a new fashion.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.corriere.it/politica/14_febbraio_21/renzi-47-8-anni-media-governo-piu-giovane-sempre-4e140a1e-9b27-11e3-8ea8-da6384aa5c66.shtml|title=Renzi: con 47, 8 anni di media, è il governo più giovane di sempre|newspaper=Corriere Della Sera|language=it|date=21 February 2014|access-date=23 February 2014}}</ref> The new Prime Minister had a strong mandate from the PD, which was reinforced in May by the party's strong showing in the [[2014 European Parliament election in Italy]];<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/eu-election-italy-idUSL6N0OC21V20140526|title=Update 2-Renzi's triumph in EU vote gives mandate for Italian reform|date=26 May 2014|publisher=Reuters|access-date=9 June 2015}}</ref> the [[2015 Italian presidential election]] resulted in the election of [[Sergio Mattarella]], a former PD member, as the president of Italy in January.<ref>{{cite news|last=Finzi|first=Fabrizio|date=6 December 2021|url=https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/politica/2021/12/02/quirinale-2015-mattarella-al-colle-_d75adb1d-02b5-4e65-94b9-85ac3027f6c0.html|title=Quirinale 2015: Mattarella al Colle, il capolavoro di Renzi|publisher=ANSA|language=it|access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref> While in power, Renzi implemented several reforms, including the [[Italian electoral law of 2015]] (''Italicum'') that would be declared partially unconstitutional by the [[Constitutional Court of Italy]] in January 2017 and replaced by the [[Italian electoral law of 2017]] (''Rosatellum''),<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ilpost.it/2017/02/10/motivazioni-corte-costituzionale-sentenza-italicum/|title=Perché l'Italicum è incostituzionale|work=Il Post|language=it|date=10 February 2017|access-date=19 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Rubino|first=Monica|date=26 October 2017|url=https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2017/10/26/news/legge_elettorale_verdini_noi_sempre_in_maggioranza_e_ci_resteremo_-179372181/|title=Il Rosatellum bis è legge dello Stato: via libera definitivo al Senato con 214 sì|work=La Repubblica|language=it|access-date=19 February 2022}}</ref> and a relaxation of labour and employment laws known as the [[Jobs Act (Italy)|Jobs Act]] with the intention of boosting economic growth that would also found by the same court to be partially unconstitutional in September 2018,<ref>{{cite news|last=Colarusso|first=Gabriella|date=26 September 2018|url=https://www.repubblica.it/economia/2018/09/26/news/senza_sul_jobs_act_ecco_cosa_cambia-207420537/|title=Sentenza sul Jobs Act, ecco cosa cambia|work=La Repubblica|language=it|access-date=9 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Martino|first=Enzo|date=3 October 2018|url=https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2018/10/03/jobs-act-il-criterio-di-indennizzo-e-incostituzionale-cosi-crolla-uno-dei-pilastri-della-riforma-renzi/4664608/|title=Jobs act, il criterio di indennizzo è incostituzionale. Così crolla uno dei pilastri della riforma Renzi|work=Il Fatto Quotidiano|language=it|access-date=9 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Covelli|first=Roberta|date=9 November 2018|url=https://www.fanpage.it/politica/la-corte-costituzionale-ha-smontato-il-jobs-act-di-renzi-e-anche-il-decreto-di-maio/|title=La Corte Costituzionale ha smontato il Jobs act di Renzi (e anche il decreto Di Maio)|work=Fanpage|language=it|access-date=9 February 2022}}</ref> which was upheld in July 2020,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tg24.sky.it/lavoro/2020/07/16/lavoro-jobsact-licenziamento|title=Consulta: no indennità licenziamento ancorata ad anzianità servizio|website=Sky TG24|language=it|date=16 July 2020|access-date=9 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://tg24.sky.it/politica/2020/07/16/sentenza-corte-costituzionale-firma-donne|title=Corte Costituzionale, la firma storica di tre donne sulla sentenza del Jobs Act|website=Sky TG24|language=it|date=16 July 2020|access-date=9 February 2022}}</ref> plus a thorough reform of the [[public administration]], the simplification of the [[civil trial]], the [[Recognition of same-sex unions in Italy|recognition of same-sex unions]] (not marriages), and the abolition of several minor taxes.<ref>{{cite news|last=Totaro|first=Lorenzo|date=15 October 2015|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-10-15/renzi-gives-italians-lower-taxes-higher-cash-use-to-back-growth|title=Renzi Gives Italians Lower Taxes, Higher Cash Use to Back Growth|publisher=Bloomberg|access-date=9 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Kirchgaessner|first=Stephanie|date=22 February 2016|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/feb/22/they-need-a-possibility-of-a-future-has-matteo-renzi-given-italy-what-it-needs|title='They need a possibility of a future': has Matteo Renzi given Italy what it needs?|work=The Guardian|access-date=9 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Balmer|first=Crispian|date=28 September 2016|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-italy-renzi-reform-analysis-idUSKCN11Y14U|title=Renzi's reforms leave Italian economy and voters flat|publisher=Reuters|access-date=11 February 2022}}</ref>

As a result of the [[Libyan Civil War (2014–present)|Libyan Civil War]], a major problem faced by Renzi was the high level of illegal [[immigration to Italy]]. During his tenure, there was an increase in the number of immigrants rescued at sea being brought to southern Italian ports, prompting criticism from the M5S, FI, and the [[Lega Nord|Northern League]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-33055771|title=Italy PM Renzi attacks northern regions for refusing migrants|publisher=BBC|date=8 June 2015|access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/aug/23/italy-coastguard-3000-migrants-rescued-one-day|title=Italy coastguard: 3,000 migrants rescued in one day in Mediterranean|website=The Guardian|publisher=Agence France-Presse|date=23 August 2015|access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref> and causing a loss of popularity for Renzi.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ilgiornale.it/news/politica/lanalisi-sondaggista-limmigrazione-renzi-perde-i-2-e-i-4-mil-1163247.html|title=L'analisi del sondaggista: 'Con l'immigrazione, Renzi perde tra i 2 e i 4 milioni di voti'|language=it|work=Il Giornale|date=25 August 2015|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref> Into 2016, [[Opinion polling for the 2018 Italian general election|opinion polls]] registered the PD's strength, the growth of the M5S, the Northern League, and [[Brothers of Italy]] (FdI), FI's decline, SC's disappearance, and the replacement of [[Left Ecology Freedom]] (SEL) with [[Italian Left]] (SI).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sondaggibidimedia.com/sondaggio-bidimedia-25-febbraio-nuove-forze-sinistra/2/|title=Sondaggio Bidimedia – 25 Febbraio: le due nuove forze a Sinistra del PD superano il 10%|website=Sondaggi Bidimedia|language=it|date=25 August 2016|access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref>

[[File:Matteo Renzi alla conferenza stampa post referendum costituzionale 2016.jpg|thumb|left|220px|[[Matteo Renzi]] announcing his resignation after the 2016 [[constitutional referendum]] result]]
In the [[2016 Italian constitutional referendum]], a [[constitutional reform]] proposed by Renzi's government and duly approved by Parliament was rejected 59% to 41%.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Negri|first1=Fedra|last2=Rebessi|first2=Elisa|date=January 2018|title=Was Mattarella Worth the Trouble? Explaining the Failure of the 2016 Italian Constitutional Referendum|journal=Italian Political Science Review|publisher=Cambridge University Press|volume=48|issue=2|pages=177–196|doi=10.1017/ipo.2017.29|hdl=2434/562060|s2cid=158906172}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Di Mauro|first1=Danilo|last2=Memoli|first2=Vincenzo|date=February 2018|title=Targeting the Government in the Referendum: The Aborted 2016 Italian Constitutional Reform|journal=Italian Political Science Review|publisher=Cambridge University Press|volume=48|issue=2|pages=133–157|doi=10.1017/ipo.2017.31|s2cid=158555880}}</ref> Under the reform, the Senate would have been composed of 100 members, of which 95 are regional representatives and five are presidential appointees.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-italy-politics-idUSKBN0EW0DO20140621|title=Italian parties reach deal on Senate reform|publisher=Reuters|date=21 June 2014|access-date=25 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/49d553ec-71e3-11e5-9b9e-690fdae72044.html#axzz3pqfrJMXD|title=Renzi wins Senate victory over Italy's political gridlock|last=Politi|first=James|date=13 October 2015|newspaper=Financial Times|issn=0307-1766|access-date=6 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.italy24.ilsole24ore.com/art/politics/2015-10-13/via-libera-riforma-senato-130528.php|title=Italy's constitutional reform gets the green light from the Senate, the opposition leaves the floor|work=Il Sole 24 Ore|language=it|access-date=6 August 2016}}</ref> Following defeat in December 2016, Renzi stepped down as Prime Minister and was replaced by Minister of Foreign Affairs [[Paolo Gentiloni]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Gianfreda|first=Stella|year=2021|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v9Q6EAAAQBAJ|title=Where Do the Parties Stand?: Political Competition on Immigration and the EU in National and European Parliamentary Debates|publisher=Springer Nature|page=21|isbn=978-3-030-77588-9|access-date=9 February 2022}}</ref> another PD member and deputy.<ref name=cor2>{{cite news|last=Rovelli|first=Michela|title=Governo, Gentiloni accetta l'incarico di governo: 'Un grande onore'|url=http://www.corriere.it/la-crisi-di-governo/notizie/crisi-governo-sergio-mattarella-convoca-gentiloni-quirinale-6b7c7ed8-bf78-11e6-ab31-2a5a06e0ce0a.shtml|access-date=11 December 2016|work=Corriere della Sera|language=it|date=11 December 2016}}</ref>

In early 2017, in opposition to Renzi's policies, some left-wing PD members led by Bersani, [[Massimo D'Alema]], and [[Roberto Speranza]] launched, along with SI splinters, the [[Article One (political party)|Democratic and Progressive Movement]] (MDP).<ref>{{cite news|last=Stefanoni|first=Franco|url=http://www.corriere.it/politica/17_febbraio_25/ecco-nome-fuorusciti-pd-democratici-progressisti-4c70ae0c-fb45-11e6-8df2-f7ebe5fcea94.shtml|title=Ecco il nome degli ex Pd: Articolo 1 Movimento dei democratici e progressisti|date=25 February 2017|work=Corriere della Sera|language=it|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/notizie/2017-02-25/democratici-e-progressisti-nuovo-nome-ex-pd-speranza-lavoro-e-nostra-priorita-113550.shtml|title='Democratici e progressisti' il nuovo nome degli ex Pd. Speranza: lavoro è nostra priorità|work=Il Sole 24 Ore|language=it|date=25 February 2017|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref> Contextually, the NCD was transformed into [[Popular Alternative]] (AP).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/politica/2017/03/18/ncd-finisce-nasce-alternativa-popolare_88487beb-aee6-4b26-adc1-512f8988d102.html|title=Ncd finisce, nasce Alternativa Popolare|publisher=ANSA|language=it|date=18 March 2017|access-date=20 February 2022}}</ref> In April, Renzi was re-elected secretary of the PD and became the party's candidate for Prime Minister,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.repubblica.it/politica/2017/04/30/news/primarie_pd_elezioni_segretario_scrutinio-164320193/|title=Primarie Pd, Renzi vince nettamente: 'Al fianco del governo'|work=La Repubblica|language=it|date=30 April 2017|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref> defeating Minister of Justice [[Andrea Orlando]] and the governor of Apulia [[Michele Emiliano]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.it/2017/05/01/i-dati-definitivi-delle-primarie-renzi-70-orlando-19-5-emil_a_22063333/|title=I dati definitivi delle primarie: Renzi 70%, Orlando 19,5%, Emiliano 10,49%|date=May 2017|website=L'HuffPost|language=it|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.primariepd2017.it|title=Primarie|website=Primerie PD 2017|publisher=Partito Democratico|language=it|access-date=27 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325225112/http://www.primariepd2017.it/|archive-date=25 March 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In May 2017, [[Matteo Salvini]] was re-elected federal secretary of the Northern League and launched his own bid.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://milano.repubblica.it/cronaca/2017/05/14/news/lega_nord_primarie-165396825/|title=Primarie Lega, Salvini centra l'obiettivo: con l'82,7% resta segretario. L'attacco di Bossi: 'Con lui la Lega è finita'|work=La Repubblica|language=it|date=14 May 2017|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.affaritaliani.it/politica/lega-salvini-avverte-berlusconi-maggioritario-se-vuoi-davvero-vincere-480199.html|title=Lega, Salvini avverte Berlusconi: 'Maggioritario se vuoi davvero vincere'|website=Affari Italiani|language=it|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref> Under Salvini, the party had emphasised [[Euroscepticism]], [[opposition to immigration]], and other [[right-wing populist]] policies.<ref name="spiegel">{{cite news|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/0,1518,719842,00.html|title=Continent of Fear: The Rise of Europe's Right-Wing Populists|newspaper=Der Spiegel|date=28 September 2010|access-date=3 January 2015}}</ref> His aim had been to re-launch it as a [[nationalist]] party, withering any notion of northern separatism. This focus became particularly evident in December 2017, when the party (''Lega Nord'') presented its new electoral logo dropping ''Nord'' ("Northern").<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rainews.it/dl/rainews/articoli/lega-simbolo-via-nord-Salvini-premier-a6ca9637-6154-45e2-a98c-f91fda0893ea.html|title=Lega. Ecco il simbolo, via Nord ma con Salvini premier|publisher=Rai|language=it|date=21 December 2017|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref> That same month, the [[Lega (political party)|League per Salvini Premier]] was founded as a sister party to promote Salvini's candidature as Prime Minister. Political commentators have since described it as a parallel party of the League, with the aim of politically replacing the latter, which had been burdened by a statutory debt of €49 million.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rainews.it/dl/rainews/articoli/centrodestra-salvini-seppellisce-il-vecchio-carroccio-e-fonda-un-altro-partito-dfa2c0d9-9f75-4983-95ae-110f83bbbb4b.html|title=Centrodestra. Salvini seppellisce il vecchio Carroccio e fonda un altro partito|publisher=Rai|language=it|date=24 January 2018|access-date=18 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Vecchi|first=Davide|date=24 January 2018|url=https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/premium/articoli/soldi-e-poltrone-salvini-schiera-il-partito-parallelo|title=Lega, Salvini schiera il 'partito parallelo' per seppellire il vecchio Carroccio su cui pendono sequestri e confische|work=Il Fatto Quotidiano|language=it|access-date=18 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Cremonesi|first=Marco|date=26 October 2018|url=https://milano.corriere.it/notizie/politica/18_ottobre_26/salvini-vara-nuova-lega-via-simbolo-alberto-giussano-sara-sovranista-statuto-5ba7f9c2-d89b-11e8-8a41-5d7293f8c00a.shtml|title=Salvini, via alla nuova Lega: sovranista per statuto e senza Alberto da Giussano|work=Corriere della Sera|language=it|access-date=18 February 2022}}</ref>

In September 2017, [[Luigi Di Maio]] was selected as candidate for Prime Minister and political head of the M5S, replacing Grillo;<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.repubblica.it/politica/2017/09/23/news/rimini_grillo_canta_il_rock_sul_palco_di_rimini_fico_giu_dal_palco_anche_oggi-176268214/|title=M5s, Di Maio eletto candidato premier e nuovo capo politico. Ma alle primarie votano solo in 37 mila|work=La Repubblica|language=it|date=23 September 2017|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Imarisio|first=Marco|url=http://www.corriere.it/politica/17_settembre_24/incoronazione-gelida-4a90d796-a0a0-11e7-bad7-1b467cbbafcc.shtml|title=Movimento 5 Stelle: l'incoronazione gelida. E Di Maio promette a tutti 'disciplina e onore'|date=23 September 2017|work=Corriere della Sera|language=it|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref> in the following months, Grillo was accused by critics of continuing to play his role as ''de facto'' leader of the party, while an increasingly important, albeit unofficial, role was assumed by [[Davide Casaleggio]], son of [[Gianroberto Casaleggio|Gianroberto]], a web strategist who founded the M5S along with Grillo in 2009 and died in 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.polisblog.it/post/373565/chi-comanda-ora-nel-movimento-5-stelle-il-ruolo-di-davide-casaleggio|title=Chi comanda ora nel Movimento 5 Stelle? Il ruolo di Davide Casaleggio|website=Polisblog|language=it|date=19 April 2016|access-date=18 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.repubblica.it/politica/2016/09/21/news/davide_casaleggio_m5s-148271023/|title=M5s, la prima volta di Davide Casaleggio|work=La Repubblica|language=it|date=21 September 2016|access-date=18 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nextquotidiano.it/nuovo-regolamento-m5s-casaleggio-espulsioni/|title=Il nuovo regolamento M5S e il ruolo di Davide Casaleggio nelle espulsioni|website=NextQuotidiano|language=it|date=26 September 2016|access-date=18 April 2017}}</ref> In January 2018, Grillo separated his own [[blog]] from the movement; his blog was used in the previous years as an [[online newspaper]] of the M5S and the main propaganda tool.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ilpost.it/2018/01/23/blog-beppe-grillo-cambiato/|title=Il blog di Beppe Grillo è cambiato|date=23 January 2018}}</ref> This event was seen by many as the proof that Grillo was slowly leaving politics.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://espresso.repubblica.it/attualita/2018/01/15/news/grillo-si-riprende-il-blog-e-inizia-il-distacco-dal-m5s-1.317017|title=Grillo si riprende il blog e continua il suo distacco dal M5S|magazine=L'Espresso|language=it|date=15 January 2018|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref>

The autumn registered some major developments to the left of the political spectrum. In November, the RI, [[Forza Europa (2017)|Forza Europa]], and individual [[Liberalism|liberals]] launched a joint list named [[More Europe]] (+E), led by the long-time RI leader [[Emma Bonino]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.lastampa.it/2017/11/23/italia/politica/i-radicali-alle-elezioni-da-soli-la-nuova-lista-si-chiamer-europa-9vVPiGh2xoYXqExCOow4cP/pagina.html|title=I radicali alle elezioni da soli: la nuova lista si chiamerà '+ Europa'|work=La Stampa|language=it|date=23 November 2017|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref> In December, the MDP, SI, and [[Possible (Italy)|Possible]] launched a joint list named [[Free and Equal (Italy)|Free and Equal]] (LeU) under the leadership of [[Pietro Grasso]], the [[President of the Senate of the Republic (Italy)|president]] of the [[Senate of the Republic (Italy)|Senate]] and former anti-mafia prosecutor.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://ilmanifesto.it/nasce-liberi-e-uguali-grasso-si-presenta-bene|title=Liberi e Uguali, Grasso si presenta bene|work=Il Manifesto|language=it|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref> That same month, the [[Italian Socialist Party (2007)|Italian Socialist Party]], the [[Federation of the Greens]], [[Civic Area]], and [[Progressive Area]] formed a list named [[Together (Italy)|Together]] in support of the PD,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.it/2017/12/14/ritorna-in-piccolo-lulivo-e-lavversario-e-sempre-lo-stesso-siamo-gli-unici-che-hanno-battuto-due-volte-berlusconi_a_23307177|title=Ritorna, in piccolo, L'Ulivo e l'avversario è sempre lo stesso: 'Siamo gli unici che hanno battuto due volte Berlusconi'|website=L'HuffPost|language=it|date=14 December 2017|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref> and the [[Communist Refoundation Party]], the [[Italian Communist Party (2016)|Italian Communist Party]], [[Self-managed social centers in Italy|social centres]], minor parties, local committees, associations, and groups launched a [[far-left]] joint list named [[Power to the People (Italy)|Power to the People]] (PaP) under the leadership of [[Viola Carofalo]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Pollice|first=Adriana|date=16 December 2017|url=https://ilmanifesto.it/debutta-potere-al-popolo-non-siamo-la-terza-lista-di-sinistra-ma-lunica|title=Debutta Potere al popolo: 'Non siamo la terza lista di sinistra, ma l'unica'|newspaper=Il manifesto|language=it|access-date=19 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Carofalo|first=Viola|date=10 February 2018|url=https://poterealpopolo.org/in-risposta-a-luciana-castellina-e-il-suo-articolo-lerrore-di-strategia-della-lista-potere-al-popolo|title=In risposta a Luciana Castellina e il suo articolo 'L'errore di strategia della lista Potere al Popolo'|publisher=Potere al Popolo|language=it|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref>

In late December 2017, the centrist post-NCD [[Popular Alternative]] (AP), which had been a key coalition partner for the PD, divided itself among those who wanted to return into the centre-right's fold and those who supported Renzi's coalition. Two groups of AP splinters (one led by [[Maurizio Lupi]] and the other by [[Enrico Costa (politician)|Enrico Costa]]) formed, along with [[Direction Italy]], [[Civic Choice]], [[Act! (Italy)|Act!]], [[Cantiere Popolare]], and the [[Movement for the Autonomies]], a joint list within the centre-right named [[Us with Italy]] (NcI).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ilgiornale.it/news/politica/nasce-noi-litalia-quarta-gamba-centrodestra-1475804.html|title=Nasce Noi con l'Italia, la 'quarta gamba' del centrodestra|language=it|work=Il Giornale|date=19 December 2017|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref> The list was later enlarged to the [[Union of the Centre (2002)|Union of the Centre]] and other minor parties.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ilgiornale.it/news/politica/simbolo-e-liste-pronta-quarta-gamba-1481433.html|title=Simbolo e liste: è pronta la 'quarta gamba'|language=it|work=Il Giornale|date=19 December 2017|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref> The remaining members of the AP, [[Italy of Values]], [[Centrists for Europe]], [[Solidary Democracy]], and minor groups joined forces in the pro-PD [[Popular Civic List]] (CP) led by Minister of Health [[Beatrice Lorenzin]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.repubblica.it/politica/2017/12/29/news/nasce_la_lista_centrista_alleata_col_pd_sara_guidata_da_lorenzin-185423728/|title=Nasce 'Civica popolare', lista centrista alleata col Pd: sarà guidata dalla Lorenzin|work=La Repubblica|language=it|date=29 December 2017|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref>

On 28 December 2017, President Mattarella dissolved the [[parliament]] and a new [[general election]] was called for 4 March 2018.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ball|first1=Deborah|first2=Giovanni|last2=Legorano|date=28 December 2017|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/italys-president-calls-national-elections-as-country-grapples-with-economic-pain-1514481781|title=Italy's President Calls National Elections, as Country Grapples With Economic Pain|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=18 February 2022}}</ref>

On 21 February 2018, [[Marco Minniti]], the [[Italian Minister of the Interior]], warned: "There is a concrete risk of the mafias conditioning electors' free vote."<ref>{{cite news|title=Italians warned of Mafia meddling in the upcoming election|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/02/22/italian-election-could-see-mafia-interference.html|access-date=22 February 2018|agency=CNBC|publisher=Holly Ellyatt|date=22 February 2018}}</ref> The [[Sicilian Mafia]] have been active in Italian election meddling; the [[Camorra]] and [['Ndrangheta]] organisations have also taken an interest.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mafia risk on elections – Minniti (3)|url=http://www.ansa.it/english/news/general_news/2018/02/21/mafia-risk-on-elections-minniti-3_01927267-9b17-42b0-813b-6c023b4c957c.html|publisher=ANSA|language=it|date=21 February 2018|access-date=22 February 2018}}</ref>

In late February 2018, Berlusconi indicated [[Antonio Tajani]], the president of the [[European Parliament]], as his candidate for the premiership if the centre-right coalition won the general election,<ref>{{cite news|last=Cooper|first=Harry|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/silvio-berlusconi-indicates-antonio-tajani-will-be-his-choice-for-pm-italy-election/|title=Berlusconi indicates Tajani will be his choice for PM|work=Politico|date=23 February 2018|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref> and if FI achieved a plurality of the votes inside the coalition, condition that did not occur, resulting in a victory of the League, the party led by Salvini.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2018/03/13/news/salvini_trattative_presidenze_camera_senato-191219993/|title=Centrodestra, Salvini condurrà la trattativa sulle presidenze di Camera e Senato|work=La Repubblica|language=it|date=13 March 2018|access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref>

== Campaign ==
The first phase of the electoral campaign was marked by the statement of President Mattarella to parties for the presentation of "realistic and concrete" proposals during the traditional end of the year's message, in which he also expressed the wish for a high participation in the ballot.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2017/12/31/mattarella-il-discorso-di-fine-anno-partiti-hanno-il-dovere-di-programmi-realistici-fiducia-nei-giovani-al-voto/4068072/|title=Mattarella, il discorso di fine anno: 'I partiti hanno il dovere di programmi realistici. Fiducia nei giovani al voto'|work=Il Fatto Quotidiano|language=it|date=31 December 2017|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref>

=== Electoral programmes ===
[[File:Matteo Renzi Lingotto.jpg|thumb|Renzi speaking at [[Lingotto]] convention]]
The electoral programme of the PD included, among the main points, the introduction of a minimum hourly wage of €10, a measure that would affect 15% of workers, that is those workers who do not adhere to the national collective agreements, plus a cut of the contributory wedge for permanent contracts, a relocation allowance and an increase in subsidies for the [[unemployed]], a monthly allowance of €80 for parents for each minor child, fiscal detraction of €240 for parents with children, and the progressive reduction of the rates of IRPEF and IRES, respectively the [[income tax]] and the [[corporate tax]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.partitodemocratico.it/politiche-2018/piu-forte-piu-giusta-italia-programma-del-pd/|title=Programma PD – Elezioni Politiche 2018|publisher=Partito Democratico|language=it|date=7 February 2018|access-date=7 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.raiplay.it/video/2018/01/Porta-a-Porta-946b760d-22f6-4585-890c-7f927a2e56b4.html|title=Porta a Porta 2017/18 – Puntata del 10/01/2018|publisher=Rai|language=it|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.repubblica.it/politica/2018/02/02/news/pd_programma_elettorale_matteo_renzi-187887650/|title=Pd, Renzi ecco il programma elettorale: 240 euro al mese per figlio. 'Taglio contributi tempo indeterminato'|work=La Repubblica|language=it|date=2 February 2018|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref> Regarding [[immigration]], which had been a major problem in Italy for the previous years, the PD advocated a reduction in migrant flows through bilateral agreements with the countries of origin and pretended to a halt to [[European Union]] funding for countries like [[Hungary]] and [[Poland]] that have refused to take in any of the 600,000 migrants who have reached Italy through the Mediterranean over the past four years.<ref>{{cite news|last=Cooper|first=Harry|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/italy-election-2018-pledges-pizza-pazza/|title=Italian election pledges: Pizza or pazza?|work=Politico|date=13 February 2018|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref> Among the PD's allies, the CP proposed free [[nursery school]]s, a [[tax exemption]] for [[corporate welfare]], and other measures regarding public health, including the contrast to the long waiting list in [[hospital]]s, the abolition of the so-called "supertickets", and an extension of home care for the elderly.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.raiplay.it/video/2018/01/Porta-a-Porta-777898f7-16c2-43a2-9dd2-f66aaf2c9dd8.html|title=Porta a Porta 2017/18 – Puntata del 16/01/2018|publisher=Rai|language=it|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref> +E advocated the re-launch of the process of [[European integration]] and [[federalisation of the European Union]] towards the formation of the [[United States of Europe]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.repubblica.it/politica/2017/11/23/news/radicali_italiani_lista_europeista-181892110/|title=Radicali italiani, ecco la lista europeista di Bonino e Della Vedova|work=La Repubblica|language=it|date=23 November 2017|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref> This was also supported by the PD, with the PD's leader Renzi saying the United States of Europe is the future.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/notizie/2018-01-20/renzi-futuro-sono-stati-uniti-d-europa-125652.shtml|title=Renzi: il futuro sono gli Stati Uniti d'Europa|work=Il Sole 24 Ore|language=it|date=20 January 2018|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref> In opposition to the PD's policies implemented by Minister of Interior [[Marco Minniti]], +E advocated the [[social integration]] of migrants.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/notizie/2018-02-13/migranti-e-legittima-difesa-e-campagna-sicurezza-063551.shtml|title=Migranti e legittima difesa, è campagna sulla sicurezza|work=Il Sole 24 Ore|language=it|date=13 February 2018|access-date=4 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214141951/http://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/notizie/2018-02-13/migranti-e-legittima-difesa-e-campagna-sicurezza-063551.shtml|archive-date=14 February 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:Silvio Berlusconi - Trento 2018 04.jpg|thumb|left|Berlusconi in [[Trento]] during the electoral campaign]]
The main proposal of the centre-right coalition was a [[tax reform]] based on the introduction of a [[flat tax]]; for Berlusconi, it was initially based on the lowest current rate (23%) with the threshold raised to €12,000, then proceeding to a gradual reduction of the rate, while according to Salvini the tax rate should be only 15%. The economic newspaper ''[[Il Sole 24 Ore]]'' estimated the cost of this measure at around €25 billion per year calculated with a 20% rate, or €40 billion with 15%.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/notizie/2018-01-01/da-flat-tax-ad-abolizione-legge-fornero-quanto-costano-promesse-elettorali-partiti-215238.shtml|title=Dalla flat tax all'abolizione della legge Fornero, quanto costano le promesse elettorali dei partiti|work=Il Sole 24 Ore|language=it|date=1 January 2018|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref> Berlusconi also proposed the cancellation of IRAP, a tax on productivity, plus increase of minimum pensions to €1,000, the introduction of a "dignity income" to fight [[poverty]], the end of contribution on youth recruitment, changes to the [[Fornero Law]], which regulated [[pension]]s, and the launch of a [[Marshall Plan]] for [[Africa]] to reduce illegal immigration to Italy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.raiplay.it/video/2018/01/Porta-a-Porta-c8aa5419-803c-49f9-be36-8fb1210dc88a.html|title=Porta a Porta 2017/18 – Puntata del 11/01/2018|publisher=Rai|language=it|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref> Within FI, there were some representatives of the [[Animalist Movement]] led by [[Michela Vittoria Brambilla]], whose main focus was the banning of [[fur clothing]] and stricter controls in [[circus]]es, free veterinary care, and the establishment of an [[ombudsman]] for [[animal rights]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lastampa.it/2018/01/20/italia/politica/stop-agli-allevamenti-per-le-pellicce-e-interventi-nei-circhi-il-programma-animalista-di-berlusconi-0U5ZmWC0cIib3Xed5DrwKO/pagina.html|title='Stop agli allevamenti per le pellicce e interventi nei circhi': il programma animalista di Berlusconi|work=La Stampa|language=it|date=20 January 2018|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref> The League proposed the complete replacement of the Fornero Law and the possibility of retirement with 41 years of contributions, the "scrapping" of tax records for taxpayers in difficulty, an operation that should yield up to €35 billion to the state, and the disbandment of Equitalia, the company that deals with the collection of taxes, plus the abolition of the limit on the use of [[cash]] and the regularization of [[prostitution]];<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.raiplay.it/video/2018/01/Porta-a-Porta-6cf39faf-5a69-426c-a434-2eadea08b565.html|title=Porta a Porta 2017/18 – Puntata del 18/01/2018|publisher=Rai|language=it|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref> moreover, Salvini's main aim was a drastic reduction of [[illegal immigration]] by reintroducing border controls, blocking arrivals, and repatriating all migrants who have no right to stay in Italy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ilpopulista.it/news/16-Gennaio-2018/22420/immigrati-occupano-la-statale-salvini-stanno-male-rispediamoli-a-casa-loro.html|title=Immigrati occupano la Statale, Salvini: 'Stanno male? Rispediamoli a casa loro!'|website=Il Populista|language=it|date=16 January 2018|access-date=4 March 2018|archive-date=19 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219043532/http://www.ilpopulista.it/news/16-Gennaio-2018/22420/immigrati-occupano-la-statale-salvini-stanno-male-rispediamoli-a-casa-loro.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The FdI proposed free nurseries, a check for €400 per month for newborns up to the six years old to increase [[population growth]], parental leave paid to 80% up to the sixth year of birth, increase in salaries and equipment to [[law enforcement]], the increased use of the [[Italian Army]] as a measure to fight crime, and a new law on [[self-defense]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.raiplay.it/video/2018/01/Porta-a-Porta-d16c00c7-3067-401d-be85-4e5450deaec4.html|title=Porta a Porta 2017/18 – Puntata del 17/01/2018|publisher=Rai|language=it|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref>

The M5S presented a programme whose main points are the introduction of a [[basic income]], known as "income of citizenship", to fight poverty, a measure that would cost between €15 and €20 billion annually, plus the cut of the public debt by 40 points in relation to [[GDP]] in ten years, the adoption of measures to revitalise youth employment, a cut in pensions of over €5,000 net not entirely based on the contribution method, the reduction of IRPEF rates and the extension of the income tax threshold, the increase in spending on family welfare measures from 1.5 to 2.5% of GDP, and a constitutional law that obliges [[members of parliament]] to resign if they intend to change party.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.raiplay.it/video/2018/01/Porta-a-Porta-ee758ef4-933a-445c-a079-16622034d511.html|title=Porta a Porta 2017/18 – Puntata del 09/01/2018|publisher=Rai|language=it|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref> Di Maio also proposed a legislative simplification, starting with the elimination of almost 400 laws with a single legislative provision.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.repubblica.it/politica/2018/01/10/news/di_maio_casaleggio-186195224/|title=M5S, Di Maio: 'Ridurre la burocrazia, aboliremo 400 leggi'. E lancia un sito ad hoc aperto a tutti|work=La Repubblica|language=it|date=10 January 2018|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref>

LeU focused on the so-called right to study, proposing in particular the abolition of [[tuition fee]]s for students who take the exams regularly, with the estimated cost for the state budget of €1.6 billion. LeU also proposed the reintroducing the [[Workers' Statute (Italy)|Workers' Statute]], which offered protections that were eliminated by the Renzi government's [[Jobs Act (Italy)|Jobs Act]], plus fighting tax evasion, corruption, and organised crime.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2018/01/07/grasso-eliminare-il-canone-rai-noi-vogliamo-abolire-le-tasse-per-luniversita-come-germania-e-cancellare-il-jobs-act/4078294/|title=Grasso: 'Eliminare il canone Rai? Noi vogliamo abolire le tasse per l'università come in Germania. E cancellare il Jobs Act'|work=Il Fatto Quotidiano|language=it|date=24 October 2017|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref>

=== Macerata murder and subsequent attack ===
{{see also|Macerata shooting|Murder of Pamela Mastropietro}}
[[File:Matteo Salvini - Manifestazione Piazza Duomo - 24 Febbraio 2018.jpg|thumb|Salvini speaking at the final rally of his electoral campaign in [[Milan]]]]
On 3 February 2018, a [[drive-by shooting]] event occurred in the city of [[Macerata]], [[Marche]], in [[Central Italy]], where six African migrants were seriously wounded.<ref>{{cite news|last=Povoledo|first=Elisabetta|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/03/world/europe/macerata-italy-shooting.html|title='Racial Hatred' Cited After African Immigrants Are Shot in Italy|work=The New York Times|date=3 February 2018|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref> Luca Traini, a 28-year-old local man, was arrested and charged with attempted murder, and was also charged for the attack against the local headquarters of the ruling PD party.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.repubblica.it/politica/2018/02/03/foto/raid_razzista_a_macerata_colpita_anche_la_sede_pd-187970849/1/|title=Raid razzista a Macerata, colpita anche la sede Pd|work=La Repubblica|language=it|date=3 February 2018|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref> After the attack, Traini reportedly had an [[Italian flag]] draped on his shoulders and raised his arm in the [[fascist salute]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Birnbaum|first1=Michael|last2=Pitrelli|first2=Stefano|date=3 February 2018|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/suspect-shoots-wounds-at-least-six-people-of-color-in-italian-city-amid-tensions/2018/02/03/58c93240-08f1-11e8-ae28-e370b74ea9a7_story.html|title=Man shoots, wounds at least 6 'people of color' in Italian city amid tensions|work=The Washington Post|access-date=18 February 2022}}</ref> Traini stated that the attack was "revenge" for Pamela Mastropietro, an 18-year-old Roman woman whose dismembered body had been found few days earlier, stuffed into two suitcases and dumped in the countryside; for this, three Nigerian [[drug dealer]]s were arrested, the main suspect being Innocent Oseghale, a 29-year-old failed asylum seeker.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ilmessaggero.it/primopiano/cronaca/sparatorie_macerata-3525294.html|title=Macerata, spari da auto in corsa, sei feriti: sono tutti di colore. Una vendetta per Pamela: bloccato un uomo avvolto nel tricolore|date=3 February 2018|work=Il Messaggero|language=it|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ansa.it/english/news/general_news/2018/02/01/nigerian-charged-over-dismembered-teen-4_493333c0-1c12-4cb1-95fe-50b145c46d67.html|title=Nigerian charged over dismembered teen (4)|publisher=ANSA|date=1 February 2018|access-date=18 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Squires|first=Nick|date=3 February 2018|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/02/03/four-migrants-reported-injured-drive-by-shooting-italy/|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=Italian man arrested after African migrants injured in drive-by shootings|website=The Telegraph|agency=Reuters|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/02/03/four-migrants-reported-injured-drive-by-shooting-italy/|archive-date=12 January 2022|access-date=18 February 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Missing body parts had sparked allegations of the murder having been a [[muti killing]] also involving [[cannibalism]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2018/01/31/macerata-donna-fatta-pezzi-e-rinchiusa-due-valigie-abbandonate-il-corpo-e-della-18enne-pamela-mastropietro/4128734/|title=Macerata, donna fatta a pezzi e rinchiusa in due valigie: il corpo è della 18enne Pamela Mastropietro. Fermato un uomo|work=Il Fatto Quotidiano|language=it|date=31 January 2018|access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://roma.corriere.it/notizie/cronaca/18_febbraio_21/omicidio-pamela-mastropietro-caccia-quarto-uomo-casa-macerata-78b3b55c-16fd-11e8-b630-41a05c9e9642.shtml|title=L'omicidio di Pamela Mastropietro: caccia al quarto uomo nella casa di Macerata|work=Corriere della Sera|date=21 February 2018|access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Bucchi|first=Giulio|date=23 February 2018|url=http://www.liberoquotidiano.it/news/italia/13312406/pamela-mastropietro-procura-macerata-massimo-riserbo-svolta-vicina-anomalie-nigeriano-desmond-lucky.html|title=Pamela Mastropietro, svolta clamorosa. A Macerata 'massimo riserbo', il nigeriano e le 'anomalie' che cambiano tutto|work=Libero Quotidiano|language=it|access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref>

The case sparked anger and [[anti-immigrant]] sentiment in Macerata. Traini's lawyer reported "alarming solidarity" for Traini expressed by the populace,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.repubblica.it/cronaca/2018/02/05/news/macerata_11_i_migranti_presi_di_mira_da_traini-188082521/|title=Raid Macerata, Traini voleva uccidere l'omicida di Pamela. Il legale: 'Ricevo allarmante solidarietà'|work=La Repubblica|language=it|date=5 February 2018|access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref> while Mastropietro's mother publicly thanked Traini for "lighting a candle" for her daughter.<ref>{{cite news|last=Legnani|first=Matteo|date=6 February 2018|url=http://www.liberoquotidiano.it/news/italia/13306500/pamela-matropietro-madre-alessandra-verni-ringrazio-luca-traini-cero-acceso-per-mia-figlia.html|title=Pamela Mastropietro, parla la madre: 'Ringrazio Luca Traini per il cero acceso per mia figlia'|work=Libero Quotidiano|language=it|access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref> A second [[autopsy]] of the girl's remains, published after the attack against the African migrants, revealed that Mastropietro had been [[strangled]], [[stabbed]], and then [[flayed]] while still alive.<ref>{{cite news|last=Biccho|first=Michele|date=22 February 2018|url=http://www.liberoquotidiano.it/news/italia/13311773/pamela-mastropietro-autopsia-nigeriani-macerata-scuoiata-ferite-soffrire-manca-pelle-cadavere-fatto-pezzi-mannaia.html|title=Pamela Mastropietro, l'orrore della seconda autopsia: 'I nigeriani l'hanno fatta soffrire, poi scuoiata'|work=Libero Quotidiano|language=it|access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Bertocchi|first=Gabriele|date=22 February 2018|url=http://www.ilgiornale.it/news/cronache/i-risultati-choc-dellautopsia-pamela-mastropietro-senza-20-1497352.html|title=I risultati choc dell'autopsia: 'Pamela Mastropietro senza il 20% di pelle'|work=Il Giornale|language=it|access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref> The murder of Mastropietro and the attack by Traini, and their appraisal by Italian media and the public were "set to become a decisive factor" in the national elections.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mowat|first=Laura|date=20 February 2018|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/921076/Italy-election-2018-immigration-weak-economy-Salvini-Silvio-Berlusconi-debt-Luca-Traini|title=Italy election 2018: How immigration and a weak economy could decide the fate of Europe|work=Sunday Express|access-date=20 February 2018}}</ref>

Traini was a member and former local candidate of the League, and many political commentators, intellectuals, and politicians criticized Salvini in connection with the attack, accusing him of having "spread hate and racism" in the country. [[Roberto Saviano]], the notable anti-mafia writer, labeled Salvini as the "moral instigator" of Traini's attack.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.it/2018/02/03/roberto-saviano-il-mandante-morale-dei-fatti-di-macerata-e-salvini_a_23351937/|title=Roberto Saviano: 'Il mandante morale dei fatti di Macerata è Salvini'|date=3 February 2018|website=L'HuffPost|language=it|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref> Salvini responded to critics by accusing the centre-left government of responsibility for Mastropietro's death through allowing migrants to stay in the country and having "blood on their hands", asserting that the blame lies with those who "fill [Italy] with [[illegal immigrants]]".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.repubblica.it/politica/2018/02/03/news/raid_razziale_a_macerata_salvini_chiunque_spari_e_un_delinquente_-187953469/|title=Raid razzista a Macerata, Salvini: 'Colpa di chi ci riempie di clandestini'. Renzi: 'Ora calma e responsabilità'|work=La Repubblica|language=it|date=3 February 2018|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref>

Prime Minister Gentiloni stated that he "trusts in the sense of responsibility of all political forces. Criminals are criminals and the state will be particularly harsh with anyone that wants to fuel a spiral of violence." Gentiloni added that "hate and violence will not divide Italy".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.it/2018/02/03/renzi-e-di-maio-non-cavalcano-i-fatti-di-macerata-ora-calma-non-strumentalizziamo-grasso-salvini-responsabile-dellodio_a_23351964/|title=Gentiloni: 'Odio e violenza non ci divideranno'. Renzi e Di Maio non cavalcano i fatti di Macerata: 'Ora calma, non strumentalizziamo'|date=3 February 2018|website=L'HuffPost|language=it|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref> Minister Minniti condemned the attack against the Africans, saying that any political party must "ride the hate".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/topnews/2018/02/03/macerata-minniti-nessuno-cavalchi-odio_4d149451-011f-4664-b5b2-bcbb7e5ae014.html|title=Macerata: Minniti, nessuno cavalchi odio|publisher=Ansa|language=it|date=27 January 2018|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref> Renzi, whose party was also accused about its position on immigration, stated that "calm and responsibility" from all political forces would now be necessary.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rai.it/dl/RaiTV/programmi/media/ContentItem-b1f94772-5693-4c51-ad3a-128860d0e0d3-tg1.html|title=Renzi: 'Servono calma e responsabilità'|publisher=Rai|language=it|date=3 February 2018|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref> In the constituency of Macerata, the [[centre-right coalition]], led by the League, won a plurality of the votes in the ballot, electing candidate Tullio Patassini, and showed an increase from 0.4% of the vote in [[2013 Italian general election|2013]] to 21% in 2018, five years later.<ref>{{cite news|last=Lilli|first=Manlio|date=6 March 2018|url=https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2018/03/06/elezioni-2018-con-il-21-salvini-e-il-nuovo-ras-di-macerata/4207431/|title=Elezioni 2018, con il 21% Salvini è il nuovo ras di Macerata|work=Il Fatto Quotidiano|language=it|access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref>

=== Main parties' slogans ===
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:left
|-
!colspan=2|Party
!Original slogan
!English translation
!Refs
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Democratic Party (Italy)}}"|
|[[Democratic Party (Italy)|Democratic Party]]
|''Avanti, insieme''
|"Forward, Together"
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.partitodemocratico.it/congresso-2017/avanti-insiememozione-congressuale-matteo-renzi/|title=Avanti, insieme. Mozione congressuale di Matteo Renzi|publisher=Partito Democratico|language=it|date=16 March 2017|access-date=16 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.partitodemocratico.it/congresso-2017/avanti-insieme/|title=Avanti, insieme|publisher=Partito Democratico|language=it|date=30 April 2017|access-date=30 April 2017}}</ref>
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Five Star Movement}}"|
|[[Five Star Movement]]
|''Partecipa, Scegli, Cambia''
|"Participate, Choose, Change"
|<ref>{{cite web|last=De Rosa|first=Massimo|url=http://www.massimoderosa.it/partecipa-scegli-cambia/|title=Partecipa, Scegli, Cambia|website=Massimo De Rosa|language=it|date=22 January 2018|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Borrelli|first=David|date=24 January 2018|url=http://www.efdd-m5seuropa.com/2018/01/partecipa-scegli-cam.html|url-status=dead|title=Partecipa, Scegli, Cambia anche in Europa con la consultazione pubblica sulla sicurezza alimentare|publisher=Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy|language=it|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314145736/http://www.efdd-m5seuropa.com/2018/01/partecipa-scegli-cam.html|archive-date=14 March 2018|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref>
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Forza Italia (2013)}}"|
|[[Forza Italia (2013)|Forza Italia]]
|''Onestà, Esperienza, Saggezza''
|"Honesty, Experience, Wisdom"
|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.askanews.it/politica/2018/01/14/forza-italia-lancia-primo-manifesto-onest%c3%a0-esperienza-saggezza-pn_20180114_00006|title=Forza Italia lancia primo manifesto: onestà, esperienza, saggezza|publisher=Askanews|language=it|date=14 January 2018|access-date=14 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://il24.it/coniato-primo-manifesto-forza-italia-lo-slogan-onesta-esperienza-saggezza/|url-status=dead|title=Coniato il primo manifesto di Forza Italia con lo slogan: 'Onestà, Esperiezna, Saggezza'|website=Il24|language=it|date=2 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203235756/http://il24.it/coniato-primo-manifesto-forza-italia-lo-slogan-onesta-esperienza-saggezza/|archive-date=3 February 2018|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref>
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Lega Nord}}"|
|[[Lega Nord|League]]
|''Prima gli Italiani''
|"Italians First"
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/legasalvinipremier/posts/1715684468474472|title=Con il Governo Salvini, prima gli Italiani|publisher=Facebook|language=it|date=2 February 2018|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.secoloditalia.it/2018/01/prima-gli-italiani-salvini-invita-di-maio-vieni-alla-nostra-manifestazione-di-milano/|title=Prima gli italiani, Salvini invita Di Maio: 'Vieni alla nostra manifestazione di Milano'|work=Secolo d'Italia|language=it|date=23 February 1976|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref>
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Free and Equal (Italy)}}"|
|[[Free and Equal (Italy)|Free and Equal]]
|''Per i molti, non per i pochi''
|"For the Many, Not the Few"
|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ilmessaggero.it/primopiano/politica/grasso_adotta_lo_slogan_di_corbyn_per_molti_non_per_pochi-3468909.html|title=Grasso adotta lo slogan di Corbyn: 'Per i molti, non per i pochi'|work=Il Messaggero|language=it|date=7 January 2018|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2018/01/07/assemblea-liberi-e-uguali-sinistra-per-i-molti-e-non-per-i-pochi-grasso-si-ispira-a-corbyn-la-diretta/4077998/|title=Assemblea Liberi e Uguali: 'Sinistra per i molti e non per i pochi', Grasso si ispira a Corbyn|work=Il Fatto Quotidiano|language=it|date=7 January 2018|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref>
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Brothers of Italy}}"|
|[[Brothers of Italy]]
|''Il voto che unisce l'Italia''
|"The Vote that Unites Italy"
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jJ3tPqAc5XY|title=Fratelli d'Italia: Il voto che unisce l'Italia|publisher=YouTube|language=it|date=26 January 2018|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fratelliditaliapiacenza.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Priorità_Programma_FdI-PC.pdf|url-status=dead|title=Il voto che unisce l'Italia|publisher=Fratelli d'Italia|language=it|date=2 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180302104101/http://www.fratelliditaliapiacenza.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Priorit%C3%A0_Programma_FdI-PC.pdf|archive-date=2 March 2018|access-date=27 April 2019}}</ref>
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|More Europe}}"|
|[[More Europe]]
|''Più Europa, serve all'Italia''
|"More Europe, Italy Needs It"
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.piueuropa.eu/manifesto|title=Manifesto|publisher=Più Europa|language=it|date=November 2017|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/piueuropa/|title=Più Europa – Con Emma Bonino|publisher=Facebook|language=it|date=24 February 2018|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref>
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Together (Italy)}}"|
|[[Together (Italy)|Together]]
|''Insieme è meglio''
|"Together Is Better"
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.insieme2018.it/comitati-territoriali-insieme-meglio/|title=Comitati territoriali 'Insieme è meglio!'|publisher=Insieme 2018|language=it|date=December 2017|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.insieme2018.it/italia-europa-insieme-programma-elettorale-le-elezioni-politiche-del-2018/|title=Programma|publisher=Insieme 2018|language=it|date=January 2018|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref>
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Popular Civic List}}"|
|[[Popular Civic List]]
|''Il vaccino contro gli incompetenti''
|"The Vaccine Against the Incompetents"
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.affaritaliani.it/coffee/video/politica/lorenzin-presenta-civica-popolare-serve-vaccino-contro-incapacita-populismo.html|title=Lorenzin presenta Civica Popolare: serve un vaccino contro l'incapacità e il populismo|website=Affari Italiani|language=it|date=9 January 2018|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/406042333183716/photos/a.415268322261117.1073741829.406042333183716/415267652261184/?type=3&theater|title=Civica Popolare|publisher=Facebook|language=it|date=18 January 2018|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref>
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Power to the People (Italy)}}"|
|[[Power to the People (Italy)|Power to the People]]
|''Potere al Popolo''
|"Power to the People"
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://poterealpopolo.org/potere-al-popolo/programma/|title=Il programma|publisher=Potere al Popolo|language=it|date=December 2017|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://ilmanifesto.it/le-liste-di-movimento-di-potere-al-popolo/|title=Le liste di movimento di Potere al Popolo!|work=Il Manifesto|language=it|date=27 January 2018|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref>
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|CasaPound}}"|
|[[CasaPound]]
|''Vota più forte che puoi''
|"Vote As Strong As You Can"
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=nXdW2_MEjl8|title=Simone Di Stefano – Vota più forte che puoi! Vota CasaPound!|publisher=YouTube|language=it|date=13 February 2018|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/CasaPoundNovara/photos/a.366925076680989.92392.174280745945424/1956306624409485/?type=3|title=Il 4 Marzo vota più forte che puoi|publisher=Facebook|language=it|date=February 2018|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref>
|}

=== Electoral debates ===
Differently from many other [[Western world]] countries, electoral debates between parties' leaders are not so common before general elections in Italy;<ref>{{cite web|last=Maltoni|first=Francesco|date=26 February 2018|url=https://www.leggioggi.it/2018/02/26/elezioni-2018-4-motivi-per-cui-questa-peggior-campagna-elettorale/|title=Elezioni 2018, 4 motivi per cui questa è la peggior campagna elettorale di sempre|website=Leggi Oggi|language=it|access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.lastampa.it/2018/01/03/italia/politica/la-tv-orfana-dei-faccia-a-faccia-sar-una-campagna-elettorale-senza-duelli-2lg3YCExPyIz8AbiPtQreP/pagina.html|title=La tv orfana dei faccia a faccia, sarà una campagna elettorale senza duelli|work=La Stampa|language=it|date=27 February 2018|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref> the last debate between the two main candidates to premiership dated back to the [[2006 Italian general election]] between [[Silvio Berlusconi]] and [[Romano Prodi]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.corriere.it/Primo_Piano/Politica/2006/Notizie/Politiche2006/articoli/04_Aprile/03/berlu_prodi.shtml|title=Prodi-Berlusconi, duello ad alta tensione|work=Corriere della Sera|language=it|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref> With few exceptions, almost every main political leader had denied his participation to an electoral debate with other candidates,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rainews.it/dl/rainews/articoli/renzi-di-maio-faccia-faccia-di-maio-annulla-non-e-leader-pd-defunto-c15da88c-9605-430b-a10a-1e5703cbd430.html|title=Di Maio annulla faccia a faccia con Renzi: non è più lui il leader|publisher=Rai|language=it|date=27 November 2013|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref> preferring interviews with TV hosts and journalists;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.video.mediaset.it/video/quinta_colonna/clip/l-intervista-matteo-renzi_785495.html|title=Quinta Colonna – L'intervista a Renzi|publisher=Mediaset|language=it|date=7 December 2017|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.raiplay.it/video/2018/01/Intervista-a-Silvio-Berlusconi---11012018-9b23332f-b4b4-4116-8eda-113b73f4b207.html|title=Porta a Porta – Intervista a Berlusconi|publisher=Rai|language=it|date=11 January 2019|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.la7.it/dimartedi/video/lintervista-a-luigi-di-maio-candidato-premier-del-m5s-16-01-2018-231606|title=L'intervista a Luigi Di Maio, candidato premier del M5S|publisher=La7|language=it|date=16 January 2018|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref> however, many debates took places between other leading members of the main parties.<ref>{{cite web|last=Tentoni|first=Luca|date=24 February 2018|url=https://www.mentepolitica.it/articolo/elezioni-la-tv-ha-ancora-il-suo-peso/1339|title=Elezioni, la Tv ha ancora il suo peso|website=Mente Politica|language=it|access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:98%; text-align:center;"
|-
!style="background:#B0C4DE" colspan="12"|2018 Italian general election debates
|-
!rowspan="3"|Date
!rowspan="3"|Organiser
!rowspan="3"|Moderator
!colspan="9"|{{small|&nbsp;&nbsp;}} {{Colors|black|#90FF90|&nbsp;P&nbsp;}} {{small|Present &nbsp;}} {{Colors|black|#E4E4E4|&nbsp;NI&nbsp;}} {{small|Non-invitee&nbsp;}} {{Colors|black|#FF9090|&nbsp;A&nbsp;}} {{small|Absent invitee&nbsp;}}
|-
!scope="col" style="width:6em;"|[[Centre-left coalition|Centre-left]]
!scope="col" style="width:6em;"|[[Centre-right coalition|Centre-right]]
!scope="col" style="width:6em;"|[[Five Star Movement|M5S]]
!scope="col" style="width:6em;"|[[Free and Equal (Italy)|LeU]]
|-
!style="background:{{party color|Centre-left coalition}};"|
!style="background:{{party color|Centre-right coalition}};"|
!style="background:{{party color|Five Star Movement}};"|
!style="background:{{party color|Free and Equal (Italy)}};"|
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;"|7 November
|style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;"|[[La7]]<br>(''Di Martedì'')
|style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;"|[[Giovanni Floris]]
|style="background:#90FF90;"|'''P'''<br>{{small|[[Matteo Renzi|Renzi]]}}
|style="background:#E4E4E4;"|'''NI'''
|style="background:#FF9090;"|'''A'''<br>{{small|[[Luigi Di Maio|Di Maio]]}}
|style="background:#E4E4E4;"|'''NI'''
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;"|12 December
|style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;"|[[Rai 3]]<br>(''#cartabianca'')
|style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;"|[[Bianca Berlinguer]]
|style="background:#90FF90;"|'''P'''<br>{{small|[[Maurizio Martina|Martina]]}}
|style="background:#90FF90;"|'''P'''<br>{{small|[[Renato Brunetta|Brunetta]]}}
|style="background:#E4E4E4;"|'''NI'''
|style="background:#E4E4E4;"|'''NI'''
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;"|16 January
|style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;"|[[Rai 3]]<br>(''#cartabianca'')
|style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;"|[[Bianca Berlinguer]]
|style="background:#90FF90;"|'''P'''<br>{{small|[[Andrea Orlando|Orlando]]}}
|style="background:#90FF90;"|'''P'''<br>{{small|[[Nunzia De Girolamo|De Girolamo]]}}
|style="background:#E4E4E4;"|'''NI'''
|style="background:#E4E4E4;"|'''NI'''
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;"|30 January
|style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;"|[[Rai 3]]<br>(''#cartabianca'')
|style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;"|[[Bianca Berlinguer]]
|style="background:#90FF90;"|'''P'''<br>{{small|[[Michele Emiliano|Emiliano]]}}
|style="background:#90FF90;"|'''P'''<br>{{small|[[Massimiliano Fedriga|Fedriga]]}}
|style="background:#E4E4E4;"|'''NI'''
|style="background:#E4E4E4;"|'''NI'''
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;"|13 February
|style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;"|[[La7]]<br>(''Otto e mezzo'')
|style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;"|[[Lilli Gruber]]
|style="background:#E4E4E4;"|'''NI'''
|style="background:#90FF90;"|'''P'''<br>{{small|[[Matteo Salvini|Salvini]]}}
|style="background:#E4E4E4;"|'''NI'''
|style="background:#90FF90;"|'''P'''<br>{{small|[[Laura Boldrini|Boldrini]]}}
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;"|13 February
|style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;"|[[Rai 3]]<br>(''#cartabianca'')
|style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;"|[[Bianca Berlinguer]]
|style="background:#90FF90;"|'''P'''<br>{{small|[[Beatrice Lorenzin|Lorenzin]]}}
|style="background:#E4E4E4;"|'''NI'''
|style="background:#90FF90;"|'''P'''<br>{{small|Giarrusso}}
|style="background:#E4E4E4;"|'''NI'''
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;"|27 February
|style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;"|[[Rai 3]]<br>(''#cartabianca'')
|style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;"|[[Bianca Berlinguer]]
|style="background:#E4E4E4;"|'''NI'''
|style="background:#90FF90;"|'''P'''<br>{{small|[[Nunzia De Girolamo|De Girolamo]]}}
|style="background:#E4E4E4;"|'''NI'''
|style="background:#90FF90;"|'''P'''<br>{{small|[[Roberto Speranza|Speranza]]}}
|}

== New electoral system ==
{{see also|Italian electoral law of 2017}}
[[File:Palazzo Montecitorio Rom 2009.jpg|thumb|220px|[[Palazzo Montecitorio]], seat of the [[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]]]
As a consequence of the [[2016 Italian constitutional referendum]] and of two different sentences of the [[Constitutional Court of Italy]], the electoral laws for the two houses of the [[Italian Parliament]] lacked uniformity. In October 2017, the PD, AP, FI, the League, and minor parties agreed on a new electoral law,<ref>{{cite web|last=Acquavitu|first=Barbara|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.it/2017/10/07/il-patto-a-quattro-pd-ap-lega-fi-regge-primo-ok-al-rosatellum-martedi-in-aula-alla-camera_a_23235808/|title=Il patto a quattro Pd-Ap-Lega-Fi regge. Primo ok al Rosatellum, ma da martedì in Aula entra nel mirino dei franchi tiratori|date=7 October 2017|website=L'HuffPost|language=it|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref> which was approved by the Chamber of Deputies with 375 votes in favour and 215 against<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.repubblica.it/politica/2017/10/12/news/il_rosatellum_alla_prova_del_voto_segreto_finale-178045315/|title=Rosatellum approvato alla Camera. Evitata la trappola dello scrutinio segreto. Via libera al salva-Verdini|date=12 October 2017|work=La Repubblica|language=it|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref> and by the Senate with 214 votes against 61; the reform was opposed by the M5S, the MDP, SI, FdI and minor parties.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.repubblica.it/politica/2017/10/26/news/legge_elettorale_verdini_noi_sempre_in_maggioranza_e_ci_resteremo_-179372181/|title=Il Rosatellum bis è legge dello Stato: via libera definitivo al Senato con 214 sì|work=La Repubblica|language=it|date=26 October 2017|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref>

The so-called ''Rosatellum bis'',<ref>{{cite web|last=Acquaviva|first=Mariano|date=20 February 2018|url=https://www.laleggepertutti.it/195942_rosatellum-bis-cose-e-come-funziona|title=Rosatellum bis: cos’è e come funziona|website=La Legge per Tutti|language=it|access-date=19 February 2022}}</ref> named after [[Ettore Rosato]] (PD leader in the Chamber of Deputies), is a [[mixed electoral system]], with 37% of seats allocated using a [[first-past-the-post]] (FPTP) voting and 63% using the proportional [[largest remainder method]], with one round of voting.<ref>{{cite news|last=Falci|first=Giuseppe Alberto|url=http://www.corriere.it/politica/cards/come-funziona-rosatellum/iter_principale.shtml|title=Rosatellum, come funziona la legge elettorale e cosa prevede|work=Corriere della Sera|language=it|date=10 March 2017|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/notizie/2017-09-21/rosatellum-20-tutti-rischi-nuovo-patto-nazareno-082520.shtml|title=Rosatellum 2.0, tutti i rischi del nuovo Patto del Nazareno|work=Il Sole 24 Ore|language=it|date=21 September 2017|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref> The 630 deputies were to be elected as follows:<ref name="ajseat">{{cite news|last1=Chughtai|first1=Alia|title=Understanding Italian elections 2018|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/interactive/2018/03/understanding-italian-elections-2018-180303214146994.html|access-date=6 March 2018|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=4 March 2018}}</ref>
* 232 in single-member constituencies by plurality;
* 386 in multi-member constituencies by national proportional representation;
* 12 in multi-member abroad constituencies by constituency proportional representation.

The 315 elective senators were to be elected as follows:<ref name="ajseat"/>
* 116 in single-member constituencies by plurality;
* 193 in multi-member constituencies by regional proportional representation;
* 6 in multi-member abroad constituencies by constituency proportional representation.
A small, variable number of [[senator for life#Italy|senators for life]] were to be members of the Senate.

[[File:Plico elettorale 2018 America Meridionale.jpg|thumb|Electoral package sent to an Italian voter in [[South America]]]]
For Italian residents, each house members were to be elected in single ballots, including the constituency candidate and his/her supporting party lists. In each single-member constituency, the deputy or senator is elected on a plurality basis, while the seats in multi-member constituencies are allocated nationally. In order to be calculated in single-member constituency results, parties need to obtain at least 1% of the national vote. In order to receive seats in multi-member constituencies, parties need to obtain at least 3% of the national vote. Elects from multi-member constituencies would come from [[closed list]]s.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Cavallaro|first1=Matteo|last2=Pregliasco|first2=Lorenzo|title='Hand-to-hand' combat in Italy's election|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/italian-electoral-law-turns-campaign-into-hand-to-hand-battle/|access-date=6 March 2018|work=Politico|date=15 January 2018}}</ref>

The voting paper, which is a single one for the first-past-the-post and the proportional systems, shows the names of the candidates to single-member constituencies and in close conjunction with them the symbols of the linked lists for the proportional part, each one with a list of the relative candidates.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.today.it/politica/elezioni/politiche-2018/come-si-vota.html|title=Elezioni, come si vota con il Rosatellum, debutta la nuova scheda elettorale|work=Today|language=it|date=20 October 2017|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref> The voter was able to cast their vote in three different ways:<ref>{{cite news|publisher=AGI|language=it|url=https://www.agi.it/politica/rosatellum_come_funziona-2295382/news/2017-10-27/|title=Il Rosatellum bis è legge. Ma come funziona?|date=23 July 2017|access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref>
* Drawing a sign on the symbol of a list: in this case the vote extends to the candidate in the [[single-member constituency]] that is supported by that list.
* Drawing a sign on the name of the candidate of the single-member constituency and another one on the symbol of one list that supports them; the result is the same as that described above. Under penalty of annulmentit, the [[panachage]] is not allowed, so the voter cannot vote simultaneously for a candidate in the FPTP constituency and for a list which is not linked to them.
* Drawing a sign only on the name of the candidate for the FPTP constituency, without indicating any list. In this case, the vote is valid for the candidate in the single-member constituency and also automatically extended to the list that supports them; however, if that candidate is connected to several lists, the vote is divided proportionally between them, based on the votes that each one has obtained in that constituency.

== Coalitions and parties ==
The following table includes the coalitions and parties running in the majority of multi-member constituencies.
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:left
|-
!colspan="2"|Coalition
!colspan="2"|Party
!Main ideology
!Leader
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Centre-right coalition}}" rowspan="4"|
|rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;"|[[Centre-right coalition]]
|bgcolor="{{party color|Lega Nord}}"|
|[[Lega Nord|League]] (Lega)
|[[Right-wing populism]]
|[[Matteo Salvini]]
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Forza Italia (2013)}}"|
|[[Forza Italia (2013)|Forza Italia]] (FI)
|[[Liberal conservatism]]
|[[Silvio Berlusconi]]
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Brothers of Italy}}"|
|[[Brothers of Italy]] (FdI)
|[[National conservatism]]
|[[Giorgia Meloni]]
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Us with Italy}}"|
|[[Us with Italy]]–[[Union of the Centre (2002)|UDC]] (NcI–UDC)
|[[Christian democracy]]
|[[Raffaele Fitto]]
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Centre-left coalition}}" rowspan="5"|
|rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;"|[[Centre-left coalition]]
|bgcolor="{{party color|Democratic Party (Italy)}}"|
|[[Democratic Party (Italy)|Democratic Party]] (PD)
|[[Social democracy]]
|[[Matteo Renzi]]
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|More Europe}}"|
|[[More Europe]] (+E)
|[[Liberalism]]
|[[Emma Bonino]]
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Together (Italy)}}"|
|[[Together (Italy)|Together]]
|[[Progressivism]]
|[[Giulio Santagata]]
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Popular Civic}}"|
|[[Popular Civic List]] (CP)
|[[Christian democracy]]
|[[Beatrice Lorenzin]]
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|South Tyrolean People's Party}}"|
|[[South Tyrolean People's Party]] – [[Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party|PATT]] (SVP–PATT)
|[[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]
|[[Philipp Achammer]]
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Five Star Movement}}"|
|colspan="3"|[[Five Star Movement]] (M5S)
|[[Populism]]
|[[Luigi Di Maio]]
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Free and Equal (Italy)}}"|
|colspan="3"|[[Free and Equal (Italy)|Free and Equal]] (LeU)
|[[Democratic socialism]]
|[[Pietro Grasso]]
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Power to the People (Italy)}}"|
|colspan="3"|[[Power to the People (Italy)|Power to the People]] (PaP)
|[[Communism]]
|[[Viola Carofalo]]
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|CasaPound}}"|
|colspan="3"|[[CasaPound]] (CPI)
|[[Neo-fascism]]
|[[Simone Di Stefano]]
|-
|style="background:#342d7e;"|
|colspan="3"|[[The People of Family]] (PdF)
|[[Social conservatism]]
|[[Mario Adinolfi]]
|}

== Opinion polling ==
{{main|Opinion polling for the 2018 Italian general election}}
[[File:OpinionPollingItalyGeneralElection2018.png|thumb|center|800px|Six-point average trend line of poll results from 25 February 2013 to election day, with each line corresponding to a political party
{{columns-list|colwidth=250px|
{{legend-line|#F0001C solid 5px|[[Democratic Party (Italy)|PD]]}}
{{legend-line|#FFEB3B solid 5px|[[Five Star Movement|M5S]]}}
{{legend-line|#0087DC solid 5px|[[The People of Freedom|PdL]]/[[Forza Italia (2013)|FI]]}}
{{legend-line|#5C9EDB solid 5px|[[New Centre-Right|NCD]]/[[Popular Alternative|AP]]}}
{{legend-line|#1560BD solid 5px|[[Civic Choice|SC]]}}
{{legend-line|#008800 solid 5px|[[Lega Nord|LN]]}}
{{legend-line|#C80815 solid 5px|[[Left Ecology Freedom|SEL]]/[[Italian Left|SI]]}}
{{legend-line|#00005A solid 5px|[[Brothers of Italy|FdI]]}}
{{legend-line|#87CEFA solid 5px|[[Union of the Centre (2002)|UDC]]}}
}}]]

== Voter turnout ==
[[File:Voting at a polling station in Rome, 4 March 2018 (39899573544).jpg|thumb|220px|Voting at a polling station in [[Rome]]]]
{|class="wikitable sortable" style=text-align:left
|-
!rowspan=2|Region
!colspan=3|Time
|-
!12:00
!19:00
!23:00
|-
|[[Abruzzo]]
|19.38%
|61.29%
|75.25%
|-
|[[Aosta Valley]]
|21.24%
|59.01%
|72.27%
|-
|[[Apulia]]
|17.97%
|53.68%
|68.94%
|-
|[[Basilicata]]
|16.27%
|53.12%
|71.11%
|-
|[[Calabria]]
|15.11%
|49.55%
|63.78%
|-
|[[Campania]]
|16.96%
|52.59%
|68.20%
|-
|[[Emilia-Romagna]]
|22.72%
|65.99%
|78.26%
|-
|[[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]]
|22.56%
|62.45%
|75.11%
|-
|[[Lazio]]
|18.88%
|55.47%
|72.58%
|-
|[[Liguria]]
|21.78%
|61.04%
|71.96%
|-
|[[Lombardy]]
|20.92%
|62.29%
|76.81%
|-
|[[Marche]]
|19.81%
|62.22%
|77.28%
|-
|[[Molise]]
|17.88%
|56.46%
|71.76%
|-
|[[Piedmont]]
|20.44%
|61.88%
|75.17%
|-
|[[Sardinia]]
|18.34%
|52.49%
|65.39%
|-
|[[Sicily]]
|14.27%
|47.06%
|62.72%
|-
|[[Tuscany]]
|21.17%
|63.87%
|77.34%
|-
|[[Trentino-Alto Adige]]
|20.85%
|60.57%
|74.34%
|-
|[[Umbria]]
|20.55%
|64.86%
|78.22%
|-
|[[Veneto]]
|22.24%
|64.61%
|78.72%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''19.43%'''
|'''58.42%'''
|'''72.94%'''
|-
|colspan=4|Source: [http://elezioni.interno.gov.it/camera/votanti/20180304/votantiCI Ministry of the Interior]
|}

== Results ==
The [[centre-right coalition]] emerged with a plurality of seats in the Chamber of Deputies and in the Senate, while the anti-establishment [[Five Star Movement]] became the party with the largest number of votes. The [[centre-left coalition]] came third. As no political group or party won an outright majority, the election resulted in a [[hung parliament]].<ref name="DW 2018"/>

=== Chamber of Deputies ===
==== Overall results ====
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:right
|+ {{nowrap|[[2013 Italian general election#Results for the Chamber of Deputies|←]] Summary of the 4 March 2018 [[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]] election results}}
|-
|colspan="15"|[[File:Italian Chamber of Deputies 2018.svg|center|300px]]
|-
!colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Coalition
!colspan=2 rowspan=2|Party
!colspan="3" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;"|Proportional
!colspan="3" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;"|First-past-the-post
!colspan="3" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;"|Overseas
!style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|Total<br />seats
!style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|+/−
|-
!style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom;"|Votes
!style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom;"|%
!style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom;"|Seats
!style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom;"|Votes
!style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom;"|%
!style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom;"|Seats
!style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom;"|Votes
!style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom;"|%
!style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom;"|Seats
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Centre-right coalition}}" rowspan="5"|
|style="text-align:left;" rowspan="5"|[[Centre-right coalition]]
|bgcolor="{{party color|Lega Nord}}"|
|align=left|[[Lega Nord|League]] (Lega) || 5,698,687 || 17.35 || 73 || rowspan="4"| 12,152,345 || rowspan="4"| 37.00 || 49 || rowspan="3" |240,072 || rowspan="3" |21.43|| 2 || 125 || {{green|+109}}
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Forza Italia (2013)}}"|
|align=left|[[Forza Italia (2013)|Forza Italia]] (FI)|| 4,596,956 || 14.00 || 59 || 46 || 1 || 104 || {{green|+1}}
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Brothers of Italy}}"|
|align=left|[[Brothers of Italy]] (FdI)|| 1,429,550 || 4.35 || 19 || 12 || 0 || 32 || {{green|+25}}
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Us with Italy}}"|
|align=left|[[Us with Italy]]–[[Union of the Centre (2002)|UDC]] (NcI–UDC)|| 427,152 || 1.30 || 0 || 4 || 11,845
|1.09 || 0 || 4 || ''New''
|-
|colspan="4" style="text-align:left;"|'''Total seats'''|| '''151''' ||colspan="2"| || '''111''' || colspan="2"| || '''3''' || '''265''' || –
|-
|style="background:{{party color|Five Star Movement}};" |
|colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"|[[Five Star Movement]] (M5S)|| 10,732,066 || 32.68 || '''133''' || 10,732,066 || 32.68 || '''93''' || 197,346 || 17.57 || '''1''' || '''227''' || {{green|+119}}
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Centre-left coalition}}" rowspan="6"|
|rowspan=6 style="text-align:left;"|[[Centre-left coalition]]
|bgcolor="{{party color|Democratic Party (Italy)}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Democratic Party (Italy)|Democratic Party]] (PD)|| 6,161,896 || 18.76 || 86 || rowspan="5"| 7,506,723|| rowspan="5"| 22.85 || 21 || 297,153 || 26.45
|5 || 112 || {{red|−180}}
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|More Europe}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[More Europe]] (+E)|| 841,468 || 2.56 || 0 || 2 || 64,350 || 5.73
|1 || 3 || ''New''
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Together (Italy)}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Together (Italy)|Together]]|| 190,601 || 0.58 || 0 || 1 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 0 || 1 || ''New''
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Popular Civic List}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Popular Civic List]] (CP)|| 178,107 || 0.54 || 0 || 2 || 32.071
|2.85 || 0 || 2 || ''New''
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|South Tyrolean People's Party}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[South Tyrolean People's Party|SVP]]–[[Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party|PATT]] || 134,651 || 0.41 || 2 || 2 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 0 || 4|| {{red|−1}}
|-
|colspan="4" style="text-align:left;"|'''Total seats'''|| '''88''' ||colspan="2"| || '''28''' || colspan="2"| || '''6''' || '''122''' || –
|-
|style="background:{{party color|Free and Equal (Italy)}};"|
|colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"|[[Free and Equal (Italy)|Free and Equal]] (LeU)|| 1,114,799 || 3.38 || '''14''' || 1,114,799 || 3.39 || '''0''' || 64,523 || 5.74 || '''0''' || '''14''' || ''New''
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Associative Movement of Italians Abroad}}"|
|colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"|[[Associative Movement of Italians Abroad]] (MAIE)||{{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || '''0''' || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || '''0''' || 107,236 || 9.55 || '''1''' || '''1''' || {{red|−1}}
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|South American Union of Italian Emigrants}}"|
|colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"|{{nowrap|[[South American Union of Italian Emigrants]] (USEI)}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || '''0''' || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || '''0''' || 68,291 || 6.08 || '''1''' || '''1''' || –
|-
| colspan="13" style="text-align:left;"|'''Total''' || '''630''' || ''' – '''
|}

{{bar box
|title=Popular vote (party)
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=550px
|barwidth=500px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Five Star Movement|M5S]]|{{party color|Five Star Movement}}|32.68}}
{{bar percent|[[Democratic Party (Italy)|PD]]|{{party color|Democratic Party (Italy)}}|18.76}}
{{bar percent|[[Lega Nord|Lega]]|{{party color|Lega Nord}}|17.35}}
{{Bar percent|[[Forza Italia (2013)|FI]]|{{party color|Forza Italia (2013)}}|14.00}}
{{bar percent|[[Brothers of Italy|FdI]]|{{party color|Brothers of Italy}}|4.35}}
{{Bar percent|[[Free and Equal (Italy)|LeU]]|{{party color|Free and Equal (Italy)}}|3.39}}
{{bar percent|[[More Europe|+E]]|{{party color|More Europe}}|2.56}}
{{bar percent|[[Us with Italy|NcI]]|{{party color|Us with Italy}}|1.30}}
{{bar percent|[[Power to the People (Italy)|PaP]]|{{party color|Power to the People (Italy)}}|1.13}}
{{bar percent|Others|{{party color|Other}}|4.48}}
}}
{{bar box
|title=Seat distribution (party)
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=550px
|barwidth=500px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Five Star Movement|M5S]]|{{party color|Five Star Movement}}|36.03}}
{{bar percent|[[Lega Nord|Lega]]|{{party color|Lega Nord}}|19.84}}
{{bar percent|[[Democratic Party (Italy)|PD]]|{{party color|Democratic Party (Italy)}}|17.78}}
{{Bar percent|[[Forza Italia (2013)|FI]]|{{party color|Forza Italia (2013)}}|16.51}}
{{bar percent|[[Brothers of Italy|FdI]]|{{party color|Brothers of Italy}}|5.07}}
{{Bar percent|[[Free and Equal (Italy)|LeU]]|{{party color|Free and Equal (Italy)}}|2.22}}
{{bar percent|Others|{{party color|Other}}|2.55}}
}}
{{bar box
|title=Popular vote (coalition)
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=550px
|barwidth=500px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Centre-right coalition|CDX]]|{{party color|Centre-right coalition (Italy)}}|37.00}}
{{bar percent|[[Five Stars Movement|M5S]]|{{party color|Five Star Movement}}|32.68}}
{{bar percent|[[Centre-left coalition|CSX]]|{{party color|Centre-left coalition}}|22.86}}
{{Bar percent|[[Free and Equal (Italy)|LeU]]|{{party color|Free and Equal (Italy)}}|3.39}}
{{bar percent|[[Power to the People (Italy)|PaP]]|{{party color|Power to the People (Italy)}}|1.13}}
{{bar percent|Others|{{party color|Other}}|2.96}}
}}
{{bar box
|title=Seat distribution (coalition)
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=550px
|barwidth=500px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Centre-right coalition|CDX]]|{{party color|Centre-right coalition (Italy)}}|42.06}}
{{bar percent|[[Five Stars Movement|M5S]]|{{party color|Five Star Movement}}|36.03}}
{{bar percent|[[Centre-left coalition|CSX]]|{{party color|Centre-left coalition}}|19.36}}
{{bar percent|[[Free and Equal (Italy)|LeU]]|{{party color|Free and Equal (Italy)}}|2.22}}
{{bar percent|Others|{{party color|Other}}|0.33}}
}}

==== Proportional and FPTP results ====
<div style=display:inline-table>
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:right
|+ Proportional
|-
!colspan=2|Party
!Votes
!%
!Seats
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Five Star Movement}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Five Star Movement]] (M5S)
|style="text-align:right;"|10,732,066
|style="text-align:right;"|32.68
|style="text-align:right;"|133
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Democratic Party (Italy)}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Democratic Party (Italy)|Democratic Party]] (PD)
|style="text-align:right;"|6,161,896
|style="text-align:right;"|18.76
|style="text-align:right;"|86
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Lega Nord}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Lega Nord|League]] (Lega)
|style="text-align:right;"|5,698,687
|style="text-align:right;"|17.35
|style="text-align:right;"|73
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Forza Italia (2013)}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Forza Italia (2013)|Forza Italia]] (FI)
|style="text-align:right;"|4,596,956
|style="text-align:right;"|14.00
|style="text-align:right;"|59
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Brothers of Italy}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Brothers of Italy]] (FdI)
|style="text-align:right;"|1,429,550
|style="text-align:right;"|4.35
|style="text-align:right;"|19
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Free and Equal (Italy)}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Free and Equal (Italy)|Free and Equal]] (LeU){{efn|name=LeU|List composed of [[Article One (political party)|Article One]], [[Italian Left]] and [[Possible (political party)|Possible]].}}
|style="text-align:right;"|1,114,799
|style="text-align:right;"|3.39
|style="text-align:right;"|14
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|More Europe}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[More Europe]] (+E){{efn|name=+E|List composed of [[Italian Radicals]], [[Forza Europa (2017)|Forza Europa]] and [[Democratic Centre (Italy)|Democratic Centre]].}}
|style="text-align:right;"|841,468
|style="text-align:right;"|2.56
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Us with Italy}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Us with Italy]] – [[Union of the Centre (2002)|UDC]] (NcI–UDC)
|style="text-align:right;"|427,152
|style="text-align:right;"|1.30
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Power to the People (Italy)}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Power to the People (Italy)|Power to the People]] (PaP){{efn|name=PaP|List including [[Communist Refoundation Party]], [[Italian Communist Party (2016)|Italian Communist Party]], [[Anticapitalist Left (Italy)|Anticapitalist Left]], [[Party of the South (Italy)|Party of the South]], [[Socialist Rebirth (2015)|Socialist Rebirth]] and [[Atheist Democracy]].}}
|style="text-align:right;"|372,179
|style="text-align:right;"|1.13
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|CasaPound}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[CasaPound]] (CPI)
|style="text-align:right;"|312,432
|style="text-align:right;"|0.95
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:#342d7e;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[The People of Family]] (PdF)
|style="text-align:right;"|219,633
|style="text-align:right;"|0.67
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Together (Italy)}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Together (Italy)|Together]] (IEI){{efn|name=IEI|List composed of [[Italian Socialist Party (2007)|Italian Socialist Party]], [[Federation of the Greens]] and [[Civic Area]].}}
|style="text-align:right;"|190,601
|style="text-align:right;"|0.58
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Popular Civic List}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Popular Civic List]] (CP){{efn|name=CP|List composed of [[Italy of Values]], [[Centrists for Europe]], [[Union for Trentino]], [[Italy is Popular]] and [[Popular Alternative]].}}
|style="text-align:right;"|178,107
|style="text-align:right;"|0.54
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|South Tyrolean People's Party}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[South Tyrolean People's Party]] – [[Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party|PATT]] (SVP–PATT)
|style="text-align:right;"|134,651
|style="text-align:right;"|0.41
|style="text-align:right;"|2
|-
|style="background:#282828;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Italy for the Italians]] (IAI){{efn|name=IAI|List composed of [[New Force (Italy)|New Force]] and [[Tricolour Flame]].}}
|style="text-align:right;"|126,543
|style="text-align:right;"|0.39
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:#f62817;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Communist Party (Italy)|Communist Party]] (PC)
|style="text-align:right;"|106,816
|style="text-align:right;"|0.33
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:#9F235F;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|Human Value Party (PVU)
|style="text-align:right;"|47,953
|style="text-align:right;"|0.15
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|10 Times Better}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[10 Times Better]] (10VM)
|style="text-align:right;"|37,354
|style="text-align:right;"|0.11
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:#dc142f;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[For a Revolutionary Left]] (PSR){{efn|name=PSR|List composed of [[Workers' Communist Party (Italy)|Workers' Communist Party]] and Left Class Revolution.}}
|style="text-align:right;"|29,364
|style="text-align:right;"|0.09
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Italian Republican Party}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Italian Republican Party]] – [[Liberal Popular Alliance|ALA]] (PRI–ALA)
|style="text-align:right;"|20,943
|style="text-align:right;"|0.06
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:{{party color|Great North}};"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Great North]] (GN)
|style="text-align:right;"|19,846
|style="text-align:right;"|0.06
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:#D0004D;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|Autodetermination
|style="text-align:right;"|19,307
|style="text-align:right;"|0.06
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:#ff7e3b;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[People's List for the Constitution]] (LdP)
|style="text-align:right;"|9,921
|style="text-align:right;"|0.03
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:#0067DC;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Pact for Autonomy]] (PpA)
|style="text-align:right;"|7,079
|style="text-align:right;"|0.02
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:#272764;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|National Bloc for Freedoms (BNL){{efn|name=BNL|List composed of [[Royal Italy]] and [[Christian Democracy (Italy, 2002)|Christian Democracy]].}}
|style="text-align:right;"|3,628
|style="text-align:right;"|0.01
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:orange;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|SìAmo
|style="text-align:right;"|1,428
|style="text-align:right;"|0.00
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:#56A5EC;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Renaissance (Italian political party)|Renaissance]] – [[Moderates in Revolution|MIR]]
|style="text-align:right;"|772
|style="text-align:right;"|0.00
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:#FF3F4C;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|Italy in the Heart
|style="text-align:right;"|574
|style="text-align:right;"|0.00
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"|'''Total'''
|style="text-align:right;"|'''32,841,705'''
|style="text-align:right;"|'''100.00'''
|style="text-align:right;"|'''386'''
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"|Invalid / blank / unassigned votes|| 1,471,727 || 4.33 || –
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"|'''Total turnout'''|| '''33,923,321''' || '''72.94''' || –
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"|Registered voters || 46,505,499 || – || –
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="7"|Source: [http://elezionistorico.interno.gov.it/index.php?tpel=C&dtel=04/03/2018&tpa=I&tpe=A&lev0=0&levsut0=0&es0=S&ms=S Ministry of the Interior]
|}
</div>

<div style=display:inline-table>
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:right
|+ First-past-the-post
|-
!colspan=2|Party or coalition
!Votes
!%
!Seats
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Centre-right coalition}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Centre-right coalition]] (CDX)
|style="text-align:right;"|12,152,345
|style="text-align:right;"|37.00
|style="text-align:right;"|111
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Five Star Movement}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Five Star Movement]] (M5S)
|style="text-align:right;"|10,727,567
|style="text-align:right;"|32.68
|style="text-align:right;"|93
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Centre-left coalition}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Centre-left coalition]] (CSX)
|style="text-align:right;"|7,506,723
|style="text-align:right;"|22.85
|style="text-align:right;"|28
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Free and Equal (Italy)}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Free and Equal (Italy)|Free and Equal]] (LeU){{efn|name=LeU}}
|style="text-align:right;"|1,114,799
|style="text-align:right;"|3.39
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Power to the People (Italy)}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Power to the People (Italy)|Power to the People]] (PaP){{efn|name=PaP}}
|style="text-align:right;"|372,179
|style="text-align:right;"|1.13
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|CasaPound}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[CasaPound]] (CPI)
|style="text-align:right;"|312,432
|style="text-align:right;"|0.95
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:#342d7e;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[The People of Family]] (PdF)
|style="text-align:right;"|219,633
|style="text-align:right;"|0.67
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:#282828;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Italy for the Italians]] (IAI){{efn|name=IAI}}
|style="text-align:right;"|126,543
|style="text-align:right;"|0.39
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:#f62817;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Communist Party (Italy)|Communist Party]] (PC)
|style="text-align:right;"|106,816
|style="text-align:right;"|0.33
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:#9F235F;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|Human Value Party (PVU)
|style="text-align:right;"|47,953
|style="text-align:right;"|0.15
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|10 Times Better}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[10 Times Better]] (10VM)
|style="text-align:right;"|37,354
|style="text-align:right;"|0.11
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:#dc142f;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[For a Revolutionary Left]] (PSR){{efn|name=PSR}}
|style="text-align:right;"|29,364
|style="text-align:right;"|0.09
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Italian Republican Party}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Italian Republican Party]] – [[Liberal Popular Alliance|ALA]] (PRI–ALA)
|style="text-align:right;"|20,943
|style="text-align:right;"|0.06
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:{{party color|Great North}};"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Great North]] (GN)
|style="text-align:right;"|19,846
|style="text-align:right;"|0.06
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:#D0004D;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|Autodetermination
|style="text-align:right;"|19,307
|style="text-align:right;"|0.06
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:#ff7e3b;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[People's List for the Constitution]] (LdP)
|style="text-align:right;"|9,921
|style="text-align:right;"|0.03
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:#0067DC;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Pact for Autonomy]] (PpA)
|style="text-align:right;"|7,079
|style="text-align:right;"|0.02
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:#272764;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|National Bloc for Freedoms (BNL){{efn|name=BNL}}
|style="text-align:right;"|3,628
|style="text-align:right;"|0.01
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:orange;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|SìAmo
|style="text-align:right;"|1,428
|style="text-align:right;"|0.00
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:#56A5EC;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Renaissance (Italian political party)|Renaissance]] – [[Moderates in Revolution|MIR]]
|style="text-align:right;"|686
|style="text-align:right;"|0.00
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:#FF3F4C;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|Italy in the Heart
|style="text-align:right;"|574
|style="text-align:right;"|0.00
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"|'''Total'''
|style="text-align:right;"|'''32,841,025'''
|style="text-align:right;"|'''100.00'''
|style="text-align:right;"|'''231'''
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"|Invalid / blank / unassigned votes || 1,471,727 || 4.33 || –
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"|'''Total turnout''' || '''33,923,321''' || '''72.94''' || –
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"|Registered voters || 46,505,499 || – || –
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="7"|Source: [http://elezionistorico.interno.gov.it/index.php?tpel=C&dtel=04/03/2018&tpa=I&tpe=A&lev0=0&levsut0=0&es0=S&ms=S Ministry of the Interior]
|}
</div>

==== Overseas constituencies ====
Twelve members of the Chamber of Deputies are elected by Italians abroad. Two members are elected for North America and Central America (including most of the [[Caribbean]]), four members for South America (including [[Trinidad and Tobago]]), five members for Europe, and one member for the rest of the world (Africa, Asia, Oceania, and [[Antarctica]]). Voters in these regions select candidate lists and cast a preference vote for individual candidates. The seats are allocated by proportional representation. The electoral law allows for parties to form different coalitions on the lists abroad, compared to the lists in Italy; Forza Italia, the League, and Brothers of Italy formed a unified list for abroad constituencies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.affaritaliani.it/coffee/video/politica/elezioni--salvini-berlusconi-meloni--il-tricolore-il-simbolo-del-centro-destra-per-estero.html|title=Elezioni, 'Salvini, Berlusconi, Meloni' e il tricolore, il simbolo del centro-destra per l'estero|website=Affaritaliani|language=it|date=21 January 2018|access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref>

{|class=wikitable style=text-align:right
|-
!colspan=2|Party or coalition
!Votes
!%
!Seats
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Democratic Party (Italy)}}"|
|align=left|[[Democratic Party (Italy)|Democratic Party]] (PD) || 297,153 || 26.45 || 5
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Centre-right coalition}}"|
|align=left|[[Lega Nord|League]] – [[Forza Italia (2013)|Forza Italia]] – [[Brothers of Italy]] (Lega–FI–FdI) || 240,702 || 21.43 || 3
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Five Star Movement}}"|
|align=left|[[Five Star Movement]] (M5S) || 197,346 || 17.57 || 1
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Associative Movement of Italians Abroad}}"|
|align=left|[[Associative Movement of Italians Abroad]] (MAIE) || 107,236 || 9.55 || 1
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|South American Union of Italian Emigrants}}"|
|align=left|[[South American Union of Italian Emigrants]] (USEI) || 68,291 || 6.08 || 1
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Free and Equal (Italy)}}"|
|align=left|[[Free and Equal (Italy)|Free and Equal]] (LeU){{efn|name=LeU}} || 64,523 || 5.74 || 0
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|More Europe}}"|
|align=left|[[More Europe]] (+E){{efn|name=+E}} || 64,350 || 5.73 || 1
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Popular Civic}}"|
|align=left|[[Popular Civic List]] (CP){{efn|name=CP}} || 32,071 || 2.85 || 0
|-
|style="background:lightgreen;"|
|align=left|Latin America Tricolor Union (UniTAL) || 25,555 || 2.27 || 0
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Us with Italy}}"|
|align=left|[[Us with Italy]] – [[Union of the Centre (2002)|UDC]] (NcI–UDC) || 12,396 || 1.10 || 0
|-
|style="background:lightblue;"|
|align=left|Freedom Movement||10,590||0.94||0
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Italian Republican Party}}"|
|align=left|[[Italian Republican Party]] – [[Liberal Popular Alliance|ALA]] (PRI–ALA) || 2,270 || 0.20 || 0
|-
|style="background:#0060AA"|
|align=left|Free Flights to Italy || 946 || 0.08 || 0
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"|'''Total'''
|style="text-align:right;"|'''1,123,429'''
|style="text-align:right;"|'''100.00'''
|style="text-align:right;"|'''12'''
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"|Invalid / blank / unassigned votes || 156,755 || 12.42 || –
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"|'''Total turnout'''|| '''1,262,422''' || '''29.84''' || –
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"|Registered voters || 4,230,854 || – || –
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="7"|Source: [http://elezionistorico.interno.gov.it/index.php?tpel=C&dtel=04/03/2018&tpa=E&tpe=A&lev0=0&levsut0=0&es0=S&ms=S Ministry of the Interior]
|}

=== Senate of the Republic ===
==== Overall results ====
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:right
|+ {{nowrap|[[2013 Italian general election#Results for the Senate of the Republic|←]] Summary of the 4 March 2018 [[Senate of the Republic (Italy)|Senate of the Republic]] election results}}
|-
|colspan="15"|[[File:Italian Senate 2018.svg|center|300px]]
|-
!colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Coalition
!colspan=2 rowspan=2|Party
!colspan="3" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;"|Proportional
!colspan="3" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;"|First-past-the-post
!colspan="3" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;"|Overseas
!style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|Total<br />seats
!style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|+/−
|-
!style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom;"|Votes
!style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom;"|%
!style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom;"|Seats
!style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom;"|Votes
!style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom;"|%
!style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom;"|Seats
!style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom;"|Votes
!style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom;"|%
!style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom;"|Seats
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Centre-right coalition}}" rowspan="5"|
|style="text-align:left;" rowspan="5"|[[Centre-right coalition]]
|bgcolor="{{party color|Lega Nord}}"|
|align=left|[[Lega Nord|League]] (Lega)|| 5,321,537 || 17.61 || 37 || rowspan="4"|11,327,549 || rowspan="4"|37.50 || 21 || rowspan="3"|226,885 || rowspan="3"|21.98 || 0 ||58||{{green|+39}}
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Forza Italia (2013)}}"|
|align=left|[[Forza Italia (2013)|Forza Italia]] (FI)|| 4,358,004 || 14.43 || 33 || 23 || 2 ||57 || {{red|–41}}
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Brothers of Italy}}"|
|align=left|[[Brothers of Italy]] (FdI)|| 1,286,606 || 4.26 || 7 || 9 || 0 ||18||{{green|+18}}
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Us with Italy}}"|
|align=left|[[Us with Italy]]–[[Union of the Centre (2002)|UDC]] (NcI–UDC)|| 361,402 || 1.20 || 0 || 4 || 10,404 || 1.04 || 0 || 4 || ''New''
|-
|colspan="4" style="text-align:left;"|'''Total seats'''|| '''77''' || colspan="2"| || '''58''' || colspan="2"| || '''2''' || '''137''' || –
|-
|style="background:{{party color|Five Star Movement}};" |
|colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"|[[Five Star Movement]] (M5S)|| 9,733,928 || 32.22 || '''68''' || 9,733,928 || 32.22 || '''44''' || 174,948 || 17.64 || '''0''' || '''112''' || {{green|+58}}
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Centre-left coalition}}" rowspan="7"|
|rowspan=7 style="text-align:left;"|[[Centre-left coalition]]
|bgcolor="{{party color|Democratic Party (Italy)}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Democratic Party (Italy)|Democratic Party]] (PD)|| 5,783,360 || 19.14 || 43 || rowspan="6"|6,947,199 || rowspan="6"|23.00 || 8 || 279,489 || 27.08 || 2 || 53 || {{red|–57}}
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|More Europe}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[More Europe]] (+E)|| 714,821 || 2.37 || 0 || 1 || 55,625 || 5.39 || 0 ||1||''New''
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Together (Italy)}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Together (Italy)|Together]] || 163,454 || 0.54 || 0 || 1 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 1 || ''New''
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Popular Civic List}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Popular Civic List]] (CP)|| 157,282 || 0.52 || 0 || 1 || 31,293 || 3.15 || 0 ||1||''New''
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|South Tyrolean People's Party}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[South Tyrolean People's Party|SVP]]–[[Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party|PATT]] || 128,282 || 0.42 || 1 || 2 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 3 || {{red|–1}}
|-
|style="background:#48d1cc;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Aosta Valley (political coalition)|Aosta Valley]] (VdA)|| {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 1 || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || 1 || ±0
|-
|colspan="4" style="text-align:left;"|'''Total seats''' || '''44''' || colspan="2"| || '''14''' || colspan="2"| || '''2''' || '''60''' || –
|-
|style="background:{{party color|Free and Equal (Italy)}};" |
|colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"|[[Free and Equal (Italy)|Free and Equal]] (LeU)|| 991,159 || 3.28 || '''4''' || 991,159 || 3.28 || '''0''' || 55,279 || 5.57 || '''0''' || '''4''' || ''New''
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Associative Movement of Italians Abroad}}"|
|colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"|{{nowrap|[[Associative Movement of Italians Abroad]] (MAIE)}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || '''0''' || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || '''0''' || 110,879 || 10.74 || '''1''' || '''1''' || –
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|South American Union of Italian Emigrants}}"|
|colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"|{{nowrap|[[South American Union of Italian Emigrants]] (USEI)}}|| {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || '''0''' || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || '''0''' || 68,233 || 6.61 || '''1''' || '''1''' || –
|-
|colspan="13" style="text-align:left;"|'''Total''' || '''315''' || '''–'''
|}

{{bar box
|title=Popular vote (party)
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=550px
|barwidth=500px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Five Star Movement|M5S]]|{{party color|Five Star Movement}}|32.22}}
{{bar percent|[[Democratic Party (Italy)|PD]]|{{party color|Democratic Party (Italy)}}|19.14}}
{{bar percent|[[Lega Nord|Lega]]|{{party color|Lega Nord}}|17.61}}
{{Bar percent|[[Forza Italia (2013)|FI]]|{{party color|Forza Italia (2013)}}|14.43}}
{{bar percent|[[Brothers of Italy|FdI]]|{{party color|Brothers of Italy}}|4.26}}
{{Bar percent|[[Free and Equal (Italy)|LeU]]|{{party color|Free and Equal (Italy)}}|3.28}}
{{bar percent|[[More Europe|+E]]|{{party color|More Europe}}|2.37}}
{{bar percent|[[Us with Italy|NcI]]|{{party color|Us with Italy}}|1.20}}
{{bar percent|[[Power to the People (Italy)|PaP]]|{{party color|Power to the People (Italy)}}|1.06}}
{{bar percent|Others|{{party color|Other}}|4.43}}
}}
{{bar box
|title=Seat distribution (party)
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=550px
|barwidth=500px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Five Star Movement|M5S]]|{{party color|Five Star Movement}}|35.56}}
{{bar percent|[[Lega Nord|Lega]]|{{party color|Lega Nord}}|18.41}}
{{Bar percent|[[Forza Italia (2013)|FI]]|{{party color|Forza Italia (2013)}}|18.09}}
{{bar percent|[[Democratic Party (Italy)|PD]]|{{party color|Democratic Party (Italy)}}|16.83}}
{{bar percent|[[Brothers of Italy|FdI]]|{{party color|Brothers of Italy}}|5.71}}
{{Bar percent|[[Free and Equal (Italy)|LeU]]|{{party color|Free and Equal (Italy)}}|1.27}}
{{Bar percent|[[Us with Italy|NcI]]|{{party color|Us with Italy}}|1.27}}
{{bar percent|Others|{{party color|Other}}|2.86}}
}}
{{bar box
|title=Popular vote (coalition)
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=550px
|barwidth=500px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Centre-right coalition|CDX]]|{{party color|Centre-right coalition (Italy)}}|37.50}}
{{bar percent|[[Five Stars Movement|M5S]]|{{party color|Five Star Movement}}|32.22}}
{{bar percent|[[Centre-left coalition|CSX]]|{{party color|Centre-left coalition}}|23.00}}
{{Bar percent|[[Free and Equal (Italy)|LeU]]|{{party color|Free and Equal (Italy)}}|3.28}}
{{bar percent|Others|{{party color|Other}}|4.00}}
}}
{{bar box
|title=Seat distribution (coalition)
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=550px
|barwidth=500px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Centre-right coalition|CDX]]|{{party color|Centre-right coalition (Italy)}}|42.86}}
{{bar percent|[[Five Stars Movement|M5S]]|{{party color|Five Star Movement}}|35.56}}
{{bar percent|[[Centre-left coalition|CSX]]|{{party color|Centre-left coalition}}|18.41}}
{{Bar percent|[[Free and Equal (Italy)|LeU]]|{{party color|Free and Equal (Italy)}}|1.27}}
{{bar percent|Others|{{party color|Other}}|1.90}}
}}

==== Proportional and FPTP results ====
<div style=display:inline-table>
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:right
|+ Proportional
|-
!colspan=2|Party
!Votes
!%
!Seats
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Five Star Movement}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Five Star Movement]] (M5S)
|style="text-align:right;"|9,733,928
|style="text-align:right;"|32.22
|style="text-align:right;"|68
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Democratic Party (Italy)}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Democratic Party (Italy)|Democratic Party]] (PD)
|style="text-align:right;"|5,783,360
|style="text-align:right;"|19.14
|style="text-align:right;"|43
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Lega Nord}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Lega Nord|League]] (Lega)
|style="text-align:right;"|5,321,537
|style="text-align:right;"|17.61
|style="text-align:right;"|37
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Forza Italia (2013)}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Forza Italia (2013)|Forza Italia]] (FI)
|style="text-align:right;"|4,358,004
|style="text-align:right;"|14.43
|style="text-align:right;"|33
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Brothers of Italy}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Brothers of Italy]] (FdI)
|style="text-align:right;"|1,286,606
|style="text-align:right;"|4.26
|style="text-align:right;"|7
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Free and Equal (Italy)}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Free and Equal (Italy)|Free and Equal]] (LeU){{efn|name=LeU}}
|style="text-align:right;"|991,159
|style="text-align:right;"|3.28
|style="text-align:right;"|4
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|More Europe}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[More Europe]] (+E){{efn|name=+E}}
|style="text-align:right;"|714,821
|style="text-align:right;"|2.37
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Us with Italy}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Us with Italy]] – [[Union of the Centre (2002)|UDC]] (NcI–UDC)
|style="text-align:right;"|361,402
|style="text-align:right;"|1.20
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Power to the People (Italy)}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Power to the People (Italy)|Power to the People]] (PaP){{efn|name=PaP}}
|style="text-align:right;"|320,493
|style="text-align:right;"|1.06
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|CasaPound}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[CasaPound]] (CPI)
|style="text-align:right;"|259,718
|style="text-align:right;"|0.86
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:#342d7e;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[The People of Family]] (PdF)
|style="text-align:right;"|211,759
|style="text-align:right;"|0.70
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Together (Italy)}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Together (Italy)|Together]] (IEI){{efn|name=IEI}}
|style="text-align:right;"|163,454
|style="text-align:right;"|0.54
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Popular Civic List}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Popular Civic List]] (CP){{efn|name=CP}}
|style="text-align:right;"|157,282
|style="text-align:right;"|0.52
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:#282828;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Italy for the Italians]] (IAI){{efn|name=IAI}}
|style="text-align:right;"|149,907
|style="text-align:right;"|0.50
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|South Tyrolean People's Party}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[South Tyrolean People's Party]] – [[Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party|PATT]] (SVP–PATT)
|style="text-align:right;"|128,282
|style="text-align:right;"|0.42
|style="text-align:right;"|1
|-
|style="background:#f62817;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Communist Party (Italy)|Communist Party]] (PC)
|style="text-align:right;"|101,648
|style="text-align:right;"|0.34
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:#9F235F;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|Human Value Party (PVU)
|style="text-align:right;"|38,749
|style="text-align:right;"|0.12
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:#dc142f;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[For a Revolutionary Left]] (PSR){{efn|name=PSR}}
|style="text-align:right;"|32,623
|style="text-align:right;"|0.11
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Italian Republican Party}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Italian Republican Party]] – [[Liberal Popular Alliance|ALA]] (PRI–ALA)
|style="text-align:right;"|27,384
|style="text-align:right;"|0.09
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:#D0004D;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|Autodetermination
|style="text-align:right;"|20,468
|style="text-align:right;"|0.07
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:{{party color|Great North}};"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Great North]] (GN)
|style="text-align:right;"|17,507
|style="text-align:right;"|0.06
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:#ff7e3b;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[People's List for the Constitution]] (LdP)
|style="text-align:right;"|10,356
|style="text-align:right;"|0.03
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:darkblue;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[United Right (Italy)|United Right]] – Pitchforks
|style="text-align:right;"|6,229
|style="text-align:right;"|0.02
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:lightblue;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Christian Democracy (Italy, 2012)|Christian Democracy]] (DC)
|style="text-align:right;"|5,532
|style="text-align:right;"|0.02
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:#0067DC;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Pact for Autonomy]] (PpA)
|style="text-align:right;"|5,015
|style="text-align:right;"|0.02
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:orange;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|SìAmo
|style="text-align:right;"|1,402
|style="text-align:right;"|0.00
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:#009000;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|Modern and Solidary State (SMS)
|style="text-align:right;"|1,384
|style="text-align:right;"|0.00
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:#56A5EC;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Renaissance (Italian political party)|Renaissance]] – [[Moderates in Revolution|MIR]]
|style="text-align:right;"|552
|style="text-align:right;"|0.00
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"|'''Total'''
|style="text-align:right;"|'''30,210,561'''
|style="text-align:right;"|'''100.00'''
|style="text-align:right;"|'''193'''
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"|Invalid / blank / unassigned votes || 1,398,216 || 4.48 || –
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"|'''Total turnout''' || '''31,231,814''' || '''73.01''' || –
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"|Registered voters || 42,780,033 || – || –
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="7"|Source: [http://elezionistorico.interno.gov.it/index.php?tpel=S&dtel=04/03/2018&tpa=I&tpe=A&lev0=0&levsut0=0&es0=S&ms=S Ministry of the Interior]
|}
</div>
<div style=display:inline-table>
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:right
|+ First-past-the-post
|-
!colspan=2|Party or coalition
!Votes
!%
!Seats
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Centre-right coalition}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Centre-right coalition]] (CDX)
|style="text-align:right;"|11,327,549
|style="text-align:right;"|37.50
|style="text-align:right;"|58
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Five Star Movement}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Five Star Movement]] (M5S)
|style="text-align:right;"|9,733,928
|style="text-align:right;"|32.22
|style="text-align:right;"|44
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Centre-left coalition}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Centre-left coalition]] (CSX)
|style="text-align:right;"|6,947,199
|style="text-align:right;"|23.00
|style="text-align:right;"|14
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Free and Equal (Italy)}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Free and Equal (Italy)|Free and Equal]] (LeU){{efn|name=LeU}}
|style="text-align:right;"|991,159
|style="text-align:right;"|3.28
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Power to the People (Italy)}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Power to the People (Italy)|Power to the People]] (PaP){{efn|name=PaP}}
|style="text-align:right;"|320,493
|style="text-align:right;"|1.06
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|CasaPound}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[CasaPound]] (CPI)
|style="text-align:right;"|259,718
|style="text-align:right;"|0.86
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:#342d7e;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[The People of Family]] (PdF)
|style="text-align:right;"|211,759
|style="text-align:right;"|0.70
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:#282828;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Italy for the Italians]] (IAI){{efn|name=IAI}}
|style="text-align:right;"|149,907
|style="text-align:right;"|0.50
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:#f62817;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Communist Party (Italy)|Communist Party]] (PC)
|style="text-align:right;"|101,648
|style="text-align:right;"|0.34
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:#9F235F;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|Human Value Party (PVU)
|style="text-align:right;"|38,749
|style="text-align:right;"|0.12
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:#dc142f;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[For a Revolutionary Left]] (PSR){{efn|name=PSR}}
|style="text-align:right;"|32,623
|style="text-align:right;"|0.11
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Italian Republican Party}}"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Italian Republican Party]]–[[Liberal Popular Alliance|ALA]] (PRI–ALA)
|style="text-align:right;"|27,384
|style="text-align:right;"|0.09
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:#D0004D;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|Autodetermination
|style="text-align:right;"|20,468
|style="text-align:right;"|0.07
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:{{party color|Great North}};"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Great North]] (GN)
|style="text-align:right;"|17,507
|style="text-align:right;"|0.06
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:#ff7e3b;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[People's List for the Constitution]] (LdP)
|style="text-align:right;"|10,356
|style="text-align:right;"|0.03
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:darkblue;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[United Right (Italy)|United Right]] – Pitchforks
|style="text-align:right;"|6,229
|style="text-align:right;"|0.02
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:lightblue;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Christian Democracy (Italy, 2012)|Christian Democracy]] (DC)
|style="text-align:right;"|5,532
|style="text-align:right;"|0.02
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:#0067DC;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Pact for Autonomy]] (PpA)
|style="text-align:right;"|5,015
|style="text-align:right;"|0.02
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:orange;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|SìAmo
|style="text-align:right;"|1,402
|style="text-align:right;"|0.00
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:#009000;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|Modern and Solidary State (SMS)
|style="text-align:right;"|1,384
|style="text-align:right;"|0.00
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="background:#56A5EC;"|
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Renaissance (Italian political party)|Renaissance]] – [[Moderates in Revolution|MIR]]
|style="text-align:right;"|354
|style="text-align:right;"|0.00
|style="text-align:right;"|0
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"|'''Total'''
|style="text-align:right;"|'''30,210,363'''
|style="text-align:right;"|'''100.00'''
|style="text-align:right;"|'''116'''
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"|Invalid / blank / unassigned votes || 1,398,216 || 4.48 || –
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"|'''Total turnout''' || '''31,231,814''' || '''73.01''' || –
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"|Registered voters || 42,780,033 || – || –
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="7"|Source: [http://elezionistorico.interno.gov.it/index.php?tpel=S&dtel=04/03/2018&tpa=I&tpe=A&lev0=0&levsut0=0&es0=S&ms=S Ministry of the Interior]
|}
</div>

==== Overseas constituencies ====
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:right
|-
!colspan=2|Party or coalition
!Votes
!%
!Seats
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Democratic Party (Italy)}}"|
|align=left|[[Democratic Party (Italy)|Democratic Party]] (PD) || 279,489 || 27.08 || 2
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Centre-right coalition}}"|
|align=left|[[Lega Nord|League]] – [[Forza Italia (2013)|Forza Italia]] – [[Brothers of Italy]] (Lega–FI–FdI) || 226,885 || 21.98 || 2
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Five Star Movement}}"|
|align=left|[[Five Star Movement]] (M5S) || 182,715 || 17.70 || 0
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Associative Movement of Italians Abroad}}"|
|align=left|[[Associative Movement of Italians Abroad]] (MAIE) || 110,879 || 10.74 || 1
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|South American Union of Italian Emigrants}}"|
|align=left|[[South American Union of Italian Emigrants]] (USEI) || 68,233 || 6.61 || 1
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Free and Equal (Italy)}}"|
|align=left|[[Free and Equal (Italy)|Free and Equal]] (LeU){{efn|name=LeU}} || 57,761 || 5.60 || 0
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|More Europe}}"|
|align=left|[[More Europe]] (+E){{efn|name=+E}} || 55,625 || 5.39 || 0
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Popular Civic}}"|
|align=left|[[Popular Civic List]] (CP){{efn|name=CP}} || 32,660 || 3.16 || 0
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Us with Italy}}"|
|align=left|[[Us with Italy]]–[[Union of the Centre (2002)|UDC]] (NcI–UDC) || 10,856 || 1.05 || 0
|-
|style="background:lightblue;"|
|align=left|Freedom Movement || 6,960 || 0.67 || 0
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"|'''Total'''
|style="text-align:right;"|'''1,032,063'''
|style="text-align:right;"|'''100.00'''
|style="text-align:right;"|'''6'''
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"|Invalid / blank / unassigned votes|| 146,430 || 12.61 || –
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"|'''Total turnout'''|| '''1,160,985''' || '''30.27''' || –
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"|Registered voters || 4,230,854|| – || –
|-
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="7"|Source: [http://elezionistorico.interno.gov.it/index.php?tpel=S&dtel=04/03/2018&tpa=E&tpe=A&lev0=0&levsut0=0&es0=S&ms=S Ministry of the Interior]
|}

=== Leaders' races ===
Di Maio and Renzi run in a [[single-member constituency]], respectively in [[Acerra]], near [[Naples]], for the Chamber of Deputies and in [[Florence]] for the Senate. Salvini ran in many multi-member constituencies through the country and he was elected in [[Calabria]] due to the mechanism of the electoral law,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ilgiornale.it/news/politica/salvini-vince-sua-sfida-eletto-anche-calabria-1501670.html|title=Salvini vince la sua sfida: eletto anche in Calabria|first=Raffaello|last=Binelli|work=Il Giornale|language=it|date=6 March 2018|access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref> while Meloni was elected in the single-member constituency of [[Latina, Lazio]], for the Chamber of Deputies.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://elezionistorico.interno.gov.it/index.php?tpel=C&dtel=04/03/2018&tpa=I&tpe=L&lev0=0&levsut0=0&lev1=16&levsut1=1&lev2=2&levsut2=2&levsut3=3&ne1=16&ne2=162&es0=S&es1=S&es2=S&es3=S&ms=S&ne3=1624&lev3=4|title=Elezioni Camera 4 marzo 2018 – Collegio di Latina|website=Eligendo Archivio|language=it|date=4 March 2018|access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref>

<div style=display:inline-table>
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:right
|-
!colspan=6|2018 general election ([[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|C]]): [[Acerra]]
|-
!colspan=2|Candidate
!Coalition
!Party
!Votes
!%
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Five Star Movement}}"|
|align=left|'''[[Luigi Di Maio]]'''
|align=left|None
|align=left|[[Five Star Movement|M5S]]
|'''95,219'''
|'''63.4'''
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Centre-right coalition}}"|
|align=left|[[Vittorio Sgarbi]]
|align=left|[[Centre-right coalition|Centre-right]]
|align=left|[[Forza Italia (2013)|FI]]
|30,596
|20.4
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Centre-left coalition}}"|
|align=left|Antonio Falcone
|align=left|[[Centre-left coalition|Centre-left]]
|align=left|[[Democratic Party (Italy)|PD]]
|18,018
|12.0
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Other}}"|
|align=left colspan=2|Others
|
|6,315
|4.1
|-
|align=left colspan=4|'''Total'''
|'''150,148'''
|'''100.0'''
|-
|align=left colspan=4|Turnout
|153,528
|69.9
|}
</div>
<div style=display:inline-table>
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:right
|-
!colspan=6|2018 general election ([[Senate of the Republic (Italy)|S]]): [[Florence]]
|-
!colspan=2|Candidate
!Coalition
!Party
!Votes
!%
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Centre-left coalition}}"|
|align=left|'''[[Matteo Renzi]]'''
|align=left|[[Centre-left coalition|Centre-left]]
|align=left|[[Democratic Party (Italy)|PD]]
|'''109,830'''
|'''43.9'''
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Centre-right coalition}}"|
|align=left|[[Alberto Bagnai]]
|align=left|[[Centre-right coalition|Centre-right]]
|align=left|[[Lega Nord|Lega]]
|61,642
|24.6
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Five Star Movement}}"|
|align=left|Nicola Cecchi
|align=left|None
|align=left|[[Five Star Movement|M5S]]
|49,925
|19.9
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Other}}"|
|align=left colspan=2|Others
|
|28,797
|11.4
|-
|align=left colspan=4|'''Total'''
|'''250,194'''
|'''100.0'''
|-
|align=left colspan=4| Turnout
|256,879
|78.6
|}
</div>
<div style=display:inline-table>
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:right
|-
!colspan=6|2018 general election ([[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|C]]): [[Latina, Lazio|Latina]]
|-
!colspan=2|Candidate
!Coalition
!Party
!Votes
!%
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Centre-right coalition}}"|
|align=left|'''[[Giorgia Meloni]]'''
|align=left|[[Centre-right coalition|Centre-right]]
|align=left|[[Brothers of Italy|FdI]]
|'''70,268'''
|'''41.0'''
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Five Star Movement}}"|
|align=left|Leone Martellucci
|align=left|None
|align=left|[[Five Star Movement|M5S]]
|62,563
|36.5
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Centre-left coalition}}"|
|align=left|Federico Fauttilli
|align=left|[[Centre-left coalition|Centre-left]]
|align=left|[[Solidary Democracy|DemoS]]
|26,293
|15.3
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Other}}"|
|align=left colspan=3|Others
|12,269
|7.2
|-
|align=left colspan=4|'''Total'''
|'''171,393'''
|'''100.0'''
|-
|align=left colspan=4|Turnout
|239,838
|74.1
|}
</div>

===Maps===
<gallery mode="packed" heights="250">
Italian 2018 elections Chamber of Deputies constituencies.svg|Winning candidates in constituencies for the Chamber of Deputies
Italian 2018 elections Senate constituencies.svg|Winning candidates in constituencies for the Senate of the Republic
Italian 2018 elections Chamber of Deputies constituencies parties.svg|Parties with the most votes in constituencies for the Chamber of Deputies
Italian 2018 elections Senate constituencies parties.svg|Parties with the most votes in constituencies for the Senate of the Republic
</gallery>

=== Analysis of proportionality ===
Using the [[Gallagher index]], the disproportionality of the Chamber of Deputies in the election was 5.50, while for the Senate of the Republic it was 6.12.
<div style=display:inline-table>
{|class="wikitable"
|+Chamber of Deputies
|-
!colspan="2"|Coalition
!Vote share
!Seat share
!Difference
!Difference²
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Centre-right coalition}}"|
|[[Centre-right coalition]]
|37.00
|42.06
|{{green|+5.06}}
|25.60
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Five Star Movement}}"|
|[[Five Star Movement]]
|32.68
|36.03
|{{green|+3.35}}
|11.22
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Centre-left coalition}}"|
|[[Centre-left coalition]]
|22.85
|19.36
|{{red|−3.49}}
|12.18
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Free and Equal (Italy)}}"|
|[[Free and Equal (Italy)|Free and Equal]]
|3.39
|2.22
|{{red|−1.17}}
|1.37
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Power to the People (Italy)}}"|
|[[Power to the People (Italy)|Power to the People]]
|1.13
|0.00
|{{red|−1.13}}
|1.28
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Other}}"|
|Others
|2.97
|0.00
|{{red|−2.97}}
|8.82
|-
|colspan="4" rowspan="3"|
!TOTAL
!60.47
|-
!TOTAL /2
!30.24
|-
!{{radic|TOTAL /2}}
!5.50
|}
</div>
<div style=display:inline-table>
{|class="wikitable"
|+ Senate of the Republic
|-
!colspan="2"|Coalition
!Vote share
!Seat share
!Difference
!Difference²
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Centre-right coalition}}"|
|[[Centre-right coalition]]
|37.49
|42.86
|{{green|+5.37}}
|28.84
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Five Star Movement}}"|
|[[Five Star Movement]]
|32.22
|35.56
|{{green|+3.34}}
|11.16
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Centre-left coalition}}"|
|[[Centre-left coalition]]
|22.99
|18.41
|{{red|−4.58}}
|20.98
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Free and Equal (Italy)}}"|
|[[Free and Equal (Italy)|Free and Equal]]
|3.28
|1.27
|{{red|−2.01}}
|4.04
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Power to the People (Italy)}}"|
|[[Power to the People (Italy)|Power to the People]]
|1.05
|0.00
|{{red|−1.05}}
|1.10
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Other}}"|
|Others
|2.97
|0.00
|{{red|−2.97}}
|8.82
|-
|colspan="4" rowspan="3"|
!TOTAL
!74.93
|-
!TOTAL /2
!37.47
|-
!{{radic|TOTAL /2}}
!6.12
|}
</div>

=== Electorate demographics ===
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;"
!colspan="7"|Sociology of the electorate
|-
!scope="col" rowspan="2" class="unsortable" style="width:160px;"|Demographic
!scope="col" style="width:80px;"|[[Centre-right coalition|Centre-right]]
!scope="col" style="width:80px;"|[[Five Star Movement|M5S]]
!scope="col" style="width:80px;"|[[Centre-left coalition|Centre-left]]
!scope="col" style="width:80px;"|[[Free and Equal (Italy)|LeU]]
!scope="col" style="width:80px;"|Others
!scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:80px;"|Turnout
|-
!style="background:{{party color|Centre-right coalition}};"|
!style="background:{{party color|Five Star Movement}};"|
!style="background:{{party color|Centre-left coalition}};"|
!style="background:{{party color|Free and Equal (Italy)}};"|
!style="background:{{party color|Other}};"|
|-
!Total vote
|style="background:#C8EBFF"|'''37.0%'''
|32.7%
|22.9%
|3.4%
|4.0%
|72.9%
|-
!colspan="7"|Sex
|-
!Men
|style="background:#C8EBFF"|'''36.8%'''
|32.8%
|22.9%
|3.5%
|4.0%
|72.5%
|-
!Women
|style="background:#C8EBFF"|'''37.1%'''
|32.9%
|22.9%
|2.7%
|3.7%
|68.3%
|-
!colspan="7"|Age
|-
!18–34 years old
|34.4%
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"|'''35.3%'''
|21.5%
|5.0%
|3.8%
|70.1%
|-
!35–49 years old
|style="background:#C8EBFF"|'''37.4%'''
|35.4%
|20.3%
|2.7%
|4.2%
|72.2%
|-
!50–64 years old
|style="background:#C8EBFF"|'''38.3%'''
|34.0%
|20.1%
|3.2%
|4.4%
|72.4%
|-
!65 or older
|style="background:#C8EBFF"|'''36.9%'''
|27.1%
|30.1%
|3.0%
|2.9%
|66.3%
|-
!colspan="7"|Occupation
|-
!Student
|29.9%
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"|'''32.3%'''
|24.4%
|8.2%
|5.2%
|66.8%
|-
!Unemployed
|style="background:#C8EBFF"|'''41.8%'''
|37.2%
|15.1%
|0.6%
|5.3%
|63.7%
|-
!Housewife
|style="background:#C8EBFF"|'''41.1%'''
|36.1%
|17.4%
|1.8%
|3.6%
|65.9%
|-
!Blue-collar
|style="background:#C8EBFF"|'''42.6%'''
|37.0%
|14.1%
|1.3%
|5.0%
|72.0%
|-
!White-collar
|29.4%
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"|'''36.1%'''
|25.4%
|5.6%
|3.5%
|75.6%
|-
!Self-employed
|style="background:#C8EBFF"|'''46.9%'''
|31.8%
|15.1%
|2.3%
|3.9%
|73.3%
|-
!Manager
|style="background:#C8EBFF"|'''31.8%'''
|31.2%
|29.5%
|3.3%
|4.2%
|77.9%
|-
!Retired
|style="background:#C8EBFF"|'''36.6%'''
|26.4%
|30.5%
|3.7%
|2.8%
|68.8%
|-
!colspan="7"|Work sector
|-
!Public sector
|29.7%
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"|'''41.6%'''
|24.0%
|1.7%
|3.9%
|71.8%
|-
!Private sector
|style="background:#C8EBFF"|'''35.6%'''
|34.0%
|22.0%
|4.3%
|4.1%
|72.7%
|-
!colspan="7"|Education
|-
!Elementary school
|style="background:#C8EBFF"|'''36.1%'''
|30.0%
|28.5%
|2.3%
|3.1%
|64.9%
|-
!Middle school
|style="background:#C8EBFF"|'''42.7%'''
|33.3%
|18.4%
|2.2%
|3.4%
|70.5%
|-
!High school
|34.9%
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"|'''36.1%'''
|20.3%
|4.7%
|4.0%
|74.1%
|-
!University
|28.8%
|29.3%
|style="background:#FFD0D7"|'''31.4%'''
|5.5%
|5.0%
|72.0%
|-
!colspan="7"|Religious service attendance
|-
!Weekly or more
|style="background:#C8EBFF"|'''38.2%'''
|30.9%
|26.0%
|2.2%
|2.7%
|68.9%
|-
!Monthly
|style="background:#C8EBFF"|'''44.6%'''
|31.4%
|18.5%
|2.6%
|2.9%
|72.0%
|-
!Occasionally
|style="background:#C8EBFF"|'''38.6%'''
|34.9%
|20.0%
|3.2%
|3.3%
|71.2%
|-
!Never
|30.8%
|style="background:#FFFFBF"|'''33.7%'''
|24.8%
|5.2%
|5.5%
|69.9%
|-
!colspan="7"|
|-
|colspan="7"|Source: Ipsos Italia<ref>{{cite web|last1=Formigoni|first1=Lucio|last2=Forni|first2=Mattia|date=March 2018|url=https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/news/documents/2018-03/elezioni_politiche_2018_-_analisi_post-voto_ipsos-twig.pdf|title=Elezioni politiche 2018: Analisi post voto|publisher=Ipsos|language=it|access-date=18 February 2022}}</ref>
|}

== Government formation ==
{{see also|2018 Italian government formation|}}
[[File:Meloni Salvini Berlusconi.jpg|thumb|220px|[[Giorgia Meloni]], [[Matteo Salvini]], and [[Silvio Berlusconi]] at the [[Quirinal Palace]]]]
After the election's results were known, both [[Luigi Di Maio]] and [[Matteo Salvini]] stated that they must receive from President [[Sergio Mattarella]] the task of forming a new cabinet because they led the largest party and the largest coalition, respectively.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/notizie/2018-03-05/terremoto-pd-renzi-si-dimette-salvini-la-lega-ha-vinto-e-guidera-governo-maio-dato-storico-112905.shtml|title=Salvini: 'La Lega guiderà governo'. Di Maio: 'Inizia Terza Repubblica'|work=La Repubblica|language=it|date=5 March 2018|access-date=5 March 2018}}</ref> On 5 March, [[Matteo Renzi]] announced that the [[Democratic Party (Italy)|Democratic Party]] (PD) would be in the opposition during this legislature and he would resign as party leader when a new cabinet is formed.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.repubblica.it/speciali/politica/elezioni2018/2018/03/05/news/elezioni_2018_renzi_si_dimette-190497785/|title=Renzi: 'Lascerò dopo nuovo governo. Pd all'opposizione'. Ma è scontro nel partito: 'Via subito'|work=La Repubblica|language=it|date=5 March 2018|access-date=5 March 2018}}</ref> On 6 March, Salvini repeated his campaign message that his party would refuse any coalition with the [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/ausland/italien-das-sind-die-ziele-der-populisten-salvini-und-di-maio-15481130-p2.html|title=Was die Populisten wirklich wollen|date=6 March 2018|newspaper=Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung|language=de|last=Rüb|first=Matthias}}</ref> On 14 March, Salvini offered to govern with the M5S, imposing the condition that the [[Lega Nord|League]] ally [[Forza Italia (2013)|Forza Italia]], led by the former prime minister [[Silvio Berlusconi]], must also take part in any coalition. Di Maio rejected this proposal on the grounds that Salvini was "choosing restoration instead of revolution" because "Berlusconi represents the past".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/italy-coalition-salvini-open-5stars/|title=Italy's Salvini open to coalition with 5Stars|date=14 March 2018|work=Politico|access-date=8 April 2018}}</ref>

On 12 March, Renzi resigned as party leader and was replaced by deputy secretary [[Maurizio Martina]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Tanner|first=Simon|date=8 March 2018|url=https://www.corriere.it/english/18_marzo_08/renzi-resigns-and-hands-over-running-of-pd-to-martina-67d0d70e-22e9-11e8-a740-dc76cebf8197.shtml|title=Renzi resigns and hands over running of PD to Martina|work=Corriere della Sera|access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Zampano|first=Giada|date=12 March 2018|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/matteo-renzi-resignation-exit-stage-left-italy-elections-pd/|title=Matteo Renzi, exit stage left|work=Politico|access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref> On 24 March, the [[centre-right coalition]] and the M5S agreed on the election of presidents of the houses of [[parliament]], [[Roberto Fico]] of the M5S for the [[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]] and [[Maria Elisabetta Alberti Casellati]] of FI for the [[Senate of the Republic (Italy)|Senate of the Republic]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/rom-italienische-wahlsieger-einigen-sich-auf-parlamentspraesidenten-a-1199763.html|title=Italienische Wahlsieger einigen sich auf Parlamentspräsidenten|date=24 March 2018|work=[[Der Spiegel]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.suedtirolnews.it/video/italienische-wahlsieger-einigen-sich-auf-parlamentspraesidenten|title=Italienische Wahlsieger einigen sich auf Parlamentspräsidenten [1:10]|date=25 March 2018|website=Südtirol News|language=de|access-date=29 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330012252/https://www.suedtirolnews.it/video/italienische-wahlsieger-einigen-sich-auf-parlamentspraesidenten|archive-date=30 March 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

On 7 April, Di Maio made an appeal to the PD to "bury the hatchet" and consider a governing coalition with the M5S.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dw.com/en/five-star-movement-m5s-courts-democratic-party-pd-for-italian-coalition/a-43291746|title=Five Star Movement (M5S) courts Democratic Party (PD) for Italian coalition|publisher=Deutsche Welle|access-date=8 April 2018}}</ref> On 18 April, President [[Sergio Mattarella]] gave newly-elected Senate president Casellati a so-called "exploratory mandate" to form a government of M5S and the centre-right coalition, with a two-day deadline.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/a478c4a2-4312-11e8-803a-295c97e6fd0b|work=Financial Times|access-date=18 April 2018|date=18 April 2018|title=Italian president makes fresh push to form government}}</ref> On 23 April, President Mattarella gave newly-elected Chamber of Deputies president Fico an "exploratory mandate" to form a government between M5S and the PD, with a three-day deadline. The decision came after the previous attempt by Casellati failed to show any progress.<ref>{{cite news|date=23 April 2018|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-04-23/center-right-ahead-in-molise-amid-italian-government-impasse|title=Italy Picks New Mediator in Search for Government Majority|publisher=Bllomberg|access-date=24 April 2018}}</ref> On 30 April, following an interview of Renzi, who expressed his strong opposition to an alliance with the M5S, Di Maio called for new elections.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2018-04/italien-regierungsbildung-fuenf-sterne-bewegung-luigi-di-maio-sergio-mattarella-parlament-verhandlungen|title=Fünf-Sterne-Bewegung fordert Neuwahlen|newspaper=Die Zeit|language=de|access-date=30 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/italien-fuenf-sterne-bewegung-ruft-zu-neuwahlen-auf-a-1205558.html|title=Fünf-Sterne-Bewegung verlangt Neuwahlen|newspaper=Der Spiegel|language=de|date=30 April 2018|access-date=30 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nachrichten.at/nachrichten/politik/aussenpolitik/Ratlosigkeit-in-Rom-Sind-Neuwahlen-noetig;art391,2885130|title=Ratlosigkeit in Rom: Sind Neuwahlen nötig?|website=OÖNachrichten|language=de|access-date=2 May 2018}}</ref>

On 7 May, President Mattarella held a third round of government formation talks, after which he formally confirmed the lack of any possible majority (the M5S rejecting an alliance with the whole centre-right coalition, the PD rejecting an alliance with both the M5S and the centre-right coalition, and the League's Salvini refusing to start a government with the M5S without Berlusconi's FI, whose presence in the government was explicitly vetoed by M5S's Di Maio); on the same circumstance, he announced his intention to soon appoint a "neutral government" (irrespective of the M5S and the League's refusal to support such an option) to take over from the [[Gentiloni Cabinet]], which was considered unable to lead Italy into a second consecutive election, as it was representing a majority from a past legislature, and offering an early election in July as a realistic option to take into consideration due to the deadlock situation.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/may/07/sergio-mattarella-italian-president-neutral-government|work=The Guardian|access-date=9 May 2018|date=7 May 2018|title=Italian president says 'neutral' government should lead until end of year}}</ref>

[[File:Carlo Cottarelli Quirinale.jpg|thumb|left|220px|[[Carlo Cottarelli]] at the Quirinal Palace]]
On 9 May, after a day of rumours, both the M5S and the League officially requested President Mattarella to give them 24 more hours to strike a government agreement between the two parties.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.ft.com/content/b253e5a4-53a0-11e8-b3ee-41e0209208ec|work=Financial Times|access-date= 9 May 2018|date=9 May 2018|title=Italy's populist parties given 24 hours to avert fresh elections}}</ref> Later in the evening that same day, Berlusconi publicly announced that FI would not support a M5S–League government on a [[vote of confidence]] but would still maintain the centre-right alliance, opening the doors to a possible majority government between the two parties.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.repubblica.it/politica/2018/05/09/news/governo_salvini_ci_provero_fino_all_ultimo_-195890439/|work=La Repubblica|access-date=9 May 2018|date=9 May 2018|title=Governo M5S-Lega, Berlusconi: nessun veto all'intesa ma no alla fiducia|language=it}}</ref>

On 13 May, the M5S and the League reached an agreement on a government program, clearing the way for the formation of a governing coalition between the two parties, while they still negotiated the members of a government cabinet, including the prime minister. The M5S and League leaders were slated to meet with President Mattarella on 14 May to guide the formation of a new government.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/italys-populist-5-star-league-parties-reach-deal-on-government-program-2018-05-13|publisher=MarketWatch|date=13 May 2018|title=Italy's populist 5 Star, League parties reach deal on government program|access-date=13 May 2018}}</ref> On 17 May, the M5S and the League agreed to the details regarding the government program, officially clearing the way for the formation of a governing coalition between the two parties.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-italy-politics-idUSKCN1II1GB|title=Italian parties agree government program, say no threat to euro|date=18 May 2018|publisher=Reuters|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref> The final draft of their program was then published on 18 May.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20180518-italy-5-star-movement-league-publish-anti-austerity-government-programme|title=Italy's 5-Star Movement and League publish anti-austerity government programme|date=18 May 2018|website=France 24|publisher=Agence France-Presse|access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref>

On 18 May, 44,796 members of the M5S cast their vote online on the matter concerning the government agreement, with 42,274, more than 94%, voting in favour.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thelocal.it/20180519/italy-awaits-pm-nominee-after-populists-unveil-government-programme|title=Italy awaits PM nominee after populists unveil government programme|date=19 May 2018|website=The Local|access-date=19 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-italy-politics-idUSKCN1IJ2KQ|title=Italy's 5-star members back coalition program with League in online...|date=18 May 2018|publisher=Reuters}}</ref> A second vote sponsored by the League then took place on 19 May and 20 May, and was open to the general public.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 May 2018|title=Italy's Populist League Gives Public a Say on Coalition Program|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-05-18/league-gives-all-italians-a-chance-to-vote-on-coalition-program|access-date=2020-09-26|publisher=Bloomberg}}</ref> On 20 May, it was announced that approximately 215,000 Italian citizens had participated in the League election, with around 91 percent supporting the government agreement.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-italy-politics-ballot-idUSKCN1IL07X|title=Italians back League, 5-Star plan as groups ready government team|date=20 May 2018|publisher=Reuters|access-date=20 May 2018}}</ref>

On 21 May, the M5S and the League proposed law professor [[Giuseppe Conte]] as Prime Minister.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-44197351|title=Italy populists name PM candidate|date=21 May 2018|publisher=BBC|access-date=22 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-italy-politics/italys-5-star-league-to-seek-presidents-backing-on-government-pm-idUSKCN1IM0R4|title=Italian president hesitates as novice put forward as premier|last=Giorgio|first=Massimiliano Di|work=U.S.|access-date=21 May 2018}}</ref> On 23 May, Conte was invited to the [[Quirinal Palace]] to receive the task of forming a new cabinet and was granted a mandate by President Mattarella.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/latest-populists-premier-presidential-mandate-55386036|title=The Latest: Populists' premier gets presidential mandate|website=[[ABC News]]|access-date=23 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524005429/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/latest-populists-premier-presidential-mandate-55386036|archive-date=24 May 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2018/05/23/news/governo_conte_torna_in_bilico_tempi_piu_lunghi_mattarella_vuole_riflettere-197118162/|title=Di Battista all'attacco di Mattarella: 'Non si opponga agli italiani'. La lunga giornata del Colle|date=23 May 2018|work=La Repubblica|language=it|access-date=23 May 2018}}</ref> On 27 May, the designated Prime Minister Conte renounced to his office due to contrasts between the League's leader Salvini and President Mattarella. Salvini proposed the university professor [[Paolo Savona]] as [[Italian Minister of Economy and Finances|Minister of Economy and Finances]], but Mattarella opposed him, considering Savona too [[Eurosceptic]] and [[Anti-Germans (political current)|anti-German]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2018/05/27/news/governo_conte_mattarella_savona-197450521/|title=Governo, il giorno della rinuncia di Conte. Ecco come è fallita la trattativa su Savona|date=27 May 2018|work=La Repubblica|language=it|access-date=27 May 2018}}</ref> In his speech after Conte's resignation, Mattarella declared that the two parties wanted to bring Italy out of the [[eurozone]]; as the guarantor of the [[Constitution of Italy]] and country's interest and stability, he could not allow this.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.it/2018/05/27/lora-piu-buia-di-mattarella-la-scelta-obbligata-di-difendere-linteresse-nazionale-dopo-il-no-dei-partiti-alla-soluzione-giorgetti-per-leconomia_a_23444708/|title=L'ora più buia di Mattarella: la scelta obbligata di difendere l'interesse nazionale dopo il no dei partiti alla soluzione Giorgetti per l'Economia|date=27 May 2018|website=L'Huffington Post|language=it|access-date=27 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2018/05/27/news/governo_dopo_le_minacce_di_impeachment_sui_social_parte_la_solidarieta_a_mattarella-197516727/|title=Governo, firme e tweet di solidarietà a Mattarella. Ma spuntano anche minacce di morte|date=27 May 2018|website=Repubblica.it}}</ref> On the following day, Mattarella gave [[Carlo Cottarelli]], an economist and former [[IMF]] director, the task of forming a new government.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.repubblica.it/politica/2018/05/28/news/salvini_radio_capital_centrodestra-197543015/|title=Cottarelli accetta l'incarico: 'Senza fiducia il Paese al voto dopo agosto'|date=28 May 2018|work=La Repubblica|access-date=28 May 2018|language=it}}</ref>

[[File:Giuseppe Conte nel corso delle dichiarazioni in occasione del conferimento dell'incarico - 23 maggio 2018.jpg|thumb|[[Giuseppe Conte]] at the Quirinal Palace]]
In the statement released after the designation, Cottarelli specified that in case of [[confidence]] by the [[Italian Parliament]], he would contribute to the approval of the [[budget law]] for 2019, then Parliament would be dissolved and a new general election would be called for the beginning of 2019. In the absence of confidence, the government would deal only with the so-called current affairs and lead the country toward new elections after August 2018. Cottarelli also guaranteed the neutrality of the government and the commitment not to run for the next election.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.corriere.it/politica/18_maggio_28/cottarelli-accetta-formare-governo-la-fiducia-voto-2019-senza-agosto-5a649d4e-6263-11e8-bb5f-63b58f0e7bef_preview.shtml|title=Cottarelli accetta di formare il governo: con la fiducia al voto nel 2019, senza dopo agosto|work=Corriere della Sera|access-date=29 May 2018|language=it}}</ref> He ensured a prudent management of [[Italian national debt]] and the defense of national interests through a constructive dialogue with the [[European Union]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/politica/2018/05/28/mattarella-contro-lintolleranza-fedelta-a-democrazia-_41bb3f5f-bf73-4c20-9c18-189e789d57f6.html|title=Governo, Mattarella dà l'incarico. Cottarelli: 'Senza fiducia elezioni dopo agosto'|date=28 May 2018|publisher=ANSA|access-date=29 May 2018|language=it}}</ref>

On 28 May 2018, the PD announced that they would vote the confidence to Cottarelli, while the M5S and the centre-right parties FI, the League, and [[Brothers of Italy]] (FdI) announced their vote against.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.repubblica.it/politica/2018/05/28/news/salvini_se_berlusconi_lo_vota_addio_alleanza_-197549039/|title=Berlusconi: 'No alla fiducia e centrodestra unito al voto'. Ma Salvini: 'Alleanza con Fi? Ci penserò'|date=28 May 2018|work=La Repubblica|access-date=29 May 2018|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.repubblica.it/politica/2018/05/28/news/franceschini_pd_renzi_martina-197570543/|title=Pd, Martina: 'Fiducia a Cottarelli'. Renzi: 'Salviamo il Paese'. E i dem: manifestazione nazionale a Roma il 1° giugno|date=28 May 2018|work=La Repubblica|access-date=29 May 2018|language=it}}</ref> Cottarelli was expected to submit his list of ministers for approval to President Mattarella on 29 May. On 29 May and 30 May, he held only informal consultations with Mattarella. According to the Italian media, he was facing difficulties due to the unwillingness of several potential candidates to serve as ministers in his cabinet and may even renounce. Meanwhile, Salvini and Di Maio announced their willingness to restart the negotiations to form a political government, and the FdI leader [[Giorgia Meloni]] gave her support to the initiative.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://roma.corriere.it/notizie/politica/18_maggio_30/governo-cottarelli-quirinale-mattarella-61982f12-63d6-11e8-9b4c-0d37dd8c9cfa.shtml|title=Incontro informale in corso tra Cottarelli e MattarellaI tre scenari possibili|work=Corriere della Sera|access-date=30 May 2018|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.repubblica.it/politica/2018/05/30/news/trattativa_m5s_lega_cottarelli_colle-197707709/|title=Governo, Cottarelli vede Mattarella. Ora al lavoro alla Camera. Riparte la trattativa giallo-verde|date=30 May 2018|work=La Repubblica|access-date=30 May 2018|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.repubblica.it/politica/2018/05/29/news/di_maio_spero_voto_prima_possibile_ma_pronti_a_collaborare_con_mattarella_-197682177/|title=Di Maio: 'Impeachment non più sul tavolo'. E si riapre l'ipotesi di un governo Lega-M5s|date=29 May 2018|work=La Repubblica|access-date=30 May 2018|language=it}}</ref> The government was formed the following day.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Di Giorgio|first1=Massimiliano|last2=Jones|first2=Gavin|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-italy-politics-idUSKCN1IX49T|title=Italy's Conte sworn in as PM of anti-establishment government|publisher=Reuters|access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref>

Latest revision as of 11:41, 23 May 2023

Phoenixia: Labor Party of Phoenixia, National Alliance, Progressive Party of Phoenixia, Phoenixia Liberal Democratic Party, Phoenixia Akuan Party, New Afragola, Conservative Party of Phoenixia, Republican Party of Phoenixia.

Retrieved from "https://tep.wiki/wiki/User:Pox/sandbox?oldid=69216"