Great Morstaybishlia: Difference between revisions
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[[Category: Dylan's links]] [[Category: Urth]] [[Category: Nations]] [[category: Aurora]]
{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name =
| common_name = Great Morstaybishlia
| image_flag = Newest Morst Flag (2023).png
| flag_caption = [[Wikipedia:Flag|Flag]]
| other_symbol = [[File:Coat of arms of MBE.png|50px]]
| other_symbol_type = Royal coat of arms:
| national_motto =
| national_anthem = [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ErVKHFG70Bs ''"March of the Fatherland"'']
| image_map = {{Switcher| [[File:MBE on a globe (svg to png exported; shrank for tepwiki compatability).png|300px|frameless]] | Show globe| [[File:2024 Map of Great Morstaybishlia.png|300px|frameless]]
| Show map of Aurora| [[File:Great Morstaybishlia and Overseas Territories 2024 for wiki.png|300px|frameless]]| Show overseas territories and Crown dependencies|default=1}}
|
| alt_map =
| map_caption =
| image_map2 =
| alt_map2 =
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| largest_city = [[Sani Bursil]]
| languages_type = Official languages
| languages = [[wikipedia:English language|Staynish]] <br /> [[wikipedia:Breton language|
| languages2_type = Recognised regional <br /> languages
| languages2 = <br />
| membership = [[Staynes]] <br /> [[
| membership_type = Countries of Great Morstaybishlia
| ethnic_groups =
| ethnic_groups_year =
| religion = {{Unbulleted list |item_style=white-space:nowrap;
| 65.2% [[Thaerism]]
| 20.8% No religion
| 4% [[Paxism]]
| 3.2% [[Akronism]]
| 0.6% Varism
| 0.4% [[Ulvriktru]]
| 0.2% [[Ademarism]]
| 0.3% Other
| 5.4% No answer
}}
| religion_year = 2019
| demonym = Morst, Morstaybishlian
| government_type = [[wikipedia:Federation|Federal]] [[wikipedia:Parliamentary system|parliamentary]] [[wikipedia:Constitutional monarchy|Constitutional monarchy]]
| leader_title1 = [[
| leader_name1 = [[Lambertus VII]]
| leader_title2 = [[
| leader_name2 = [[Franklin Barvata]]
| leader_title3 =
| leader_name3 =
| legislature = [[
| upper_house =
| lower_house =
| established_event1 = [[
| established_date1 = 1515
| established_event2 =
| established_date2 = 1575
| established_event3 = Secession of
| established_date3 = 1970
| established_event4 =
| established_date4 =
| established_event5 =
| established_date5 =
| established_event6 =
| established_date6 =
| area_km2 =
| area_sq_mi =
| population_estimate =
| population_estimate_year =
| population_census = {{increase}}
| population_census_year =
| population_density_km2 =
| population_density_sq_mi =
| GDP_nominal = {{increase}}
| GDP_nominal_year =
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $
| Gini = 0.
| Gini_year =
| HDI_year = 2018
| HDI = 0.
| HDI_change = {{increase}}
| currency = [[Kirib]]
| currency_code = ♅/KRB
| time_zone = Toransloe Mean <br />Time
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| utc_offset_DST = +7 to +11
| time_zone_DST = Morstaybishlian Summer Time
| date_format =
| drives_on = The left
| calling_code = +75
| cctld = .MB
| iso3166code =
| area_rank = 3rd
| GDP_PPP =
| GDP_PPP_year =
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}}
The '''
Great Morstaybishlia is a [[wikipedia:Constitutional monarchy|constitutional monarchy]] with a two-House parliament system. The current monarch is [[Lambertus VII|King Lambertus VII]], who has reigned since 1991 and the heir apparent is [[Princess
The relationships among the countries of the Great Morstaybishlia have changed over time. In 1515, [[Lambertus III]] [[Battle for Caltharus 1515|united the thrones of Staynes and
Great Morstaybishlia has the world's largest economy by nominal gross domestic product (GDP), and the second-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). It has a relatively high-income economy and a very high human development index rating, ranking 6th in the world. It was the world's first industrialised country and the world's foremost power during the 19th and early 20th centuries, competing in the Auroran Space Race and beating [[Ethalria (Grand Matriarchy)|Ethalria]] and [[Salovia]] by landing four men on [[Olune]] in 1968. The MBE remains a superpower, with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally. It is a recognised nuclear weapons state and is first in military expenditure in the world.
Great Morstaybishlia has been a member state of the [[United Nations of the Auroran Continent]] since its formation in 2017; the successor union to both the [http://nswiki.org/index.php?title=Auroran_Continental_Assembly| Auroran Continental Assembly], where the MBE was a member state, and the [http://nswiki.org/index.php?title=Auroran_Union| Auroran Union]. The MBE's council representative of the UNAC is [[Fischan Rhye]] who was appointed in December 2017. Great Morstaybishlia is also a member state of [[IRSA]], the [[Morstaybishlian Economic Sphere]] and Morstaybishlian Commonwealth
== Etymology and terminology ==
The word Morstaybishlia derives from an amalgamation of Morsa Lake, Staynes and the Bishlans. It is often misinterpreted for "More Staynes and the Bishlans". The true meaning of the name Morstaybishlia can be read from the founding documents of 1515 where is it described as "The Staynish people whom control the heart of the continent Morsa Lake; unionised with the [[Bishlan]] cultures of the east."; though Bishlan was latinised to Bishlia in the shortened form name Morstaybishlia. Bishlan derives from the [[Wikipedia:Breton language|
The 2016 Acts of Union declared that the kingdoms of Great Morstaybishlia and
Although Great Morstaybishlia as a sovereign state is a country; Staynes,
The term "MBE" was a historic acronym for the Morstaybishlian Empire, though today it is more commonly synonymous with Great Morstaybishlia. MBE is the standard country codes for Great Morstaybishlia and are consequently used by international organisations to refer to Great Morstaybishlia, replacing GM in 1959. Additionally, Great Morstaybishlia's Olympic team competes under the name "Great Morstaybishlia" or "Team MBE".
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The term "Morstaybishlian Empire", in politics, is used to describe Great Morstaybishlia and all Overseas Territories.
The adjective "Morstaybishlian" is commonly used to refer to matters relating to Great Morstaybishlia and rarely as a synonym for Great Morstaybishlia. The term has no definite legal connotation, but is used in law to refer to Great Morstaybishlia citizenship and matters to do with nationality. People of Great Morstaybishlia use a number of different terms to describe their national identity and may identify themselves as being Staynish,
After the Union of the Thrones in 1515, the two kingdoms were briefly known as the "United Kingdom of Staynes and
The Acts of Union 1977 decreed the
The Acts of Union 2016 decreed the
In 2017, a new design of Morstaybishlian passport was introduced. Its first page shows the long form name of the state in Staynish,
==History==
===Before the Union of the Thrones===
There is evidence to suggest that Morstaybishlia has been settled by sentient, anatomically modern [[Cava|cava]] for nearly a million years, arriving from central Aurora where they evolved from a member of the [[Wikipedia:Dromaeosauridae|Dromaeosauridae]] clade of dinosaurs. These tribes were [[Wikipedia:Hunter-gatherer|hunter-gatherers]], in some cases exhibiting crude [[Wikipedia:Metalworking|metalworking]] as early as 40 Kya, such as gold artefacts found in the Avankad burial chamber and tin finds elsewhere. The metal would have been [[Wikipedia:Native metal|found in nature]] without the need for [[Wikipedia:Smelting|smelting]], and shaped into the desired form using hot and cold hammering without chemical alteration or [[Wikipedia:Alloy|alloying]]. There has been no evidence pointing to the use of melting, smelting and casting in this era of prehistoric Morstaybishlia.
[[File:Three_Sisters_companion_planting_technique.jpg|left|thumb|250px|The [[Wikipedia:Three Sisters (agriculture)|Three Sisters]] agricultural technique where maize, climbing beans, and winter squash are planted together.]]
Evidence for agriculture emerged in Aurora around 8000 BCE in what is now the eastern bank of [[Morsa Lake]], and spread through Northern Aurora to what is today the western coast of Staynes and the [[Aberbish]] in eastern Kaltariezh. [[Wikipedia:Vicia ervilia|Vicia ervilia]] was domesticated into ervil around 7000 BCE on the banks of the Aberbish, along with some [[Wikipedia:List of root vegetables|root vegetables]]. The [[Wikipedia:Bos primigenius|Auroran auroch]] were domesticated into [[Wikipedia:Cattle|cattle]] in the areas of modern Morstaybishlia around the same time. The [[Wikipedia:Three Sisters (agriculture)|Three Sisters]] cultivation of [[Wikipedia:Cucurbita|squash]], [[Wikipedia:Bean|beans]] and [[Wikipedia:Maize|maize]] were discovered in the Kuthern River Valley from 5000 BCE, replacing the older cultivation of several plants.
The start of of the early [[Wikipedia:Bronze Age|Auroran Bronze Age]], from c. 4000 BCE, saw the rise of ancient Toransla, the first agricultural-based civilisation in Morstaybishlia. By the turn of the 3rd millennium BCE other civilisations had spawned, such as Kutha and Morsa in west Staynes and west Kaltariezh respectively. These cava civilisations thrived for a thousand years, growing in size as evidenced by the rapid increase of [[Wikipedia:Methane emissions|methane emissions]] from cattle. They developed [[Wikipedia:Metallurgy|metallurgy]] techniques, developed their own scripts and kept historical records, including the mention of trade with other early settlements which archaeology have yet to find. The prevalence of [[Usprian languages|Proto-Usprian]] across northern Aurora, and matching jewellery styles discovered in the Morsa civilisation and in [[Dewnania#Pre-Great Vanishing civilisation|ancient Dewnan]] indicate that these civilisations traded with the wider ancient Usprian world. [[File:Eljuedh_bust.png|right|thumb|225px|Terracotta bust of King Eljuedh in the Synta Berlewan Cultural History Museum, taken from his burial chamber in Synt Jowan.]]
The [[Great Vanishing]] around the beginning of the 2nd millennium BCE led to a [[Wikipedia:Population bottleneck|population bottleneck]] and civilisational collapse across Aurora, including ancient Toransla, the Kutha and the Morsa civilisations. The cava populations did not recover to significant levels for hundreds of years in Morstaybishlia and the wider continent. The Proto-Usprian language diverged in the successive millennia because of geographic and economic isolation. Elves began migrating from eastern Aurora in the later half of the 2nd millennium, co-existing with cava.
The discovery of King Eljuedh’s burial chamber in Synt Jowan mapped out the previously scarcely-known [[Dewnania#Bishec civilisation|Bishec States]] to historians. It was the first post-Great Vanishing civilisation within Morstaybishlia, a dominion of elf and cava that straddled the northern coast of the Aberbish over twelve city states. The Bishec Tablet noted Eljuedh was elected in the 4th century BCE as their ‘king of kings’ and was a reclaimer of lost territory, suggesting the Bishec States had an understanding of civilisation before the Great Vanishing. The Bishec States played an important role in forming the foundations of what would become the Kaltariz and Terghyntow civilisations. [[Gadelthene]], formed in the 21st century BCE in ancient Ethalria, was the primary religion in the Bishec States and across much of northern Aurora. The king was buried with ornamental vases depicting Gadelthenian symbology. Scrolls uncovered in the Bockyas Caves near Draouenngwenstrobinellourkastel dated to the 2nd century CE detail Gadelthene mathematics, cartography and astrological understanding, referencing several Gadelthene sects, including one in the ‘’Kultouar’’ civilisation.
[[File:Queen_Impelanza_III_bust.jpg|left|thumb|250px|A bust of Queen Impelanta III in the Fort Staynes History Museum. Impelanta III is the most important symbolic figure of [[Tunseism]], which was introduced to Aurora over two thousand years ago.]]
The [[Peragen#Impelanza|Impelanzan Empire]] explored and settled on the shores of northwest Staynes in the 1st century BCE to mine for metals, most notably tin, forming Estenes de la Aurora, (literally ‘’Tinlands of the Sunrise’’ in [[Impelanzan]]). They brought with them [[Tunseism]] and the first human settler population to western Aurora. At this time, isolated Malterva cultures speaking descendent languages of Proto-Usprian established their own civilisations: Dumnowes developed in northwest Staynes, Toransla developed in west Valeria and Rombarow developed in the Staynish interior. In 512, the VEI 8 [[Toré eruption]] destroyed Impelanza and plunged the world into global volcanic winter. Following a year of famine and hardship, the Staynish Revolution in 513 overthrew the Impelanzan colonial elite and installed Alzar I as the first King of the Staynish (a demonym in [[Wikipedia:Old English|Old Staynish]] derived from Estenes). The [[Thaerism|Thaerist]] sect of Tunseism worked with Alzar in supporting one another to power. Alzar converted to Thaerism, the religion of all successive Staynish and Morstaybishlian kings and queens to date. In the successive centuries, Staynes warred against surrounding kingdoms for land, including against the Kingdom of Toransla, which they nearly completely assimilated by the 9th century; and the Kingdom of Rombar, which they assimilated after the siege of Sannedh Bursil in the 10th century. The Toranslic language survived until the 15th century in isolated communities in the Zycannes.
The Bishec States expanded and contracted several times in the first millennia CE, eventually absorbing the Kultouar civilisation. A period of unification in the 11th century formed modern Kaltariezh. Even as far east as Ar Kabdubec, the cava and elvish populations were outcompeted by human descendents of Estenes. Humans came to dominate much of north Aurora, in part from having a high birth rate and also from [[Wikipedia:Feudalism|feudal practices]]. The ancient cavan Hendra family, the last non-human dynasty of Kaltariezh, died out in the mid 13th century. [[File:Lambertus and Azenor 1505.png|right|thumb|250px|Lambertus III and Azenor II in 1505. Painting by Fulup Sallow, c.1829.]]
The Staynish-Kaltariz War in the mid 14th century fixed the border of the two nations at the Caldu River, whereas before there were encampments by the Kaltariz on the Staynish side and vice versa. The Kaltariz began overseas trading expeditions in the 14th century, establishing trading towns Jusdelva and in southeastern Arcturia. By the 15th century it had formed the Kaltariz Empire, making a more permanent settlement in southern Jusdelva and annexing the Inizi Reterdelien, the Necraties and Eskomia. The Staynish followed this trend of maritime exploration and established their own settlements in eastern Arcturia in the mid 15th century, and defeated the Kaltariz encampments on both Necraties and Eskomia, claiming it as their own. The Staynish thus formed their own empire, that before the Union of the Thrones had actually established its first colonies: Rodenia and Lokania, though by comparison to today's borders, these colonies were about five times smaller. In 1482, Lambertus III of Staynes ended eighty years of the Dergart dynasty and claimed the throne. The death of the cava King Crago V marked the last time a non-human dynasty would rule over the Staynish. At 39 years old and having lost three wives to childbirth (and their children), King Lambertus III of Staynes married a contestant of the Kaltariz throne during its civil war in 1501; Azenor Cadoret. Joining forces against Azenor’s uncle Kirus Cadoret, Lambertus slew him in single combat at the Battle of Rouekador in 1505. The Staynish and Kaltariz thrones were politically unified in 1515, forming Morstaybishlia.
===Western Auroran Crusades===
===Taking over Kormistazic Arcturia===
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After successfully beating the [[Ethalria (Grand Matriarchy)|Ethalrian Empire]] over Gronmund Port, Morstaybishlian influence would begin to soar over the lands which made up
Upon the ascension of [[Florence I]], the oppressed peoples of [[South Peragen]] began to prefer the idea of Morstaybishlian intervention in the Concordian Ocean, which would upset the powerful influence the Commonwealth held on the nation. With more trading aligned to the Morstaybishlian Empire, South Peragen became a wealthier trade hub; and in 1629 the aristocracies of South Peragen started a revolt against the Commonwealth, which was supported by the Erranzan separatists and the Morstaybishlians. A three year war passed, after which South Peragen won and gained independence in 1632, and with Commonwealth forces retracted, the Empire sought to expand their influence into the prosperous South Concordian Ocean.
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Morstaybishlia send aid, setting out a clear set of objectives to conquer its first territory in the South Concordian Ocean, and the Shonerian leaders accepted Morstaybishlian occupation. Commonwealth forces had been stretched thin because of the repression in its empire, reached and were victorious over the current occupation. Morstaybishlia retaliated by sending a blockade to the capital Privétia. Morstaybishlia rallied the support of South Peragen and more of their own forces for a full scale invasion of New Leganés, but the Commonwealth occupation of Shoneria retreated to defend their homeland, effectively leaving Shoneria to Morstaybishlia. The Commonwealth had a narrow victory against the coalition of Morstaybishlia and South Peragen, but the Commonwealth had suffered a long siege and suffered extensive damage. Six years of wars over the seas and the Commonwealth ensued, and fearing losing their autonomy, Queen Cristalina IV began negotiations with their enemies and in 1641 the Treaty of Arsal was signed and ratified by the three independent nations. The treaty saw Morstaybishlia take control of the already occupied Shoneria and also control over Oblivion Islands, as well as the Commonwealth dissolved so that the queen would retain power in the New Leganés and retain great trade and a presence of exploitation within the South Concordian Ocean. Morstaybishlia henceforth had huge economic control over the nations of New Leganés and South Peragen which lasted for over 276 years.
===Keaneward and Visteue period (1663-1803)===
====Caven Wars====
[[File:Place de la Victoire, Paris 13 August 2016 001.jpg|right|thumb|250px|The Place of Victory; built to celebrate Morstaybishlian victory.]]
In the year 1688, Captain Kerden discovered an island in the Packilvanian Ocean and established a settlement a year later called Queensport. For another five years the Morstaybishlian Empire would build up their settlements with the prospects to use it as a military naval port and trading hub to Yasteria. Communications to the island abruptly ceased to which a vessel was sent and discovered that the Caven Empire had set up their own port on the other side of the island and had fought and won the Staynish port.
Now Commodore, Kerden was sent to claim back the small prospective trading hub and did so in a short-lived Battle of Queensport. A Caven ship survived and sent the news back to the Caven Empire after which there was no obvious retaliation.
Over the next four years, merchant ships leaving
In secret, Commodore Kerden was sent to Perigrinia, the rival of Caven in the north to formulate a plan to destabilise the Caven Empire as to both Morstaybishlia and Perigrinia’s gain. Perigrinia would fund Morstaybishlian armament and naval ship production for Morstaybishlia’s full scale invasion into Cavens’ south province of Wachovia, starting the Caven Wars.
Morstaybishlia had a strong starting advance in the war, pushing the Caven forces far back. Morstaybishlia would strategically siege Caven port towns of Truzcon, Merna and Libertyburg and cut off trading routes into the Caven Sea from the north. It held a strong advance into Caven and Verlot for about two years, pushing past the Izumi mountains, but fearing encirclement they were pushed back over the mountains to the Wachovia borders where the two forces reached a stalemate. There would be some victories on either side, but after six years in 1704 the Caven Empire surrendered its occupied lands to the Morstaybishlian Empire to end the war. With a suffering economy and a large famine, Peregrinia, who had remained neutral during the conflict, upheld its side of the agreement and began humanitarian aid, promising the people of Caven better fortunes. After fifteen years, Peregrinia had managed to integrate the Caven provinces of Dominionland, Termino, Trioni and Verlot.
===Late Modern (1803 - 21st century)===
====Slavery====
Morstaybishlia played a leading part in the
====Slave trade====
====Posolic Wars====
====Height of the Morstaybishlian Empire (1826-1897)====
[[File:Florence II and Husband.jpg|left|thumb|275px|[[Florence II|Queen Florence II]] (1794-1852) and her husband King Phillip V.]]
[[Florence II]] ascended the throne when her father died at the end of the First Posolic Wars. Her opponents believed that due to her tucked away and extravagant lifestyle she would be weak leading Morstaybishlia into the 19th century. The Second Posolic Wars confirmed her as the opposite; a titanic leader who glided Morstaybishlia back into its role as the world superpower. Her reign, the reign of her son [[Frederick III]] and her granddaughter [[Rosamund II]] marked the Golden Era where Morstaybishlia reach the zenith of its economic and political power. Exciting new technologies such as railways, photography, telegraphs and steam ships emerged, making the world far faster-paced. Morstaybishlia reinstated its mostly active role in Continental politics which had been challenged by Ethalria and Biramura in the years before.
[[File:George William Joy - The Bayswater Omnibus.jpg|right|thumb|275px|Kimbry Layton-Pickett's painting ''The River Carriage'', 1893, depicts middle-class social life in this Staynish late Golden Era scene.]]
There was peace and prosperity, as the national income per person grew by over half. Much of the prosperity was due to the increasing industrialization, especially in machinery and textiles, as well as to the worldwide network of engineering and trade which produced profits for Morstaybishlian merchants and experts from across the world. In the Morstaybishlian sphere there was peace abroad.
Despite these changes, Morstaybishlia lacked behind in its democratic index. It was still an absolute monarchy, and even though there was movements to change, an elected chamber in the [[Samming]] would not happen until 1917. However, the Privy Council of Staynes and Privy Council of Kaltariezh which were appointed by the Crown and served at the Crown's pleasure became more autonomous, including consolidating the two devolved administrations of Staynes and Kaltariezh into one, based at Kalmington Palace, Sani Bursil, and helmed by a Lord Rubian, equivalent of a [[High Elderthane of Great Morstaybishlia|high elderthane]] today. This became the [[Lord's Hall]] in 1520, and became the first major political unification. They drafted legislation in the name of the King, or Queen, at their pleasure, and the monarch was perfectly in their right to stop legislation from passing. In fact, this was common practice. The monarch remained untouchable and unaccountable to the Lord's Hall, and had a large sway among leading figures to bend them into submission.
[[File:Women slaves with master on the left.jpg|right|thumb|500px|Female slaves at Cavalier Court, a hotel in Rosamundport for the wealthy. They would have performed all the jobs involved with keeping the place running, work which was daily, constant, sometimes difficult and often tedious. Enslaved servants often slept on pallets on the floors of bedrooms or hallways near where they laboured. Proximity to male slaveholders and their guests made enslaved women and girls particularly vulnerable to sexual predation. Their owner is on the far left, pictured 1889.]]
On a local level, a rapid rise of the middle class, in large part displacing the complete control long exercised by the aristocracy occurred. Respectability was their code, and businessmen had to be trusted and must avoid reckless gambling and heavy drinking. The [[Thaerism|Thaerist]] institution imposed fresh moralistic values on society, such as responsibility, widespread charity, discipline in the home, and self-examination for the smallest faults and needs of improvement. They focused on exciting a personal revulsion against social evils and personal misbehavior. Though across the world slavery was being abolished, the lack of free press saw most of Morstaybishlia oblivious to the country's huge trade, and so anti-slavery movements barely took off despite this moral shift. The press was still widely controlled by the aristocracy who gained from the slave trade, and all independent agitation and reporting of the horrific conditions of [[Wikipedia:Slavery#Chattel slavery|chattel slavery]] across the Empire was either bought out or quashed.
There was a spirit of libertarianism as people felt they were free. Taxes however were moderate, and government restrictions on media and other aspects of everyday life was in effect. There were other problem areas, such as occasional riots, especially those motivated by [[Wikipedia:Criticism of monarchy|anti-Monarchism]]. Society was still ruled by the aristocracy and the gentry, which controlled high government offices, the Lord's Hall, religious institutions, and the military. Becoming a rich businessman was not as prestigious as inheriting a title and owning a landed estate.
The abstract theological or philosophical doctrine of agnosticism, whereby it is theoretically impossible to prove whether or not a higher being exists, suddenly became a popular issue in the 1860s, though Blasphemy laws meant that promoting atheism could be a crime and was vigorously prosecuted, which drove these freethinkers underground. Children were entitled to education for the first time, though this was limited to literacy as the population was highly illiterate. A 1840s estimate believed that over 90 percent of people could not read or write; but by the end of the 19th century illiteracy had fallen so dramatically that over 65 percent could read and write, which inspired a boom in reading culture and Morstaybishlian literature. A plethora of reading materials were to children. Publishers also took advantage of innovations such as those that enable the printing of coloured illustrations. As the middle class boomed, people had more money to spend on entertaining their children. Moral messaging was de-emphasised in favor of fun.
[[File:The sands, Ramsgate, Kent, England, ca. 1899.jpg|left|thumb|275px|Bellithon Beach in 1896.]]
Opportunities for leisure activities increased dramatically as real wages continued to grow and hours of work continued to decline. In urban areas the ten-hour workday became increasingly the norm; the Factory Act 1869 limited the working week to 60 hours, encouraging the movement towards an eventual nine-hour workday. Sundays became a day off for the working man, which opened up opportunity for some 1,000 seaside resorts emerging thanks to cheap hotels and inexpensive railway fares.
In this period, fertility rates remained high, leading to a population boom. Gradually, fertility rates fell as people became more affluent and had better access to contraception. By 1897, the infant mortality rate in Staynes was 10 percent, down from about half in the 15th century. There was no catastrophic epidemic or famine in Morstaybishlia in the nineteenth century, marking the first century in which a major epidemic did not occur throughout the whole country. In the olden days, people typically had had as many children as they could afford in order to ensure at least a few of them would survive to adulthood and have children of their own due to high child mortality rates. Moreover, it was the poor who had had an incentive to curb their fertility whereas the rich had lacked such a need due to greater wealth and lower child mortality rates. This changed due to the Industrial Revolution. Standards of living improved and mortality rates fell. People no longer needed to have as many children as before to ensure the propagation of their genes. The link between poverty and child mortality weakened. In addition, societal attitude towards contraception warmed, leading to the negative correlation between intelligence and fertility.
====Imperial affairs before the Great War====
[[File:The Morstaybishlian Empire around the advent of the Great War, circa 1900-1904 (compressed version 2).png|left|thumb|400px|The Morstaybishlian Empire between 1897 and 1904. It is considered to be at its zenith at this time.]]
The reign of [[Thadeus I]] marked the final years of the Morstaybishlian global trading empire before the [[Great War]]. Morstaybishlia went through a phase of being relatively unchallenged at sea, particularly domestically where it dominated Auroran, Arcturian and Cerenerian waters. Alongide its formal colonial empire, Morstaybishlia's dominance over world trade meant that it effectively controlled the economies of many countries, such as Peragen, [[Ewenshire]] and [[Zreiru'a]].
Morstaybishlian imperial strength was bolstered by the [[Wikipedia:Tepegraphy|telegraph]] in the mid 19th century, allowing greater control and defence of its empire. The Morstaybishlian Empire was linked together by a network of telegraph cables, called the Morst Code Network, which was inaugurated in October 1898.
Most trading expeditions to [[Concord]] and [[Yasteria|northwestern Yasteria]] bypassed the Tawusian Cape in favour of travelling through the quicker route in [[Arcturia|northern Arcturia]]. Trading vessels were left vulnerable to piracy at various chokepoints in the Ewenshire Strait and Optian Sea, and many returning galleons loaded with goods were raided by pirates operating off the coast. This was most prominent in the 17th through to the early 19th century because Morstaybishlia had no permanent settlements and had to sail Imperial Navy ships from [[Seligeze Islands|Queensport]] more than 1,800 miles away to defend them. Even with being allowed to dock in Ewenshire, the ports available were too small to allow anything more than one or two Imperial Navy ships in at a time. A formal arrangement was signed in 1856 where Morstaybishlia began leasing the relatively underdeveloped town of Farhide and its surrounding area, and immediately began constructing a permanent naval base to protect both country's trading interests. This was administered as a Morstaybishlian colony, and quickly turned into a vital naval hub for operating out of it dozens of warships at a time. With organised piracy adopting [[Wikipedia:Incendiary device|incendiary]] [[Wikipedia:Shell (projectile)|shells]] in the 1850s, Morstaybishlia trialled the world's first [[Wikipedia:Ironclad warship|ironclad warships]] in 1861 to combat piracy. This base was incorporated into the Morst Code Network in 1898, and coupled with Morstaybishlia's economic projection in the area has led several historians to quote Morstaybishlia's influence over Ewenshire as being apart of its [[Wikipedia:Informal empire|informal empire]].
[[File:Map of southwest Aurora in 1917 as the Korstazian War begins.png|right|thumb|300px|Political geography of the region at the signing of the Treaty of Bursil, 8 December 1917. Note that the borders of the withdrawing Ethalrian occupation, which covers most of modern [[Lyrevale|southern Lyrevale]] is not shown.]]
In [[Borea|western Borea]], Morstaybishlia assisted Elwin Arachne seize power of Zreiru'a in 1885, and by the turn of the century was being supplied most of its abundant natural resources in exchange for military aid to help assist Arachne in conquering the continent. Settlers flocked to [[Kurandia]] to capitalise on the resource boom, aiding the development of new urban spaces such as Corren Tree and Ander's Point.
====
Despite the armistice, a formal state of war between the two sides persisted for another five months, until the signing of the Treaty of Ribenstadt on 8 December 1917. The treaty saw the official end of the war in Aurora. Whilst there was no official surrender, historians favour an Ethalrian and Salovian victory over Morstaybishlia in regards to the Auroran theatre of war because of the concessions that Morstaybishlia signed in the treaty. Ethalria receeded their forces north of the Bolvinian Plateau in exchange for annexing the historical provinces of Bro-Tewesac, Bro-Suode and Bro-Angwin in southern Kaltariezh.
The first Morstaybishlian election cycle and disagreements around the Axdelian peninsula delayed the signing of the treaty by three months. Ethalria demanded that it was their right to annex southern Axdel because they had de facto controlled swathes of it since 1911, and had even established the Republic of Korstazia as a puppet state ruled by the Axdelian-born General Sauwo Ñeya̋na. Orson Klarass refused this because an independent Axdel would likely align with Ethalria and make the already rescinding Morstaybishlian Empire far weaker on the continent. Later, Morstaybishlia would concede to a less severe offer. In exchange for returning Dragonia and the Indigo Isles to Ethalria, as well as granting the peninsula devolved autonomy, something that had never happened in Morstaybishlia; Ethalra agreed to withdraw their troops and support for the Republic of Korstazia. Without backing by Ethalria, Ñeya̋na’s government surrendered after a [[Korstazian War|four month continuation war]].
The [[Samming]] passed the Act of Federation in February 1919 which saw the creation of the [[Lythuscia|Federated Colonies of Lythuscia]]. This was the first time that Morstaybishlia had [[Wikipedia:Federalisation|federated]] its colonies, and granted any colony [[Wikipedia:Home rule|home rule]]. Legislative power was held in Albaburg, whilst [[Wikipedia:Command (military formation)|military command]], diplomacy and foreign policy remained in Sani Bursil.
====Abolition of slavery====
[[File:Oanese blackbirding circa 1918.jpg||right|thumb|250px|Blackbirding was illegal but was a popular alternative to the slave-trade in the Morstaybishlian colonies as late as the 1930s. <br>Pictured: Oan peoples with an overseer (background), on a sugar plantation in New Pondsfort, [[Morstaybishlian Cerenerian Territories|Morst Cereneria]], c. 1919.]]
As the world evolved in the 19th and 20th centuries, many democratic nations abolished slavery and pressured the Morstaybishlian and Packilvanian Empires to do so. Owing to its incredible size and power in the 19th century and its absolute monarchy which had large capital interests and investment in the slave trade, the Morstaybishlian Empire did not abolish slavery until in November 1917, two months after the end of the Great War and the dissolution of Morstopackia. The nation saw huge social, economic and political reforms in 1917 as it transitioned from an absolute monarchy to parliamentary republic under constitutional monarchy; and later 1910s and 1920s.
In the colonial and territorial administrations of Joralesia, Salisar, Morst Cereneria, Dalmaghar, Kurandia, and others recognised the Act and implemented it, but clandestine slave-trading and [[Wikipedia:Blackbirding|blackbirding]] still occurred as late as the mid 1930s. Though it was hit with the economic depression and major de-colonisation following the war, the Imperial Navy immediately established a presence off of the coasts of these territories where there were rumours, sightings, reports or evidence of ongoing slavery, as well as negotiating with countries neighbouring these colonies and territories for their rights to stop and search vessels believed to house slaves. The Imperial Navy dispatched three squadrons of four, five and eight [[Wikipedia:Town-class cruiser (1910)|light cruisers]] to the [[Cerenerian Ocean]], as well as the south and north [[Concordian Ocean]] respectively. With bases at Montecadre, what is now Penisine Garrisons in Balidar, and Bruzraka; the squadrons aided in the capture of over 2,100 slave ships, freeing over 205,000 people from slavery between 1917 and 1934. However, unfortunately this did not exactly reduce the number of deaths of slaves. Thousands lost their lives if the captain of a slave ship knew they were being approached by a squadron vessel. The captain would order for the slaves to be thrown overboard still shackled. Very few would make it to shore.
====Great Depression====
====From secession to union====
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Years of tension between the central government and many local councils and authorities in Valeria led to a snap referendum on 6 June 1975 for independence at the end stages of the Auroran Imperial War. Questions of legitimacy all over the nation was raised because this was not a government sanctioned referendum, seeing a 54 percent vote to leave. Due to the ongoing war effort, a collapsing economy and independence elsewhere within the empire, the [[Ian Crowcasa|Crowcasa War Cabinet]] - a national coalition - broke apart, two years before a scheduled general election.
Greta Vardem declared herself President of an independent Valeria, and consolidated power via military divisions on the eastern offensive against Ethalria, who hadn't been rotated in over a year and were loyal to a South Staynish identity. South Staynish military leaders executed dissenters which allowed for a swift alignment of troops, but also several theaters of infighting between Morstaybishlian and South Staynish forces.
A stagnant eastern front was opened up by Ethalria after Valeria declared independence and the line of contact had internal problems. Ethalria pushed back the line of contact with an offensive from Imperium and Wulesburg to Rorivon and Rostok. Though the line of contact had deflated many miles, it soon consolidated into a more solid position as Valeria gained its footing. At this point, [[Ian Crowcasa]] had been voted out of government after his 14 year tenure, voting in [[Delores Gastrell]].
Banking in Valeria was all headquartered in Staynes. From Sani Bursil, Gastrell ordered all banks to shut down. With over 90 percent of banks shutting down in Valeria, people were unable to withdraw money, and Valeria immediately plunged into financial ruin.
[[File:Iron Lung (061) (7184148409).jpg|left|thumb|250px|[[Wikipedia:Poliovirus|Poliovirus]] victims in Kirdintayos Infirmary, 1976.]]
Vardem established an emergency National Bank and begun integration schemes with a new currency made of plastic coins, because there was no time to mine and mass produce coins made of nickel or other metals. Economic depression followed, and millions of people were out of work. Ethalria capitalised on this and seized huge swathes of land, before being immobilised from the Ketavuul orbital bombardment strikes. They would later cede land they absorbed in this offensive to what is the current border today. The Wreycliff Pact prevented signatories from recognising Valeria as an independent nation, and so Vardem's talks with Axdel broke down in the latter part of the year.
Between 1975 and 1977, millions of people died as a result of the depression. Nobody could afford healthcare and medical supplies and the government struggled with demand. Infectious diseases spread across the population, including [[Wikipedia:Poliovirus|Poliovirus]], [[Wikipedia:Typhus|Typhus fever]], and [[Wikipedia:Measles|Measles]].
Whilst Valeria held ''de facto'' power in the nation, Morstaybishlia continued its claim, which put pressure on nations to not recognise Valeria as a sovereign nation, which would aggrevate the superpower. However, [[Peregrinia]] came into controversy when CapCoal Bank, a private banking group headquartered in the nation, gave out loans to aid Valeria. Morstaybishlia put pressure on Peregrinia to withdraw this aid, which they eventually did.
[[File:South Staynes foodbank queue.jpg|right|thumb|250px|People waiting for a food bank in Kirdintayos to open during the winter of 1975.]]
Civil unrest began in March 1977, and saw South Staynish people target people and companies based on economic ties with Morstaybishlia. Arson and vandalism occurred against Staynish owned businesses, which were marked with a blood rose on shop windows before being subject of attack. People with Staynish blood, family or other ties were blamed for Morstaybishlia's actions in crippling their nation. Politicians and well known business owners who were Staynish fled to Morstaybishlia or were otherwise killed, or at the least beaten. A new opponent to Vardem's government swept the younger population who had known nothing other than struggle, war and famine. Supported by [[Delores Sofura]]'s fascist regime, the opposition was helmed by fascist leader Morgan Lugin.
All Morstaybishlian allies turned a blind eye to the situation, unable to find adequate reason to undermine Morstaybishlia. Some nations supported Valeria, such as [[Norgsveldet]].
In
====Between the two Auroran Wars====
Line 375 ⟶ 287:
=====Lyrevale Civil War=====
A period of geopolitical tension between
=====Meremaa Civil War=====
[[File:Morstaybishlian Riots 1990.jpg|right|thumb|300px|A small section of a 60,000 person riot in Kirdintayos soon after Robert Delari announced that Great Morstaybishlia was going to war with Meremaa, the slogan "We Won't Fight Another Rich Man's War!" became very popular throughout the country.]]
On 15 April 1990, Grand Duke Telvi II of Meremaa ordered the military to fire at a labour strike organised by Democratic Socialist political organisations in the city of Morzk. Immediately after the actions ordered by Telvi II, Meremaan news outlets and papers began glorifying their leader and exerting an approach relating to their foreign policy which gave
Delari viewed this negatively, and made public his views on how Meremaa has lost its sovereignty and how the Morstaybishlian Government no longer viewed the government of Meremaa as legitimate. As civil unrest grew into civil war, Delari endorsed the Democratic Socialist movement, led by [[Tyr Vaines]], which branded itself as the Republican Forces of Meremaa, whilst simultaneously sending its
Norgsveldet viewed the newfound Morstaybishlian naval presence in Dalmaghar as hostile. However, they initially laid off any form of support to Meremaa as Morstaybishlia had not officially sided with the republicans.
Line 400 ⟶ 312:
}}
On 22 May 1990, Robert Delari declared war on Meremaa, and revealed his new deal with the Republican Forces was to help install a democratic foundation in the region. The same day, media coverage of Republican Forces attacking an
Soon thereafter, Norgsveldet declared their intentions to back the Meremain government and send troops to reinforce the already strong Meremain forces. Over the next year, Morstaybishlia sent over 82,000 troops to the campaign. The Meremain forces were well dug in and the Morstaybishlian’s lost 12,481 men. A hopeful campaign on 21 February 1991 laid out a plan to wipe out one of the main entrances of Norgsveltian troops into Meremaa. Morstaybishlian saw a quick naval bombardment and subsequent attack of the city, but over an ensuing ten days was blocked by a fiercely dug in Meremain defence line. The battle lasted 26 days, until 19 March, where the Morstaybishlian forces retreated to Dalmaghar. It was during this retreat that the MBS ''Augustine'', the first ''Augustine''-class aircraft carrier completed two months before was sunk.
[[File:The horror of war.png|right|thumb|300px|The Horror of War; Urth's Picture of the Year 1993. It depicts a Meremain woman after losing her home and family in a mortar strike.]]
Sinkasa immediately faced more riots in Sani Bursil and other major urban conurbations as he failed to find a de-escalation solution. Meremaa and Norgsveldet pushed a firm counter attack into Dalmaghar, with a continuous air strike campaign on military and civilian targets. Morstaybishlia was forced to deploy a second fleet to Dalmaghar stoked with fresh supplies and troops when Norgsveltian forces began accumulating in the Isles of Hel for a land invasion. This deterred Norgsveldet from commencing an attack.
Morstaybishlia sent over 124,000 troops from April 1991 to October 1992 to Morzk where they fought a huge series of campaigns to take the capital, Kalaborgdurg. Initially the campaigns went well, establishing a strong defence line halfway between Morzk to Kalaborgdurg, and gaining ground as close as Dzimspilsēta, but after some time Meremaa and Norgsveldet began to push them back. Morstaybishlia over this next year of retreat would lose 43,305 men. At the same time, the Republican Forces of Meremaa lost over 110,000 troops and became increasingly unpopular among the population of Meremaa for violent attacks on
By the beginning of 1993, the two sides had reached a stalemate at a natural defence line in the far east of Meremaa. Morstaybishlia and the Republican Forces of Meremaa agreed that any future campaign of Kalaborgdurg would be unsuccessful and agreed on forming a splinter state known as the Republic of Morzk. From January to April was a period of relative peacetime. This was interrupted when Norgsveltian submarines sank a Morstaybishlian supply lane which would mark the beginning of a Norgsveltian campaign to choke the mostly unrecognised republic.
Norgsveldet fought and won a decisive naval battle against an unprepared Morstaybishlian defence which would establish a blockade around the republic. Meremaa and Norgsveldet began a full assault into the region of Morzk which lasted until 23 October 1994 when the Republican forces surrendered. Rupert Sinkasa
After the war, it was judged that during the Kalaborgdurg campaign Morstaybishlian and Meremain Republican forces were responsible for over twenty thousand civilian murders and somewhere between one thousand and two thousand five hundred rapes.
=====State of Morstaybishlia=====
[[File:ArleighBurkeClassShips.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Three [[Litop Class|Litop-class IIA]] ships among those seized during the military coup d'etat on 31 July 2003.]]
Despite sharing the same culture, language and history, west and east Staynes have rivalled each other since antiquity, with the kingdoms of Staynnica and Maltervenia opposing each other during the Era of Changes and their capitals, Redrugus and (now) Sani Bursil going on to compete in growth and economic output during the Industrial Revolution. These two cities were the first two cities to rapidly industrialise in the early-mid 19th century anywhere in the world. Today Redrugus still maintains its industrial identity whilst other cities naturally deindustrialised into primary tertiary economies, such as being the site of Aurora's largest steelwork companies and some of the world's largest manufacturing companies. Up the coast from Redrugus, Fort Staynes maintains the facilities as Staynes' fourth largest port by freight distribution; the city sees large volumes of maritime traffic from east Arcturia and [[Gondwana|Alaria]].
Morstaybishlia faced economic decline in the 1990s and 2000s. Years of privatisation in the 1990s resulted in the quality of goods and services decreasing whilst companies recorded record profits. Unions demanded better pay and working conditions whilst the government maintained its attention abroad in proxy wars with [[Axdel]] in [[Lyrevale]] and direct conflict in the [[Meremaa Civil War]]. When three [[Principles of Democracy Party|Podite]] [[List of high elderthanes of Great Morstaybishlia|high elderthanes]] ([[Rupert Sinkasa|Sinkasa]], [[Aveline Tharen|Tharen]] and [[Ramsay Logrin|Logrin]]) of six years was defeated in the [[1998 Great Morstaybishlia General Election|1998 general election]] by [[Progress Party (MBE)|Progress Party]] leader [[Verlhanz Rothgerus]], the new high elderthane focused a considerable amount of resources in tackling socioeconomic issues in the worse affected cities. Redrugus and Fort Staynes, as well as smaller cities nearby were among several areas within Morstaybishlia that was disproportionately treated. Redrugus, who's dockside constituencies are some of the most impoverished in the country, were overlooked and underfunded much to the distaste of the locals, whilst the richer constituencies (namely Bramblehead, Highwood and Kenton Beacon) had practically all of their funding redistributed to places elsewhere. Years passed and conditions did not improve, yet inflation was at a thirty year high.
[[File:Franklin Barvata 2003.jpg|right|thumb|250px|[[Cabinet of Great Morstaybishlia|Home Elderthane]] [[Franklin Barvata]] in 2003, later [[High Elderthane of Great Morstaybishlia|high elderthane]]. Whilst his senior position during the constitutional crisis was controversial, he was largely important in ending the State in 2005.]]
On 3 May 2002 senior politicians and military personnel met in Clara House for the first of eight secret talks aimed at bringing the Staynish provinces of Horkalo and Redrugus out of Morstaybishlia. They met bi-monthly until their final meeting in July 2003. Notable members included [[Boriff]] Dinnick Amildon of Redrugus, Redrugus Chief of Police Kirkosby Lews, former Chief of Defence Staff Velisa Felgian and RedBank CEO Clauzia Murley. In the week leading up to the State of Morstaybishlia declaring independence, military and police leaders carefully and meticulously laid out the groundworks for their coup d'etat. On 31 July 2003, seperatist forces seized control of two aircraft carriers, MBS ''Marvant'' and MBS ''Baltassar'', as well as the rest of the Home Fleet docked at Xenliada, the main dockyard of the Morstaybishlian Fleet and the headquarters of the Naval Staff Offices. The coup d'etat was swift, and the police leadership was also ascertained, both without casualties.
On 1 August, a group of crossbench politicians from the two provinces declared a new '[[State of Morstaybishlia]]' as independent from Great Morstaybishlia. Pro-Kalmington politicians had quickly rallied overnight and attempted to organise a resistance. The streets of Redrugus and other large cities entered a week of civil unrest. Until the seperatist forces (which by now had consolidated a disproportionate section of the [[Royal Armed Forces of the Empire|Morstaybishlian Armed Forces]], including 90% of the [[Imperial Navy|Imperial Navy's]] Home Fleet) managed to mobilise defensive lines on the Burren mountains and the Anker River, many thousands evacuated and general [[Wikipedia:Anarchy|anarchy]] proliferated the cities.
The Morstaybishlian government acted swiftly, though critics argue there were obvious signs a military coup d'etat of Redrugus and Horkalo was happening under their noses months before it happened. Before separatists gained air superiority, Morstaybishlian long-range bomber aircraft disabled several naval vessels, including MBS ''Horkalo'', a [[Litop Class|''Litop''-class IIA]] destroyer. The surrounding waters of Xenliada saw naval engagement, where ships under MBE scrambled to escape State control and disabled targets where they could. Four ships under the MBE's control were sank, including two [[Wikipedia:Admiral Gorshkov-class frigate|''Rouanezkador''-class frigates]], MBS ''Walverdon'' and MBS ''Torrin'', claiming a total of 787 crew. Seperatists were fought back to the Heldon Bridge, where they destroyed it, thus forming the line of control that would remain until Great Morstaybishlia invaded two years later.
[[File:Staynish resistance fighters in Redrugus.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Members of the [[Staynes|Staynish Liberation Army]], a Morstaybishlian-backed resistance movement fighting on the streets of Fort Staynes, November 2004.]]
With his declaration as President of the State of Morstaybishlia and Supreme Commander of its armed forces, George Vermana set out by enacting martial law. To suppress what opposition existed to their self-declared independence, regular stop checks began and curfew was set at 20:00. Vermana's government sought to legitimise their status as an independent nation by continuing the sale of goods, such as grain and oil to importing customers of Great Morstaybishlia, the latter via the Redrugan Oil Reserve (Morstaybishlia's third largest). The MBE responded by patrolling blue waters in the West Sea with components from other fleets, enacting an embargo and seizing ships that tried to leave, or enter. The State responded in kind, and patrolled their own waters. Open sea warfare to remove the blockade begun, and the State, operating the Home Fleet and backed by the Redrugan Oil Reserves, was able to fight indefinitely until all of their ships were damaged or sunken.
Morstaybishlia successfully whipped the [[Auroran Continental Assembly|ACA]] (the predecessor of the [[United Nations of the Auroran Continent|UNAC]]) into condemnation of the State by September 2003. A condemnation by the [[International Forum]] in January 2004 followed. Both the State and the MBE had rapidly mobilised forces for the advent of war. RedBank departments and [[Wikipedia:Automated teller machine|cash machines]] were shut down and disabled across Aurora (where the banks entire operations were conducted), and assets were frozen when economic data showed that the State of Morstaybishlia was a recipient of several of their loans worth billions of [[Kirib|Kiribs]].
George Vermana was shot and killed by MIB agents operating undercover at his stately home on 18 October 2004 in what the [[Great Morstaybishlia#Government|Morstaybishlian Government]] [[Wikipedia:Code-name|codenamed]] Operation Fox Hunt. His death was applauded in main streets like Oswald Place and Palace Street. On the same day, MBE forces penetrated the defense lines of the State and began its invasion. From Kalmington, [[Lambertus VII|King Lambertus VII]] officially declared hostilities, the first time the Morstaybishlian government had done so since the advent of the [[Auroran Imperial War]]. In Redrugus, Zecrod Furista was sworn in as President.
=====Morstaybishlian Secession War=====
In an interview with the MBC in 2014, [[Franklin Barvata]] described how success in ''Operation Fox Hunt'' falsely alluded the Morstaybishlian government into believing that the State would collapse because of a fragile leadership system, and that in the vacuum left by the death of George Vermana would allow the [[Royal Armed Forces of the Empire|Morstaybishlian Armed Forces]] an easier path to victory against a stunned and chaotic State military command.
[[File:Zecrod Furista 2004-05.png|right|thumb|250px|Zecrod Furista, 2005.]]
No such government or military command collapse occurred, and Zecrod Furista was sworn in as the second president the same day. Kalmington hopes of civil unrest and internal conflict against the Furista government was not met. Morstaybishlian forces crossed the border on 18 October 2004 and was met by fierce resistance, though as the conflict progressed, [[Wikipedia:Blitzkrieg|lightning tactics]] were employed to encircle State units to force a quicker victory. However, George Vermana had predicted this in his tenure and had planted explosives on every road across the border. When these eplosives were detonated, the Morstaybishlian fast attack strategies were useless. Warfare on the ground continued slowly, and battles were mainly fought in the air and at sea.
[[File:IED destroys Morstaybishlian truck.png|left|thumb|250px|Morstaybishlian [[Wikipedia:High mobility, multipurpose wheeled vehicle|HMMWV truck]] destroyed in [[Wikipedia:Improvised explosive device|IED]] explosion in the Great Savanna.]]
In the north, the MBE's delayed landings as a result of the 2004 Packilvanian Ocean Typhoon season's Typhoon Ariezoe made continual permanent territorial gains as forces on land pushed south. In the east, State forces fought hardest and territorial gains were harder come by. The capture of Skaul, Queenschester and Fort Staynes had Zecrod Furista on the defensive. By April 2005, as Kalmington was preparring for the [[2005 Great Morstaybishlia General Election|2005 genral election]], forces aboard the [[Wikipedia:INS Vikrant (2013)|''Baltassar''-class]] MBS ''Baltassar'' (the lead ship of her class) mutinied, and surrendered to the Morstaybishlian Fleet. Further waves of surrendering forces saw morale in Furista's government fall dramatically. Several politicians and members of State High Command either attempted unsuccessfully or successfully to leave to seek refuge in Morstaybishlia and avoid imprisonment by revealing sensitive strategies or secrets which could help the war effort. Only two out of six high ranking politicians and military command managed this feat.
During fierce combat in the Battle of Kasilly Point, MBS ''Roumont'', under command of the State, was sunk and destroyed by a [[Wikipedia:Sukhoi Su-27|Vezra GE-25]] fourth-generation fighter. Other smaller vessels on both sides were sunk.
At some point during 16 to 20 September 2005 Zecrod Furista fled the country, and on 24 September 2005 the State of Morstaybishlia surrendered. The new [[High Elderthane of Great Morstaybishlia|High Elderthane]] [[Walter Johannes]] travelled to Redrugus on 26 September and declared 'the people are free, and this dark chapter of Morstaybishlia's history is over'.
Preliminary talks in early 2005 between Great Morstaybishlia, [[Axdel]] (who's political relationship with Morstaybishlia had improved drastically since the [[Lyrevale Continuation War]] nineteen years before) and the [[Ethalria (Republic)|Republic of Ethalria]] would form the basis of the Western Auroran Pact (WAP), which would become the precursor of the [[Intercontinental Regional Security Accords]] (IRSA). A main proponent to the groups formation was unity against secessionist movements, which all parties had partial issues with.
=====Acts of Union=====
[[File:Johannes and Samsey.png|right|thumb|300px|[[High Elderthane of Great Morstaybishlia|High Elderthane]] [[Walter Johannes]] of Great Morstaybishlia (left) and High Elderthane [[Arran Samsey]] of Jusdelva (right) after signing the Acts of Union of Great Morstaybishlia and Jusdelva in 2016.]]
Jusdelva faced continuous trouble with a language and cultural divide since it was colonised in the late 15th century. Jusdelva, who seceded from Morstaybishlia upon the closure of the Auroran Imperial War was bound by the Loeizaporzh Agreement, signed by former High Elderthanen [[Delores Gastrell]] and the first High Elderthane of Jusdelva Riannar B. Carrington, which stated that "if at any stage it is clear that a majority of constituencies in Jusdelva hold pro-Morstaybishlian seats, then a referendum for Morstaybishlian reunification would be considered" and that, under these terms, "a Morstaybishlian reunification would see Jusdelva become a functioning member state of Morstaybishlia as opposed to territory of the crown". After the 2014 Jusdelva general election, the new High Elderthane Wiley Gordwin was elected but led a minority government, his opposition could not form a government but which formed for the first time a majority for pro-Morstaybishlia. Gordwin controversially ignored this clause in the Loeizaporzh Agreement, and had a huge backlash from politicians and the general public. At the time, Gordwins' opinion polls dropped to 23 percent, the lowest of any Jusdelviz high elderthanes ever. A general election was called after a vote of no confidence. The Liberal League of Jusdelva lost ten seats in the 2015 Jusdelva general election and the Jusdelviz Unionist Party was voted in. His successor, and the new High Elderthane [[Arran Samsey]], held a referendum on 16 December 2015 which saw a 65 percent vote for Morstaybishlian reunification, though no constituency in the Eastern Outliers voted to leave. Samsey flew to Sani Bursil on as many as eleven occasions to discuss with [[Walter Johannes]] an agreement. One year later to the day, on 16 December 2016, the Imperial Kingdom of Great Morstaybishlia and Jusdelva came into being, the result of Acts of Union being passed by the Sammings of Great Morstaybishlia and Jusdelva and so unite the two kingdoms.
====Auroran-Cerenerian War====
''See also: [[Auroran-Cerenerian War]]
[[File:Ethalrian bombing of a Calth village.jpg|right|thumb|275px|Ethalrian bombing of a Kaltariz town.]]
After loyalists to the Ethalrian Monarchy illegitimately seized the government of the Republic of Ethalria in May 2017 to form the Greater Ethalrian Empire, the Morstaybishlian Government would call an emergency meeting between world leaders at [[Sani Bursil Royal Palace]] resulting in an allegiance of half a dozen countries to fight the new Auroran threat. Tensions rose across the world for a few weeks. The Royal Parade was not cancelled despite the best efforts of High Elderthane Walter Johannes, who deemed it 'unsafe in the current political climate'. During the parade around Sani Bursil, an assassination attempt on King Lambertus VII failed but resulted in the death of the heir apparent [[Prince Thadeus]]. It was soon thereafter discovered that the plot was orchestrated by operatives of the [[Ethalria (Matriarchy)|Matriarchy of Ethalria]] working for [[Amalda Harimann]] and Great Morstaybishlia declared war on the Matriarchy the same day.
With Stratarin's Premier [[Viktor Drugov]] losing his position of power to Mikhail Starikov, Great Morstaybishlia lost one of its great allies. Starikov made his intentions known and became allies with the Matriarchy of Ethalria, the Greater Ethalrian Empire and Kostromastan, forming the axis. Stratarin played a vital role in military armament and funding of the axis; in particular Kostromastan, who had used this aide to push an invasion deep into Nocturne. Kostromastan and Stratarin would aim to push deep into Barbarus and Laulia Provinces to ambush the vastly spread and deeply entrenched allied forces in their battle over north Ethalrian cities, and a planned Strataric naval invasion on the beaches of Aurus and Laulia Provinces was narrowly prevented when their naval routes were cut off by the [[The Oan Isles|Oan Isles]], which began the Cerenerian Theater of War. Great Morstaybishlia immediately amassed a force with [[IRSA]] to invade both Ethalria's. Facing fierce opposition, the allies narrowly secured victories in Arkenvel and Avenai in late June and July, later beating the Matriarchy of Ethalria in the battle for Karinthus and later Ribenstadt, the Ethalrian capital which would lead Harimann into hiding and see the Ethalrian Vice Matriarch sign the Instrument of Surrender on the 24th of October. In the west the allies were repelled into Valeria, with bombing of cities Leriad, Burleron and Kovaro killing millions of people, but upon the surrender of the Matriarchy of Ethalria, the Greater Ethalrian Empire caved into pressure on all sides from the allies, herself surrendering soon thereafter. Immediately following the war, Great Morstaybishlia, as well as Axdel, Tuvaltastan and the Oan Isles saw the fragmentation of both Ethalria's and occupied each zone which became the six [[Ethalns|Ethaln]] countries.
====Since the Auroran-Cerenerian War====
[[File:Embask oil rig in the Artic.jpg|left|thumb|300px|One of the twelve oil rigs owned by [[Embask]] and later purchased by the Kyrlot Government.]]
Walter Johannes lost the [[2019 Great Morstaybishlia General Election|2019 general election]] to [[
[[Kyrloth|Kyrloth's annexation of Izria]] saw the [[Embask]] oil rigs off the coast of the Undirnor and Slodhir Islands unlawfully and illegally signed away by King Tegura IV to [[Sinter Tass]] sparking controversy and outrage<ref>[[MBC]], 22nd October 2019. ''Kyrloth Illegally Seizes Embask Rotantic Oil Operations''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s60.html#p217619</ref>. Barvata failed to negotiate with Tass and the latter sent a blockade of corvettes to the oil rigs<ref>TARA PT4, 7th November 2019. ''MBE moves MBS Dovia and two frigates to the Lion of Taren Oil Rig''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mr-tass-s-holiday-t-a-r-a-parts-3-4-kyrloth-expans-t16094-s15.html#p218579</ref>. [[Norgsveldet|Norgsveltian]] Prime Minister Sverdrup hosted a meeting between Tass, Barvata and Kuthern leaders<ref>TARA PT4, 7th November 2019. ''Osfjord Summit''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mr-tass-s-holiday-t-a-r-a-parts-3-4-kyrloth-expans-t16094-s15.html#p218218</ref>. Meanwhile during this meeting one of the oil rigs was blown up on order of Artun Sotarikos and sunk the destroyer MBS ''Dovia''<ref>TARA PT4, 7th November 2019. ''Lion of Taren Oil Rig is detonated, sinks MBS Dovia''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mr-tass-s-holiday-t-a-r-a-parts-3-4-kyrloth-expans-t16094-s15.html#p220069</ref>. The incident was known as the [[The Lion of Taren Incident]], and in Norgsveldet the outcome of this meeting saw the Kyrlot Government pay a sum of 20 billion Kiribs (5% of their GDP) for the oil rigs and compensation to the workers and the dead workers' families. Barvata later sacked
Walter Johannes successor Berowalt Ase accused his party of a 'witch hunt' after being forced to resign for alleged continuous racism, being succeeded by [[Benjamin Wardola]]<ref>[[MBC]], 12th February 2020. ''Benjamin Wardola Becomes Leader of the Opposition''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s75.html#p223508</ref>. This leadership change rippled in the [[
In May 2020, Great Morstaybishlia joined the The Anti-Alyunthian Coalition, and participated in open political isolation against [[Alyunthia]], but unlike the lead member [[Rodenia]] who had declared hostilities, Great Morstaybishlia decided to remain neutral.
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In the defence of peace, Great Morstaybishlia, [[Meremaa]] and [[Norgsveldet]] signed the Riberoe Pact<ref>[[MBC]], 19th May 2020. ''Riberoe Talks a Success''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s75.html#p229172</ref>, a non-aggression treaty over the tensions in the territorial waters of Meremaa and [[Dalmaghar]] that have existed since the Meremaa Civil War.
On 25 June 2020
On 10 July 2020 Great Morstaybishlia hosted a conference of nation states involved in the Puntalian Crisis. The 2020 PCT Sani Bursil Summit saw the end of hostilities from Rodenia, the
[[File:Fort Nocturne riot 1.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Violent protests against the Black Alert restrictions in West Noctana, Fort Nocturne.]]
Terrorists co-ordinated two attacks that took place on 24 July 2020 in Barbarus and Jomsgord Provinces,
A day later, [[2020 Nocturne riots|violent riots in major cities of Nocturne Province]] began in Fort Nocturne against the military presence and changes implemented following the terror attacks. The rioting escalated into over twenty minutes of armed conflict between the join occupying police and military presence and freedom fighters, claiming the lives of six police, two soldiers and 29 freedom fighters. Immediately following the conflict the
The [[August 2020
The
On 9 March 2021, four coordinated terrorist attacks and a fifth foiled attack occurred in [[Joralesia]] between 13:03 and 13:39. Including two perpetrators, 354 people died and 881 were injured, 109 of which critically<ref>[[MBC]], 9th March 2021. ''Joralesian Terror Attack Worse in its History''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s120.html#p243403</ref>. [[Vothetria|Vothetrian]] [[Prime Ministers of Vothetria|Prime Minister]] [[Clauzia Sarohart]] was a victim of the second bombing. The
In
The [[2021 Great Morstaybishlia General Election|general election]] was the first in 23 years to result in a hung
== Geography ==
[[File:Jan 2021 MBE big boi proof.jpg|right|thumb|400px|Map showing the Morstaybishlian Empire at its territorial maximum, with former territories, protectorates and other forms of governance in light green and text in red, and the current formulation in dark green with text in black.]]
Great Morstaybishlia has an area of 5,940,250km² (or 2,293,542 square miles). The mainland part of Great Morstaybishlia is made up of Staynes,
Great Morstaybishlia is the third biggest nation and largest transcontinental empire on Urth. At its height, it was the largest nation
[[File:Mount Kersivius.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Mount Kersivius is the tallest mountain in Aurora at 7,405 m.]]
The average elevation is 845 m (or 2772 ft). The highest elevation is the summit of [[Zycannes#Mount Kersivius|Mount Kersivius]] which is 7,405 m (or 24,294 ft). The lowest elevation is the Nepiditras Depression in
The geology of
===Biodiversity and environment===
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Great Morstaybishlia as a whole comprises largely varying [[wikipedia:Ecosystem|ecosystems]]. Jusdelva has an entirely [[wikipedia:tropical climate|tropical climate]] and over 65% of the land is made up by the Flizon rainforest. The Flizon is recognised as being one of the greatest biological diversity sites in the world and is a lot more species rich than the Jubrione evergreen rainforest despite its higher level of biodiversity to other evergreen rainforests, caused by large annual rainfall from Morsa Lake which extends all the way to the Agners mountains and the Staynes-Kaltariezh border.
Small regions of [[Wikipedia:Moorland|Moorlands]] and the [[Wikipedia:Gran Sabana|Great Savanna]] form a natural barrier around the Jubrione evergreen rainforest to the temperate deciduous forests in Staynes. The Great Savanna offers one of the most unusual landscapes in the world, with rivers, waterfalls and gorges, deep and vast valleys, impenetrable jungles and savannahs that host large numbers and varieties of plant species, a diverse fauna and the isolated table-top [[Wikipedia:Mesa|mesas]]. The Great Savanna extends all the way from the western Staynish coast to the centre-north Kaltariz coast, though it is split into western and eastern regions. Much of it has been turned into agriculture or settlement by humans over millennia, though considerable amounts have been protected as national parks today.
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Much of the Horkalic, and some of the Redrugan Provinces make up the Horkalic Basin; a large shallow inland sea. If present today, it would completely isolate over half of Horkalo from continental Aurora. Today though it acts as a drainage basin for multiple large rivers including the longest Staynish river the Anker to the West Sea. The Staynish interior including the Horkalic Basin also has areas of seasonal wetlands and large deposits of crude oil from ancient marine organisms of the former Maltervenic Sea. The northern regions of the basin, and a large part of the north-west coast are made of mangrove swamps.
[[File:Rolling hills of the South Staynish countryside.jpg|
The [[Zycannes]] is one of the worlds largest mountain ranges by area, the largest on [[Aurora]], and is the worlds longest. The mountains form the natural border between several nations, including Staynes and Valeria to an extent. Staynes and a small region of Valeria that is north of the mountain range is on the windward side and sees luscious vegetative growth whilst Valeria is on the leeward side and is a long belt hot semi-arid land which makes up the Sperran Desert. There are two mountain ranges adjacent to the Zycannes; the Burren mountains and the Oesan mountains. Between the Burren and Zycannes there's a [[wikipedia:Semi-arid climate|semi-arid]] region known as the Jersian Desert and between the Oesan and Zycannes there's a small semi-arid region called the Oeser Desert.
Within the [[Wikipedia:Semi-arid climate#Hot semi-arid climates|hot semi-arid climate]] of the Sperran Desert lies a small belt of cold desert climate that forms a boundary.
[[File:Zycannes.jpg|left|thumb|180px|An aerial view of a region of the [[Zycannes]].]]
In part of being split by two mountain ranges, the Zycannes and the Kalivian mountains; Kaltariezh is split into three different regions. The north of the Zycannes is windward and hosts a mixture of temperate climates, present in the north and north west is an oceanic climate and closer to the Zycannes is a typical continental climate. Immediately below the Zycannes is a narrow belt of cold desert called the Waron Desert and the Versuben mountains which connects to the Zycannes in two places and forms a segregated low area of hot arid land known as the Versubish Desert. Between the Waron Desert and the Kalivian mountains there are areas of large precipitation and thus forms a large wet temperate forest region. North of the Kalivian mountains is windward and south of the mountains is leeward, giving the provinces of Nocturne and some of Barbarus and Jomsgord a mixture of steppe and a semi-arid deserts.
In the seas surrounding Great Morstaybishlia,
[[File:Kukenan Roraima GS.jpg|thumb|1000px|center|View of the [[Wikipedia:Tepui|table-top mountains]], Mount Bedwis (left) and Mount Derstall, in the Great Savanna, Horkalic Basin National Park. The meanings of Mount Bedwis is believed to come from the [[Wikipedia:Old English|Old Staynic]] word 'beódwist', meaning 'where food was placed on'; Mount Derstall derives from Old Staynic and means 'the chair which Thaer sits' from the word 'Đær' and 'stol'.]]
===Flora===
[[File:VanHornTX 2008.jpg|right|thumb|220px|Typical shrubland in the Sperran Desert.]]
[[File:Horkalo coast.jpg|right|thumb|230px|[[Wikipedia:Armeria maritima|Sea thrift]], a pink flowering plant that grows on the north Staynish coast.]]
Metropolitan Morstaybishlia is divided into three regions that vary dramatically in climate and soils, though it is largely temperate, oceanic, monsoon and semi-arid; these regions are divided by the Zycannes which due to the tundra climate is widely inhospitable, though the wetlands and foothills host over 20 percent of all Morstaybishlian flora species, including 411 [[Wikipedia:Flowering plant|angiosperm]], 5 [[Wikipedia:Gymnosperm|gymnosperm]] and 15 [[Wikipedia:Fern|fern]] species.
Staynes and
[[File:Maple tree of MORST.jpg|left|thumb|220px|Maple tree, the national tree of Morstaybishlia.]]
[[File:Deep-water corals Western Outliers Province.jpg|left|thumb|220px|Pannagar Deep-water coral found off the coast of Turtle Shoal in the
The rest of Morstia is typically inhabited by deciduous forest, plains and moorland with a diverse pattern of vegetation. As with most of Aurora, prehistoric Morstaybishlia was covered with forest and swamp. Clearing began around 5,000 BCE and accelerated in medieval times. Despite this, Morstaybishlia retained its primeval forests and evergreen rainforest longer than most of Aurora due to its size, and wood shortages were not a problem until the 17th century. By the 18th century, around 50 percent of Morstaybishlian forests were consumed for shipbuilding or manufacturing charcoal and the nation was forced to import lumber from Arcturia. Today, most forest land in Morstaybishlia is maintained by state forestation programmes. Almost all land outside urban areas is farmland. However, relatively large areas of forest remain in north and south-west Staynes, north
===Fauna===
[[File:Auroran Jaguar 1.jpg|right|thumb|275px|The [[Wikipedia:North American jaguar|Auroran jaguar]] is the [[Wikipedia:National animal|national animal]] of Great Morstaybishlia. The Auroran jaguar's range includes all of the Jubrione National Park and several national parks in northern
The fauna of Morstaybishlia has many endemic species found nowhere else on Urth. Morstaybishlia shares a great deal of its fauna with the rest of the Auroran continent. An estimated 360 species of mammals characterize the fauna of the continental MBE. There are more than 600 species of bird and more than 65,000 species of insects. There are 272 known reptiles, 222 amphibians and 953 known fish species.
[[File:Green-billed toucan (Justelvard).jpg|left|thumb|200px|[[Wikipedia:Green-billed toucan|Green-billed toucan]], the national bird of
There are animals that exist in all of the continental Morstaybishlia; some of which includes the [[Wikipedia:Eurasian sparrowhawk|Yastaurian sparrowhawk]], the [[Wikipedia:Common kestrel|common kestrel]], the [[Wikipedia:Stoat|Auroran stoat]], [[Wikipedia:European rabbit|Auroran rabbit]], [[Wikipedia:Wild boar|wild boar]], [[Wikipedia:Black rat|black rat]], [[Wikipedia:Pantherophis obsoletus|black rat snake]], [[Wikipedia:European common frog|Auroran common frog]] and [[Wikipedia:Steatoda nobilis|noble false widow]]. However, generally it is split similarly to the flora regions; that is the Morstia, Abergwerin, Valerian, Jubrione and Marislian regions.
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====Abergwerin====
Of the native fauna to Abergwerin perhaps the most notable are the [[Wikipedia: Wild boar | Wild boars]], hunting of whom was a common manhood ritual amongst early
Another notable part of Abergwerin Fauna is the
Abergwerin is home ot numerous snake species that populate it’s beaches and forrest. Luckily for the population however, most of the snakes while numerous are not deadly venomous, a dubious honour which goes only to the [[Wikipedia: Forest cobra | Forest Devil]] and the [[Wikipedia: Western Green Mamba | Green Viper]] species. Notably both of the species only bite in self defense, but are easily aggravated resulting in a large number of bites, especially to unwary hikers, each year.
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[[File:Common buzzard.jpg|left|thumb|170px|A perched [[Wikipedia:Common buzzard|common buzzard]].]]
[[File:Velvet Red Deer 1.jpg|right|thumb|225px|The [[Wikipedia:Red deer|velvet red deer]] is widespread through the Morstia region.]]
The ecoregions and ecology found in the Morstia region is extremely varied as it extends from the [[Molvian Corridor]] in the south-west to the border with Tivot and Blueacia in the north-east. The region has a diverse climate that influences the inhabiting fauna; a [[Wikipedia:Humid continental climate|humid continental climate]] in the southern provinces, a [[Wikipedia:Humid subtropical climate|humid subtropical climate]] in the middle provinces of mainly Staynes but also a small area of
The western coast of Staynes varies from a warmer-to-colder climate from north to south. Several species live throughout the coast, though mostly avian and fish species such as the [[Wikipedia:Eurasian sparrowhawk|Yastaurian sparrowhawk]] which inhabits the Bolmertheton Isles and Montinay Island, but also the [[Wikipedia:Gray hawk|grey buzzard]], [[Wikipedia:Peruvian anchoveta|Auroran anchovy]], [[Wikipedia:Yellowfin tuna|yellowfin tuna]], [[Wikipedia:Black marlin|black marlin]], [[Wikipedia:Swordfish|swordfish]] and [[Wikipedia:Ornithoteuthis volatilis|shiny bird squid]]. In most of the Morstia region are various deer species like the [[Wikipedia:Red deer|velvet red deer]] and [[Wikipedia:Fallow deer|fallow deer]]; [[Wikipedia:Speckled ground squirrel|speckled ground squirrel]], [[Wikipedia:European badger|common badger]], [[Wikipedia:Red fox|red fox]], [[Wikipedia:Buzzard|buzzards]] and several species of snakes and lizards are common.
[[File:Morstaybishlian crocodile.jpg|left|thumb|120px|A Morstaybishlian crocodile leaping from the water.]]
Many species of mega fauna and large carnivorous mammals that lived in the Morstian savanna have been hunted for their meats, skins and ivory, and many have been pushed to extinction as a result. The [[Wikipedia:Brown bear|brown bear]] once spanned all of northern Aurora but was hunted for its fur and because it was a dangerous predator; today it lives in pockets of the Morstian region across northern Staynes and
Along the north and west coastlines are several species of [[Wikipedia:Whale|whales]], [[Wikipedia:Sea otter|sea otters]], [[Wikipedia:Grey seal|grey seals]], and even the [[Wikipedia:Lesser flamingo|Morstian flamingo]].
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The Jubrione region has many insect and terrestrial gastropod molluscs. The [[Wikipedia:Rasberry crazy ant|raspberry crazy ants]], [[Wikipedia:Longhorn crazy ant|longhorn crazy ants]] and [[Wikipedia:Fire ant|fire ants]] are widely distributed here. The Jubrione region has over six hundred [[Wikipedia:Bee|bee]] species, but only one of them make honey; the [[Wikipedia:Apis florea|red dwarf honey bee]], and is native across the rest of Aurora. [[Wikipedia:Banana slugs|banana slugs]], [[Wikipedia:Six-spotted tiger beetle|six-spotted tiger beetles]] and [[Wikipedia:Goldenrod soldier beetle|goldenrod soldier beetles]] are endemic to the Jubrione Rainforests.
====
====Valerian====
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====Zycannes====
[[File:Vicunga camelet.jpg|right|thumb|250px|[[Wikipedia:Vicuña|Zycuna]], an endemic member of the [[Wikipedia:Camelidae|camelid]] family, pictured in a salt pan in the [[Zycannes]].]]
The fauna of the Zycannes, the largest mountain range of Aurora that stretches across the Staynes-
[[File:Andean_Condor_in_flight.jpg|left|thumb|200px|[[Wikipedia:Andean condor|Zycandean condor]] in flight.]]
With almost a thousand species, of which roughly ⅔ are endemic to the region, the Zycannes are the most important region in the world for amphibians. The diversity of animals in the Zycannes is high, with almost 650 species of mammals (15 percent endemic), more than 1,800 species of bird (about 30 percent endemic), more than 650 species of reptiles (about 48 percent endemic) and 420 species of fish (around 35 percent endemic).
The [[Wikipedia:Vicuña|Zycuna]] can be found living in the Zycannes plateau, the widest part of the mountain range and are similar to camelids in
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=== Climate ===
[[File:Dazman Beach - Redrugus.jpg|right|thumb|220px|Dazman Beach, Redrugus, on the hottest Day in 2018.]]
Great Morstaybishlia has a climate that varies. Most of Morstaybishlia is temperate, with plentiful rainfall all year round. The temperature varies with the seasons seldom dropping below −5 °C (23 °F) or rising to 42 °C (107.6 °F) in the north, and dropping below -15 °C (5 °F) or rising to 24 °C (75.2 °F) in the south. The southern regions of
In most of the Flizon Jungle and parts of the Jubrione, there is no dry season. The Flizon has an average precipitation value of at least 60 mm (2.4 in) per month whilst the Jubrione has around 304 mm (12 in) per month. Tropical rainforests and tropical evergreen rainforests have no summer or winter; it is typically hot and wet throughout the year and rainfall is both heavy and frequent and in the Jubrione very unpredictable. One day in these climates can be very similar to the next, while the change in temperature between day and night may be larger than the average change in temperature during the year. The Jubrione is considerably temperate, between 16 °C and 22 °C or 60.8 °F and 73 °F degrees. The northern Jubrione coast is the hottest, at an average of 23 °C. The Jubrione maintains annual humidity levels of 77%. The Flizon Jungle in
[[File:The Harsh Winter of 1943 in South Staynes.jpg|left|thumb|220px|Morstaybishlian army troops clearing snow from a railway cutting, 1943.]]
The location of the Zycannes, as well as the great variations in their elevations and exposure, give rise to very large differences in climate, not only among separate ranges but also within a particular range itself. Because of their central location in Aurora, the Zycannes are affected by four main climatic influences: from the north and west flows the relatively mild, moist air of the Packilvanian; cool or cold polar air descends from southwestern Aurora; continental air masses, cold and dry in winter and hot in summer, dominate in the east; and, to the south, dry Azure air flows northward. The average temperature in the foothills of the Zycannes is around 13 °C to 18 °C.
The highest recorded temperature was during the 2018 summer in the Staynish interior when the mercury hit 47.5 °C (117.5 °F) in Iron Valley, Jersia Desert, whilst the lowest recorded was during the Great Freeze of 1943 (the most brutal winter Aurora had seen in over three centuries), where during the blizzard filled night of 26 June the temperature was recorded at -24 °C (-11.2 °F) over the town of Keltucka,
==Territories and dependencies==
Great Morstaybishlia has sovereignty over seventeen territories which do not form part of the MBE itself: fifteen Morstaybishlian Overseas Territories and two Crown dependencies.
The nineteen Morstaybishlian Overseas Territories are remnants of the [[Morstaybishlian Empire]]: they are [[Andomi]], Eskomia, Neptentia Islands, Detention Islands, [[Louzaria]], [[
The Crown dependencies are possessions of the Crown, as opposed to overseas territories of the MBE. They comprise two independently administered jurisdictions: the [[Necraties Islands]] and [[
The Morstaybishlian dependencies all use the same currency as Great Morstaybishlia, the [[Kirib]].
== Politics ==
''See also: [[
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The politics of Great Morstaybishlia take place in the framework of a [[wikipedia:unitary state|unitary state]] under a constitutional monarchy. The [[wikipedia:Monarch|monarch]] and head of state of Great Morstaybishlia is [[Lambertus VII]]. The monarch occupies a largely symbolic position with limited powers. In practice the monarch is limited to the following powers: receiving diplomats, signing laws without the power to veto them and signing treaties without the power to ratify them, and opening sessions of the legislature. The Constitution of Great Morstaybishlia is a supreme legal document that keeps checks and balances within government.
A body of aristocrats and distinguished people, called the Privy Council, advises the monarch on the exercise of their duties with some committees such as the [[Cabinet of Great Morstaybishlia|Cabinet]], having taken over much of the work of ruling from the Crown.
===Government===
[[File:Kalmington Palace 2021.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Kalmington Palace, seat of both houses of the Samming of Great Morstaybishlia.]]
The Morstaybishlian parliamentary government is based on the [[Wikipedia:Westminster system|Kalmington system]] of some modern parliamentary constitutional monarchies, and that is emulated in some former colonies after 1917 and instated in 2 of the 4 nations in the [[Ethalns]] after the [[Auroran-Cerenerian War]]. The government is divided into two branches: an elected [[Folk's Hall]] and an appointed [[Lord's Hall]]. All bills passed are given Royal Assent before becoming law.
The position of [[High Elderthane of Great Morstaybishlia|high elderthane]] is the head of government of Great Morstaybishlia. The position belongs to the person most likely to command the confidence of the Folks; this individual is typically the leader of the political party or coalition of parties that holds the largest number of seats in that chamber. By convention, the monarch respects the high elderthane's decisions of government.
The cabinet is drawn from members of the high elderthane's party or coalition and mostly from the Folk's Hall but always from both legislative houses, the cabinet being responsible for both. The work is divided according to topics called portfolios occupied by Thanes of the Crown. Other executive officials may attend cabinet meetings but may not vote. Executive power is exercised by the high elderthane and cabinet, all of who are sworn into the Privy Council of Great Morstaybishlia, and become Thanes of the Crown. The current High Elderthane is [[Franklin Barvata]] who has held office since 23 September 2021. Barvata is also the leader of the [[Progress Party (MBE)|Progress Party]]. For elections to the Folk's Hall, the MBE is divided into 1,794 constituencies, each electing a single Folkspart (FP) by [[wikipedia:plurality voting|simple plurality]]. General elections are called by the monarch when the high elderthane so advises. The Fixed-term Sammings Act 1946 required that a new election must be called no later than seven years after the previous general election.
The government is heavily centralised in [[Sani Bursil]] and handles matters such as defence, currency, trade, treaties, property rights, public health care, education, and land management. Territorial governments such as [[Louzaria]] and [[Joralesia]] are restricted to issues such as housing, water, power, sanitation and local roads. The national government has a large degree of control over their internal affairs.
[[File:PMs of MBE JUL2021.png|left|thumb|700px|High Elderthanes since the Samming of 1917.]]
The [[Principles of Democracy Party]], the [[Progress Party (MBE)|Progress Party]] and the [[Civic Party (MBE)|Civic Party]] have, in modern times, been the MBE's three major political parties, representing the Morstaybishlian traditions of conservatism, socialism and centrism, respectively. Most of the remaining seats were won by parties that contest elections only in one party of the MBE: Jusdelvic Unionist Party and Jusdelvic Independence Party (Jusdelva only); and the Marislian Independence Party (Marislia only). In accordance with party policy, no elected Marislian Independence Party folkspart have ever attended the Folk's Hall to speak on behalf of their constituents because of the requirement to take an oath of allegiance to the monarch.
==== History of constituencies ====
[[File:
In 1917, Morstaybishlia converted from absolutism to parliamentary democracy and the first mention of constituencies were made. After the Great War, Morstaybishlia's territory looked very different; [[Axdel]],
=== Provinces ===
The history of local government in Great Morstaybishlia differs between Staynes,
Thirty four provinces of Staynes and thirty two provinces of Kaltairezh share the same borders as the pre-1917 dukedoms, and comprise of shires, realms and territories. The four coastal and two northernmost of the sixteen provinces of Valeria are the same, whilst the rest are modern realms. Judelva's provinces are all named after historic dukedoms, though they are all modern realms.
=== Law enforcement and crime ===
[[File:
Great Morstaybishlia does not have a single legal system as the 1515 Treaty of Union provided for the continuation of Kaltariezh's separate legal system. Today the MBE has three distinct systems of law: Staynish law, Kaltariz law and Valerian law. The Supreme Court of Great Morstaybishlia came into being in 1917 to replace the Royal Courts, which had been previously used since 1036. The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, including the same members as the Supreme Court, is the highest court of appeal for several independent Commonwealth countries, the [[Morstaybishlian Empire|Morstaybishlian Overseas Territories]] and the Crown Dependencies.
Both Staynish law, which applies in Staynes and Jusdelva, and Valerian law are based on common-law principles. The essence of common law is that, subject to statute, the law is developed by judges in courts, applying statute, precedent and common sense to the facts before them to give explanatory judgements of the relevant legal principles, which are reported and binding in future similar cases (''stare decisis''). The courts of Staynes and Jusdelva are headed by the Senior Courts of Staynes and Jusdelva, consisting of the Appeals Court, the Justice High Court (for civil cases) and the Royal Court (for criminal cases). The Supreme Court is the highest court in the land for both criminal and civil appeal cases in Staynes, Valeria and Jusdelva and any decision it makes is binding on every other court in the same jurisdiction, often having a persuasive effect in other jurisdictions.
In Staynes, Valeria and Jusdelva, The Court of Magistrates conduct trials. They are ranked according to the affairs and geographical area over which their jurisdiction extends. In order of least to highest, they are as follows: ward (or parish), borough (or shire), county (or district), then region (or province).
Kaltariz law is a hybrid system based on both common-law and civil-law principles. The chief courts are the Conclave, for civil cases, and the Jurat High Court, for criminal cases. The Supreme Court of Great Morstaybishlia serves as the highest court of appeal for civil cases under Kaltariz law. Sheriff courts deal with most civil and criminal cases including conducting criminal trials with a jury, known as sheriff solemn court, or with a sheriff and no jury, known as sheriff summary Court. The Kaltariz legal system is unique in having three possible verdicts for a criminal trial: "guilty", "not guilty" and "not proven". Both "not guilty" and "not proven" result in an acquittal.
[[File:RPS Calinton.jpg|left|thumb|230px|RPS Calinton is the largest adult male prison in the MBE.]]
Each province possesses a police force under the authority of the provincial government. The national government controls law enforcement agencies that deal with particularly complex or multijurisdictional cases and provides support to province police. Some larger cities, such as [[Sani Bursil]], [[Rouanezkador]] and Kirdintayos maintain their own police forces. Generally the law enforcement is disciplined and impartial. In recent years, more pressure has been put on policing in the MBE as staffing shortages have increased, which has led to breaches in security such as the [[Prince Thadeus, Duke of Horkalo#Assassination|Assassination of Prince Thadeus]]. As recently as 2016 this policing shortage has been called a national emergency.
Crime in Staynes, Valeria and Jusdelva increased in the period between 1976 and 1983, and then again between 1993 and 1997, though since that peak there has been an observed fall of 39 per cent in recorded crime from 1997 to 2007, according to crime statistics. However, as crimes have increased since 2016, the prison population of Great Morstaybishlia has increased to 2 million, giving the MBE the highest rate of incarceration in the [[Wikipedia:Southern hemisphere|southern hemisphere]] at 388 per 100,000. The Royal Prison Service (RPS), which reports to the Thaning of Justice, manages most of the prisons within metropolitan MBE, whilst the Jusdelva Prisons Committee (JPC) is independent. The murder rate in Great Morstaybishlia has increased in the second half of the 2010s with a murder rate around 3 per 100,000 which is double the peak in 2008, the highest year in that decade. Morstaybishlia's prisons are overcrowded and the prison population is increasing.
Although many nations have abolished [[Wikipedia:Capital punishment|capital punishment]], it is sanctioned in the MBE for certain civilian and military crimes, though this excludes Jusdelva. Executions are not commonplace, thought to be due to long prison sentences, good education and supplementary social welfare programs. Since 2000, there have been 159 executions. In recent years the number of executions and presence of capital punishment statute on whole has trended down nationally.
=== Foreign Relations ===
Great Morstaybishlia has an established structure of foreign relations. The MBE has a seat on the [[International Forum|International Forum Security Council]]. The MBE is a permanent member of the [[UNAC|United Nations of the Auroran Continent]], where Sani Bursil holds secondary and tertiary functions for the Auroran Parliament, Auroran Commission and Council of the UNAC. Historically, the Bank of Staynes issued the legal tender of the UNAC's predecessor, the [[Auroran Continental Assembly]]. Almost all countries have embassies in Sani Bursil or Rouanezkador, and many have consulates around the country. Likewise, nearly all nations host Morstaybishlian diplomatic missions.
Great Morstaybishlia observes close relationships with [[Axdel]], [[The Oan Isles]], [[Kurandia]], and to a lesser extent [[Packilvania]]. As a member of the [[IRSA|Intercontinental Regional Security Accords]], the MBE works closely with its fellow members on military and security issues. The MBE heads the [[Morstaybishlian Economic Sphere]] and Morstaybishlian Commonwealth. It is a Permanent Invitee to the [[OFAC]], and has Observer Status in the [[Alliance of Northwest Gondwana]] and the [[League of Novaris]].
Morstaybishlia exerts a large global presence and influence is further amplified through its trading relations, foreign investments, official development assistance and military engagements. Historically, [[Rodenia]] was the MBE's closest ally in [[Arcturia]], though this changed since [[Kirk Santon]] seized power.
=== Military ===
''Main article: [[Royal Armed Forces of the Empire]]''
[[File:
[[File:
[[File:
''The Royal Armed Forces of the Empire'' (''RAFOTE''), also known as ''His Majesty's Armed Forces'' (''HM's Armed Forces'')
The [[Imperial Navy]] controls three sub branches: the Imperial Marines (an amphibious infantry), the Imperial Coast Guard (a maritime law enforcement branch) and the Imperial Missile Force. The Army forms the land component. It controls another sub branch called the Gendarmerie, a paramilitary force, and the [[Redplate Guard]]. The Imperial Air Force forms the air branch and controls the air defence sub branch.
[[File:AH-1 Viper.jpg|left|thumb|
The military has a total active manpower of 2.74 million soliders and a reserve manpower of 1.81 million soldiers. The Army has 1.3 million active soldiers in total. The Air Force has 720K airmen and women in total. The Navy has 798K sailors in total. The total budget of the
The main standard issue infantry rifle is the
The navy has 254 commissioned ships, which include submarines and auxiliary ships. The composition of the 254 commissioned ships include 14 air craft carriers (with three under construction, in development or planned); the navy also has two amphibious assault docks, 15 ballistic missile submarines (which maintains the MBE's nuclear superiority), 44 nuclear fleet submarines, 6 guided missile cruisers, 57 guided missile destroyers, 55 frigates, 25 patrol boats and 11 mine countermeasures, plus 27 ships of the Imperial Fleet Auxiliary (IFA); the IFA replenishes Imperial Navy warships at sea. Women and homosexuals are allowed to join the armed forces. They are trained in [[wikipedia:Krav Maga|Krav Maga]] hand to hand combat.
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== Economy ==
===Overview===
[[File:900px-Kirib symbol.png|right|thumb|180px|The [[Kirib]] (symbol: ♅; ISO code: KRB) is the official currency of Great Morstaybishlia, the [[UNAC]] countries and most former and all current Morstaybishlian colonies.]]
Great Morstaybishlia has a partially regulated market economy. Based on market exchange rates, Great Morstaybishlia is today the largest economy in the world. HM Treasury, led by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, is responsible for developing and executing the government's public finance policy and economic policy. The [[Kirib]], which is the legal tender, originated in Great Morstaybishlia. Historically, the Kirib was issued by the Bank of Staynes in Sani Bursil, Staynes, but is presently issued by the [[Auroran Central Bank]] in Tarov, [[Tivot]], printed by the Staynish Bank Note Company and minted by the Royal Staynish Mint. The Bank of Staynes is the MBE's central bank and continues to act as a [[Wikipedia:Central bank|central bank]] in other respects such as regulating the banking sector, acting as a lender to banks and managing the nation's gold reserves. Great Morstaybishlia has gold reserves of 172 billion KRB.
The Kirib is the world's second-largest reserve currency (after the SH Dollar). Since 1995 the Bank of Staynes' Monetary Policy Committee, headed by the Governor of the Bank of Staynes, has been responsible for setting interest rates at the level necessary to achieve the overall inflation target for the economy that is set by the Chancellor each year.
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Great Morstaybishlia follows a free market model. Intellectual and physical property rights are respected. Businesses operate freely. There are some regulations to protect small businesses and poor households. Collective bargaining is legal. Overtime and leave days are guaranteed. There are laws to protect consumers from scams, unsafe products and excessive prices. There are taxes on the wealthy. There are some welfare programs to support the poor.
Great Morstaybishlia has a GDP of 15.47 trillion KRB. Great Morstaybishlia has a GDP per capita of 30 thousand KRB. The unemployment rate is at 6%, with the unemployment in
The agricultural industry makes up 3% of the economy. The biggest sectors are grain, meat and dairy. The manufacturing industry makes up 17% of the economy. The biggest sectors are transportation equipment, industrial machinery, petroleum and petroleum products, electrical machinery, office machines and data processing equipment, power-generating machinery, organic chemicals, precision instruments, and iron and steel. The mining industry makes up 4% of the economy. The biggest manufacturer of electronics in the world, [[Primrose Inc.]], originates from [[Fort Staynes]] in Great Morstaybishlia. The services sector makes up 52% of the economy. The biggest sectors are creative industries, education, health and social work, financial and business services, hotels and restaurants, public administration and defence, transport, storage and communication, wholesale and retail trade, real estate and renting activities and tourism.
Great Morstaybishlia has the biggest financial sector in the world, [[Sani Bursil]]. The second largest bank in the world, LabiaTurtle Bank, originates from Great Morstaybishlia.
Great Morstaybishlia's biggest trade partners are [[Packilvania
===Science and technology===
Great Morstaybishlia spent about 1.1% of its GDP (approximately ♅170 billion) on [[Wikipedia:Research and development|research and development]] in 2022, with the world's highest budget. It ranked first worldwide in the number of scientific publications in 2022, with roughly 8.2 million papers. Great Morstaybishlia is typically considered to produce high quality scientific research in a major 2020 survey of international scientists, and has made many integral scientific discoveries leading to hundreds of [[Fidal Prize|Fidal Prizes]] in physics, chemistry, and medicine, the most recent awarded to Dame Rosamund Rothgerus for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science.
Great Morstaybishlia is furthermore home to the headquarters of numberous global technology firms. It has one of the highest levels of access to the Internet in the world, with more than 494.7 million users, equivalent to around 95.9 percent of its total 2021 population.
===Transport===
[[File:MBE bullet train.jpg|right|thumb|250px|BURAET Bullet train.]]
The railway network of Morstaybishlia, which as of 2019 stretches 265,847 kilometres (165,190 mi) is the most extensive in Aurora. The rail network was privatised between 2005 and 2009, which was followed by a rapid rise in passenger numbers following years of decline, although the factors behind this are disputed. There's 3,945 kilometers (2,451 mi) of rail network in
The Aurostar runs all across Aurora; BURAET literally means ''Bur''sil to ''Aet''ernum and connects the two capitals whilst also travelling through other major conurbations. Rail connections exist to all other neighboring countries in Aurora, except Dragonia. Intra-urban connections are also well developed with both underground services (Sani Bursil, Redrugus, Kirdintayos,
[[File:Morst airplane.png|left|thumb|275px|Morstaybishlian Air is one of the biggest airlines in the world.]]
There are approximately 9,265,190 kilometres (5,757,122 mi) of serviceable roadway in Morstaybishlia, ranking it the most extensive network in the world. The Sani Bursil region is enveloped with the most dense network of roads and highways that connect it with virtually all parts of the country. Morstaybishlian roads also handle substantial international traffic, connecting with cities in neighboring North Ethalria,
There are 4,176 airports in Great Morstaybishlia. Fort Jubrayn Airport, located on the outskirts of Fort Jubrayn, is the largest and busiest airport in the country, handling the vast majority of popular and commercial traffic and connecting to virtually all major cities across the world. Morstaybishlian Air is the national carrier airline, although numerous private airline companies provide domestic and international travel services such as Jubrayn Airlines and Limhay Travel. Great Morstaybishlia handled a total of 1.256 billion passengers in 2018. There are twelve major ports in Great Morstaybishlia, the largest of which is in Fort Jubrayn
===Tourism===
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Access to improved water supply and sanitation in the MBE is universal. It is estimated that 97.1 per cent of households are connected to the sewer network. According to the Government Agency for the Environment (GAE), total water abstraction for public water supply in the MBE was 126,750 megalitres per day in 2009. Drinking water standards and wastewater discharge standards in the MBE are formerly determined by the UNAC.
In metropolitan MBE, water and sewerage services are provided by 37 private regional water and sewerage companies and 29 mostly smaller private "water only" companies. In
== Demographics ==
[[Image:List of cities in MBE by population.PNG|right|thumb|600px|Cities in Great Morstaybishlia by size]]
Great Morstaybishlia held a population census in May 2021 and recorded 515,889,582 people, making it the second most populous country in the world behind [[Packilvania]]. It has an urban population of 437,990,255 (83.90%), of which 179,576,005 (41%) is urban cities and 187,897,819 (42.9%) is urban towns. Barkoln is the most populous province, as the mean centre of Great Morstaybishlia's population has consistently shifted to the [[Sani Bursil|Cradle of Aurora]]. [[Sani Bursil]] is the most populous city, followed by
The total fertility rate in Great Morstaybishlia estimated for 2020 is 2.4 children per woman, which is above the replacement fertility rate of approximately 2.1. The Great Morstaybishlia Census Bureau shows a population increase of 3% for the twelve-month period ending in September 2014. This is considerably high by industrialised country standards, being above the world average annual rate of 1.1%.
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Whites constitute the majority of Great Morstaybishlia's population, with a total of 438.94 million or 91.53% of the population as of 2020. Non-Ethal or Non-Kostuv whites make up 76% of the country's population. Despite major changes due to immigration since the 1950s, and the higher birth-rates of nonwhites, the overall current majority of Morstaybishlian citizens are still white, and Staynish-speaking, though regional differences exist.
[[File:MBE population density by province.png|right|thumb|600px|Great Morstaybishlian provinces by population density; in this map it is clear which provinces of
The Morstaybishlian population almost quadroupled during the 20th century—at a growth rate of about (?)% a year—from about 90.2 million in 1900 to 381 million in 2000. It reached the 300 million mark in 1978, and the 400 million mark on the 26th of May 2007. According to the Census Bureau's estimation for 2015, 29.7% of Morstaybishlian children under the age of 1 belonged to minority groups.
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The Census Bureau projects a MBE population of 500 million in 2025, a (?)% increase from (?) ((?) million).
The average population density of Great Morstaybishlia is 81 people per square kilometer. On average,
===Ethnic groups===
[[File:Berowalt Penn.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Former table tennis world champion Berowalt Penn is an example of a southern Auroran with fair skin.]]
Historically, indigenous Morstaybishlian people were thought to be descended from the various ethnic groups that settled around the north coast of Aurora around 40 to 50 thousand BC: the Jubrites, Maltites and Kosites, who are thought to be the direct descendants of the Strathepolic people and the oldest ethnic group in the Aurora. A 2012 genetic study shows that more than 35% of the Morstaybishlian gene pool contains Salovian Y and Ethalrian Y chromosomes. Another 2015 genetic analysis indicates that "about 73% of the traceable ancestors of the modern Staynish population had arrived in the Staynish lands by about 10 thousand years ago, at the start of the Maltervenian Neolithic or Stone Age", and that the Staynish broadly share a common ancestry with the Axdelian people. A separate study conducted in
[[File:A Morst bride and groom.jpeg|right|thumb|250px|A bride and groom from Morstaybishlia who have the most common skin colour, found native to north Staynes and
Since the mid to late 19th century and the early 20th century substantial immigration from the Gordic Council and the Kuthern Commonwealth, the Caliphate, and Overseas Territories has been a legacy of ties forged by the Morstaybishlian Empire. Migration from UNAC (formerly ACA) member states in Western and Eastern Aurora since 2017 has resulted in growth in these population groups, although some of this migration has been temporary. Since the 2000s, there has been substantial diversification of the immigrant population, with migrants to the MBE coming from a much wider range of countries than previous waves, which tended to involve larger numbers of migrants coming from a relatively small number of countries.
Ethnic diversity varies significantly across Great Morstaybishlia. Just over 26% (11 million) of Sani Bursil's population and 25% of Aternum's was estimated to be non-white in 2017, whereas less than 5% of the populations of western-
During the early 20th century at the outbreak of the [[Great War]], Packilvanian migrants came in waves amounting up to nearly five million. After the war, Ethalrian and Salovian migrants numbered nearly 920,000. Staynes has had small
===Major cities===
Great Morstaybishlia is a highly urbanised country, with its top ten largest cities (in terms of metropolitan area population in 2021) being Bursil (17,450,424),
{{Largest cities
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|img_1 = Sani Bursil lower resolution.jpg
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| div_2 = Dovia
| pop_2 = 12,771,347
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===Languages===
[[File:Staynish Alphabet.jpg|right|thumb|220px|The Staynish alphabet.]]
Great Morstaybishlia's de facto official language is Staynish and
4 percent of the population are estimated to speak languages brought to the MBE as a result of relatively recent immigration. Cerenerian and Yasterian languages, including [[Packilvania|Packilvanian]]
There are two recognized regional languages spoken across Great Morstaybishlia:
In the 2017 Census over a forth (25.6%) of the population of the Province of Horkalo said they could speak Horkalic, an increase from the 2007 Census (23%). In addition it is estimated that about 200,000 Horkalese speakers live elsewhere in Staynes. Over 492,000 people in
It is compulsory for Staynish and
===Religion===
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[[Thaerism]] has dominated religious life in what is now Great Morstaybishlia for over 1200 years. Although a majority of citizens still identify with Thaerism in many surveys, regular temple attendance has fallen dramatically since the late 19th century, while immigration and demographic change have contributed to the growth of other faiths, most notably [[Paxism]]. This has led some commentators to variously describe Great Morstaybishlia as a multi-faith or secularised.
In the 2019 census 65.2 per cent of all respondents indicated that they were Thaerists, with the next largest faiths being Paxism (4 per cent), [[
The state recognises religious organisations according to formal legal criteria that do not address religious doctrine. Conversely, religious organisations are expected to refrain from intervening in policy-making. Certain groups are considered cults and therefore do not have the same status as recognised religions in Great Morstaybishlia. Cults are considered a pejorative term in Great Morstaybishlia.
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A government commission's report in 2014 found that privately educated people comprise 8% of the general population of the MBE but much larger percentages of the top professions, the most extreme case quoted being 70% of senior judges.
In Staynes,
===Healthcare===
Healthcare in Great Morstaybishlia is a devolved matter and each country has its own system of private and publicly funded health care, together with alternative, holistic and complementary treatments. Public healthcare is provided to all MBE permanent residents and is mostly free at the point of need, being paid for from general taxation. The UNAC, in 2019, ranked the provision of healthcare in Great Morstaybishlia as
Regulatory bodies are organised on a MBE-wide basis such as the General Medical Council, the Nursing and Midwifery Council and non-governmental-based, such as the Royal Colleges. However, political and operational responsibility for healthcare lies with four national executives; healthcare in Staynes and
==Culture==
The culture of Great Morstaybishlia has been influenced by many factors including: the nation's Auroran status; its history as a western liberal democracy and as a superpower; as well as being a political union of four countries with each preserving elements of distinctive traditions, customs and symbolism. As a result of the [[Morstaybishlian Empire]], Morstaybishlian influence can be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former and current colonies including
===Freedoms and rights===
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===Literature===
The earliest Morstaybishlian literature dates from the early Middle Ages during the [[Staynes#Second Interregnum Period|Second Interregnum Period]], when what is now known as modern Staynes did not have a single, uniform language. There was several languages and dialects, and writers used their own spelling and grammar. During the Middle Staynish language period, most literature was written in the same language except for splinter dialects in what is now Horkalo and Valeria.
Much medieval Staynish poetry and literature were inspired by the legends of [[Pip the Gallant]] and his predecessors in the [[Staynnica|Kingdom of Staynnica]]. Other medieval poetry and literature hailing from
After the printing press was introduced in
[[File:Riannius Belver.jpg|left|thumb|175px|Riannius Belver, the founding father of Morstaybishlian literature.]]
The Romantic period was one of major social change in Staynes (at the time included Valeria) and Kaltariezh, because of the depopulation of the countryside and the rapid development of overcrowded industrial cities, that took place in the period roughly between 1750 and 1850. The movement of so many people in Staynes and Kaltariezh was the result of two forces: the Agricultural Revolution, that involved the Enclosure of the land, drove workers off the land, and the Industrial Revolution which provided them employment. Romanticism may be seen in part as a reaction to the Industrial Revolution, though it was also a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment, as well a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature.
During the reigns of [[Florence II]], [[Frederick III]] and [[Rosamund II]] (1810-1897) the novel became the leading literary genre in Staynish. Women played an important part in this rising popularity both as authors and as readers. Satirical novels and plays were very common. Poetry of this era was heavily influenced by the romantics, but also went off in its own directions. Particularly notable was the development of [[wikipedia:Dramatic monologue|dramatic monologue]], a form used by many poets in this period. Drama changed in this period with a profusion on Bursil stage of [[wikipedia:Farce|farces]], [[wikipedia:Victorian burlesque|musical burlesques]], [[wikipedia:extravaganzas|extravaganzas]] and [[wikipedia:comic operas|comic operas]].
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===Architecture===
[[File:Batak Toba House.jpg|right|thumb|200px|A traditional Manou architecture building in Marlou,
On continental Auroran, the architecture of Great Morstaybishlia has a long, rich and diverse history. Every major Auroran style from Maltervenic to Postmodern is represented, including renowned examples of Maltesque, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Classical, Modern and International Style architecture.
[[File:Hamasin's wall near Montinay.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Hamasin's Wall, a historic border-wall with the Kormistazic Empire created in c.200 BCE by the First Maltervenian Empire, which stretches across the Molvian Corridor.]]
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===Music===
Throughout its history, Great Morstaybishlia has been a major producer and source of musical creation, drawing its artistic basis from the wealth of music from many cultures across the four constituent countries.
[[File:Lyre as depicted in ancient Valeria.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Detailed illustration found in modern day Valeria, showing a lyre being played by an Usprian elf in ancient Valeria.]]
Researchers have discovered archaeological evidence of musical instruments in many parts of Morstaybishlia. Some artifacts have been dated to 55,000 years old, [[File:12 Hole Ocarina.jpg|right|thumb|150px|The [[wikipedia:Ocarina|Ocarina]] originated from Morstaybishlia.]] such as a Valerian flute made from an animal bone which was dated between 35,000 and 40,000 years old, while critics often dispute the findings. Consensus solidifying about artifacts dated back to around 27,000 years old and later. Artifacts made from durable materials, or constructed using durable methods, have been found to survive.
Images of musical instruments begin to appear in Valerian artifacts in 3500 BC or earlier. Beginning around 3000 BC, Valerian (elven) culture began delineating two distinct classes of musical instruments due to division of labour and the evolving class system. Popular instruments, simple and playable by anyone, evolved differently from professional instruments whose development focused on effectiveness and skill. Only few examples from these time periods have been recovered. Even the process of assigning names to these instruments is challenging since there is no clear distinction among various instruments and the words used to describe them. Although Valerian artists mainly depicted ceremonial instruments, historians have distinguished that wind-based and string-based instruments were prominent in earlier Valerian society, creating [[Wikipedia:African harp|bow harps]], [[Wikipedia:Harps|harps]] and [[Wikipedia:Lyres|lyres]], as well as [[Wikipedia:Paleolithic flutes|bone flutes]].
During the period of time loosely referred to as the Middle Ages, Staynes and
[[File:ISFJ - 1.JPG|left|thumb|200px|The [[Wikipedia:Slide trumpet|slide trumpet]] was invented in 18th century Staynes.]]
[[File:The_Duet_c1635_by_Saftleven.jpg|right|thumb|250px|''The Duo'', by Staynish painter Arnos Buzolia, c. 1639; showing a [[Wikipedia:Violin|violinist]] and a [[Wikipedia:Cittern|cittern]] player.]]
Morstaybishlia had a large impact in musical instrument development from the 15th century onwards. Instruments took on other purposes than accompanying singing or dance, and performers used them as solo instruments, especially in the upper echelons of society. [[Wikipedia:Keyboard instrument|Keyboards]] and [[Wikipedia:Lute|lutes]] developed as polyphonic instruments, and composers arranged increasingly complicated pieces using advances in [[Wikipedia:Tablature|tablature]] techniques. Composers also began designing pieces of music for specific instruments. In the latter half of the sixteenth century, [[Wikipedia:Orchestration|orchestration]] came into common practice as a method of writing music for a variety of instruments.
Beginning in the seventeenth century, composers began writing works to a higher emotional degree. Bowed instruments such as the [[Wikipedia:Violin|violin]], [[Wikipedia:Viola|viola]], [[Wikipedia:Baryton|baryton]], and various lutes dominated popular music. Beginning in around 1755, however, the lute disappeared from musical compositions in favor of the rising popularity of the [[Wikipedia:Guitar|guitar]]. As the prevalence of [[Wikipedia:String orchestra|string orchestras]] rose, wind instruments such as the flute, [[Wikipedia:Oboe|oboe]], and [[Wikipedia:Bassoon|bassoon]] were readmitted to counteract the monotony of hearing only strings. This period saw the [[Wikipedia:Slide trumpet|slide trumpet]] invented in Staynes. [[File:E-mu Modular System @ Cantos (trapezoid transformed).jpg|right|thumb|200px|This modular synthesizer designed in Bursil is one of the first modern ''polyphonic synthesizers''.]] [[File:Bee Gees Midnight Special 1973.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Morstaybishlian band The Swallows in 1963; one of the most successful pop bands of all time.]]
During the Classical and Romantic periods of music, lasting from roughly 1750 to 1900, many musical instruments capable of producing new timbres and higher volume were developed and introduced into popular music. The design changes that broadened the quality of timbres allowed instruments to produce a wider variety of expression. Large orchestras rose in popularity and, in parallel, the composers determined to produce entire orchestral scores that made use of the expressive abilities of modern instruments. New instruments such as the [[Wikipedia:Clarinet|clarinet]], [[Wikipedia:Saxophone|saxophone]], and [[Wikipedia:Tuba|tuba]] became fixtures in orchestras.
[[File:Morst folk band.jpg|left|thumb|250px|
The proliferation of [[Wikipedia:Electricity|electricity]] in the 20th century lead to the creation of an entirely new category of musical instruments: electronic instruments, or [[Wikipedia:Electrophones|electrophones]]. The latter half of the 20th century saw the evolution of [[Wikipedia:Synthesizer|synthesizers]] and adoption of [[Wikipedia:Sampler (musical instrument)|samplers]].
Each of the four countries of Great Morstaybishlia has its own diverse and distinctive [[Wikipedia:Folk music|folk music]] forms. Folk music has existed here since antiquity, and flourished until the era of industrialisation when it began to be replaced by new forms of popular music, including [[Wikipedia:Music hall|music hall]] and [[Wikipedia:Brass band|brass bands]]. Realisation of this led to academics and amateur scholars taking note of the musical traditions being lost, and over three waves, one in the late-19th century, one in the mid-20th century and one at the start of the 21st century; initiated various efforts to preserve the music of the people. The most notable effort involved was the collection of the texts of over three hundred [[Wikipedia:Ballads|ballads]] in the Staynish and
Forms of popular music, including folk music, [[Wikipedia:Jazz|jazz]], [[Wikipedia:Rapping|rapping]]/[[Wikipedia:Hip hop music|hip hop]], [[Wikipedia:Pop music|pop]] and [[Wikipedia:Rock music|rock music]], have particularly flourished in Great Morstaybishlia since the twentieth century. Morstaybishlia has had a large influence on popular music due to its size, and due to its linguistic and cultural links with many countries, particularly [[Peregrinia]] and [[Emberwood Coast]] and many of its former colonies, and its capacity for invention, innovation and fusion, which has led to the development of, or participation in, many of the major trends in popular music. In the early-20th century, influences from the [[Free Pax States]] became most dominant in popular music, with young performers producing their own versions of [[Cereneria|Cerenerian]] music, including [[Wikipedia:Rock and roll|rock n' roll]] from the late 1950s and developing a parallel music scene. This is particularly true since the early 1960s when the Morstaybishlian Invasion, led by The Swallows, helped to secure Morst performers a major place in development of pop and rock music. Since then, rock music and popular music contributed to a Morst-SEY collaboration, with genres being exchanged and exported to one another, where they tended to be adapted and turned into new movements, only to be exported back again. Genres originating in or radically developed by Morstaybishlian musicians include [[Wikipedia:Blues rock|blues rock]], [[Wikipedia:Heavy metal music|heavy metal]], [[Wikipedia:Progressive rock|progressive rock]], [[Wikipedia:Ska|ska]], [[Wikipedia:Hard rock|hard rock]], [[Wikipedia:Punk rock|punk rock]], [[Wikipedia:Bhangra (music)|Bhangra]], Morst [[Wikipedia:Folk rock|folk rock]], [[Wikipedia:Folk punk|folk punk]], [[Wikipedia:Acid jazz|acid jazz]], [[Wikipedia:Trip hop|trip hop]], [[Wikipedia:Shoegaze|shoegaze]], [[Wikipedia:Drum and bass|drum and bass]], [[Wikipedia:Gothic rock|goth rock]], [[Wikipedia:Grime (music genre)|grime]], [[Wikipedia:Afroswing|gondoswing]], [[Wikipedia:List of industrial music genres|industrial]] and [[Wikipedia:Dubstep|dubstep]].
===Fashion and clothing===
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Dress norms in Great Morstaybishlia are generally consistent with those of post-industrial nations and have become largely informal since the mid-20th century. Clothing in Great Morstaybishlia also depends on a variety of factors including location, venue, and demographic factors such as ethnicity. [[Wikipedia:Jeans|Jeans]] are a consistent fashion trend among all classes, with variations being vast in both price and style.
[[Wikipedia:Conspicuous consumption|Conspicuous consumption]] and a desire for quality has led to a strong preference for designer label clothing among many in the middle and upper classes. The tolerance of body expression that deviates from the mainstream, such as complete body tattoos or nudism, is strongly linked to the sub-culture and location in which an individual may find themselves. The tolerance shown for personal expression such as cross-dressing and piercings varies greatly with location and sub-culture, and may be completely appropriate in one venue while being [[Wikipedia:Taboo|taboo]] in another.
Cities such as [[Sani Bursil]], Kasidura, Aurus, Credita, Khaeron and Aegis are known for their fashion and cosmetics markets. Smaller, but nonetheless prominent fashion destinations are Montinay, Sperry, Rosamundport, Springsfire, Cavenhelm, Kingsfort, Mathens and Burkash.
Particular regions and cities are known for their specialties, such as Aurus for casual attire and womenswear, Credita and the general north coast for eco-conscious fashion, Kasidura for formal menswear and Montinay for their swimwear. Sani Bursil is known for a variety of fashion categories and is the premier fashion destination in the Morstaybishlian market. Sandals, thinner and airier fabrics and lighter colour and pastels are found more commonly in the north where it is hotter and more humid. Fast-fashion and cosmetics industries have cropped up in many of the more highly urban cities.
[[Wikipedia:Bucket hat|Bucket hats]] are a common summers item, whilst [[Wikipedia:Aran jumper|cardigans]] are common in winter. Besides the south coast, winters are mild and as such thicker and warmer clothes are not as prevalent. [[Wikipedia:Flat cap|Flat caps]], [[Wikipedia:Wellington boot|wellington boots]] and [[Wikipedia:Tweed#Types of tweed|silk tweeds]], among others, are found across the countryside. [[Wikipedia:Clog (British)|Clogs]] emerged in the Industrial Revolution and are still seen today.
===Visual art===
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[[File:Ferdinand I, King of Romania, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen.jpg|right|thumb|125px|''Portrait of [[Thadeus I|Thadeus I]]'', by Sir Alvin Gaskin-Bishops, 1916.]]
[[File:Pinkie detailed.jpg|left|thumb|150px|Tommeigh Lawton, ''Divine Elf'', 1790.]]
Morstaybishlian art refers to all forms of visual art in or associated with the country, and encompasses Staynish art,
The training of artists, which had long been neglected, began to improve in the 18th century through government and private initiatives, and greatly expanded in the 19th century. Public exhibitions and the later opening of museums brought art to a wider public, especially in Sani Bursil. In the 19th century publicly displayed religious art once again became popular after a virtual absence for over a hundred years.
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===Cuisine===
[[File:Traditional Morstaybishlian roast dinner.png|right|thumb|230px|A traditional roast dinner.]] Morstaybishlian cuisine is the heritage of cooking traditions and practices associated with Great Morstaybishlia through centuries of social and political changes, with roots as far back as the 6th century. It is a mixture of southwestern cuisine (especially Toranslic) and the wider Maltervic cuisine. Morstaybishlian cuisine has historically been divided into town, castle, monastic, parsonage, cottage and farmhouse cuisines. Significant changes occured come the advent of colonialism, which profoundly enriched its native cooking traditions, bringing items such as tomatoes, potatoes, and many root vegetables that became main ingredients of the cuisine starting in the late 17th century. Due to the variety of Morstaybishlian cultural and natural landscapes, there are more than forty five distinct regional cuisines with an abundance of difference in taste and presentation. Morstaybishlian cuisine is popular around the world.
[[File:Hobstiberry pie.jpg|left|thumb|140px|Hobstiberry pie, Morstaybishlia's most famous sweet dish.]]
Morstaybishlian cuisine is rich in fish, fruits, vegetables, game meats, potatoes, pastas and creams. It is characterised by its simplicity and variety, relying heavily on traditional products. North coast cuisine comprise primarily of lighter pasta dishes with fish, fruits and vegetables, and widely incorporate olives and olive oil in meals such as roasted vegetable and seafood pasta, baked cod and roasted vegetables, fish stew and vegetable paten. The inland shire regions and Toransla incorporate heavier ingredients such as pastries, game meats, potatoes and other root vegetables. Traditional meals include [[Wikipedia:Sunday roast|roast dinner]], [[Wikipedia:Game pie|game pie]], [[File:Morstaybishlian roasted vegetable and prawn pasta.jpg|right|thumb|210px|Roasted vegetable and prawn pasta from Marlinia.]][[Wikipedia:Shepherd's pie|shepherd's pie]], stews (for example [[Wikipedia:Clay pot cooking|claypot]] beef and potato), fruit pies (for example [[Hobstiberry|hobstiberry pie]] and [[wikipedia:Banoffee pie|Banoffee pie]]), and cheese dishes. [[Wikipedia:Gouda cheese|Gowder]], [[Wikipedia:Dorset Blue Vinney|Albreshire Blue]] and [[Wikipedia:Duddleswell cheese|Suwold]] are national cheeses.
Morstaybishlian cooking has been influenced by foreign ingredients and cooking styles since the Middle Ages. [[wikipedia:Squid sandwich|Squid baguettes]] (formerly known as ''squid breads'') were introduced from [[New Leganes]] and adapted to Morst tastes from the eighteenth century. [[Tavaris|Tavari]] cuisine influenced Morst recipes throughout the late 17th and early 18th centuries, most notably [[wikipedia:Ceviche#Preparation and variants|Sevišala]]. After the rationing of the [[Great War]], Packilvanian cuisine became heavily popular, featuring meals which mainly featured rice with easy to cultivate root vegetables and pea variants. Another popular Packilvanian dish was [[wikipedia:Tajine|Tajine]] when meats became more easily available.
Great Morstaybishlia has a large winemaking tradition, with the realm of Oglota being a protected winemaking region and one of the largest exporters of wines globally. Morstaybishlia is also a major producer of cider, beer and whiskey and liqueurs.
===Media===
''See also: [[List of political magazines of Great Morstaybishlia]]''
The [[MBC]], founded in 1917, is Great Morstaybishlia's publicly funded radio, television and Internet broadcasting corporation, and is the oldest and largest broadcaster in the world. It operates numerous television and radio stations in the MBE and abroad and its domestic services are funded by the television licence. Other major players in the MBE media include STV, a media conglomerate of national broadcasters and newspapers; and the KS, who themselves dominate the media scene in Kaltariezh since the 1930s. Sani Bursil dominates the media sector in the MBE: national newspapers and television and radio are largely based there, although Rouanezkador is also a significant national media centre. Kirdintayos and Valeron, and Loeizaporzh, are important centres of newspaper and broadcasting production in Valeria and Jusdelva respectively. The MBE publishing sector, including books, directories and databases, journals, magazines and business media, newspapers and news agencies, has a combined turnover of around £141 billion and employs around 1.1 million people.
===Philosophy===
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===Sport===
[[File:
[[wikipedia:Football|Association football]] is the most popular sport in Morstaybishlia, varieties of which have been played in Morstaybishlia as far back as Maltervenic times. It has dominated the sport scene since the late 19th century. The Staynish national football team
At club level,
[[File:Gt3 championship.jpg|right|thumb|200px|2019 GT3 Championships, which the MBE won.]]
As is the case throughout the MBE, football in Staynes and
Great Morstaybishlia is one of the leading motor sports countries in the world. Constructors like [[Royal Redrugus]] and Kerpten are prominent manufacturers in motor sport. Morstaybishlia came first place in the 2019 GT3 Championships in [[Blueacia]]
[[File:Horse-racing-1.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Millions of people tune in annually for the National Horse Races.]]
Horse racing and greyhound racing are both popular in Morstaybishlia. There are frequent horse race meetings and greyhound stadiums are well-attended. The mainland is noted for the breeding and training of race horses and is also a large exporter of racing dogs. [[File:MBE tabletennis.png|right|thumb|250px|[[Wikipedia:Table tennis|Table tennis]] was invented in
Great Morstaybishlia fields a single national rugby team and a single association, the Morstaybishlian Rugby Football Union, governs the sport across the nation. The Morstaybishlian rugby team have played in every Rugby World Cup, winning in 2003 and 2015.
Today, Great Morstaybishlia is a major world sports powerhouse, with major sports in Morstaybishlia including [[Wikipedia:Table tennis|table tennis]], [[wikipedia:Tennis|tennis]], [[Wikipedia:Rugly union|rugby union]], [[wikipedia:Rugby league|rugby league]], [[wikipedia:Boxing|boxing]], [[wikipedia:Martial arts|martial arts]], [[wikipedia:swimming|swimming]] and other aquatic sports.
Physical fitness is widely emphasized in Morstaybishlian culture, with morning exercises widely practiced, and commercial gyms and private fitness clubs popular across the country.
===Diaspora===
===Traditions===
====Staynish Tar Barrels====
[[File:Staynish Tar Barrels.png|right|thumb|
Staynes typically stages annual national events on the night of 2 November, in a tradition dating from before records began, barrels soaked in tar are set alight and carried aloft through cities and towns by their residents.
The festivities begin in the early evening with children's, youths' and women's events, which culminate in the men's event. The barrels, increasing in size up to 40 kg, are carried through the city or town centre, often packed with onlookers, in an exhilarating and risky spectacle. Only those born in the town, or who have lived there for most of their lives, may carry a barrel. Generations of the same family have been known to compete across the years and it is thought that the event may have originated as a means of warding off evil spirits, similar to other Staynish fire festivals, around this time. In recent years the event has been jeopardised by the need for increasing public liability insurance coverage. Nevertheless, the event continues in many towns and cities with audiences occasionally exceeding well over 20,000 people. During the event all roads in and out of these events are closed for safety reasons with diversions in place.
====Oglota Wine Festival====
[[File:Oglota wine festival.jpg|left|thumb|240px|Oglota Wine Festival.]]
The Oglota Wine Festival is a summer festival primarily in the Oglota Province of
These such wine festivals across
After the mass, the Battle of Wine commences. The participants toss wine on each other until everyone is completely soaked. This is
After everyone has finished, people get together in couples and dance with grapevines whilst locking arms.
====Tea Drinking Championships====
On 28 April every year, many towns across Kaltariezh and Staynes observe a Tea Drinking Championship. An opponent is chosen to out drink the champion of the previous year in each town, from a large jug or from multiple tea cups. If they win, they become the champion. There are many under-card one versus one face offs that take place on a more casual setting at the same event to promote the tradition, whose origins are lost in history. The event doesn't usually last longer than half an hour.
===Symbolism===
The flag of Great Morstaybishlia is the Empire Flag. It was created in 1517 by culminating the design features from both the Flag of Staynes and the Flag of
The Golden Rose of Staynes originated as the prominent symbolism of the kings and queens of [[Staynnica]], which later became a symbol for national sovereignty and pride of the Staynish peoples. It's present across flags of the realm as well as in company logos and sport clubs and other advertising and logo styles.
The [[wikipedia:Lion_(heraldry)|heraldic lion]] is quite common around the world, and several countries incorporate it into their national coats of arms. In
===Public holidays and festivals===
Public holidays celebrated in Great Morstaybishlia include a mix of religious (Thaerism), national and regional observances. Each country is allowed to declare a maximum of 13 public holidays per year; up to 11 of these are chosen by the national government and at least two are chosen locally. Morstaybishlia's national day (Unity Day) is 11 January, the anniversary of the Union of the Thrones between Staynes and
There are many festivals and festivities in Morstaybishlia. Some of them are known worldwide, and every year millions of people from all over the world go to Morstaybishlia to experience one of these festivals. The most well known is Week of the Empire, celebrating the achievements of the Morstaybishlian Empire over a period of a week (seven days) between 9 and 15 November.
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| Unity Day
| 11 January
| This national holiday was established to celebrate the Union of Staynes and
|-
| [[Wikipedia:International Women's Day|International Women's Day]]
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| Peace Day
| 24 October
| Statutory bank holiday from 2018, celebrates peace in Aurora which is marked by the end of the [[Auroran-
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Summer solstice|Summer Celebration Day]]
|