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[[Category:Packilvania]] [[Category:Languages]]
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== Grammar ==
{{Main|Packilvanian grammar}}Nouns consists of a stem or root word to which affixes are added to indicate case (there are five cases o-, a-, ye-, we-, and kha- for the accusative, genitive, instrumental, locative and infitive respectively) class or gender (there are two classes m- and l- for sentient and non-sentient nouns respectively), number (there are two numbers u- and e- for single and plural respectively although the archaic o- exists for uncountables), and relationship (through demonstratives -qa for distal or that and arid for proximal or this). Verbs are also built around stems and they take on the class and number of the noun they are related to through taking on the same prefixes. They are suffixed with markers for mood (-fi, -ki, -shalv, -bur, -qar and -fiya or -miya for the interrogative, imperative, reciprocal, applicative, subjunctive and causative moods) and aspect (-l, -d, -s and -m for the non-past continuous and past habitual, continuous and perfect respectively).
 
Pronouns can either be prefixes are standalone words. Usually, pronouns are standalone words only when marked for the locative, genitive, and instrumental cases else they are prefixes. There are pronouns for first (mi- single, wa- plural inclusive and sil- plural exclusive), second (du- single and zu- plural) and third person (dhu- single and ish- plural). Although the language makes use of postpositions, because of the locative case, they are usually not necessary. Numbers are in three forms: counting, ordinals (-t or -tet suffix) and frequentials (-shan suffix). Numbers are base 12 with words for base 12^2, base 12^3, base 12^4, base 12^5 and base 12^6. Although using the Common Era calendar and 12 months, the language uses 12 day weeks, 24 day or 2 week months, 72 minute hours and 20 hour days.
=== Nouns ===
Nouns are marked for class, case, and number. Packilvanian nouns are built as follows:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Case
!Class
!Number
!Noun
!Demonstrative
|-
|No case (nominative and sometimes accusative)
"o-" (Accusative)
"a-" (Genitive)
"we-" (Locative)
"ye-" (Instrumental) "kha-" (Infinitive)
|"-l-" (non-sapient)
"-m-" (sapient)
|"-u-" (singular or uncountable)
"-e-" (plural)
|
|"-arud" (Proximal)
"-qa" (Distal)
|}
 
 
====Cases====
The are 5 types of case markers. Case markers indicate what entities are having the action done to them or are doing the action in relation to other entities within a sentence. The cases are as follows:
 
* The '''nominative and accusative''' cases are unmarked within the sentence and are usually determined by the order in which they appear in the sentence. For example: The sentence "The armed forces are invading that country" is translated as "''leHagan leKharish lejahdafiyal ludomineqa''". ''leHagan'' is the subject (or in the nominative case) while the object is ''ludomineqa'', which is in the accusative case. If you want to change the structure of the sentence so that the object is at the head of the clause then you add an "o-" to indicate the object. For example: "That country is being invaded by the armed forces" is "'''''o'''luDomineqa lujahdafiyal leHagan leKharish''". As you will notice, the class of the verb changes to that of the new noun in the head of the clause.
*The '''genitive case''' indicates that one noun is possessed or proceeds from or is subordinate to another noun. This is marked by the prefix "a-". The genitive always follows the noun which possesses it or from which it proceeds. For instance "The teachers of this school are good" is translated as "''meRabiy '''a'''lumadrasarud mebenaan".''
*The '''locative case''' indicates that the noun is is site at which the action is being done. It precludes the need for a position-marking adjective or adverb. It is indicated by the "we-" prefix. For example. "The woman entered her house through the northern gate" is "''muFamiya muyadhaabayn lubayeet adhun '''we'''lubawaab luKeraat''" or "'''''we'''luBawaab luKeraat mufamiya muyadhaabayn lubayeet''".
* The '''instrumental case''' indicates that a noun is being used by another noun to accomplish a task. It is indicated by the "ye-" prefix. For example: "The judge adjudicated the criminals by the laws of Packilvania" is "''muQadim muqadmam mehirmatan '''ye'''leKhanon aBakhilfaniya''" or "''yeleKhanon aBakhilfaniya muqadim muqadma mehirmatan''".
* The '''infinitive''' is used to mark a non-finite verb that has noun-like properties in the context in which is is used. It is indicated through the "kha-" prefix. For example the sentence "Marriage is important to unite the family" translates to "''luZawija lubasishme '''kha'''luikhtifiya lubayeet''" or "'''''kha'''luIkhtifiya lubayeet luzawija lubasishme''". Take note that usually everything after the kha-, ncluded other words, comprise the infinitive phrase and move with it in the sentence. In this case, ''khaluikhtifiya lubayeet'' comprises the infinitive phrase.
*
 
====Classes====
Classes or genders go after cases and before numbers. There are two classes: the "-m-" infix is used for sentient things while the "-l-" infix is used for non-sentient things.
 
For example:
 
* The Sultan in Packilvania is ''muShultan''
*The book in Packilvanian is ''luKitab''
 
====Number====
Markers of quantity or amount go after the class infix and before the root or stem of the word. The marker for plural is "-e-" while that of the singular is "-u-". Uncountable things like water or sand are regarded as singular. For example:
 
*The business in Packilvanian is ''luChubal''
*The days in Packilvania are ''leYam''
*The teacher in Packilvanian is ''muRab''
*The councilmen in Packilvania are ''meWatmijhalis''
*
===Demonstratives===
Demonstratives are used to determine how far or close the noun is relative to the speaker. It is added to the end of the noun after the root.
 
*Distal: "-qa" is used to convey a similar meaning to those or that. For instance, "''muDonaha'''qa'''' '" is "That Leader".
*Proximate: "-arud" is used to communicate a similar meaning to this or these. For example, "''meBayeet'''arud'''''" means "These Houses".
 
===Verbs===
Verbs are constructed as follows: [contextual prefixes]-[root]-[adverbial suffixes]-[inflectional suffixes].
 
*Contextual prefixes are those of the noun to which the verb is related i.e. Definiteness-negation-class-number
*Root is the stem of the word
*Adverbial suffixes are roots of adverbs that modify the verb such as quality, quantity, size etc.
*Inflectional suffixes tell you the aspect and mood.
 
 
 
'''Contextual prefixes and pronomiality'''
 
Verbs in Packilvanian are prefixed with the same prefixes as their subject. These are called contextual prefixes because they tell you the context of the subject. By extension, verbs in Packilvanian have pronomial properties for the subject. However, they are not marked for the case as it is assumed they are always referring to the subject which is always in the nominative case (which is unmarked). For instance, '''bemanje''' means they eat. This means that you do not need the pronoun of the subject to understand who and what is doing the action described by the verb. Thus they are applied in the same order as the nouns as follows (refer to the [[Packilvanian language#Nouns|noun section]] for more info):
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Negation
!Class
!Number
!Root
|-
|Not
|Type of word
|Number of entities
|Stem of the word
|}
 
====Adverbial suffixes====
Adverbial suffixes are added between the root and the inflectional suffixes. They describe or modify the verb performed. They must appear in a specific order as indicated in the [[Packilvanian language#Modifiers and descriptors|modifiers and descriptors section]].
 
====Aspect====
Verbs are inflected for time as follows:
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="4" |Tense
|-
! colspan="2" |
!Non-past
!Past
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''Aspect'''
| colspan="2" |'''Perfect'''
|none, for example : bemanje
| -am or -m, for example bemanjam
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''Imperfective'''
|'''Habitual'''
|none, for example bemanje
| -ad or -d, for example: bemanjad
|-
|'''Continuous'''
| -ul or -l, for example bemanjedol
| -us - or -s, for example: bemanjegum
|}
Inflectional suffixes (markers of aspect and mood) are appended to the end of the word as follows:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! Root
!Adverbial suffixes
!Applicative mood
!Reciprocal or associative mood
!Imperative mood
!Optative mood
!Interrogative mood
! Aspect
|-
| N/A
|N/A
|For or on behalf of
|To itself or to another entity in the same group
|Command or instruction
| Wish or uncertainty
|Question
|Movement through time and space
|-
|N/A
|N/A
| -por or - epor
| -shalv or - eshalv / -chas or -echas
| -ku or -eku
| -qar or -eqar
| -fi or -efi
|Look at table above
|}
 
====Indicative mood====
This is the default mood and it states things as fact. It usually follows the word order: subject verb object
 
*Present perfect/habitual form: I speak with my mom everyday. ''Mi'''tamka''' muyam myuma amin.''
*Present continuous form: My friend is playing with her doll. ''muSol amin mulayb'''ul''' yelulayeeb adhun khapajrashalv.''
*Past perfect form: The teacher had spoken to me about my behaviour. ''Murab mutamk'''am''' min lubehad amin.''
* Past habitual form: We used to race to the cafeteria after school. ''Wapramnathul'''ad''' lufitar lumadras welushaammul''
*Past continuous form: The man had no right soliciting money from his friends. ''muWayeet nemurakhat muqeer'''as''' leDinar alesol adhun.''
 
====Interrogative mood====
This mood is used to ask questions. Interrogative clauses are formed by appending the suffix -'''fi''' or-'''efi''' to a word such as -'''Memulfi''' (Do they eat? or Are they eating?). -fi basically functions like the Staynish words "which?" or "what?". Depending on what it's attached to, it will point to what the speaker is asking about.
 
The following examples are examples where the speaker already knowns about the object or subject of the question, but wants to receive confirmation for the question person to confirm this. In this case the fi will fall on the verb as follows:
*Non past perfect/non past habitual: Will you ask your friend what his plans are for the holidays? '''''Duqeerfi''' musol adu welexan adhun weleyamdan?''
*Past perfective: Have the soldiers returned from their campaign? ''Mujahedeen menahedfi'''m''' welukhravan aishne?''
*Past continuous: Were they riding their bicycles in the garden? ''Ishshareedfi'''s''' ledaraaja aishne welujardin?''
*Past habitual: Did you often find yourself wondering what your purpose is? ''Dulaktchasfi'''d''' tafkirus lutsiha adu?''
*Non past continuous: Will you see a lot of people walking on the street? ''Dunarafi'''l''' lumustaf leshabil lethaar welushari? ''
Fi can also be added at the end of placeholder nouns to point something unknown about which the speaker asking instead of the verb:
 
*How? e.g., ''Amhoud lutakhaalam min lutaraqfi'' (translation: How could Amhoud abandon me, literally: Amhoud had abandoned me for what reason?)
*When? e.g., ''Amhoud luyadhaab luqa weuma adhun khronfi?'' (translation: When did Amhoud leave his mother? Literally: Amhoud go away from mother his at what time?
* Where? e.g., ''Amhoud lufaykhalam lakhtfi?'' (translation: Where did Amhoud arrive?, literally: Amhoud had arrived at which time?) If the sentence had been ''Amhoud lufaykhalamfi?'' then the sentence would be: Did Amhoud arrive?
*Which? e.g., ''Amhoud luyamurul mejahdinfi?'' (translation: Which soldier is Amhoud commanding?, literally: Amhoud is commanding which officer?)
*Whose? e.g., ''Amhoud luabnefi?'' This sentence means Is Amhoud a son? But ''Amhoudfi luabne'' means Which Amhoud is a son? if you want to ask, Whose son is Amhoud, you need to be specific. For example: Of which woman is Amhoud the son of? ''Amhoud muabne anisafi?'' This is also an example of how the genitive case can act as an object in the sentence
*Why? e.g., ''Amhoud luyadhaabus weluqa yelusababfi?'' (translation: Why is Amhoud going there? literally: Amhoud is going there for what reason?)
 
====Subjunctive====
Subjuctive mood is used to indicate that there is uncertainty. This is done by appending the suffix -'''qar''' or -'''eqar''' to the end of the verb word. For example:
 
*Stative: If the man cannot control his anger, I will be forced to fire him. Translation: ''Luwayeet nelukontrole'''qar'''ul lukirion adhun, mifurdul khamudismiss dhun''. This sentence is written in a very casual way. People from [[Fidakar]] and people who live in cities like [[Kemer]] tend to speak like this.
* Object but no subject: If John was loved, he wouldn't act in this way. Translation: ''oIhan luyamara'''qar'''us, dhun nemubehadel yelutaraqarud''. Literally: (object mark)John Act(sbjn)(past-cont.) he (negation)(person-mark)behave(present-cont)
*Interrogative mood: What would you do if I told you that I don't love you? Translation: ''Duhadefi mitamka'''qar''' du mineyamara du?''
* Reflexive mood: If you cared about yourself, you would stop acting like a fool. Translation: ''Dumarashalv'''eqar''' duqif mubehada muahmaq.''
*Applicative mood: If you continue working for those people, you will go crazy. Translation: ''Dustamare'''qar'''ul mushugeporul meshabileqa dumajnun welumustaf''.
* It is not possible to use the subjunctive mood and the imperative mood together.
 
====Imperative mood====
The imperative mood indicates a command or instruction. This is indicated by a appending the suffix -ku or -eku to the end of the word. For example: '''Bemanjeku'''! (Eat!). Imperative mood may not be used with optative, or interrogative moods.
 
*Applicative mood: Make a sandwich for him. ''Yatbakhepor'''ki''' dhun lusendawij''.
*Reflexive mood: Do not hurt yourself! Translation: ''Neharmashalv'''eki'''!''
*Some people omit the ki altogether because in many contexts it's obvious that the speaker is giving a command.
 
====Reciprocal mood ====
The reciprocal mood indicates that that the verb is doing something to itself. The suffix -shalv is used to indicate this. For instance '''bemanjeshalv''' (They eat themselves).
 
====Applicative mood ====
This means to do something for or on behalf of another using the suffix -'''epor''' or -'''por''' For instance: '''Bemanjepor''' (They eat for/on behalf of someone/something else).
 
====Derivation of verbs from nouns ====
In some cases, if a verb is derived from a noun, a pattern can be observed. This usually applies to nouns with two syllables. This does not apply to all verbs and nouns or to all two-syllable nouns. If the noun's last syllable follows the pattern Consonant-Vowel-Consonant, the vowel disappears and an "a" is appended to the end. If the first syllable follows the pattern Consonant-Vowel and the consonant is a "u", then the "u" is replaced with an "a". For example:
 
*Bahim = noise but to make a noise is bahma
*Praman = a road, but to walk is pramna
*Tamuk = language, but to talk is Tamka.
* Chubaal = business, but to conduct business is to chabla
 
===Pronouns===
{{WIP}}
Pronouns are inflected for case and class where applicable:
*First person indicates that the speaker or a group of which the speaker is a part is performing the action or having the action performed on them. The first person pronoun replaces their names or any another reference. The prefix can appear as either a word or a stand along word as follows:
**In the singular form, the prefix ''mi-'' is used or the word ''min''. If the speaker is the subject then, the prefix ''mi'' replaces the noun as well as the case and other initial markings on the verb root. For instance: "'''''Mi'''tad muMeer''" means "I speak to the Governor". If the roles are reversed then the sentence would change as follows: ''muMeer mutad min''.
**In the plural form, to include the addressee, the pronoun prefix is ''Wa'' and the stand alon word is ''Wan''. "'''''Wa'''salam welumajhid''" means "We prayed at the Temple". Alternatively, it can be: "The teacher spoke to us", that being "''Murab mutadam '''wan'''''". Alternatively, the pronoun can be placed at the head of the sentence as follows "''O'''wan''' metadas muMeer''" means "We were spoken to by the Governor". To exclude the addressee, you would use the prefix ''sil-'' and the word ''silne'' as follows: "We are finishing the business we started". "'''''Sil'''nahal luchubal lubidayt '''silne''' ". ''
*Second person: This indicates the addressee.
**The singular form used the the Du prefix and Dun word. For example: You are not allowed to speak to the Sultan. ''Ne'''du'''rakht khatad wemuShultan''.
**The plural form is zu and it works as follows: "You donate all your money to charitable causes", which in Packilvanian is '''''Zu'''zakat ludinar luned a'''zun''' welejahud lezakatiya''. In this sentence, the plural second person pronoun ''zun'' or you is in the genitive case.
 
*Third person indicates someone or a group that the speaker is speaking to the addressee about. The following pronouns apply.
**To speak about someone or something in the singular third person form, the prefix dhu- is used and the stand alone word dhun is used. For example, the sentence "John came by the house last summer. He brought a basket of apples". In Packilvanian this would be: "''Ihan muyatam lusayf lumad welubayt. '''Dhu'''ahdur lusala aletufaah''". Another example is "I have not seen him since he drove by. Have you looked for him in the shed?" In Packilvanian this would be, "''Neminara '''dhun''' sayinka '''dhu'''shareed wehuna. Dunarafim '''dhun''' welutasalit''?"
**To speak about a group, you would use the prefix "ish-" and the pronoun "ishne". For example: "They had a meeting with their boss yesterday". This is "'''''Is'''hmijhalis lulamish lumaharaj ale'''ishne'''''".
 
===Modifiers and descriptors===
In Packilvanian, there are technically neither adjectives nor adverbs. This is because words which describe or modify other words have an embedded copulative i.e., the prefix that they have already implies something akin to "is" or "be". Thus, these words are functionally verbs. For instance, "the happy people" is "''meshabil mejubeel''" which directly translates to "the people (that) are happy". Words that modify or describe other words thus have the same prefix as the word that they are describing (e.g., '''''me'''shabil '''me'''jubeel'').
 
If multiple modifiers and descriptors are used, they appear according to the order intended by the speaker based. By a loose convention followed by practically no one, they appear in the following order:
*Quantity, number, order or frequency
*Quality or opinion.
*Direction or position or relation
*Size.
*Age.
*Shape.
*Color.
*Proper adjective (often nationality, other place of origin, or material)
*Purpose or qualifier.
 
===Positionals===
Positional are words which indicate either direction or relation. These words are rarely used because the case marker "we-" performs a universal function as a positional indicator. In the rare and unlikely event that a positional is required, it functions as an ordinary verb or noun depending on context and use and has no special grammatical traits thereto affixed.
 
For example:
*-'''beneyath''': beneath, under or underneath
*-'''ubuv''': above
*-'''ashidi''': beside
*-'''akhansta''': against
*-'''dupa''': on top of, on
*-'''aye''': with (not to be confused with the instrumental case)
* -'''munga''': among
*-'''idaween''': between
*-'''akhrono''': during
*-'''ayn''': within, in
*-'''xepet''': except, excluding
*-'''gurash''': across
*-'''nayeer''': near, close
*-'''joor''': through
* -'''vah''': off
*-'''rotunda''': around
*-'''berefia''': before
*-'''futar''': after
*-'''far''': far
 
====Diminutive, intensive and feminisation====
These are used to show something to a smaller degree: the suffix -amne or -mne can be added as a suffix to noun, verb or modifier. This can be doubled to further diminuate the word concerned. For example, '''luwayeet''' (man) becomes '''luwayeetamne''' (small man) which can become '''luwayeetamnemne''' (a very small or pathetic man). Double diminutive are often used as pejoratives.
 
Intensive forms have the suffix -gur or -agur. intensive word form is one which denotes stronger, more forceful, or more concentrated action relative to the root on which the intensive is built. For example: '''Manje''' (eat) becomes '''manjegur''' (devour) becomes '''manjegurgur''' (consume gluttonously). Double intensives are also pejoratives in many cases.
 
Packilvanian does not have sex-based grammatical gender but a suffix can be added to a word to feminise it. -'''Elea''' and -lea are the official root however a simple -a, -ia and -lia have been used to effeminise words. Non-feminised words also use the latter three at their ends. For example lumedichi (doctor) becomes lumedichilea (female doctor). Feminisation applied to men is regarded as a pejorative.
 
====Subordinates and conjunctions====
These words join two or more clauses and phrases. These are grammatically adverbs. The constructions work similarly to Staynish-Codexian.
*'''Aladha''': Although, though, even though
*'''Akhausa''': Because
*'''Rashalta''': As a result
*'''Nadina''': And, as well as
* '''Neshtemne''': Nevertheless
*'''Nemudwanad''': Notwithstandin
*'''Oor''': Or
*'''Sayinka''': Since
*'''Soobaqaintalia''': Subsequently
*'''Tarafar''': Therefore
*'''Tilha''': Until
*'''Pushtar''': Despite
*'''Khawayar''': However
 
===Numbers===
Numbers describe a numerical quantity. Packilvanian uses its own numerals and it uses a base ten system. Further there are three types of numbers: cardinals, ordinals and frequentials. A "t" is added at the end of a cardinal to make it an ordinal however if the cardinal already ends in a "t", then an "et" must be added to end of the cardinal to make it an ordinal. "Shan" is added at the end of a cardinal to make it a frequential.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! colspan="3" |Cardinal
! rowspan="2" | Ordinal
! rowspan="2" | Frequency
|-
!Name
! Staynish Numeral
!Packilvanian Numeral
|-
| -raj
|0
| 0
| None
|None
|-
| -ikht
| 1
|[[File:Ikht.png|34x34px]]
| -ikhtet
| -ikhteshan
|-
| -dush
|2
|[[File:Dash.png|34x34px]]
| -dasht
| -dushashan
|-
| -taar
|3
|[[File:Taar.png|34x34px]]
| -taart
| -tarshan
|-
| -vaar
|4
|[[File:Vaar.png|34x34px]]
| -vaart
| -veyeershan
|-
| -sunk
|5
|[[File:Sunk.png|34x34px]]
| -sunkt
| -veyeefshan
|-
| -saash
|6
|[[File:Saash.png|34x34px]]
| -sasht
| -sashan
|-
| -shvaan
|7
|[[File:Shvaan.png|34x34px]]
| -shvaant
| -sheevanshan
|-
| -gat
|8
|[[File:Gat.png|34x34px]]
| -gatet
| -gashan
|-
| -naan
|9
|[[File:Naan.png|34x34px]]
| -naant
| -nashan
|-
| -dakt
|10
|[[File:Dakt.png|34x34px]]
|daktet
| -daktashan
|-
| -laav
|11
|[[File:Laav.png|34x34px]]
| -laavt
| -laavshan
|-
| -sool
|12
|[[File:Sool.png|34x34px]]
| -soolt
| -soolshan
|-
| -sool na ikht
|13 (12+1)
|[[File:Sool.png|34x34px]]-[[File:Ikht.png|34x34px]]
|
|
|-
| -sool na dush
|14 (12+2)
|[[File:Sool.png|34x34px]]-[[File:Dash.png|34x34px]]
|
|
|-
| -sool na taar
|15 (12+3)
|[[File:Sool.png|34x34px]]-[[File:Taar.png|34x34px]]
|
|
|-
| -sool na vaar
|16 (12+4)
|[[File:Sool.png|34x34px]]-[[File:Vaar.png|34x34px]]
|
|
|-
| -sool na sunk
|17 (12+5)
|[[File:Sool.png|34x34px]]-[[File:Sunk.png|34x34px]]
|
|
|-
| -sool na saash
|18 (12+6)
|[[File:Sool.png|34x34px]]-[[File:Saash.png|34x34px]]
|
|
|-
| -sool na shvaan
|19 (12+7)
| [[File:Sool.png|34x34px]]-[[File:Shvaan.png|34x34px]]
|
|
|-
| -sool na gat
|20 (12+8)
|[[File:Sool.png|34x34px]]-[[File:Gat.png|34x34px]]
|
|
|-
| -sool na naan
|21 (12+9)
|[[File:Sool.png|34x34px]]-[[File:Naan.png|34x34px]]
|
|
|-
| -sool na dakt
|22 (12+10)
|[[File:Sool.png|34x34px]]-[[File:Dakt.png|34x34px]]
|
|
|-
| -sool na laav
|23 (12+11)
|[[File:Sool.png|34x34px]]-[[File:Laav.png|34x34px]]
|
|
|-
| -sool-dasht
|24 (12*2)
|[[File:Dash.png|34x34px]][[File:Sool.png|34x34px]]
|
|
|-
| -sool-taart
|36 (12*3)
|[[File:Taar.png|34x34px]][[File:Sool.png|34x34px]]
|
|
|-
| -sool-vaart
|48 (12*4)
|[[File:Vaar.png|34x34px]][[File:Sool.png|34x34px]]
|
|
|-
| -sool-sunkt
|60 (12*5)
|[[File:Sunk.png|34x34px]][[File:Sool.png|34x34px]]
|
|
|-
| -sool-saasht
|72 (12*6)
|[[File:Saash.png|34x34px]][[File:Sool.png|34x34px]]
|
|
|-
| -sool-shvaant
|84 (12*7)
|[[File:Shvaan.png|34x34px]][[File:Sool.png|34x34px]]
|
|
|-
| -sool-gatet
|96 (12*8)
|[[File:Gat.png|34x34px]][[File:Sool.png|34x34px]]
|
|
|-
| -sool-naant
|108 (12*9)
|[[File:Naan.png|34x34px]][[File:Sool.png|34x34px]]
|
|
|-
| -sool-dakt
|120 (12*10)
|[[File:Dakt.png|34x34px]][[File:Sool.png|34x34px]]
|
|
|-
| -sool-laavt
|132 (12*11)
|[[File:Laav.png|34x34px]][[File:Sool.png|34x34px]]
|
|
|-
| -hash
|144 (12*12)
|[[File:Hash.png|34x34px]]
| -hasht
| -gureleenashan
|-
| -khur
|1,728 (144*12)
| [[File:Khur.png|43x43px]]
| -khurt
| -khurileenashan
|-
| -jeed
|20,736 (1728*12)
|[[File:Sool.png|34x34px]][[File:Khur.png|43x43px]]
|jeedet
| -jeedshan
|-
| -maq
|248,832 (20736*12)
|[[File:Hash.png|34x34px]][[File:Khur.png|43x43px]]
| -maqalt
| -meqaleenshan
|-
| -taq
|2,985,984 (248,832*12)
|[[File:Khur.png|43x43px]][[File:Khur.png|43x43px]]
| -taqalt
| -taqshan
|-
| -wak
|5,159,780,352 (2,985,984*1,728)
|[[File:Khur.png|43x43px]][[File:Khur.png|43x43px]][[File:Khur.png|43x43px]]
| -wakt
| -wakshan
|-
| -zoor
|8,916,100,400,000 (5,159,780,352 *1,728)
|[[File:Khur.png|43x43px]][[File:Khur.png|43x43px]][[File:Khur.png|43x43px]][[File:Khur.png|43x43px]]
| -zoort
| -zoortshan
|}
Here is a example of a number:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Staynish numeral
!Staynish name
!Packilvanian name
!Packilvanian numerals
!Calculation
|-
|781
|Seven hundred and eighty one
|Hash-sukt na sool-sunkt na ikht
|[[File:Sunk.png|34x34px]][[File:Hash.png|34x34px]]-[[File:Sunk.png|34x34px]][[File:Sool.png|34x34px]]-[[File:Ikht.png|34x34px]]
| 5*144+12*5+1
|-
|68,493
|Sixty two thousand, eight hundred and nineteen
|Jeed-taart na khur-taart na hash-shvaant na sool-shvaant na naan
|[[File:Taar.png|34x34px]][[File:Sool.png|34x34px]][[File:Khur.png|43x43px]]-[[File:Taar.png|34x34px]][[File:Khur.png|43x43px]]-[[File:Shvaan.png|34x34px]][[File:Hash.png|34x34px]]-[[File:Shvaan.png|34x34px]][[File:Sool.png|34x34px]]-[[File:Naan.png|34x34px]]
|20736*3+1728*3+144*7+12*7+9
|-
|100
|One hundred
|Sool-naant na dakt
|[[File:Naan.png|34x34px]][[File:Sool.png|34x34px]]-[[File:Dakt.png|34x34px]]
|12*9+10
|-
|56
|Fifty six
|Sool-vaar na dash
|[[File:Vaar.png|34x34px]][[File:Sool.png|34x34px]]-[[File:Gat.png|34x34px]]
|12*4+8
|}
 
===Calendar and Time===
{{Today/Packilvanian}}
The Packilvanian calendar uses the Common Era lunisolar calendar. The months match up but the weekdays are vastly different. Each week comprises 12 days. A month is called a "Dool", a Day is called a "Yam" and a Week is called a "Iskar". The day comprises 20 hours of 72 minutes each. An hour is called a "Hoor" and a minute is called a "Tash" while a second is called a "Jum".
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! colspan="2" |Months
! colspan="2" |Weekdays
|-
|January
|Ishahan
| 1
| Xariq
|-
|February
|Qalahid
|2
|Yazoom
|-
|March
|Odihan
|3
|Ashmal
|-
|April
|Jahar
|4
|Estaar
|-
|May
|Subal
|5
|Mikhaal
|-
|June
|Dinesh
|6
|Kubraal
|-
|July
|Waseem
|7
|Zriaal
|-
|August
|Hayaad
|8
|Shadool
|-
|September
|Qowal
|9
|Pasheed
|-
|October
|Kharaat
|10
|Miyatar
|-
|November
|Tharaan
|11
|Sokar
|-
|December
|Dhuyeel
|12
|Sowad
|}
 
If you want to tell someone one the time is, there are two options:
*Digital time: Here you say the numbers on a digital clock for example if the time is 19:67, the you say ''Sool na Shvaan sool-sunkt na shvaan'' (Nineteen sixty seven).
*Analogue time: There are two ways:
**When you have passed the half way point of the hour, I.e., 36 minutes, You say the number of minutes until the coming hour. For example: if the time is 17:65, you say ''Shvaan tulha sool na saash'' (7 to 18).
** When you have not passed the half way point then you say how many minutes have passed in the hour you are currently in. For example if the time is 09:34, you say: ''Sool-dasht na dakt sayinka Naan'' (Thirty four since nine).
**When you want to say approximately half way, you say that you are in the middle of the hour you are in: if the approximate time is 10:36, you say ''Derj Dakht'' (Half ten).
**When you want to say approximately a quarter past the start of the hour, for example 12:18, you say, ''Verj Sayinka Sool'' (A fourth since 12).
**When you want to say a quarter to the next hour, for example 3:54, you say, ''Verj tulha Vaar'' (A fourth to 12).
**When you want to say a third from the current hour, for example 6:24, you say ''Terj Sayinka Saash'' (A third since 6).
**When you want to say a third to the next hour, for instance 7:48, you say ''Taarj tulha Gat'' (A third until 8). This formula applies for a 6th, 8th or 12th of the hour
 
==Vocabulary==
{{Main|Packilvanian dictionary}}
The vocabulary of Packilvanian has been influenced by a variety of factors. Over 80% of the words are of Central Yasterian origin. Of these, 50% originate from [[Bingol]]-[[Mekedesh]] and 30% from the ancient Languages of [[Ashura]]. Some words originate from [[Ethalrian language|Ethalrian]] such as words for cinema (''kino''), train station (''baan'' which is cognate to ''Bahnhof'') and train (''tsurkh wh''ich is derived from ''Züg''). Some words originate from [[Unonian]] such as foreign language (''lavees'' from ''Ilvesu'').
 
Line 907 ⟶ 266:
 
For a list of the Packilvanian translations of all the world's country names have a look at [[list of countries in Packilvanian]]
 
==Common phrases==
* Greetings: Both greetings when leaving and staying are simply ''Ashamiliya''
The Oan Isles
verified
5,307

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