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|leader_name1 = [[Franklin Barvata]]
|legislature = Parliament of [[Great Morstaybishlia]]
|established_event1 = [[Great Morstaybishlia#Union of the Thrones|Union of the Thrones]] under [[Lambertus III]]
|established_date1 = 29 Dec 1515
|established_event2 = Ascendancy of the [[Morstaybishlian Empire]] over the [[Kormistazm|Kormistazmic Empire]]
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|established_event3 = Secession of [[South Staynes]]
|established_date3 = 6 Jun 1975
|established_event4 = Acts of Union of [[Staynes]] and [[Staynish Justelvard|Justelvard]]
|established_date4 = 16 Dec 2016
|area_km2 = 2286850
|area_sq_mi =
Line 64 ⟶ 62:
|iso3166code = STA
}}
'''Staynes''' is a country within [[Great Morstaybishlia]]. It shares a largesouthern borders with [[Axdel]], [[South Staynes]] and [[Durentrus]] to its south, [[Caltharus]] to the east, [[Axdel]] to the west and [[Vothetria]] to the south-east.
 
The area now called Staynes was first inhabited by modern humans known as the Strathipolic people around 52,000 years ago, but takes its name from the Staynnica, the most prosperous kingdom during the time where the second kingdom of Maltervenia fell and the "third" kingdom of Maltervenia (Kingdom of Staynes) rose. Staynes became a unified state in the 10th century, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The Staynish language, the [[Thaerism|Thaerist]] Church, and Staynish law – the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world – developed in Staynes, and the country's parliamentary system of government has been adopted by a respectable count of other nations.
 
Staynes' terrain mostly comprises low hills and plains, especially in central and western Staynes. However, there are uplands in the south (for example, the [[Zycannes]] and the mountainous Petenta District) and in the southwest (Zycannes). The capital is [[Sani Bursil]], which has the largest metropolitan area in both Great Morstaybishlia and the world. Staynes' population of over 155 million comprises 32.8% of the population of theGreat United KingdomMorstaybishlia, largely concentrated around Sani Bursil, the West Coast, and conurbations in the Midlands, the Far North East, and Horkalo, which each developed as major industrial regions during the 19th century.
 
The Kingdom of Staynes ceased being a separate sovereign state on the 29th of December 1515, when the [[Great Morstaybishlia#Union of the Thrones|Union of the Thrones]] merged the two thrones under one name, resulting in a political union with the Kingdom of Caltharus to create the Kingdom of Morstaybishlia. As a result of the [[Auroran Imperial War]], on the 6th of June 1975, [[South Staynes]] seceded from the Kingdom.
 
Staynes is a [[wikipedia:Developed country|developed country]] and is considered to have a [[wikipedia:World Bank high-income economy|high-income economy]] and is categorised as high in the [[wikipedia:Human Development Index|Human Development Index]]. There is a total GDP per capita of $40,597 in Staynes and its dependencies. Staynes has remained as a highly influential [[wikipedia:Core countries|core country]] especially influencing events in [[Aurora]]. It is a recognised nuclear weapons state.
 
==History==
===Cultural origin===
Scientific evidence promotes the theory that various cultures began in the 9th millennium BCE following the invention of agriculture, but over the next few thousand years refined into only half a dozen standout cultures because of the relative geographic isolation from other major land areas in Aurora.
 
Regardless of specific chronology, many western Neolithic groups in Staynes share basic characteristics, such as living in small-scale, family-based communities, subsisting on domesticated plants and animals supplemented with the collection of wild plant foods and with hunting, and producing hand-made pottery. Polished stone axes were very common, enabling forest clearance for agriculture and production of wood for dwellings, as well as fuel. These communities would exist in small groups of possibly 50-100 people.
===Last Interglacial period===
 
Eastern Neolithic groups in Staynes specifically around the Jubliak, Knare and Belvec river basins lived in heavily fortified settlements of around 4,000 to 6,000 people. These settlements would eventually expand to become Maltervenia, the first civilisation in northern Aurora by around 4,000 BCE. Maltervenian farmers grew an abundance of grain and other crops, the surplus of which enabled them to form urban settlements. Prehistoric proto-writing dates back before 3000 BC. The earliest texts come from the cities of Jubeeria and Novasa.
Between fifty two and thirty thousand years ago, seventy percent of Staynes was underwater. The interglacial period marked sea levels as high as 46 meters. The sea resembled the shape of a deflated balloon, connecting Lake Lamberta to the western coast. Around 50,000 BC, the Strathepolic people reach the continent as the Strathepolic Ridge submerged (ridge connecting modern Justelvard to the modern Staynish-Caltharus border). A few hundred years later they began to explore the continent beyond the reaches of their local settlements. By 49,000 BC, there was three very distinct divides in the Strathepolic people; Jubrites, ''Maltites'' and Kosites. The Jubrites had settled within the Jubrione, the Maltites had settled in and around the Zycannes and the Kosites had migrated eastwards.
 
===Maltervenian Era (4000 BCE - 998 CE)===
To date, Lake Lamberta is one of the last remnants of the last interglacial period. Its one of the largest salt water bodies in the world.
As early civilisations grew, the first empires formed. Numerous kingdoms existed in the Maltervenian Era but the era was defined by the Maltervenian Empire which grew to encompass all of north Aurora from the [[Molvian Corridor]] to the easternmost Jubrione evergreen rainforest. The Empire was ruled by the strict line of succession of the Jubrita dynasty and existed through rapid cultural and socio-economic change in Aurora through the Neolithic, Bronze Age and Iron Age.
===Predecessor Kingdoms===
 
The Maltervenians are most notable for building large stone temples across the region that geometrically mimics the Chemrok Constellation over an area of 250,000 square kilometers. Evidence for Maltervenian mathematics is limited to a scarce amount of surviving sources written on leather, wood and stone. The Maltervenians utilised a numeral system for counting and solving written mathematical problems, often involving multiplication and fractions. From these texts it is known that ancient Maltervenians understood concepts of geometry, such as determining the surface area and volume of three-dimensional shapes useful for architectural engineering, and algebra, such as the false position method and quadratic equations.
====First Kingdom of Maltervenia====
Maltervenian culture is believed to have been its own culture as early as 35,000 BC, whilst still distinct to the Strathepolic culture. It is believed this culture refined itself as early as 10,000 BC, becoming one of a few successors to the extinct Strathepolic culture. Within the 5th millennium BC, numerous kinship groups emerged. In the very first years of the 2nd millennium BC, the first kingdom of Maltervenia formed. The kingdom was ruled by the Jubrita dynasty for three hundred years until it was taken over by the Bagrin dynasty. Their dynasty thrived on slaves from across the continent, building ancient temples, castles and their footprint across the lands for another seven hundred years until the death of its last king.
====Interregnum period====
Upon king Volkemur's death in 998 BC, the there was inheritance dispute between his eleven sons, and after a short conflict which saw his eldest son killed, Maltervenia split into ten smaller kingdoms. The names for these kingdoms were Horkon, Avelon, Qinlon, Jublon, Redrug, Miyaron, Lampelon, Corstan, Lambolon and Tuke.
[[Image:Ten Kingdoms after the collapse of the First Kingdom of Maltervenia.PNG|left|thumb||300px|Ten kingdoms after the collapse of the first kingdom of Maltervenia (c.995 BC)]] [[Image:Kingdoms of Redrug, Jersia and Tuke (est. 660 BC).PNG|right|thumb||300px|The kingdoms of Redrug, Jersia and Tuke before the second kingdom of Maltervenia (c.660 BC)]]
From 998 BC to 765 BC, the ten kingdoms had become three after several marriages for geopolitical benefits; the Kingdom of Redrug, the Kingdom of Jersia and the Kingdom of Tuke.
In 972 BC, the kingdoms of Qinlon and Avelon became the kingdom of Qinlia-Avelon after the marriage of king Lutder of Qinlon and queen Nasama of Avelon. In 901 BC, the kingdom of Redrug fought and won against the kingdom of Corstan, taking control over the area. In 863 BC, the kingdoms of Jublion and Lambolon became the kingdom of Jubliak-Lambolon after the marriage of king Pippindu and of Jubliak and queen Bourna of Lambolon.
Around 800 BC, the kingdom of Redrug fought and won against the kingdom of Horkon, taking control over the area. In 795 BC, the kingdom of Jubliak-Lambolon declared war against the kingdom of Miyaron. During the conflict, Miyaron allied itself with Lampelon, creating a capable resistance to the stronger eastern country. In 789 BC, the kingdom of Jubliak-Lambolon and the kingdom of Qinlia-Avelon became the United Kingdom of Jubliak-Lambolon and Qinlia-Avelon after the marriage of king Norgel of Qinlia-Avelon and queen Vessala of Jubliak-Lambolon. After the United Kingdom defeated the kingdoms of Miyaron and Lampelon in 765 BC, taking control over the area; the united kingdom of Jubliak-Lambolon and Qinlia-Avelon became the kingdom of Jersia.
 
Following the death of King Volkemur in 998 BCE, Maltervenia collapsed into civil war because of an inheritance dispute with his eleven children. The successor kingdoms that came from this war marked the beginning of the First Interregnum.
From the years 765 BC and 650 BC, nothing happened between the three kingdoms. In 650 BC, the kingdoms of Redrug and Jersia became the second Kingdom of Maltervenia after the marriage of king Redunnia II of Redrug and queen Serenia of Jersia.
 
====First Interregnum period=(998 BCE - 650 BCE) ===
====Second Kingdom of Maltervenia====
The First Interregnum was a period of small successor kingdoms of the Maltervenian Empire that disputed the claim of the Maltervenian throne. Through a complicated era of war and marriages between the ten kingdoms, and the Calath and Kormistazic Empires vying for expansion within the region, by 650 BCE the ten kingdoms became three kingdoms with significantly less land, approximately two fifths of what the Maltervenian Empire spanned.
After the eventual death of Redunnia II and Serenia, their son, Lampedris I was crowned the first king of the new country. The country existed until its collapse in 452 AD, taking over more land until it clashed with the borders of the Kormistazmic Empire, the Xagrurgian Empire and the Ethalrian Empire.
 
At this time a small north-coast Kingdom of Cromera controlled the coastline and a portion of the Jubrione evergreen rainforest. The Kingdom of Redrilath controlled some of the north and west coast and the Kingdom of Jersia controlled land near and around some of the central rivers such as the Anker and the Borin.
====Second Interregnum Period====
 
===Second Maltervenian Era (650 BCE - 512 CE)===
After the death of King Lancelyn in 452, the land was torn into thirteen petty kingdoms. From 452 until 553 there were a series of battles that is defined under the [[War of the Thirteen Kingdoms]], resulting in four states; Luradia, Klovia, Trentath and Staynnica. During this war, outside kingdoms including the Kormistazmic Empire, the Ethalrian Empire and the Xagrurgian Empire made significant advances into the cumulative territory that made up the former Second Kingdom of Maltervenia.
For a period of 950 years the north of the continent lived in relative peacetime. After the Kingdoms of Redrilath and Jersia became the Second Maltervenian Empire from marriage, they pushed back against the rival Kormistazic and Calath territories resuming it to a somewhat similar size to modern Staynes. In this period of time, smaller kingdoms were also present in the region, such as the continual existence of Cromera in the north, the Kingdom of Burisaye in the present day [[Sani Bursil]] area and the Kingdom of Corstania which acted as a buffer zone at the Molvian Corridor.
 
Upon the eruption of the Toré supervolcano in 512 CE, the Maltervenian and Calath economies collapsed as a result of heavy trade with the Impelanzan economy. The region was plunged into a dark age as a result of lack of trade, the loss of crops and livestock from the high acidity from the ash cloud and stagnating local economies. The result of all of these factors caused widespread famine and disease, religious assimilation and wars, the destruction of historical texts and libraries and more.
There was a period of relative peacetime within the four kingdoms following the end of the war. When the Segar dynasty ended after the death of King Sebastian in 810, he was was replaced by his cousin Otho Dohaeris as King of the Luradans. Otho's mother, who was King Sebastian's aunt had died a year before. She married the second son of King Raghaus I of Klovia, a move sought to bring the two kingdoms together. It was soon revealed that Otho's mother had an affair with a commoner making Otho's claim illegitimate. Otho had a younger cousin on his fathers side, prince Randal, who's late father married a deceased Luradan princess, making him the legitimate ruler. This sparked a major multi-theater civil war fought alongside an independence movement which was was a three-way battle for the throne between Otho Dohaeris, his cousin Randal Dohaeris, King Perceval of Trentath who had a legitimate claim as well as King Raghaus I of Klovia, the cousins' shared grandfather.
 
The result of the supervolcano causing widespread destruction and famine began an era of extinction of minority native religions across the region. Thaerist scholars, who had already integrated heavily into much of high society spread Thaerism through their influence.
After the war, there remained two kingdoms, Luradia and Staynnica. There was a period of peace from the start of the 10th century until 955 after the death of King Rædulf of Staynnica at the hands of a Luradian plot to take control of Staynnica. The two kingdoms went to war, with Luradia invading Staynnica and defeating the oldest son Ræulf at the battle of Kretan in 959. The second son Rænnulf reigned in turn, but was defeated by King Botulf six years later at the battle of Dog Lake in 965. The third son, Rænnulf, died of dysentery during 970. The fourth and last son, [[Pip the Gallant]], fended off Luradan invasions and soon thereafter orchestrated an invasion against King Botulf on the outskirts of the capital of Luradia, becoming King of the Staynish after the defeat of King Botulf at the battle of Kasilly Rock in 972.
 
===Maltervenian Decline in Aurora (512 CE - 890 CE)===
====Kingdom of Staynnica====
Religious assimilation and famine from the Toré supervolcano eruption left the region in a vulnerable state. Whilst Aurora in general was left in a poorer state than before, some countries were hit worse than others, specifically those north and west of the [[Zycannes]] as the ash clouds were physically unable to pass over the mountain range into central and eastern Aurora.
 
Plague erupted in the region on multiple occasions, wiping out nearly a third of the population at the turn of the 7th century. Returning epidemics would rise and fall in the next thousand years, most notably in 795 and 812.
The Kingdom of Staynnica was the far superior Kingdom in the latter stages of the second integrum period. It controlled all of the north and west coasts, but did not have control of the land between the current borders of Staynes, Caltharus and Vothetria. The second, less known Kingdom was Luradia, and controlled the eastern land of Lake Lamberta, all the way down to Kirdintayos.
 
During this time, the more successful Ethalried Empire in southern Aurora absorbed the economic sphere and influences that Maltervenia and Calath once had.
==Politics==
===States capital cities and population===
[[Image:Staynish Provinces1.PNG|left|thumb|500px||Map of Mainland Staynes showing its 10 states.]]
 
(WIP)
Barkoln:
Population of 61,245,714.
Capital is [[Sani Bursil]].
 
Redrugan:
Population of 23,659,263.
Capital is Redrugus, other cities are Xenliada.
 
Surbila:
Population of 13,114,181.
Capital is Nurban.
 
Hyridia:
Population of 12,791,521.
Capital is ?
 
Jubliak:
Population of 9,891,461.
Capital is Fort Jubrayn.
 
Aurama:
Population of 9,200,633.
Capital is Rhoses.
 
Jersia:
Population of 8,298,675.
Capital is Jersia City.
 
Horkalo:
Population of 7,891,127.
Capital is Fort Staynes, other cities are Horilan.
 
Corstania:
Population of 7,124,569.
Capital is Fort Ejard, other cities are Monefuse.
 
Jubrionas:
Population of 2,553,816.
Capital is Credita.