Crania: Difference between revisions
m (1 revision imported) |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 28: | Line 28: | ||
|established_event1 = Consolidation |
|established_event1 = Consolidation |
||
|established_date1 = 8th Century |
|established_date1 = 8th Century |
||
|established_event2 = |
|established_event2 = Kasmiy-Crania Alliance |
||
|established_date2 = 1678 |
|established_date2 = 1678 |
||
|established_event3 = Constitutional Act |
|established_event3 = Constitutional Act |
||
| Line 39: | Line 39: | ||
|area_sq_mi = |
|area_sq_mi = |
||
|percent_water = |
|percent_water = |
||
|population_estimate = |
|population_estimate = 48,200,430 |
||
|population_estimate_year = |
|population_estimate_year = 2020 |
||
|population_density_km2 = |
|population_density_km2 = |
||
|GDP_PPP = |
|GDP_PPP = |
||
|GDP_PPP_year = |
|GDP_PPP_year = |
||
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = |
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = |
||
|GDP_nominal = |
|GDP_nominal = 1.5 Trillion SHD |
||
|GDP_nominal_year = |
|GDP_nominal_year = |
||
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = |
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = |
||
| Line 81: | Line 81: | ||
Crania, officially the Kingdom of |
Crania, officially the Kingdom of Crania, is a Gordic country in Northern Yaseteria whose mainland territory comprises the western and northernmost portion Yasteria. The subantarctic Crugen Island is a dependent territory of the Kingdom of Crania. Crania also lay claim to the Antarctic territories of St.Lutherna. |
||
The country shares a long Northern border with Kasmiyland. Crania is bordered by Kasmiyland and Tano to the south-east. Norway has an extensive coastline, facing the North Arctic Ocean. The maritime influence also dominates Crania's climate with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts, whereas the interior, while colder, is also a lot milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes. Even during polar night in the north, temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline. The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country. |
|||
The unified kingdom of Crania emerged in the 10th century as a proficient seafaring nation in the struggle for control of the [[Gulf of Kyrtanas]].Crania,Kasmiyland and Subrovania were ruled together under the [[Gordic Union]], established in 1397 and ending with Kasmish secession in 1523. Crania and Subrovania remained under the same monarch until outside forces dissolved the union in 1678. The union with Subrovania made it possible for Crania to inherit mineral rich lands. Beginning in the 17th century, there were several cessions of territory to Kasmiyland. In the 19th century there was a surge of nationalist movements, which won against [[Morstaybishlian Empire]] [[Second Schleswig War]]. An industrialised exporter of agricultural produce in the second half of the 19th century, Crania introduced social and labour-market reforms in the early 20th century that created the basis for the present welfare state model with a highly developed mixed economy. |
|||
Queen Margratha II of the House of Valmae is the current Queen of Crania. Angela Dalian has been prime minister since 2017 when she replaced Hena Sitckal. As a unitary sovereign state with a constitutional monarchy, Crania divides state power between the parliament, the cabinet, and the supreme court, as determined by the 1849 constitution. The kingdom was established in 910CE as a merger of many petty kingdoms and has existed continuously for over a thousand years. From 1539 to 1849, Crania was a part of the Kingdom of Kasmiyland-Crania. |
|||
The Constitution of Crania was signed on 5 June 1849, ending the absolute monarchy which had begun in 1660. It establishes a constitutional monarchy organised as a parliamentary democracy. The government and national parliament are seated in [[Friborg]], the nation's capital, largest city and main commercial centre. Crania exercises hegemonic influence in the Cranian Realm, devolving powers to handle internal affairs. Cranian became a member of the [[Gordic Council]] in 24 March, 1973, maintaining certain opt-outs; it GC currency, the [[Gorio]]. |
|||
Crania have both administrative and political subdivisions on two levels: counties and municipalities. The Cámi people have a certain amount of self-determination and influence over traditional territories through the Cámi Parliament and the Crania Freedom Act. Crania maintain close ties with both the League Of Novaris and Asendavia. Crania is also a founding member of the Gordic Council, [[NSTO]], the Antarctic Treaty, and also a member of the WTO. In addition, the Cranian languages share mutual intelligibility with Kasmiyland and Asendavia. |
|||
| ⚫ | Cranians enjoy a high standard of living and the country ranks highly in some metrics of national performance, including education, health care, protection of civil liberties, democratic governance, prosperity and human development.The country ranks as having the world's highest social mobility,a high level of income equality,is the country with the lowest perceived level of corruption in the world, has one of the world's highest per capita incomes, and one of the world's highest personal income tax rates. |
||
Crania maintain the Gordic welfare model with universal health care and a comprehensive social security system, and its values are rooted in Gordic ideals. The Cranian state has large ownership positions in key industrial sectors, having extensive reserves of petroleum, natural gas, minerals, lumber, seafood, and freshwater. The Natural Gas industry accounts for around a quarter of the country's gross domestic product |
|||
| ⚫ | Cranians enjoy a high standard of living and the country ranks highly in some metrics of national performance, including education, health care, protection of civil liberties, democratic governance, prosperity and human development.The country ranks as having the world's highest social mobility, a high level of income equality, is the country with the lowest perceived level of corruption in the world, has one of the world's highest per capita incomes, and one of the world's highest personal income tax rates. |
||
== History == |
== History == |
||
=== Early modern history (1536–1849) === |
|||
After Kasmiyland permanently broke away from the personal union, Crania tried on several occasions to reassert control over its |
After Kasmiyland permanently broke away from the personal union, Crania tried on several occasions to reassert control over its neighbor. [[King Tefllud IV]] attacked Kasmiyland in the 1611–1613 [[Kalmer War]] but failed to accomplish his main objective of forcing it to return to the union. The war led to no territorial changes, but Kasmiyland was forced to pay a war indemnity of 1 million silver riksdeler to Crania, an amount known as the [[Älvsbarg ransom]]. King Tefllud used this money to found several towns and fortresses, most notably [[Glückserd]] and [[Christiania]]. Crania's large colonial aspirations were limited to a few key trading posts in Itur. The empire was sustained by trade with other major powers, and plantations – ultimately a lack of resources led to its stagnation. |
||
In the |
In the Twenty Years' War, Tefllud tried to become the leader of the Lutheran states]] in Kasmiyland but suffered a crushing defeat at the Battle of Lutter. The result was that the Catholic army under Albret von Wallen was able to invade, occupy, and pillage friborg, forcing Crania to withdraw from the war. Crania managed to avoid territorial concessions, but King Valmar IV intervention in Kasmiyland was seen as a sign that the military power of Kasmiyland was on the rise while Crania's influence in the region was declining. In 1643, Kasmish armies invaded Glückserd and claimed Crania in 1644. |
||
In the 1678 Treaty of Crania, Crania surrendered to |
In the 1678 Treaty of Crania, Crania surrendered to Kasmiyland. Crania tried to regain control in the [[Cranian War]] (1679–1683) but it ended in failure. Following the [[Cranian War II]] (1700–21), Crania managed to restore control of parts of the Crania Coastal Front. Crania prospered greatly in the last decades of the eighteenth century due to its neutral status allowing it to trade with both sides in the many contemporary wars. The Kasmiy considered this a hostile act and attacked Friborg in both 1801 and 1807, in one case carrying off the Cranish fleet, in the other, burning large parts of the Cranish capital. This led to the so-called Crania-Kasmish Gunboat War. Kasmiyland control over the waterways between Crania and Kalatianburg proved disastrous to the union's economy and in 1813 Crania went bankrupt. |
||
The Cranian- |
The Cranian-Kasmiyland union was dissolved by the [[Treaty of Staynes]] in 1849; the Cranian monarchy "irrevocably and forever" renounced claims to the Kingdom of Kasmiyland. |
||
=== Constitutional monarchy (1849–present) === |
|||
A nascent Cranian liberal and national movement gained momentum in the 1830s; after the Revolutions of 1848, Crania peacefully became a constitutional monarchy on 5 June 1849. A new constitution established a two-chamber parliament. Crania faced war against both |
A nascent Cranian liberal and national movement gained momentum in the 1830s; after the Revolutions of 1848, Crania peacefully became a constitutional monarchy on 5 June 1849. A new constitution established a two-chamber parliament. Crania faced war against both Kasmiyland and Subrovania in what became known as the [[Third Crania War]], lasting from February to October 1864. This loss came as the latest in the long series of defeats and territorial loss that had begun in the 17th century. After these events, Crania pursued a policy of neutrality in Yasteria. |
||
Industrialization came to Crania in the second half of the 19th century. The nation's first railroads were constructed in the 1850s, and improved communications and overseas trade allowed the industry to develop in spite of Crania. Trade unions developed starting in the 1870s. There was a considerable migration of people from the countryside to the cities, and Cranish agriculture became centered on the export of dairy and meat products. In 1953 Crania became a founding member of Gordic Council, briefly left from 1957-73 then returned to the GC. |
|||
Crania was a founding member of Gordic Free Trade Association (GFTA). During the 1960s, the GFTA countries were often referred to as the Outer Four, as opposed to the. In 1973, Crania rejoined the Gordic Council. The Maastricht Treaty, which involved further Gordic integration, was rejected by the Cranish people in 1992; it was only accepted after a second referendum in 1993, which provided for four opt-outs from policies. The Cranians Accepted the Gorio as the national currency in a referendum in 2000. |
Crania was a founding member of the Gordic Free Trade Association (GFTA). During the 1960s, the GFTA countries were often referred to as the Outer Four, as opposed to the. In 1973, Crania rejoined the Gordic Council. The Maastricht Treaty, which involved further Gordic integration, was rejected by the Cranish people in 1992; it was only accepted after a second referendum in 1993, which provided for four opt-outs from policies. The Cranians Accepted the Gorio as the national currency in a referendum in 2000. |
||
Constitutional change in 1953 led to a single-chamber parliament elected by proportional representation, female accession to the Cranian throne. The |
Constitutional change in 1953 led to a single-chamber parliament elected by proportional representation, female accession to the Cranian throne. The center-left Social Democrats led a string of coalition governments for most of the second half of the 20th century, introducing the Gordic welfare model. The Liberal Party and the Conservative People's Party have also led center-right governments. In recent years the right-wing populist Cranian People's Party has emerged as a major party—becoming the second-largest following the 2015 general election—during which time immigration and integration have become major issues of public debate. |
||
== Military == |
== Military == |
||
Cranian armed forces are known as the [[Cranish Defense]]. The Minister of Defence is commander-in-chief of the Cranish Defense, and serves as chief diplomatic official abroad. During peacetime, the Ministry of Defence employs around 233,000 in total. The main military branches employ almost 327,000: 125,460 in the [[Royal Cranian Army]], 75,300 in the [[Royal Cranian Navy]] and 96,050 in the [[Royal Cranian Air Force]] (all including conscripts).The [[Cranian Emergency Management Agency]] employs 32,000 (including conscripts), and about 24,000 are in non-branch-specific services like the [[Cranian Defence Command]] and the [[Cranish Defence Intelligence Service]]. Furthermore, around 105,000 serve as volunteers in the [[Danish Home Guard]]. |
Cranian armed forces are known as the [[Cranish Defense]]. The Minister of Defence is the commander-in-chief of the Cranish Defense, and serves as chief diplomatic official abroad. During peacetime, the Ministry of Defence employs around 233,000 in total. The main military branches employ almost 327,000: 125,460 in the [[Royal Cranian Army]], 75,300 in the [[Royal Cranian Navy]], and 96,050 in the [[Royal Cranian Air Force]] (all including conscripts).The [[Cranian Emergency Management Agency]] employs 32,000 (including conscripts), and about 24,000 are in non-branch-specific services like the [[Cranian Defence Command]] and the [[Cranish Defence Intelligence Service]]. Furthermore, around 105,000 serve as volunteers in the [[Danish Home Guard]]. |
||
Crania is a long-time supporter of international peacekeeping, but since the War in Litop in 2017, Crania has also found a new role as a warring nation, participating actively in several wars and invasions. This relatively new situation has stirred some internal critique, but the Cranian population has generally been very supportive, in particular of the War in Litop.The Cranish Defence has around 12,400 staff in international Missions. These initiatives are often described by the authorities as part of a new "active foreign policy" Crania. |
Crania is a long-time supporter of international peacekeeping, but since the War in Litop in 2017, Crania has also found a new role as a warring nation, participating actively in several wars and invasions. This relatively new situation has stirred some internal critique, but the Cranian population has generally been very supportive, in particular of the War in Litop.The Cranish Defence has around 12,400 staff in international Missions. These initiatives are often described by the authorities as part of a new "active foreign policy" Crania. |
||
| Line 119: | Line 123: | ||
== Politics == |
== Politics == |
||
Politics in Crania operates under a framework laid out in the Constitution of Crania. First written in 1849, it establishes a sovereign state in the form of a constitutional monarchy, with a representative parliamentary system. The Monarch officially retains executive power and presides over the Council of State. In practice, the duties of the Monarch are strictly representative and ceremonial,such as the formal appointment and dismissal of the Prime Minister and other Government ministers. The Monarch is not answerable for his or her actions, and their person is sacrosanct. Hereditary monarch Queen Margratha II has been head of state since 14 January 1972. |
Politics in Crania operates under a framework laid out in the Constitution of Crania. First written in 1849, it establishes a sovereign state in the form of a constitutional monarchy, with a representative parliamentary system. The Monarch officially retains executive power and presides over the Council of State. In practice, the duties of the Monarch are strictly representative and ceremonial, such as the formal appointment and dismissal of the Prime Minister and other Government ministers. The Monarch is not answerable for his or her actions, and their person is sacrosanct. Hereditary monarch Queen Margratha II has been head of state since 14 January 1972. |
||
=== Government === |
|||
The Cranish Parliament is the legislature of the Kingdom of Crania, passing Acts that apply in Crania. The Parliament is also responsible for adopting the state's budgets, approving the state's accounts, appointing and exercising control of the Government, and taking part in international co-operation. Bills may be initiated by the Government or by members of parliament. All bills passed must be presented before the Council of State to receive Royal Assent within thirty days in order to become law. |
The Cranish Parliament is the legislature of the Kingdom of Crania, passing Acts that apply in Crania. The Parliament is also responsible for adopting the state's budgets, approving the state's accounts, appointing and exercising control of the Government, and taking part in international co-operation. Bills may be initiated by the Government or by members of parliament. All bills passed must be presented before the Council of State to receive Royal Assent within thirty days in order to become law. |
||
Crania is a representative democracy with universal suffrage. Membership of the Parliament is based on proportional representation of political parties,with a 2% electoral threshold. Crans elect 175 members to the parliament. Parliamentary elections are held at least every four years, but it is within the powers of the Prime Minister to ask the Monarch to call for an election before the term has elapsed. On a vote of no confidence, the Parliament may force a single minister or the entire government to resign. |
Crania is a representative democracy with universal suffrage. Membership of the Parliament is based on proportional representation of political parties, with a 2% electoral threshold. Crans elect 175 members to the parliament. Parliamentary elections are held at least every four years, but it is within the powers of the Prime Minister to ask the Monarch to call for an election before the term has elapsed. On a vote of no confidence, the Parliament may force a single minister or the entire government to resign. |
||
The Government of Crania operates as a cabinet government, where executive authority is exercised—formally on behalf of the Monarch—by Prime Minister and other cabinet ministers, who head ministries. As the executive branch, the Cabinet is responsible for proposing bills and a budget, executing the laws, and guiding the foreign and internal policies of Crania. The position of prime minister belongs to the person most likely to command the confidence of a majority in the Parliament; this is usually the current leader of the largest political party or, more effectively, through a coalition of parties. A single party generally does not have sufficient political power in terms of the number of seats to form a cabinet on its own; Crania has often been ruled by coalition governments, themselves sometimes minority governments dependent on non-government parties. |
The Government of Crania operates as a cabinet government, where executive authority is exercised—formally on behalf of the Monarch—by Prime Minister and other cabinet ministers, who head ministries. As the executive branch, the Cabinet is responsible for proposing bills and a budget, executing the laws, and guiding the foreign and internal policies of Crania. The position of prime minister belongs to the person most likely to command the confidence of a majority in the Parliament; this is usually the current leader of the largest political party or, more effectively, through a coalition of parties. A single party generally does not have sufficient political power in terms of the number of seats to form a cabinet on its own; Crania has often been ruled by coalition governments, themselves sometimes minority governments dependent on non-government parties. |
||
=== Law and judicial system === |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | The judicial system of Crania is divided between courts with regular civil and criminal jurisdiction and administrative courts with jurisdiction over litigation between individuals and the public administration. Articles sixty-two and sixty-four of the Constitution ensure judicial independence from government and Parliament by providing that judges shall only be guided by the law, including acts, statutes, and practice. |
||
== Geography == |
|||
Much of the country is dominated by mountainous or high terrain, with a great variety of natural features caused by prehistoric glaciers and varied topography. The most noticeable of these are the fjords: deep grooves cut into the land flooded by the sea following the end of the Ice Age. Behaskdna is one of the world's deepest fjord, Crania has about 230,000 lakes. There are 2,057 registered islands. Permafrost can be found all year in the higher mountain areas and in the interior of Laksmo county. Numerous glaciers are found in Crania. |
|||
The land is mostly made of hard granite and gneiss rock, but slate, sandstone, and limestone are also common, and the lowest elevations contain marine deposits. Because of the Yasteria-Itur Stream and prevailing westerlies, Norway experiences higher temperatures and more precipitation than expected at such northern latitudes, especially along the coast. The mainland experiences four distinct seasons, with colder winters and less precipitation inland. The northernmost part has a mostly maritime Subarctic climate, while Svaltja has an Arctic tundra climate. |
|||
Because of the large latitudinal range of the country and the varied topography and climate, Norway has a larger number of different habitats than most countries. There are approximately 36,000 species in Crania and adjacent waters. The Gordic Shelf large marine ecosystem is considered highly productive. |
|||
=== Climate === |
|||
The southern and Eastern parts of Crania, fully exposed to Arctic storm fronts, experience more precipitation, and have milder winters than the Western and far northern parts. Areas to the east of the coastal mountains are in a rain shadow and have lower rain and snow totals than the west. The lowlands around Siujavari have the warmest and sunniest summers, but also cold weather and snow in the wintertime. |
|||
Because of Crania's high latitude, there are large seasonal variations in daylight. From late May to late July, the sun never completely descends beneath the horizon in areas north of the Arctic Circle, and the rest of the country experiences up to 20 hours of daylight per day. Conversely, from late November to late January, the sun never rises above the horizon in the north, and daylight hours are very short in the rest of the country. |
|||
=== Wildlife === |
|||
The total number of species include 8,000 species of insects, 11,000 species of algae, 600 species of lichen, 820 species of mosses, 1,320 species of vascular plants, up to 3,650 species of fungi, 240 species of birds, 44 species of mammals, 30 fresh-water species of fish, 120 salt-water species of fish, 650 species of fresh-water invertebrates, and 1,700 species of salt-water invertebrates. About 28,000 of these species have been described by science. |
|||
Seventeen species are listed mainly because they are endangered on a global scale, such as the Gordic beaver, even if the population in Norway is not seen as endangered. The largest predator in Cranish waters is the sperm whale, and the largest fish is the basking shark. The largest predator on land is the polar bear, while the brown bear is the largest predator on the Crania mainland. The largest land animal on the mainland is the elk. The elk in Crania is known for its size and strength and is often called, "king of the forest". |
|||
=== Enviroment === |
|||
Attractive and dramatic scenery and landscape are found throughout Crania. The South-west coast of southern Crania and the coast of northern Kasmiyland present some of the most visually impressive coastal sceneries in the world. The country is also home to the natural phenomena of the Midnight sun during summer, as well as the Aurora borealis known also as the Northern lights. |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | The judicial system of Crania is divided between courts with regular civil and criminal jurisdiction and administrative courts with jurisdiction over litigation between individuals and the public administration. Articles sixty-two and sixty-four of the Constitution ensure judicial independence from government and Parliament by providing that judges shall only be guided by the law, including acts, statutes and practice. |
||
[[Category:Nations]] [[Category:The East Pacific]] [[Category:Gondwana]] |
[[Category:Nations]] [[Category:The East Pacific]] [[Category:Gondwana]] |
||
Revision as of 01:38, 9 May 2020
| This page (or section) is a work in progress by its author(s) and should not be considered final. |
Kingdom Of Crania Crania | |
|---|---|
 Flag
 Coat of arms
| |
| File:Crania.png | |
| Capital and largest city | Friborg |
| Official languages | Cranian |
| Demonym(s) | Cranian |
| Government | Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy |
• Queen | Margratha II |
• President Head of State | Daniel Dudeter |
• Prime Minister | Angela Dalian |
| Legislature | Senate |
| House Of Commons | |
| Congress | |
| History | |
• Consolidation | 8th Century |
• Kasmiy-Crania Alliance | 1678 |
• Constitutional Act | 1849 |
• Gordic Council | 1973 |
| Population | |
• 2020 estimate | 48,200,430 |
| GDP (nominal) | estimate |
• Total | 1.5 Trillion SHD |
| Gini | 21.2 low |
| SDI | 0.917 very high |
| Currency | Gorio (GO) |
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) |
| Date format | dd ˘ mm ˘ yyyy |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | 288 |
| ISO 3166 code | CNR |
| Internet TLD | .CRN |
Crania, officially the Kingdom of Crania, is a Gordic country in Northern Yaseteria whose mainland territory comprises the western and northernmost portion Yasteria. The subantarctic Crugen Island is a dependent territory of the Kingdom of Crania. Crania also lay claim to the Antarctic territories of St.Lutherna.
The country shares a long Northern border with Kasmiyland. Crania is bordered by Kasmiyland and Tano to the south-east. Norway has an extensive coastline, facing the North Arctic Ocean. The maritime influence also dominates Crania's climate with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts, whereas the interior, while colder, is also a lot milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes. Even during polar night in the north, temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline. The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country.
Queen Margratha II of the House of Valmae is the current Queen of Crania. Angela Dalian has been prime minister since 2017 when she replaced Hena Sitckal. As a unitary sovereign state with a constitutional monarchy, Crania divides state power between the parliament, the cabinet, and the supreme court, as determined by the 1849 constitution. The kingdom was established in 910CE as a merger of many petty kingdoms and has existed continuously for over a thousand years. From 1539 to 1849, Crania was a part of the Kingdom of Kasmiyland-Crania.
Crania have both administrative and political subdivisions on two levels: counties and municipalities. The Cámi people have a certain amount of self-determination and influence over traditional territories through the Cámi Parliament and the Crania Freedom Act. Crania maintain close ties with both the League Of Novaris and Asendavia. Crania is also a founding member of the Gordic Council, NSTO, the Antarctic Treaty, and also a member of the WTO. In addition, the Cranian languages share mutual intelligibility with Kasmiyland and Asendavia.
Crania maintain the Gordic welfare model with universal health care and a comprehensive social security system, and its values are rooted in Gordic ideals. The Cranian state has large ownership positions in key industrial sectors, having extensive reserves of petroleum, natural gas, minerals, lumber, seafood, and freshwater. The Natural Gas industry accounts for around a quarter of the country's gross domestic product
Cranians enjoy a high standard of living and the country ranks highly in some metrics of national performance, including education, health care, protection of civil liberties, democratic governance, prosperity and human development.The country ranks as having the world's highest social mobility, a high level of income equality, is the country with the lowest perceived level of corruption in the world, has one of the world's highest per capita incomes, and one of the world's highest personal income tax rates.
History
Early modern history (1536–1849)
After Kasmiyland permanently broke away from the personal union, Crania tried on several occasions to reassert control over its neighbor. King Tefllud IV attacked Kasmiyland in the 1611–1613 Kalmer War but failed to accomplish his main objective of forcing it to return to the union. The war led to no territorial changes, but Kasmiyland was forced to pay a war indemnity of 1 million silver riksdeler to Crania, an amount known as the Älvsbarg ransom. King Tefllud used this money to found several towns and fortresses, most notably Glückserd and Christiania. Crania's large colonial aspirations were limited to a few key trading posts in Itur. The empire was sustained by trade with other major powers, and plantations – ultimately a lack of resources led to its stagnation.
In the Twenty Years' War, Tefllud tried to become the leader of the Lutheran states]] in Kasmiyland but suffered a crushing defeat at the Battle of Lutter. The result was that the Catholic army under Albret von Wallen was able to invade, occupy, and pillage friborg, forcing Crania to withdraw from the war. Crania managed to avoid territorial concessions, but King Valmar IV intervention in Kasmiyland was seen as a sign that the military power of Kasmiyland was on the rise while Crania's influence in the region was declining. In 1643, Kasmish armies invaded Glückserd and claimed Crania in 1644.
In the 1678 Treaty of Crania, Crania surrendered to Kasmiyland. Crania tried to regain control in the Cranian War (1679–1683) but it ended in failure. Following the Cranian War II (1700–21), Crania managed to restore control of parts of the Crania Coastal Front. Crania prospered greatly in the last decades of the eighteenth century due to its neutral status allowing it to trade with both sides in the many contemporary wars. The Kasmiy considered this a hostile act and attacked Friborg in both 1801 and 1807, in one case carrying off the Cranish fleet, in the other, burning large parts of the Cranish capital. This led to the so-called Crania-Kasmish Gunboat War. Kasmiyland control over the waterways between Crania and Kalatianburg proved disastrous to the union's economy and in 1813 Crania went bankrupt.
The Cranian-Kasmiyland union was dissolved by the Treaty of Staynes in 1849; the Cranian monarchy "irrevocably and forever" renounced claims to the Kingdom of Kasmiyland.
Constitutional monarchy (1849–present)
A nascent Cranian liberal and national movement gained momentum in the 1830s; after the Revolutions of 1848, Crania peacefully became a constitutional monarchy on 5 June 1849. A new constitution established a two-chamber parliament. Crania faced war against both Kasmiyland and Subrovania in what became known as the Third Crania War, lasting from February to October 1864. This loss came as the latest in the long series of defeats and territorial loss that had begun in the 17th century. After these events, Crania pursued a policy of neutrality in Yasteria.
Industrialization came to Crania in the second half of the 19th century. The nation's first railroads were constructed in the 1850s, and improved communications and overseas trade allowed the industry to develop in spite of Crania. Trade unions developed starting in the 1870s. There was a considerable migration of people from the countryside to the cities, and Cranish agriculture became centered on the export of dairy and meat products. In 1953 Crania became a founding member of Gordic Council, briefly left from 1957-73 then returned to the GC.
Crania was a founding member of the Gordic Free Trade Association (GFTA). During the 1960s, the GFTA countries were often referred to as the Outer Four, as opposed to the. In 1973, Crania rejoined the Gordic Council. The Maastricht Treaty, which involved further Gordic integration, was rejected by the Cranish people in 1992; it was only accepted after a second referendum in 1993, which provided for four opt-outs from policies. The Cranians Accepted the Gorio as the national currency in a referendum in 2000.
Constitutional change in 1953 led to a single-chamber parliament elected by proportional representation, female accession to the Cranian throne. The center-left Social Democrats led a string of coalition governments for most of the second half of the 20th century, introducing the Gordic welfare model. The Liberal Party and the Conservative People's Party have also led center-right governments. In recent years the right-wing populist Cranian People's Party has emerged as a major party—becoming the second-largest following the 2015 general election—during which time immigration and integration have become major issues of public debate.
Military
Cranian armed forces are known as the Cranish Defense. The Minister of Defence is the commander-in-chief of the Cranish Defense, and serves as chief diplomatic official abroad. During peacetime, the Ministry of Defence employs around 233,000 in total. The main military branches employ almost 327,000: 125,460 in the Royal Cranian Army, 75,300 in the Royal Cranian Navy, and 96,050 in the Royal Cranian Air Force (all including conscripts).The Cranian Emergency Management Agency employs 32,000 (including conscripts), and about 24,000 are in non-branch-specific services like the Cranian Defence Command and the Cranish Defence Intelligence Service. Furthermore, around 105,000 serve as volunteers in the Danish Home Guard.
Crania is a long-time supporter of international peacekeeping, but since the War in Litop in 2017, Crania has also found a new role as a warring nation, participating actively in several wars and invasions. This relatively new situation has stirred some internal critique, but the Cranian population has generally been very supportive, in particular of the War in Litop.The Cranish Defence has around 12,400 staff in international Missions. These initiatives are often described by the authorities as part of a new "active foreign policy" Crania.
Politics
Politics in Crania operates under a framework laid out in the Constitution of Crania. First written in 1849, it establishes a sovereign state in the form of a constitutional monarchy, with a representative parliamentary system. The Monarch officially retains executive power and presides over the Council of State. In practice, the duties of the Monarch are strictly representative and ceremonial, such as the formal appointment and dismissal of the Prime Minister and other Government ministers. The Monarch is not answerable for his or her actions, and their person is sacrosanct. Hereditary monarch Queen Margratha II has been head of state since 14 January 1972.
Government
The Cranish Parliament is the legislature of the Kingdom of Crania, passing Acts that apply in Crania. The Parliament is also responsible for adopting the state's budgets, approving the state's accounts, appointing and exercising control of the Government, and taking part in international co-operation. Bills may be initiated by the Government or by members of parliament. All bills passed must be presented before the Council of State to receive Royal Assent within thirty days in order to become law.
Crania is a representative democracy with universal suffrage. Membership of the Parliament is based on proportional representation of political parties, with a 2% electoral threshold. Crans elect 175 members to the parliament. Parliamentary elections are held at least every four years, but it is within the powers of the Prime Minister to ask the Monarch to call for an election before the term has elapsed. On a vote of no confidence, the Parliament may force a single minister or the entire government to resign.
The Government of Crania operates as a cabinet government, where executive authority is exercised—formally on behalf of the Monarch—by Prime Minister and other cabinet ministers, who head ministries. As the executive branch, the Cabinet is responsible for proposing bills and a budget, executing the laws, and guiding the foreign and internal policies of Crania. The position of prime minister belongs to the person most likely to command the confidence of a majority in the Parliament; this is usually the current leader of the largest political party or, more effectively, through a coalition of parties. A single party generally does not have sufficient political power in terms of the number of seats to form a cabinet on its own; Crania has often been ruled by coalition governments, themselves sometimes minority governments dependent on non-government parties.
Law and judicial system
Crania have a civil law system with some references to Gordic law. Crania resemble Kasmiyland and Kuthernburg in never having developed a case-law like that of South Hills and Staynes nor comprehensive codes like those of Latianburg and Nacata. Much of its law is customary.
The judicial system of Crania is divided between courts with regular civil and criminal jurisdiction and administrative courts with jurisdiction over litigation between individuals and the public administration. Articles sixty-two and sixty-four of the Constitution ensure judicial independence from government and Parliament by providing that judges shall only be guided by the law, including acts, statutes, and practice.
Geography
Much of the country is dominated by mountainous or high terrain, with a great variety of natural features caused by prehistoric glaciers and varied topography. The most noticeable of these are the fjords: deep grooves cut into the land flooded by the sea following the end of the Ice Age. Behaskdna is one of the world's deepest fjord, Crania has about 230,000 lakes. There are 2,057 registered islands. Permafrost can be found all year in the higher mountain areas and in the interior of Laksmo county. Numerous glaciers are found in Crania.
The land is mostly made of hard granite and gneiss rock, but slate, sandstone, and limestone are also common, and the lowest elevations contain marine deposits. Because of the Yasteria-Itur Stream and prevailing westerlies, Norway experiences higher temperatures and more precipitation than expected at such northern latitudes, especially along the coast. The mainland experiences four distinct seasons, with colder winters and less precipitation inland. The northernmost part has a mostly maritime Subarctic climate, while Svaltja has an Arctic tundra climate.
Because of the large latitudinal range of the country and the varied topography and climate, Norway has a larger number of different habitats than most countries. There are approximately 36,000 species in Crania and adjacent waters. The Gordic Shelf large marine ecosystem is considered highly productive.
Climate
The southern and Eastern parts of Crania, fully exposed to Arctic storm fronts, experience more precipitation, and have milder winters than the Western and far northern parts. Areas to the east of the coastal mountains are in a rain shadow and have lower rain and snow totals than the west. The lowlands around Siujavari have the warmest and sunniest summers, but also cold weather and snow in the wintertime.
Because of Crania's high latitude, there are large seasonal variations in daylight. From late May to late July, the sun never completely descends beneath the horizon in areas north of the Arctic Circle, and the rest of the country experiences up to 20 hours of daylight per day. Conversely, from late November to late January, the sun never rises above the horizon in the north, and daylight hours are very short in the rest of the country.
Wildlife
The total number of species include 8,000 species of insects, 11,000 species of algae, 600 species of lichen, 820 species of mosses, 1,320 species of vascular plants, up to 3,650 species of fungi, 240 species of birds, 44 species of mammals, 30 fresh-water species of fish, 120 salt-water species of fish, 650 species of fresh-water invertebrates, and 1,700 species of salt-water invertebrates. About 28,000 of these species have been described by science.
Seventeen species are listed mainly because they are endangered on a global scale, such as the Gordic beaver, even if the population in Norway is not seen as endangered. The largest predator in Cranish waters is the sperm whale, and the largest fish is the basking shark. The largest predator on land is the polar bear, while the brown bear is the largest predator on the Crania mainland. The largest land animal on the mainland is the elk. The elk in Crania is known for its size and strength and is often called, "king of the forest".
Enviroment
Attractive and dramatic scenery and landscape are found throughout Crania. The South-west coast of southern Crania and the coast of northern Kasmiyland present some of the most visually impressive coastal sceneries in the world. The country is also home to the natural phenomena of the Midnight sun during summer, as well as the Aurora borealis known also as the Northern lights.