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{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Volkian Civil War
| partof = pro-monarchist unrest in Volkia
| image = [[File:Civil War Damage in Kursavka.png|200px]]
| caption = A residential area in [[Askiz]] after a government shelling
| date = MarchJune 924, 19251885 - MayFebruary 1819, 19261888 <br> (1{{Age year,in 1years, monthmonths, 24weeks and days|month1=06|day1=24|year1=1885|month2=02|day2=19|year2=1888}})
| place = [[Volkia|VolkianKingdom Federativeof RepublicVolkia]]
| coordinates =
| map_type =
Line 17:
| map_label =
| territory =
| result = *Assassination of [[Yuri IV]]
| result = Government victory: {{bulleted list|Republican government preserved|Volkian {{wp|territorial integrity}} preserved|Disarmament of monarchist groups|End of significant monarchist unrest in Volkia}}
*The Volkian monarchy is abolished
*Creation and rule of the Volkian Provisional Government
*Establishment of the [[Volkia|Volkian Federative Republic]] and the Vozhdom of the Tolpas
*[[Blaskog]] seizes control of Isles of Ragnaeyjr
*Widespread social and economic change
| status =
| combatants_header =
| combatant1 = {{flagicon image|Flag1885 ofVolkian VolkiaParliament Flag.png}} [[VolkiaParliamentians <br> {{flagicon image|Government1885 Republic Flag.png}} forces]]Republicans
| combatant2 = {{flagicon image|Kingdom of Volkia Flag.png}} Volkian Monarchistmonarchy <br> {{flagicon image|Kingdom of Volkia Flag.png}} MonarchistsRoyalists <br>
----
| commander1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Volkia.png}} [[Stefan Gurkovsky]] <br> {{flagicon image|Flag of Volkia.png}} [[Mikhail Vernadsky]] <br> {{flagicon image|Flag of Volkia.png}} Grischa Yeltsov<br> {{flagicon image|Flag of Volkia.png}} Ivan Lyapin <br> {{flagicon image|Flag of Volkia.png}} Radomir Trekchov {{KIA}}▼
'''Supported by:''' <br> {{flagicon image|Blaskog flag main.svg}} [[Blaskog]]
| commander2commander1 = {{flagicon image|1885 Volkian MonarchistParliament Flag.png}} Sergei[[Aleksey Vinogradov {{KIA}}Pushkarev]] <br> {{flagicon image|1885 Volkian MonarchistParliament Flag.png}} Aleks[[Boris MikhaylovPermyakov]] {{Executed}}<br> {{flagicon image|1885 Volkian MonarchistParliament Flag.png}} Miroslav Zaytsev {{Executed}}[[Vasily Tolmachyov]]<br> {{flagicon image|Volkian1885 MonarchistRepublic Flag.png}} Anisim[[Gennady DmitrievMalinovsky]] {{Executed}}<br> {{flagicon image|Volkian1885 MonarchistRepublic Flag.png}} RadomilIvan Kuzmin {{Surrendered}}Mishinev
▲| commander1commander2 = {{flagicon image|FlagKingdom of Volkia Flag.png}} [[StefanYuri GurkovskyIV]] <br> {{flagicon image|FlagKingdom of Volkia Flag.png}} [[Mikhail Vernadsky]]Andrey Yershov<br> {{flagicon image|FlagKingdom of Volkia Flag.png}} GrischaMikhail YeltsovObruchev<br> {{flagicon image|FlagKingdom of Volkia Flag.png}} IvanAnton LyapinBalabanov <br> {{flagicon image|FlagBlaskog offlag Volkiamain.pngsvg}} RadomirCarl Trekchov {{KIA}}IV
| commander3 =
| units1 = {{flagicon image|1885 Volkian Parliament Flag.png}} 1,225,000 <small>(peak)</small> <br> {{flagicon image|1885 Republic Flag.png}} 350,000 <small>(peak)</small>
| units1 =
| units2 = {{flagicon image|Kingdom of Volkia Flag.png}} 1,180,000 <small>(peak)</small> <br> {{flagicon image|Blaskog flag main.svg}} 10,000 <small>(peak)</small>
| units2 =
| units3 =
| strength1 = 195,000
| strength2 = 100,000
| strength3 =
| casualties1 =
| casualties1 = 17,500 killed <br> 21,750 wounded <br> 5,600 missing <br> '''Total: 44,850 casualties'''
| casualties2 =
| casualties2 = 27,200 killed <br> 24,200 wounded <br> 13,500 missing <br> '''Total: 64,900 casualties'''
| casualties3 = 10,000 civilians killed <br> '''119,750+ total casualties'''
| notes =
| campaignbox =
}}
 
The '''Volkian Civil War''' was a {{wp|civil war}} in [[Volkia]] fought from 1885 to 1888. Supporters of the country's parliament and those supportive of implementing a republic fought against supporters of [[Yuri IV]], the Volkian monarchy, and units from [[Blaskog]]. Economic stagnation and social unrest, combined with a devastating food shortage and famine sparked nationwide protests and food riots, especially in the country's west. Things began escalating when the [[Volkgoroda]] garrison abandoned their posts and joined in with rioters, causing parliament to demand Yuri IV's abdication or face removal by force. Yuri IV fled the city on June 1, 1885 and went east, recruiting royalist units from the Volkian Royal Army (Royalists) on his way to Novostolitsa.
The '''Volkian Civil War''' was a {{wp|civil war}} fought in [[Volkia]] between Volkian government forces and several monarchist militias from 1925 to 1926. The fighting resulted in the defeat and disarmament of the militias by the [[Volkian Defense Forces|Volkian military]]. It marked the end of major monarchist unrest in Volkia.
 
The Volkgoroda garrison declared their support for parliament and took control of the city, taking control of government buildings and arresting royalists. With Yuri IV out of the city and in an unknown location, parliament voted 348-0 to remove Yuri IV as king with no replacement; a second vote declared parliament's intention to create a republic with a democratically elected head of state. The 152 royalist MPs representing the kingdom's east walked out of the vote in protest and the eastern provinces refused to acknowledge the results. Yuri IV appeared in Moskvol calling for all volunteers to help crush the "parliamentary coup," parliament found increased support from pro-parliament elements of the Royal Army (Parliamentians) as well as republican and pro-parliament militias (Republicans).
Volkia's monarchy came to an end in 1887 and was replaced with a federal republic in 1888. While the majority of voters elected to abolish Volkia's monarchy, there were still many ardent supporters of the Kamenevs throughout Volkia. While these supporters hailed from all parts of Volkia, there were many concentrated in [[Uzlovaya Oblast]]. The province was the epicenter of multiple monarchist uprisings by monarchist militias since the failed Purple Rebellion in 1890, but the civil war was by far the largest and deadliest monarchist conflict.
 
Fighting broke out in Karatal on June 24, 1885 when Parliamentians engaged a unit of Royalists who were scouting ahead of the main army. With the commencement of armed conflict, scattered units from both sides raced to capture key cities and towns. By 1886 a rather clear demarcation line had been drawn with some exceptions: the west supported parliament and a republic while the east supported Yuri IV and the monarchy. After two and a half years of brutal fighting, Yuri IV would be assassinated during a coup that saw the east declare independence and create the Vozhdom of the Tolpas in the kingdom's east; this new government would go on to make peace with parliament and be recognized as an independent state by Volkia. On April 17, 1888, the [[Volkia|Volkian Federative Republic]] was founded following the adoption of the country's new constitution.
The war began when a group of Kamenevists, led by Anisim Dmitriev, attacked the federal armory in Askiz, Uzlovaya Oblast on March 9, 1925 in order to secure weapons and ammunition. The skirmish resulted in the deaths of 24 government soldiers and 37 monarchists, and the capture of the rest of the monarchists. The next day while visiting the battle site, [[President of Volkia|President]] [[Stefan Gurkovsky]] announced that the government would root out the monarchist militias.
 
{{Volkiasearch}}
==Background==
Since 1880, the Kingdom of Volkia had been experiencing severe economic stagnation and increasing social unrest between the various social classes. The harvest of 1885 exacerbated things, as it was a massive failure due to an outbreak of {{wp|stem rust}} that devastated the country's cereal crops. Famine spread quickly throughout the country and {{wp|food riots}} grew in both size and frequency. The [[1885 Volkgoroda food riot|largest of these riots]] took place in [[Volkgoroda]] on May 2, 1885 which led to the deaths of approximately 850 people. This particular riot is considered to be the start of the [[Volkian Revolution]].
 
It was becoming increasingly difficult to feed the kingdom's army due to the food shortages, resulting in large numbers of disaffected soldiers who began siding with the peasantry and joining in on the riots. Members of Parliament began speaking out against the monarchy, with some beginning to encourage the removal of King [[Yuri IV]] by May 15, 1885.
 
Unable to control growing {{wp|republicanism|republican}} sentiment and with escalating violence across the country, Yuri IV agreed to abdicate on May 25, 1885. The monarchy technically remained in place but had lost all power following Yuri IV's abdication, with the monarch's power transferring to Prime Minister [[Aleksey Pushkarev]]. Pushkarev used executive orders enfranchised men and women over the age of 18 regardless of property ownership; previously only males who owned property could vote. A national voter list was created and was first used for the national constitution referendum on April 3, 1888. With 62.5% of voters approving the document, it was ratified on April 17, 1888 and completely abolished the Volkian monarchy.
 
The abolition of the monarchy created tension between those in favor of the new federal government and those who wished to bring back the monarchy. Monarchists began creating militias and political organizations in order to further support for the return of the monarchy. Some organizations supported bringing back the Kamenev dynasty, while others supported crowning a new king. The first monarchist revolt happened June 5, 1895 and was contained to several cities within Uzlovaya Oblast. It was defeated the next day by federal forces. Small-scale monarchist attacks continued to happen between 1901 and 1922 with varying success.
 
Monarchist groups grew quiet over the next several years as they rebuilt and continued to recruit in secret following the failures of the two decades prior. The Kamenevists, a monarchist group dedicated to restoring the Kamenev dynasty, decided to resume attacks on federal supplies to take them for themselves.
 
==Attack on the armory==
At 2:00 AM on Monday, March 9, 1925, a group of 100 Kamenevists led by Anisim Dmitriev broke into the Askiz Federal Armory with the intent to seize stockpiled weapons and cause damage the facility to hamper the manufacture of firearms by the federal government. The Kamenevists took the armory guards as hostages while beginning to load trucks with rifles and ammunition. One guard tried to escape and was shot by the raiders, drawing police attention to the operation. At 2:45 AM local police began responding to the armory and were subsequently shot at by the raiders. Two police officers were killed and three were injured in the skirmish. The police retreated and called for assistance from the local army garrison, who responded in force.
 
Approximately 250 soldiers from the Askiz garrison surrounded the armory by 3:20 AM and exchanged gunfire with the Kamenevists now trapped inside the armory compound. Commander of the garrison, Colonel Ivan Lyapin, tried to open a line of communication with Dmitriev to discuss surrender but ultimately failed. President Gurkovsky was notified of the raid at approximately 4:00 AM via telegram and boarded a train to travel to the city.
 
Lyapin chose to hold off on attacking the armory until sunrise, at which point he had an additional 200 men, armored trucks, and machine guns to support them. Lyapin offered the raiders the chance to surrender a final time but received no response. At 6:30 AM Lyapin's armored trucks broke through the gates to the armory and began firing on Kamenevist positions, located in the compound's various buildings. The raiders were able to set up machine guns of their own and strengthen their defenses due to Lyapin's order to wait until sunrise. The trucks were supported by Lyapin's infantry and ultimately were able to secure the majority of the compound by 6:50 AM.
 
The armory's main manufactory building remained under Kamenevist control and saw the heaviest fighting during the skirmish. Machine guns were able to keep federal troops pinned down even with support from the armored trucks. Lyapin's forces pulled back to better cover and again tried to contact Dmitriev to discuss surrender with again no response. Lyapin decided to use {{Wp|battalion guns}} to shell the manufactory's defensive positions which worked exceedingly well. By 7:20 AM, Lyapin's forces had overrun the manufactory and taken the surviving raiders prisoner.
 
The bodies of the armory's guards were discovered after the end of the skirmish, appearing to have been executed by the Kamenevists. Violent interrogation by some of Lyapin's troops revealed Dmitriev ordered their killings and the identities of the militants that shot them. These four men were taken outside to the armory's courtyard and summarily shot for their roles in the raid and the deaths of the armory guards, reportedly under Lyapin's orders. Two other raiders who tried to shoot a group of soldiers confiscating weapons were shot and killed as well. The surviving raiders, 61 in total, were taken prisoner and stood trial after the conclusion of the war.
 
==The federal response==
===Enemies of the state===
President Gurkovsky arrived in Askiz around 7:20 PM and immediately traveled to the armory to assess the damage. Gurkovsky spoke with Lyapin and some of the garrison, thanking them for their service by "defending the Volkian republic." At about 7:00 PM, Gurkovsky made a speech before the damaged armory that was attended by the soldiers involved in the recapture of the armory as well as Askiz citizens. In it he praised the willpower and strength of the nation's soldiers and vowed to bring a stop to monarchist unrest in Volkia.
 
Gurkovsky returned to Volkgoroda late the following day and gave a speech before a joint session of the National Assembly on March 12, 1925 calling on the legislature to authorize him to use the Volkian Defense Forces to round up and arrest violent monarchist groups. Gurkovsky described these groups, especially the Kamenevists, as "terrorists" and "enemies of the state." He expressed concern that local law enforcement would be unable to successfully fight and capture militants.
 
The next day members of Gurkovsky's [[Liberal Party (Volkia)|Liberal Party]] introduced the National Security Act of 1925 to the Chamber of Deputies where it was approved on mostly party lines. It was then similarly approved by the Federal Council and signed into law by Gurkovsky on March 25. Volkian conservatives called the law an overreach of presidential authority and appealed the law to the Federal Supreme Court, who allowed the law to remain in force as the case was argued. The law gave Gurkovsky what he wanted; he could use the military force groups considered to be threats to Volkian national security. In order to gain the votes it needed to pass, it had to be renewed every two years.
 
With the approval of the national legislature Gurkovsky began mobilizing the Defense Forces and put together a list of monarchist groups that would be targeted, which was released publicly. Four groups were placed on the first list, which led to these groups coming together under a single banner in the country's north.
 
==Open conflict==
[[File:Volkian Civil War situation, November 1925.png|thumb|214x214px|The military situation in northern Volkia, September 1925.]]
The monarchist groups at first targeted by Gurkovsky were the Kamenevists, Monarchy Now, the New Royal Army, and the Uzlovaya Royalists. These were known in government circles as the Big Four and considered the most serious threats to the Volkian republic, though their numbers remained relatively low in comparison to republican loyalists. The Volkian government remained concerned about these groups due to their arms stockpiles and previous attacks against government structures.
 
Previously these militants groups tried to avoid open conflict with Volkian soldiers, instead targeting local law enforcement and police stations to shore up their stockpiles. With the threat of war breaking out, the leaders of the Big Four met on March 16 to discuss a pact to fight the Volkian government if Gurkovsky followed through on his promise made in Askiz. After the passage of the National Security Act the Big Four decided to take the fight to the government first.
 
===April offensive===
Taking advantage of the slow mobilization of federal armies, the monarchists launched several offensives across Volkia's north and began seizing smaller towns and villages in April 1925. Some areas welcomed the militants while others actively fought back with militias of their own. The monarchists were able to field nearly 50,000 soldiers across northern Volkia at the beginning of the war, gaining large swathes of territory in Uzlovaya Oblast and Norindzhik Oblast.
 
The monarchists moved quickly to consolidate this new territory in an attempt to connect their holdings to further strengthen their position. There were several monarchist attacks in the south, notably a failed raid on Volkgoroda on April 30, but the monarchists found much less success in the south than they did the north. The west also successfully purged any sort of monarchist territorial gains thanks to local militias.
 
Local garrisons of federal troops fought off many monarchist attacks in the north's larger cities due to better equipment and arms, though the large cities of Podoya and Monskoy located in Uzlovaya Oblast fell to monarchists in early May 1925. By June 1925 monarchists had secured territory in seven northern provinces, with the most being held in Uzlovaya and Norindzhik. The monarchists were able to consolidate much of their holdings and maintained the territory, though the threat of a major government counterattack grew daily.
 
=== September counteroffensive ===
As the government continued to mobilize its forces, smaller units were able to successfully defend territory from encroaching monarchists. Smaller offensives were launched by local commanders but the majority of federal forces would not arrive until September 1925.
 
===Guerrilla warfare===
===End of the war===
 
== Aftermath ==
The National Security Act of 1925 was renewed consistently until ____.{{Volkiasearch}}
[[Category:Volkia]][[Category:Wars]]
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