Great Morstaybishlia: Difference between revisions

''Main article: [[Morstaybishlian Empire]]''

[[Image:Golden owl painting.jpg|left|thumb|150px|Painting of the last Golden-tipped owl, named "Lucy". c.1974]]

Morstaybishlian colonialism began as early as the 11th century with Caltharusian territories in [[Arcturia]]. Arcturia saw a surge of Staynish and Caltharusian early settlements in eastern Arcturia from 1001 to 1515; these trading outposts were generally not unified into one territory until the Morstaybishlian Empire formed after the Union of the Thrones and trading outposts were led by Viceroys.

=====Battle for Luxaria=====

After success in Justelvard, [[Lambertus V]] asserted himself as a more confident leader among his privy council. He set his sights westwards to [[Arcturia]], an already known and landed continent by both Staynes and Caltharus as well as other kingdoms [[Kormistazm]] and [[Ethalria (Grand Matriarchy)|Ethalria]]. After finding out the Ethalrian Empire had united a nearly 200 kilometer coastal colony a decade prior and with a flair to compete, he sent a ship to send a letter to the Viceroys of each trade outpost for the provisions to form a unified colony southwards of New Calth, but the ship never returned. He later found out the Ethalrian soldiers had seized the ships and executed the soldiers. Frustrated by this, he amassed a fleet of warships and sent them to defeat the Ethalrian Armada. The fleet came back victorious, but the Ethalrian Empire sent their own fleet and reclaimed the small Gronmund Port.

=====Six Years' War=====

=====Caven Wars=====

In the year 1688, Captain Kerden discovered an island in the Packilvanian Ocean and established a settlement a year later called Queensport. For another five years the Morstaybishlian Empire would build up their settlements with the prospects to use it as a military naval port and trading hub to Yasteria. Communications to the island abruptly ceased to which a vessel was sent and discovered that the Caven Empire had set up their own port on the other side of the island and had fought and won the Staynish port.

====Morstopackia and the Great War====

In 1897, [[Thadeus I]] married [[Zerah Demir IV]], Sultana of the Caliphate. The two superpowers were united under marriage and for 20 years remained so, until the death of the Morstaybishlian King in 1917. Trade between the two superpowers rose to unimaginable heights. The legacy of which is still visible in trade between the two superpowers to this day, with Morsto-Caliphate trade being the strongest and largest trade between two sovereign states in the world.

====Aftermath of the Great War====

As the world evolved in the 19th and 20th centuries, many democratic nations abolished slavery and pressured the Morstaybishlian and Packilvanian Empires to do so. Owing to its incredible size and power in the 19th century and its absolute monarchy which had large capital interests and investment in the slave trade, the Morstaybishlian Empire did not abolish slavery until in November 1917, two months after the end of the Great War and the dissolution of Morstopackia. The nation saw huge social, economic and political reforms in 1917 as it transitioned from an absolute monarchy to parliamentary republic under constitutional monarchy; and later 1910s and 1920s.

[[File:Oanese blackbirding circa 1918.jpg||right|thumb|250px|Blackbirding was illegal but was a popular alternative to the slave-trade in the Morstaybishlian colonies as late as the 1930s. <br>Pictured: Oan peoples, with an overseer (background), on a sugar plantation, in New Pondsfort, [[Morstaybishlian West Pacific Territories|Morst West Pacific]], c. 1919.]]

====Norograd Secessionist Movements to the Auroran-Imperial War====

With the death of [[Thadeus I]] and the recession of Packilvania-Morstaybishlia relations, separatists in the Principality of Korstazia formed the Korstazian Republican Army and began attacking police stations and government buildings within the major cities in a minor bid to take control. In 1920, the armed forces were deployed to deal with the KRA and attacks ceased. This action was incredibly well publicised, and in the time afterwards socialist newspapers in the region became significantly more popular, especially those promoting anti-imperial Noroist socialism. By the turn of the decade, most separatist groups and militias had become Noroist.

In 1943, a small Noroist group known as the Jilkania Revolutionary Front launched a surprise attack on the Barque city council hall. They captured it swiftly and with little resistance, taking several hostages including the mayor of the city at the time, Ferdinand Smithson. Police were unable to safely retake the hall, coming under fire and threats that the hostages would be killed. The JRF demanded that Jilkaan be allowed to secede from the Empire as its own state, and encouraged other groups to take action against the regional authority. The stand off lasted a week before the first hostage was eventually killed. Soon after, the Morstaybishlian Armed Forces were sent in to retake the structure without killing the hostages. However, the JRF were warned of the attack beforehand and a major firefight emerged, with major casualties on both sides. The city hall was eventually retaken, though Ferdiand Smithson was shot several times and died of blood loss and internal bleeding whilst being transported to hospital. In the aftermath, Lord Nelson of Jilkaan decided to enhance police liberties when dealing with rebellion to prevent further need for the armed forces and to root out separatist groups in the region. King [[Thadeus II]] then extended this law to all of the Principality in 1945 due to the increased number of protests and riots.

By the late 1950's, the counterculture movement emerged across Aurora, and with it, and increased number of protests and riots within Korstazia, as well as the Emberwood and Quartz fern regions. Primarily Noroist socialist separatist groups became significantly more prolific, especially in higher education and universities. with the turn of the 60's, the largest underground Noroist resistance group, the Norogradian peoples liberation party, made links with the government of [[Ethalria]] and [http://nswiki.org/index.php?title=Cerdani_Democratic_Republic| East Cerdani]. This allowed them to begin stockpiling arms and manufactured weapons, as well as giving them the resources needed to semi-covertly begin manufacturing weapons of their own design by the end of the decade. When the Auroran Imperial War broke out, the NPLP organised soldiers across the principality, coordinating with other smaller groups, and soon after launched a coup of the regional government. Armed with a vast supply of arms, vehicles, ships, and aircraft, the NPLP successfully gained control of the Kormistazic principality within three days, announcing its independence as the republic of Norograd and joining Ethalria against the Morstaybishlian Empire. This was further solidified by the use of high yield thermobaric weaponry by the Royal Air Force during an NPLP assault on an army base, which killed many soldiers of both sides.

====From Succession to Union====

Years of tension between the central government and many local councils and authorities led to a snap referendum for independence at the end stages of the Auroran Imperial War. The legitimacy of the referendum was questioned, and on the 6th of June that year, the poll saw 54% of the population vote to the South Staynes Sucession Act of 1975. Greta Vardem was declared President and South Staynes declared independence as a sovereign state from Morstaybishlia. The initial first few weeks saw lots of infighting. Soldiers and people loyal to the Morstaybishlian Empire were told to leave, whilst politicians were given a week. Guerrilla infighting between Morstaybishlian loyalists and the new South Staynish Army ensued creating a large shift in the opinion polls of [[Galfridus]]. Thousands of people were killed in the streets. This gave Morstaybishlia yet another problem to add to their list. At the point of the referendum, the Auroran Imperial War had started a ceasefire period. Greta Vardem saw this time to establish a non-aggression pact with her Axis neighbours, as well as a reluctant Morstaybishlia.

After gaining independence, South Staynes struggled to find international recognition. Many other sovereign states declared the referendum was not legitimate and that Greta Vardem and Wince Lavin had collaborated to replace the throne with parliament. This resulted in many of the Empires' allies turning a blind eye to the situation; unable to find adequate reason to support either the Empire or South Staynes. Furthermore, Morstaybishlia did not recognise the new sovereign state. However, many opposing the Morstaybishlian Empire did. [[Norograd]] and [[Ethalria]] recognised the new state immediately and began their own relations with the country.

For the first few months, Greta Vardem made many decisions that would grow South Staynes as a power and which pushed themselves more onto the world stage. They signed recognition and alliances with many Auroran countries except Morstaybishlia. Under Greta Vardem, South Staynes' economy grew by a record breaking 4% in its first year.

=====Meremaa Civil War=====

On 15 April 1990, Grand Duke Telvi II of Meremaa ordered the military to fire at a labour strike organised by Democratic Socialist political organisations in the city of Morzk. Immediately after the actions ordered by Telvi II, Meremaan news outlets and papers began glorifying their leader and exerting an approach relating to their foreign policy which gave Prime Minister [[Robert Delari]] an unclear future for [[Dalmaghar]]. This concerned Robert Delari, who retaliated by condemning the actions of the Grand Duke. Meremaa declared their intentions to align further with [[Norgsveldet]] economically despite their independence less than a decade before.

Soon thereafter, Norgsveldet declared their intentions to back the Meremain government and send troops to reinforce the already strong Meremain forces. Over the next year, Morstaybishlia sent over 82,000 troops to the campaign. The Meremain forces were well dug in and the Morstaybishlian’s lost 12,481 men. A hopeful campaign on 21 February 1991 laid out a plan to wipe out one of the main entrances of Norgsveltian troops into Meremaa. Morstaybishlian saw a quick naval bombardment and subsequent attack of the city, but over an ensuing ten days was blocked by a fiercely dug in Meremain defence line. The battle lasted 26 days, until 19 March, where the Morstaybishlian forces retreated to Dalmaghar. It was during this retreat that the MBS ''Augustine'', the first ''Augustine''-class aircraft carrier completed two months before was sunk.

Parliament immediately motioned a vote of no confidence against Delari’s administration, and no less than two weeks later Morstaybishlia had a hung parliament. The [[MBE Conservatives|Conservative Party]] led by [[Rupert Sinkasa]] formed a confidence-and-supply coalition government with the [[MBE Liberals|Liberal Party]]. His party promised to end the war, but the Liberals, their only feasible coalition partner, would go on to make that reality very difficult. Through votes in government, the Liberals denied Conservative majorities on de-escalation.

===21st century===

====Acts of Union====

Justelvard faced continuous trouble with a language and cultural divide since it was colonised in the early 17th century. Justelard, who seceded from Morstaybishlia upon the closure of the Auroran Imperial War was bound by the Port Makuh Agreement, signed by former Prime Minister [[Delores Gastrell]] and the first Prime Minister of Justelvard Jamesina Sefera, which stated that "if at any stage it is clear that a majority of constituencies in Justelvard hold pro-Morstaybishlian seats, then a referendum for Morstaybishlian reunification would be considered" and that, under these terms, "a Morstaybishlian reunification would see Justelvard become a functioning member state of Great Morstaybishlia as opposed to territory of the crown". After the 2014 Justelvard General Election, the new Prime Minister Wiley Gordwin was elected but led a minority government, his opposition could not form a government but which formed for the first time a majority for pro-Morstaybishlia. Gordwin controversially ignored this clause in the Port Makuh Agreement, and had a huge backlash from politicians and the general public. At the time, Gordwins' opinion polls dropped to 23 percent, the lowest of any Justelvardic Prime Ministers ever. A general election was called after a vote of no confidence. The Liberal League of Justelvard lost ten seats in the 2015 Justelvard General Election and the Justelvardic Unionist Party was voted in. His successor, and the new Prime Minister [[Arran Samsey]], held a referendum on 16 December 2015 which saw a 65 percent vote for Morstaybishlian reunification, though no constituency in the Western Outliers voted to leave. Samsey flew to Sani Bursil on as many as eleven occasions to discuss with [[Walter Johannes]] an agreement. One year later to the day, on 16 December 2016, the United Kingdom of Great Morstaybishlia and Justelvard came into being, the result of Acts of Union being passed by the parliaments of Great Morstaybishlia and Justelvard and so unite the two kingdoms.

On 10 July 2020 Great Morstaybishlia hosted a conference of nation states involved in the Puntalian Crisis. The 2020 PCT Sani Bursil Summit saw the end of hostilities from Rodenia, the NSTO and UCA with the Puntalian Cooperation Council (PCC) erected to maintain the clauses of the [[Puntalian Compromise Treaty]]. In accordance to the clauses laid out in the treaty, Great Morstaybishlia and Packilvania ended its maritime occupation and blockade to prevent an outbreak of war between nations involved. Great Morstaybishlia was a listed member of the Puntalian Cooperation Council and will lead in the establishment of PCC military installations in both New Puntalia and Puntalia.

Terrorists co-ordinated two attacks that took place on 24 July 2020 in Barbarus and Jomsgord Provinces, Caltharus, Great Morstaybishlia. Beginning at 08:36, one Khadgar tank operated by terrorists alongside 37 terrorists shot and blew up the side of the Barbarus police headquarters building before committing a mass shooting. At 9:06 another tank and gunmen committed a second mass shooting on the Khauser police headquarters. Both mass shootings resulted in a standoff with police. 67 civilians were killed and another 71 injured. 67 of the suspected 81 attackers were killed. Since the attacks, nobody has taken responsibility. Prime Minister Franklin Barvata initiated a state of emergency which was declared across Great Morstaybishlia to help fight terrorism, involving the banning of public demonstrations, and allowing the police to carry out searches without a warrant, put anyone under house arrest without trial and block websites that encouraged acts of terrorism. Calthia, Laulia, Aurus, Barbarus, Jomsgord provinces of Caltharus were put on Black Alert with a curfew of 21:00, football matches and pubs were also closed and non-essential travel became prohibited. The [[July 2020 Caltharus attacks]] were the deadliest in Great Morstaybishlia since the Auroran Imperial War.

== Geography ==

Great Morstaybishlia has an area of 5,940,250km² (or 2,293,542 square miles). The mainland part of Great Morstaybishlia is made up of Staynes, Caltharus and South Staynes which are collectively referred to as Morstaybishlia. Justelvard is an archipelago located in the Caven Sea that forms the metropolitan part of the Great Morstaybishlia along with Morstaybishlia. This article will refer to the metropolitan part of the MBE unless it specifically refers to one, some or all of its numerous overseas territories.

Great Morstaybishlia is the third biggest nation and largest transcontinental empire on Urth. At its height, it was the largest nation on the planet, with an empire that comprised what currently forms the [[Kuthernburg]] Commonwealth, most of the [[Gordic Council]] and other territories. It is currently the second largest country on the planet. It has a diverse range of ecosystems. Its metropolitan area goes through five timezones.

The average elevation is 845 m (or 2772 ft). The highest elevation is the summit of [[Zycannes#Mount Kersivius|Mount Kersivius]] which is 7,405 m (or 24,294 ft). The lowest elevation is the Nepiditras Depression in Caltharus (at 79 m below sea level). The longest river is Stayn River with a length of 5,216 km (or 3241 miles). The largest lake by surface area is Morsa Lake with an area of 129,850 km² (or 50,135 square miles). It is the second largest lake by surface area on [[Urth]].

Much of the Horkalic, and some of the Redrugan Provinces make up the Horkalic Basin; a large shallow inland sea. If present today, it would completely isolate over half of Horkalo from continental Aurora. Today though it acts as a drainage basin for multiple large rivers including the longest Staynish river the Anker to the West Sea. The Staynish interior including the Horkalic Basin also has areas of seasonal wetlands and large deposits of crude oil from ancient marine organisms of the former Maltervenic Sea. The northern regions of the basin, and a large part of the north-west coast are made of mangrove swamps.

The [[Zycannes]] is one of the worlds largest mountain ranges by area, the largest on [[Aurora]], and is the worlds longest. The mountains form the natural border between several nations, including Staynes and South Staynes to an extent. Staynes and a small region of South Staynes that is north of the mountain range is on the windward side and sees luscious vegetative growth whilst South Staynes is on the leeward side and is a long belt hot semi-arid land which makes up the Sperran Desert. There are two mountain ranges adjacent to the Zycannes; the Burren mountains and the Oesan mountains. Between the Burren and Zycannes there's a [[wikipedia:Semi-arid climate|semi-arid]] region known as the Jersian Desert and between the Oesan and Zycannes there's a small semi-arid region called the Oeser Desert.

===Flora===

[[File:VanHornTX 2008.jpg|right|thumb|220px|Typical shrubland in the Sperran Desert.]]

Metropolitan Morstaybishlia is divided into three regions that vary dramatically in climate and soils, though it is largely temperate, oceanic, monsoon and semi-arid; these regions are divided by the Zycannes which due to the tundra climate is widely inhospitable, though the wetlands and foothills host over 20 percent of all Morstaybishlian flora species, including 411 [[Wikipedia:Flowering plant|angiosperm]], 5 [[Wikipedia:Gymnosperm|gymnosperm]] and 15 [[Wikipedia:Fern|fern]] species.

[[File:Maple tree of MORST.jpg|left|thumb|220px|Maple tree, the national tree of Morstaybishlia.]]

The rest of Morstia is typically inhabited by deciduous forest, plains and moorland with a diverse pattern of vegetation. As with most of Aurora, prehistoric Morstaybishlia was covered with forest and swamp. Clearing began around 5,000 BCE and accelerated in medieval times. Despite this, Morstaybishlia retained its primeval forests and evergreen rainforest longer than most of Aurora due to its size, and wood shortages were not a problem until the 17th century. By the 18th century, around 50 percent of Morstaybishlian forests were consumed for shipbuilding or manufacturing charcoal and the nation was forced to import lumber from Arcturia. Today, most forest land in Morstaybishlia is maintained by state forestation programmes. Almost all land outside urban areas is farmland. However, relatively large areas of forest remain in north and south-west Staynes, north Caltharus and south-eastern South Staynes. The most common trees in Morstaybishlia are beech, silver birch, elm and pedunculate oak. Natural forests in Morstaybishlia consist mainly of Maple or Oak. Farmland hosts a variety of semi-natural vegetation of grasses and flowering plants. Woods, hedgerows, mountain slopes and marshes host heather, wild grasses, gorse and bracken. Morstaybishlia has several national flowers, including the Hydrangea, Daffodil and the Morst Rose.

With almost a thousand species, of which roughly ⅔ are endemic to the region, the Zycannes are the most important region in the world for amphibians. The diversity of animals in the Zycannes is high, with almost 650 species of mammals (15 percent endemic), more than 1,800 species of bird (about 30 percent endemic), more than 650 species of reptiles (about 48 percent endemic) and 420 species of fish (around 35 percent endemic).

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=== Climate ===

Great Morstaybishlia has a climate that varies. Most of Morstaybishlia is temperate, with plentiful rainfall all year round. The temperature varies with the seasons seldom dropping below −5 °C (23 °F) or rising to 42 °C (107.6 °F) in the north, and dropping below -15 °C (5 °F) or rising to 24 °C (75.2 °F) in the south. The southern regions of South Staynes often has prevailing winds which bears frequent spells of mild and wet weather from the Azure Sea, although the northern parts are mostly sheltered from this wind since the majority of the rain falls over the southern regions and therefore the midland regions including the Sperran Desert are the driest. Packilvanian currents, warmed by the Oceanus Stream, bring mild winters; especially in the west where winters are dry. Summers are warmest in the north of Morstaybishlia being closest to the tropics but also in the several deserts within the rain shadow of the Zycannes, and coolest in the south. Heavy snowfall can occur more southerly in winter and early spring on high ground, and occasionally settles to great depth away from the hills.

In most of the Flizon Jungle and parts of the Jubrione, there is no dry season. The Flizon has an average precipitation value of at least 60 mm (2.4 in) per month whilst the Jubrione has around 304 mm (12 in) per month. Tropical rainforests and tropical evergreen rainforests have no summer or winter; it is typically hot and wet throughout the year and rainfall is both heavy and frequent and in the Jubrione very unpredictable. One day in these climates can be very similar to the next, while the change in temperature between day and night may be larger than the average change in temperature during the year. The Jubrione is considerably temperate, between 16 °C and 22 °C or 60.8 °F and 73 °F degrees. The northern Jubrione coast is the hottest, at an average of 23 °C. The Jubrione maintains annual humidity levels of 77%. The Flizon Jungle in Justelvard maintains an average heat of 28 °C and annual humidity levels between 78% and 80%.

The location of the Zycannes, as well as the great variations in their elevations and exposure, give rise to very large differences in climate, not only among separate ranges but also within a particular range itself. Because of their central location in Aurora, the Zycannes are affected by four main climatic influences: from the north and west flows the relatively mild, moist air of the Packilvanian; cool or cold polar air descends from southwestern Aurora; continental air masses, cold and dry in winter and hot in summer, dominate in the east; and, to the south, dry Azure air flows northward. The average temperature in the foothills of the Zycannes is around 13 °C to 18 °C.

The position of [[wikipedia:Prime Minister|prime minister]] is the head of government of Great Morstaybishlia. The position belongs to the person most likely to command the confidence of the House of Representatives; this individual is typically the leader of the political party or coalition of parties that holds the largest number of seats in that chamber. By convention, the monarch respects the prime minister's decisions of government.

The cabinet is drawn from members of the prime minister's party or coalition and mostly from the House of Representatives but always from both legislative houses, the cabinet being responsible for both. The work is divided according to topics called portfolios occupied by Ministers of the Crown. Other executive officials may attend cabinet meetings but may not vote. Executive power is exercised by the prime minister and cabinet, all of who are sworn into the Privy Council of Great Morstaybishlia, and become Ministers of the Crown. The current Prime Minister is [[Franklin Barvata]] who has held office since 27 February 2019. Barvata is also the leader of the [[MBE Labour|Labour Party]]. For elections to the House of Representatives, the MBE is divided into 1,794 constituencies, each electing a single member of parliament (MP) by [[wikipedia:plurality voting|simple plurality]]. General elections are called by the monarch when the prime minister so advises. The Fixed-tern Parliaments Act 1946 required that a new election must be called no later than seven years after the previous general election.

The government is heavily centralised in [[Sani Bursil]] and handles matters such as defence, currency, trade, treaties, property rights, public health care, education, and land management. Territorial governments such as [[Louzaria]] and [[Joralesia]] are restricted to issues such as housing, water, power, sanitation and local roads. The national government has a large degree of control over their internal affairs.

==== History of constituencies ====

In 1917, Morstaybishlia converted from absolutism to parliamentary democracy and the first mention of constituencies were made. After the Great War, Morstaybishlia's territory looked very different; [[Axdel]], [[Lyrevale]] and [[Emberwood Coast]] were apart of the Empire, whilst the lands east of the Ider River in Caltharus weren't. The Constituency Administration Committee were established to draw up the first constituency maps. The first iteration in 1917 had 1,214 constituencies and gave the Principality of Norograd representation for the first time under the Morstaybishlian Empire with 170 seats. During the interwar period the constituencies remained unchanged until 1975 when the Norogradian Principality gained independence as [[Norograd]] and the land east of the Ider River came back under control of Morstaybishlia. The Constituency Administration Committee was re-established and produced a second map that overhauled most of the work from the first, producing 1,742 constituencies. This remained until the Acts of Union of Great Morstaybishlia and Justelvard which saw 52 new constituencies added to make the final iteration of 1,794.

[[File:Tempestjet.jpeg|left|thumb|175px|The A-121 Rook is a sixth-generation stealth fighter aircraft which entered service in 2014.]]

[[File:RSNV Superior.jpg|right|thumb|175px|MBS ''Superior'', painted in 1805, is the Flagship of the First Sea Lord. It is the longest serving naval vessel being commissioned in 1775.]]

''The Royal Armed Forces of the Empire'' (''RAFOTE''), also known as ''His Majesty's Armed Forces'' (''HM's Armed Forces''), ''Morstaybishlian Armed Forces'' and the ''MBE Armed Forces'' form the military of the MBE and its Oversea Territories. They are made up of three branches: the Navy, Army and Air Force. The forces are managed by the Ministry of Defence and controlled by the Defence Council, chaired by the Secretary of State for Defence; currently Mikhail Sankuda. The Commander-in-Chief is the Morstaybishlian monarch, to whom members of the forces swear an oath of allegiance. The Armed Forces are charged with protecting Great Morstaybishlia and its overseas territories, promoting Great Morstaybishlia's global security interests and supporting international peacekeeping efforts. They are active and regular participants in the UNAC Defence Force. Overseas garrisons and facilities are maintained in [[Packilvania]], [[Blueacia]], [[Kuthernburg]], [[Axdel]], Mexregiona, [[Lokania]], [[South Yor|Yor]], [[Nacata]] and [[Atiland]], as well as in Overseas Territories of [[New Calth]], [[Louzaria]], [[Joralesia]], the Inuit Isles, [[Frorkstolm]], the [[Morstaybishlian West Pacific Territories]], [[Detention Island]], [[Rosamund Island]], [[Dalmaghar]], New Celidizia and Neptentia Island. The Morstaybishlian armed forces played a key role in establishing the Morstaybishlian Empire as the dominant world power in the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries. By emerging victorious from conflicts, Morstaybishlia has often been able to decisively influence world events. Since the comedown of the Morstaybishlian Empire, Great Morstaybishlia has remained a major military power.

== Economy ==

===Overview===

Great Morstaybishlia has a partially regulated market economy. Based on market exchange rates, Great Morstaybishlia is today the largest economy in the world. HM Treasury, led by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, is responsible for developing and executing the government's public finance policy and economic policy. The [[Kirib]], which is the legal tender, originated in Great Morstaybishlia. Historically, the Kirib was issued by the Bank of Staynes in Sani Bursil, Staynes, but is presently issued by the [[Auroran Central Bank]] in Tarov, [[Tivot]], printed by the Staynish Bank Note Company and minted by the Royal Staynish Mint. The Bank of Staynes is the MBE's central bank and continues to act as a [[Wikipedia:Central bank|central bank]] in other respects such as regulating the banking sector, acting as a lender to banks and managing the nation's gold reserves. Great Morstaybishlia has gold reserves of 172 billion KRB.

The Kirib is the world's second-largest reserve currency (after the SH Dollar). Since 1995 the Bank of Staynes' Monetary Policy Committee, headed by the Governor of the Bank of Staynes, has been responsible for setting interest rates at the level necessary to achieve the overall inflation target for the economy that is set by the Chancellor each year.

===Transport===

The railway network of Morstaybishlia, which as of 2019 stretches 265,847 kilometres (165,190 mi) is the most extensive in Aurora. The rail network was privatised between 2005 and 2009, which was followed by a rapid rise in passenger numbers following years of decline, although the factors behind this are disputed. There's 3,945 kilometers (2,451 mi) of rail network in Justelvard and railways in Justelvard are operated by JV Railways, a subsidiary of state-owned TrainLink. High-speed trains include the Aurostar, the BURAET and Ethaline trains, which travels at 320 km/h (199 mph) in commercial use. Since privatization in 2005 to 2009, dozens of Staynish railway companies compete in regional and local passenger transportation markets. Some 300 high-speed bullet trains connect major cities and these trains are known for their safety and punctuality. Great Morstaybishlia also has the LOOP, a hyperlink trainline that connects across Aurora and is the largest continuous train line ever built.

The Aurostar runs all across Aurora; BURAET literally means ''Bur''sil to ''Aet''ernum and connects the two capitals whilst also travelling through other major conurbations. Rail connections exist to all other neighboring countries in Aurora, except Dragonia. Intra-urban connections are also well developed with both underground services (Sani Bursil, Redrugus, Kirdintayos, Aeternum, Lambertupol, Fort Jubrayn) and tramway services (Sani Bursil, Eskrador, Valeron, Imbazdu, Kasidura and others) complementing bus services.

There are approximately 9,265,190 kilometres (5,757,122 mi) of serviceable roadway in Morstaybishlia, ranking it the most extensive network in the world. The Sani Bursil region is enveloped with the most dense network of roads and highways that connect it with virtually all parts of the country. Morstaybishlian roads also handle substantial international traffic, connecting with cities in neighboring North Ethalria, Durentrus, Sarentria, Tivot, Volova, Tuvaltastan, Valerica, Rosalica and Asilica. The MBE has an annual motoring taxation; however, most motorways are free to use. The new car market is dominated by domestic brands such as Audelli (18% of cars sold in Morstaybishlia in 2010), Kentora (17.5%) and Mambeck (15.2%). Over 65% of new cars sold in 2013 had diesel engines, far more than contained petrol or LPG engines.

===Languages===

Great Morstaybishlia's de facto official language is Staynish and Calth. As a first language, it is estimated that 90.7 percent of the MBE's population speak Staynish, whilst 3.5 percent speak Ethalrian, 3 percent speak Calth, 0.7 percent speaks Horkalic, 0.7 percent speaks Salovian, 0.3 percent speak Axdelian and 1.1 percent speak other languages as a first language.

===Literature===

The earliest Morstaybishlian literature dates from the early Middle Ages during the [[Staynes#Second Interregnum Period|Second Interregnum Period]], when what is now known as modern Staynes did not have a single, uniform language. There was several languages and dialects, and writers used their own spelling and grammar. During the Middle Staynish language period, most literature was written in the same language except for splinter dialects in what is now Horkalo and South Staynes.

===Music===

Throughout its history, Great Morstaybishlia has been a major producer and source of musical creation, drawing its artistic basis from the wealth of music from many cultures across the four constituent countries.

===Cuisine===

Morstaybishlian cuisine is the heritage of cooking traditions and practices associated with Great Morstaybishlia. Although Morstaybishlia has a rich indigenous culinary tradition, its colonial history has profoundly enriched its native cooking traditions. Morst cuisine absorbed the cultural influences of its post-colonial territories – in particular those of the Concordian Ocean area.

Some traditional meals, such as bread and cheese, roasted and stewed meats, meat and game pies, boiled vegetables and broths, fruit pies, and freshwater and saltwater fish have ancient origins.

Morstaybishlian cooking has been influenced by foreign ingredients and cooking styles since the Middle Ages. [[wikipedia:Squid sandwich|Squid baguettes]] (formerly known as ''squid breads'') were introduced from [[New Leganes]] and adapted to Morst tastes from the eighteenth century. [[Tavaris|Tavari]] cuisine influenced Morst recipes throughout the late 17th and early 18th centuries, most notably [[wikipedia:Ceviche#Preparation and variants|Sevišala]]. After the rationing of the [[Great War]], Packilvanian cuisine became heavily popular, featuring meals which mainly featured rice with easy to cultivate root vegetables and pea variants. Another popular Packilvanian dish was [[wikipedia:Tajine|Tajine]] when meats became more easily available.

Some of the most popular savoury dishes that originated from Great Morstaybishlia include [[wikipedia:Sausage Toad|Sausage toad]] (''Frog in the Pit''), Roast Lamb with roast roots and coriander, [[wikipedia:Pasty|Pasty]], and pies of all sorts, including but not limited to [[wikipedia:Chicken and mushroom pie|Chicken and mushroom pie]], [[wikipedia:Steak and kidney pie|Steak and kidney pie]], [[wikipedia:Fish_pie#Royal fish pie|Fish pie]] and [[wikipedia:Shepherd's pie|Morst pie]].