Phoenixia: Difference between revisions

Citizens of Phoenixia who are at least 21 years old are eligible to vote and can stand for election to Parliament. Citizens who are at least 18 years of age and not convicted of a crime have the right to elect their representatives in parliamentary elections. Elections are held by the President of the Republic. After the election of the Parliament, the first session is convened by the President of the Republic, where the members of the Parliament take the oath and then elect the Chancellor and the President of the Parliament. The election procedure is defined in the electoral law.

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The Federal President (''muRayeesgur aluIthihad'') is the head of state of Phoenixia and serves as the highest representative of the state. The President may have limited participation in legislation by issuing decrees, resolutions and directives. Furthermore, the President can refuse to sign a law and return it to Parliament for review. There are several institutions under the jurisdiction of the President. These include: the Academic Committee, the Federal Development Roundtable, the Phoenixian Memory Institute, the President's Cultural Foundation, the Phoenixian Federal Cooperation Assembly, and the National Defense Council.

The president is elected by the Landsraad for a term of six years, for a limit of 2 consecutive terms. If the Parliament does not obtain at least two-thirds of the votes after three rounds of voting, an Electoral College (made up of Parliament and representatives of local authority councils) elects the president, choosing between the two candidates with the highest percentage of votes. The candidate is nominated with at least one fifth of the support of the Members of Parliament. Applicants must be Phoexy citizens and at least 40 years of age. The election of the president is governed by the constitution. The Speaker of the Landsraad can also perform the functions of the Federal President in the cases provided for by the constitution.

The Government (''luSuvraaniyat'') is the executive authority of Phoenixia. Its main task is to govern the state and implement policies. It includes the Federal Chancellor (m''uKhanshaleer aluIthihad'') and the ministers. The Chancellor (''muKhanshaleer)'' is the head of government who represents the institution and directs its activities. Different areas of government are managed by various ministries, each of which is headed by a minister. Ministries are further divided into departments, divisions, and offices. The work of the ministry is directed by a general secretary, recommended by the minister and appointed by the government. The executive power is also exercised by executive agencies and inspectorates under the authority of the federal chancellery. The Government is assisted by the Secretary of State (''muSikhratariya aluShahiyat''), nominated by the Chancellor.

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Phoenixia is a federal state and comprises eighteen constituent states which are collectively referred to as Døminion.

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The federal structure of the Federal Republic of Phoenixia gives the 20 constituents states (Døminion, ''Dominmne'') the authority to maintain their own police forces within their territory, along with the right to pass legislation and exercise police authority. At the same time, the constitution provides for originary federal authority in central areas of law enforcement.

Ordinary laws are enacted by the Landsraad are called "federal laws", those enacted by the Government are called "executive orders" and those enacted by state legislative assemblies are called "state legislative decrees". The process of creating Landsraad laws begins with a bill proposed by parliamentarians or the government (bills). If approved by Congress, the bill begins to be designated "law" and is sent for promulgation by the President of the Republic. Promulgation is the act by which the President signs the law. However, the President may decide not to promulgate the act and to veto it with political or legal justification. The veto can be overcome if the bill is voted and approved by more than two thirds of the members of parliament, in which case the President is obliged to enact it. After the promulgation, the act published in the Federal Gazette as a law. The process for the creation of the decree-laws by the Government has two ways. The first is the way of successive signatures, in which the bill is signed separately by each of the responsible ministers and by the Chancellor, and then sent to be promulgated by the President. The second is the collective approval of the bill by the Council of Ministers, which is then sent to be promulgated. The President can also veto the bills, in which case the Government has the possibility to file them, modify them or send them to the Landsraad as a bill. After being promulgated, the decree-laws enter into force even after being published in the Federal Gazette.

The various types of laws, acts and statutes of Phoenixia constitute a hierarchical, multi-tiered legislative system. The laws of the lower degrees must respect the laws of the higher degrees. The hierarchy is as follows: