Packilvanian language: Difference between revisions

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==== Cases ====
==== Cases ====
The are 4 types of case markers. Case markers indicate what entities are having the action done to them or are doing the action in relation to other entities within a sentence. The cases are as follows:
The are 5 types of case markers. Case markers indicate what entities are having the action done to them or are doing the action in relation to other entities within a sentence. The cases are as follows:


* The nominative and accusative cases are unmarked within the sentence and are usually determined by the order in which they appear in the sentence. For example: The sentence "The man broke the key" is translated as "''Muwat mujahalam luklef''". ''Muwat'' is the subject (or in the nominative case) while the object is ''luklef'', which is in the accusative case. If you want to change the structure of the sentence so that the object is in the predicate or head of the clause then you add an "o-" to indicate the object (I.e., to mark the predicate as in the accusative case). For example: "The key was broken by the man" is "'''''O'''luklef lujahalam muwat''". As you will notice, the class of the verb changes to that of the new noun in the head of the clause.
* The '''nominative and accusative''' cases are unmarked within the sentence and are usually determined by the order in which they appear in the sentence. For example: The sentence "The armed forces are invading that country" is translated as "''leHagan leKharish lejahdafiyal ludomineqa''". ''leHagan'' is the subject (or in the nominative case) while the object is ''ludomineqa'', which is in the accusative case. If you want to change the structure of the sentence so that the object is in the predicate or head of the clause then you add an "o-" to indicate the object (I.e., to mark the predicate as in the accusative case). For example: "That country is being invaded by the armed forces" is "'''''o'''luDomineqa lujahdafiyal leHagan leKharish''". As you will notice, the class of the verb changes to that of the new noun in the head of the clause.
* The locative case indicates that the noun is is site at which the action is being done. It precludes the need for a position-marking adjective or adverb. It is indicated by the "we-" prefix. For example. "The man drove the car into the wall" is "''Muwat mushardam lushareed '''we'''ludan''".
* The '''genitive case''' indicates that one noun is possessed or proceeds from or is subordinate to another noun. This is marked by the prefix "a-". The genitive always follows the noun which possesses it or from which it proceeds. For instance "The teachers of this school are good" is translated as "''meRabiy '''a'''lumadrasarud mebenaan".''
* The instrumental case indicates that a noun is being used by another noun to accomplish a task. It is indicated by the "ye-" prefix. For example: "I am playing the song on the lute by ear" is "''Misam lulud welusitar '''ye'''luqaw''".
* The '''locative case''' indicates that the noun is is site at which the action is being done. It precludes the need for a position-marking adjective or adverb. It is indicated by the "we-" prefix. For example. "The woman entered her house through the northern gate" is "''muFamiya muyadhaabayn lubayeet adhun '''we'''lubawaab luKeraat''" or "'''''we'''luBawaab luKeraat mufamiya muyadhaabayn lubayeet''".
* The infinitive is used to mark a non-finite verb that has noun-like properties in the context in which is is used. It is indicated through the "sha-" prefix. For example the sentence "You often go to the pub to get a drink" translates to "''Duqadan weluturvan '''sha'''kun lugua''".
* The '''instrumental case''' indicates that a noun is being used by another noun to accomplish a task. It is indicated by the "ye-" prefix. For example: "The judge adjudicated the criminals by the laws of Packilvania" is "''muQadim muqadmam mehirmatan '''ye'''leKhanon aBakhilfaniya''" or "''yeleKhanon aBakhilfaniya muqadim muqadma mehirmatan''".
* The '''infinitive''' is used to mark a non-finite verb that has noun-like properties in the context in which is is used. It is indicated through the "kha-" prefix. For example the sentence "Marriage is important to unite the family" translates to "''luZawija lubasishme '''kha'''luikhtifiya lubayeet''" or "'''''kha'''luIkhtifiya lubayeet luzawija lubasishme''". Take note that usually everything after the kha-, ncluded other words, comprise the infinitive phrase and move with it in the sentence. In this case, ''khaluikhtifiya lubayeet'' comprises the infinitive phrase.
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