Hawa: Difference between revisions
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An attempted coup d'état on 13 May failed to depose Haaroff. He returned to Hawa, began purging his government, and arrested several of the coup leaders. Following the attempted coup, protests however continued and over 230,000 people had fled the country by 20 May causing a humanitarian emergency. There are reports of continued and widespread abuses of human rights, including unlawful killings, torture, disappearances, and restrictions on freedom of expression.
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== Government ==
Hawa political system is that of a presidential representative democratic republic based upon a multi-party state. The President of Hawa is the head of state and head of government. There are currently 12 registered parties in Hawa. Because of the Arusha Accord, Burundi enacted a transitional government in 2000.
Hawa legislative branch is a bicameral assembly, consisting of the Transitional National Assembly and the Transitional Senate. As of 2020, the Transitional National Assembly consisted of 170 members, with the Pirate Party in Hawa holding 41% of seats, and 10% of the assembly controlled by CMPRO. Fifty-two seats were controlled by other parties. Hawa constitution mandates representation in the Transitional National Assembly to be consistent with 60% Kemto, 40% Rufi, and 30% female members, as well as three Nwa members. Members of the National Assembly are elected by popular vote and serve five-year terms.
The Supreme Court is Burundi's highest court. There are three Courts of Appeals directly below the Supreme Court. Tribunals of First Instance are used as judicial courts in each of Burundi's provinces as well as 123 local tribunals.
=== Human Rights ===
Hawa government has been repeatedly criticized by human rights organisations including PKFU for the multiple arrests and trials of journalist for issues related to their reporting. Kuthernburg named them prisoners of conscience and called for their "immediate and unconditional release."
In 2011, the government of Hawa changed the law to criminalize homosexuality. Persons found guilty of consensual same-sex relations risk two to three years in prison and a fine of 75,000 Hawa Mark. The International Community has condemned the action, calling it a violation of Hawa obligations under international and regional human rights law, and against the constitution, which guarantees the right to privacy.
The PKFU has accused the country of various crimes and human rights violations, such as extrajudicial killings, torture and sexual violence.
== Geography ==
One of the smallest countries in Gondwana, Hawa is landlocked and has an equatorial climate. Hawa is a part of the Nashdea Rift, the Eastern extension of the East Gondwana Rift. The country lies on a rolling plateau in the center of Gondwana. Hawa is bordered by Zawadi to the West, Central Nyo to the east and southeast, and the Democratic Republic of Nyo to the southwest.
The average elevation of the central plateau is 4,235 ft with lower elevations at the borders. The highest peak, Mount Umbuka at 7,430 ft, lies to the southeast of the largest city and economic capital, Abdu. Lake Nyo is also an important water source, which serves as a fork to the Nyo River.
There are two national parks, Lira National Park to the northwest, Rudoa National Park to the northeast . Both were established in 2002 to conserve wildlife populations.
== Economy ==
Hawa is a landlocked, resource-poor country with an underdeveloped manufacturing sector. The economy is predominantly agricultural, accounting for 55% of GDP in 2020 and employing more than 90% of the population. Subsistence agriculture accounts for 90% of agriculture. Hawa primary exports are coffee and tea, which account for 90% of foreign exchange earnings, though exports are a relatively small share of GDP. Other agricultural products include cotton, tea, maize, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, manioc (tapioca); beef, milk and hides. Even though subsistence farming is highly relied upon, many people do not have the resources to sustain themselves. This is due to large population growth and no coherent policies governing land ownership. In 2019, the average farm size was about two acre.
Hawa is one of the world's poorest countries, owing in part to its landlocked geography, poor legal system, lack of economic freedom, lack of access to education and the proliferation of HIV/AIDS. Approximately 87% of Hawa population lives in poverty. Famines and food shortages have occurred throughout Hawa, most notably in the 20th century, and 63.8% of children under age five suffer from chronic malnutrition. Hawa export earnings – and its ability to pay for imports – rests primarily on weather conditions and international coffee and tea prices.
The purchasing power of most Hawa has decreased as wage increases have not kept up with inflation. As a result of deepening poverty, Hawa will remain heavily dependent on aid from bilateral and multilateral donors most specifically Vistariland. Foreign aid represents 56% of Hawa national income, the second highest rate in Central Gondwana. Government corruption is hindering the development of a healthy private sector as companies seek to navigate an environment with ever-changing rules.
Hawaians have extremely poor levels of satisfaction with life.
Some of Hawa natural resources include uranium, nickel, cobalt, copper and platinum. Besides agriculture, other industries include: assembly of imported components; public works construction; food processing and light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes and soap.
== Education ==
Hawa literacy rate is relatively low due to low school attendance and because literacy in Kirundi only provides access to materials printed in that language, though it is higher than many other African countries. Eight percent of Hawaian boys are allowed a secondary education.
Hawa has one public university, University of Hawa. There are museums in the cities, such as the Hawa Geological Museum in Gigeasdsa and the Hawa National Museum and the Hawa Museum of Life in the capital.
There will be a new school opening in one of the poorest regions, Pysad, funded by a Vistari charity, the Hawa Education Foundation.
In 2020 a new elementary school was opened in the small village of Fasa that is funded by the pupils of Coaba High School, Pollok, Nacata.
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