Packilvanian language: Difference between revisions
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{{RP award|type=Silver}}
[[Category:Packilvania]] [[Category:Languages]]
{{Infobox language
| name = Packilvanian
| familycolor = red
| nativename = luTamuk
| dia6 = Drakkengardian
| dia5 = Ukhanarian
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| states = {{unbulleted list|[[Packilvania]]|[[Drakkengard]]}}
| ancestor = Middle Packilvanian
| fam7 =
| fam6 =
| fam5 =
| fam4 = Central Yasterian
| fam3 = Central-Eastern Yasterian
| fam2 = Yastero-Auroran
| fam1 = Concordo-Yastero-Auroran
| ethnicity = Packilvanians,
| speakers = 1.1 billion to 1.5 billion
| region = Central and Eastern Yasteria
| stand1 = Imperial Standard
| image = Flag of Packilvania.png
}}
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== Grammar ==
{{Main|Packilvanian grammar}}Nouns consists of a stem or root word to which affixes are added to indicate case (there are five cases o-, a-, ye-, we-, and kha- for the accusative, genitive, instrumental, locative and infitive respectively) class or gender (there are two classes m- and l- for sentient and non-sentient nouns respectively), number (there are two numbers u- and e- for single and plural respectively although the archaic o- exists for uncountables), and relationship (through demonstratives -qa for distal or that and arid for proximal or this). Verbs are also built around stems and they take on the class and number of the noun they are related to through taking on the same prefixes. They are suffixed with markers for mood (-fi, -ki, -shalv, -bur, -qar and -fiya or -miya for the interrogative, imperative, reciprocal, applicative, subjunctive and causative moods) and aspect (-l, -d, -s and -m for the non-past continuous and past habitual, continuous and perfect respectively).
Pronouns can either be prefixes are standalone words. Usually, pronouns are standalone words only when marked for the locative, genitive, and instrumental cases else they are prefixes. There are pronouns for first (mi- single, wa- plural inclusive and sil- plural exclusive), second (du- single and zu- plural) and third person (dhu- single and ish- plural). Although the language makes use of postpositions, because of the locative case, they are usually not necessary. Numbers are in three forms: counting, ordinals (-t or -tet suffix) and frequentials (-shan suffix). Numbers are base 12 with words for base 12^2, base 12^3, base 12^4, base 12^5 and base 12^6. Although using the Common Era calendar and 12 months, the language uses 12 day weeks, 24 day or 2 week months, 72 minute hours and 20 hour days.
==Vocabulary==
{{Main|Packilvanian dictionary}}
The vocabulary of Packilvanian has been influenced by a variety of factors. Over 80% of the words are of Central Yasterian origin. Of these, 50% originate from [[Bingol]]-[[Mekedesh]] and 30% from the ancient Languages of [[Ashura]]. Some words originate from [[Ethalrian language|Ethalrian]] such as words for cinema (''kino''), train station (''baan'' which is cognate to ''Bahnhof'') and train (''tsurkh wh''ich is derived from ''Züg''). Some words originate from [[Unonian]] such as foreign language (''lavees'' from ''Ilvesu'').
Packilvanian shares words with [[Staynish]] that originated from a common source such as ''hamiy'' (blood, which relates to the term haemo- such as in haemorrhage) and ''praman'' (road, relating to promenade). Some terms, it is believed that Packilvanian influenced Staynish especially in the legal area such as ''khanon'' (canon such as law or accepted body of knowledge), and ''khavnan'' (covenant, meaning agreement and commitment). Some words it is unclear which language influence which such as ''slamiya'' (religion, which is distantly related to ''psalm'') and ''yistubil'' (stable, such as a barn). There are words which have entered Packilvanian from Staynish such as ''ikonomiya'' (economy), ''yumabaas'' (embassy) and ''khomishayin'' (commission).
The canon of Packilvanian vocabulary is determined every year by the Packilvanian Language Board through the publication of updates to the ''luKitab luMalayka aleKalima aluTamuk luShahitishme aBakhilfaniya'' (Official Book of Words of the Imperial Language of Packilvania). In reality, there are words which enter the language through colloquial or academic use especially in the sciences that are not always recorded by the PLB.
Different professional bodies will also have their own jargon. For instance, the Information Technology Professionals Association of Packilvania has words such as ''letabaqa'' which normally means layers but refers to the computer development stack. There has been a nativist movement in Packilvania whereby multiple words are grouped together to form new terms such as ''shugulmahar'' (professional, formed from the words for "worker" and "skilled"), ''yadadhakiy'' (technology, formed from ''yada'' meaning "tool" and ''dhakiy'' meaning "clever") and ''sahihkhaznam'' (information, from ''sahih'' meaning "truth" and ''khaznam'' meaning treasured).
Packilvanian has a tendency to construct words out of three consonant clusters. For example the words for ''slamiya'' (religion), ''silam'' (solitude) and ''ashamiliya'' (assimilate) all originate from sh/s-l-m. To form verbs from nouns with 3 consonants and 2 syllables, there is a tendency to remove the vowel of the second syllable and add an "a" to the end e.g., ''yamal'' means "action" and ''yamla'' means "to act" (also spelt ''eamil'' and ''eamla'').
Some times "fiya" is added to show a verb that transforms its object e.g., ''ikhtifiya'' means to "make one" or "unite". A variation of this is "miya" which has a similar function such as ''ikhtimiya'' which means "unique" or "to set alone". "ishme" is added to show a state of being such as ''mamlukumishme'' which means "royal" or "that which is made to be like a king" or ''Paxashme'' which means [[Paxism]] (or "which is like [[Pax]]"). "han" is often added to indicate a place name such Askarahan or "esh" such as [[Mekedesh]] or "iya" such as Bakhilfaniya or "ar" such as [[Shakar]], [[Fidakar]], or [[Ukanar]] or "yat" such as [[Rigaryat]] or [[Kharyat]].
Some words retain old spellings such as ''Ichtmar'' or Mochtan which should be spelt "Ikhtmar" or "Mokhtan" or Tashqar which should be spelt "Tashkar" to reflect modern spelling conventions for their pronunciation. Some words are rarely spelt like the official books say. E.g., ''eamil'' (action) is normally spelt ''yamil'' and ''asasi'' (standard) is normally spelt ''yasasi''.
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You can also have a look at the [[List of Packilvanian legal terms]].
For a list of the Packilvanian translations of all the world's country names have a look at [[list of countries in Packilvanian]]
==Common phrases==
* Greetings: Both greetings when leaving and staying are simply ''Ashamiliya''
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