Great Morstaybishlia: Difference between revisions

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[[Category: Dylan's links]] [[Category: Urth]] [[Category: Nations]] [[category: Aurora]] {{RP award}}
{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = UnitedImperial Kingdom of Great Morstaybishlia and Justelvard
| common_name = Great Morstaybishlia
| image_flag = NewNewest MBEMorst Flag (2023).png
| flag_caption = [[Wikipedia:Flag|Flag]]
| other_symbol = [[File:Coat of arms of MBE.png|50px]]
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| national_motto =
| national_anthem = [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ErVKHFG70Bs ''"March of the Fatherland"'']
| image_map = {{Switcher| [[File:1200px-Wiki2024 mapMap of Great Morstaybishlia (4 countries only) close up.png|300px|frameless]]
| Show map of Aurora| [[File:Great Morstaybishlia Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies.jpg|300px|frameless]]| Show overseas territories and Crown dependencies|default=1}}
| loctext =
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| largest_city = [[Sani Bursil]]
| languages_type = Official languages
| languages = [[wikipedia:English language|Staynish]] <br /> [[wikipedia:Breton language|CalthKaltareg]]<br> [[wikipediaWikipedia:Cook Islands Māori|JustelvardicJūs]]
| languages2_type = Recognised regional <br /> languages
| languages2 = <br /> Horkalic[[Wikipedia:Cornish language|Rombewek]] <br/> Axdelian <br /> [[wikipedia:German language|Ethalrian]] <br/> [[wikipedia:Georgian language|Salovian]]
| membership = [[Staynes]] <br /> [[CaltharusKaltariezh]] <br /> [[Valeria]] <br/> [[JustelvardJusdelva]]
| membership_type = Countries of Great Morstaybishlia
| ethnic_groups = 9568.41% [[wikipedia:humanHuman|Human]] <br /> 221.51% [[Species|ElfElvish]] <br> 17.2% [[Species|VulpineCava]] <br> 03.56% [[Species|LupineOther]] <br> 0.3% [[Feline]] <br> 0.1% other
| ethnic_groups_year = 20162024
| religion = {{Unbulleted list |item_style=white-space:nowrap;
| 65.2% [[Thaerism]]
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| established_event2 = Annexation of the [[Kormistazm|Kormistazmic Empire]]
| established_date2 = 1575
| established_event3 = Secession of [[NorogradAxdel]]
| established_date3 = 1970
| established_event4 = SecessionActs of [[Valeria]]Union of Great Morstaybishlia fromand [[StaynesJusdelva]]
| established_date4 = 19752016
| established_event5 = Acts of Union of Morstaybishlia and [[Valeria]]
| established_date5 = 1977
| established_event6 = Acts of Union of Great Morstaybishlia and [[Justelvard]]
| established_date6 = 2016
| area_km2 = 59402504335443
| area_sq_mi =
| population_estimate =
| population_estimate_year =
| population_census = {{increase}} 515436,889963,582967 (2nd)
| population_census_year = 20212024
| population_density_km2 = 86100.8478
| population_density_sq_mi =
| GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $15.478 trillion (1st)
| GDP_nominal_year = 20212024
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $3035,004421.7
| Gini = 0.3638
| Gini_year = 20182024
| HDI_year = 2018
| HDI = 0.94289904
| HDI_change = {{increase}}
| currency = [[Kirib]]
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| calling_code = +75
| cctld = .MB
| iso3166code = MBEMSB
| area_rank = 3rd
| GDP_PPP =
| GDP_PPP_year =
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}}
 
The '''UnitedImperial KingdomsKingdom of Great Morstaybishlia and Justelvard''', commonly known as '''Great Morstaybishlia''' (officially '''MBEMSB''', sometimesbut often informally abbreviated to the '''GMBMBE''') is a [[wikipedia:unitary state|unitary]] [[wikipedia:sovereign state|sovereign state]] and [[wikipedia:transcontinental country|transcontinental country]] in [[Aurora]] and southeastsouthern [[YasteriaCereneria]]. Great Morstaybishlia includes [[Staynes]], [[CaltharusKaltariezh]], [[Valeria]] and [[JustelvardJusdelva]], as well as other islands. Great Morstaybishlia shares land borders with thirteenseven countries (from left to right); [[Axdel]], [[ValericaQayam]], [[Rosalica]], [[Asilica]], [[DurentriaDrakaland]], [[North Ethalria]], [[ThalriaBlueacia]], [[NolovaTivot]], [[Tuvaltastan]],and [[VolovaMarislia]], [[Baykalia]],and neighbours [[BlueaciaDewnania]] andin the [[TivotFilari Sea]]. JustelvardJusdelva shares no land borders except on one island with the [[EastFree MalaysiaPax States]] and a Tivot district of Tivot, whilst neighbouring the [[The Oan Isles|Kohatu Isles]] by sea. The [[Morstaybishlian Sea]] lies between the north coasts of Staynes and CaltharusKaltariezh and the south coast of JustelvardJusdelva. The [[Caven Sea]] sits north of JustelvardJusdelva, and the [[Azure Sea]] sits south of Valeria. The [http://nswiki.org/index.php?title=Packilvanian_Ocean| [Packilvanian Ocean]] starts at the left coastline of [[Staynes]] and the north-westernmost island in JustelvardJusdelva.
 
Great Morstaybishlia is a [[wikipedia:Constitutional monarchy|constitutional monarchy]] with a two-House parliament system. The current monarch is [[Lambertus VII]], who has reigned since 1991 and the heir apparent is [[Princess Rosamund|Rosamund]]. The capital is [[Sani Bursil]], a [[wikipedia:global city|global city]] and [[wikipedia:financial centre|financial centre]] with an urban area population of 50 million in 2019, the largest in Aurora, largest in the [[United Nations of the Auroran Continent]] and largest in [[Urth]]. Other major urban areas in Great Morstaybishlia include [[AeternumRouanezkador]], Kirdintayos, Lamburtupol, Valeron, Redrugus, [[Fort Jubrayn]], Imbazdu, Fort Vitaryn and Kasidura. The nearby [[FrorkstolmEskomia]] and [[Necraties Islands]] are not part of Great Morstaybishlia, being Crown dependencies with the government responsible for defence and international representation.
 
The relationships among the countries of the Great Morstaybishlia have changed over time. In 1515, [[Lambertus III]] [[Battle for Caltharus 1515|united the thrones of Staynes and CaltharusKaltariezh]] which formed the United Kingdom of Staynes and CaltharusKaltariezh, which went on to become the sovereign state of the [[Morstaybishlian Empire]]. JustelvardJusdelva was annexed by the MorstaybishlianKaltariezh Empire afterbetween the1483 [[Greatand Morstaybishlia#Morsto-Justelvardic War|Morsto-Justelvardic War]] in 16041485. JustelvardJusdelva declared independence from the EmpireMorstaybishlia in 1967, but was not recognised until 1975. Valeria seceded from Staynes in 1975 which saw it obtain status within Great Morstaybishlia two years later under the Acts of Union, and in 2016 JustelvardJusdelva entered a political union with Great Morstaybishlia under the Acts of Union of Great Morstaybishlia and JustelvardJusdelva leaving the present formulation of the UnitedImperial Kingdom of Great Morstaybishlia and Justelvard. The Morstaybishlian Empire transitioned from an [[Wikipedia:Absolute monarchy|absolute monarchy]] to a [[Wikipedia:Constitutional monarchy|constitutional monarchy]] in 1917 by the end of the [[Great War]], establishing a democratically elected [[Wikipedia:Parliament|parliament]] which ended slavery the same year. The MBE is one of the last reminders of colonial times with nineteen [[Morstaybishlian Empire|Overseas Territories of Great Morstaybishlia]]; remnants of the Morstaybishlian Empire which, at its height in the 1800s, encompassed almost a tenth of the world's land mass and was the largest empire in history. Today, they collectively comprise of 106.144 million people over 828,243 sq km; whilst Great Morstaybishlia exists over 5,940,250 sq km and recorded 515.88 million people in its 2021 census, the first year the country recorded over half a billion people. Morstaybishlian influence can be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies.
 
Great Morstaybishlia has the world's largest economy by nominal gross domestic product (GDP), and the second-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). It has a relatively high-income economy and a very high human development index rating, ranking 6th in the world. It was the world's first industrialised country and the world's foremost power during the 19th and early 20th centuries, competing in the Auroran Space Race and beating [[Ethalria (Grand Matriarchy)|Ethalria]] and [[Salovia]] by landing four men on [[Olune]] in 1968. The MBE remains a superpower, with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally. It is a recognised nuclear weapons state and is first in military expenditure in the world.
 
Great Morstaybishlia has been a member state of the [[United Nations of the Auroran Continent]] since its formation in 2017; the successor union to both the [http://nswiki.org/index.php?title=Auroran_Continental_Assembly| Auroran Continental Assembly], where the MBE was a member state, and the [http://nswiki.org/index.php?title=Auroran_Union| Auroran Union]. The MBE's council representative of the UNAC is [[Fischan Rhye]] who was appointed in December 2017. Great Morstaybishlia is also a member state of [[IRSA]], the [[Morstaybishlian Economic Sphere]] and Morstaybishlian Commonwealth, as well as Special Member of the [[NSTO|North Shield Treaty Organization]], a Permanent Invitee to the [[OFAC]], and has Observer Status in the [[Alliance of Northwest Gondwana]] and the [[League of Novaris]].
 
== Etymology and terminology ==
The word Morstaybishlia derives from an amalgamation of Morsa Lake, Staynes and the Bishlans. It is often misinterpreted for "More Staynes and the Bishlans". The true meaning of the name Morstaybishlia can be read from the founding documents of 1515 where is it described as "The Staynish people whom control the heart of the continent Morsa Lake; unionised with the [[Bishlan]] cultures of the east."; though Bishlan was latinised to Bishlia in the shortened form name Morstaybishlia. Bishlan derives from the [[Wikipedia:Breton language|CalthKalt]] name of the Ider River "Aberbish", and replaces the CalthKalt place-name prefix ''[[Wikipedia:Aber and Inver (placename elements)|Aber]]'' with the Middle Staynish place-name suffix ''[[Lan (placename element)|Lan]]'', which literally means "shallow seas".
 
The 2016 Acts of Union declared that the kingdoms of Great Morstaybishlia and JustelvardJusdelva were "United into Oneone Kingdom by the Name of Great Morstaybishlia and Justelvard", thoughwhere the new state is also referred to in the Acts as the "Imperial Kingdom of Great Morstaybishlia", "United Kingdom of Great Morstaybishlia" andsimply "Great Morstaybishlia".
 
Although Great Morstaybishlia as a sovereign state is a country; Staynes, CaltharusKaltariezh, Valeria and JustelvardJusdelva are also regarded as countries, though they are not sovereign states. The Prime Minister's website has used the phrase "countries within a country" to describe Great Morstaybishlia.
 
The term "MBE" was a historic acronym for the Morstaybishlian Empire, though today it is more commonly synonymous with Great Morstaybishlia. MBE is the standard country codes for Great Morstaybishlia and are consequently used by international organisations to refer to Great Morstaybishlia, replacing GM in 1959. Additionally, Great Morstaybishlia's Olympic team competes under the name "Great Morstaybishlia" or "Team MBE".
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The term "Morstaybishlian Empire", in politics, is used to describe Great Morstaybishlia and all Overseas Territories.
The adjective "Morstaybishlian" is commonly used to refer to matters relating to Great Morstaybishlia and rarely as a synonym for Great Morstaybishlia. The term has no definite legal connotation, but is used in law to refer to Great Morstaybishlia citizenship and matters to do with nationality. People of Great Morstaybishlia use a number of different terms to describe their national identity and may identify themselves as being Staynish, CalthianKaltian, South Staynish, JustelvardicJus; or as being Laulian, and still in some cases Horkalic, except Horkalic refers to the ethnic group HorkalansMarislian. A growing minority of people have identified themselves with Morstaybishlian nationality after the Acts of Union 1977, likely a patriotic spur.
 
After the Union of the Thrones in 1515, the two kingdoms were briefly known as the "United Kingdom of Staynes and CaltharusKaltariezh" and subsequently their empire was known as the "Staynish-CaltharusKaltariezh Empire" until it was formally dubbed the "UnitedImperial Kingdom of Morstaybishlia" in early 1517.
 
The Acts of Union 1977 decreed the UnitedImperial Kingdom of Morstaybishlia in political unification with Valeria. By extension of ''Kingdom territory'', the region of "Morstaybishlia" was given the epithet "Great", short for "Greater".
 
The Acts of Union 2016 decreed the UnitedImperial Kingdom of Great Morstaybishlia in political unification with JustelvardJusdelva to ratify the earlier 2016 Treaty of Union and so unite the two kingdoms.
 
In 2017, a new design of Morstaybishlian passport was introduced. Its first page shows the long form name of the state in Staynish, Calth, JustelvardicKaltareg and HorkalicJusdelviz.
 
==History==
===Prehistory===
[[File:Neolithic megalith in Horkalo.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Grengan dolmen, a neolithic megalith 3.8 miles from Horilan, Horkalo Province.]] ''Main articles: [[Staynes#History|History of Staynes]], [[Caltharus#History|History of Caltharus]], [[Valeria#History|History of Valeria]], [[Justelvard#History|History of Justelvard]]''
 
===Early Middle Ages===
The earliest traces of [[wikipedia:Homo|human life]] in what is now any part of Aurora began in what today consists of areas in Staynes and Caltharus approximately 1.7 million years ago. During this period, the Strathepolic Ridge connected the continents of [[Aurora]] to [[Yasteria]] across the [[Morstaybishlian Sea]]. Over the ensuing millennia, Humans were confronted by a harsh and variable climates. Early hominids led a [[wikipedia:Nomad|nomadic]] [[wikipedia:hunter-gatherer|hunter-gatherer]] life. Caltharus has a large number of decorated caves from the [[wikipedia:Upper Palaeolithic|upper Palaeolithic era]]. At the end of the last glacial period (10,000 BCE), the climate became milder; from approximately 8,000 BCE, this part of North Aurora entered the [[wikipedia:Neolithic|Neolithic]] era and its inhabitants became [[wikipedia:Sedentism|sedentary]]. By the end of the region's prehistoric period, the earliest known Auroran culture had developed and is thought to belonged, in the main, to a culture termed Strathepolic.
 
===Late Middle Ages===
After strong demographic and agricultural development between the 5th and 4th millennia BCE, metallurgy appeared at the end of the 4th millennium, initially working gold, copper and [[wikipedia:Bronze|bronze]], and later iron. Morstaybishlia has numerous [[wikipedia:megalith|megalithic]] sites from the Neolithic period. The Strathepolic culture would refine itself in the 3rd millennium BCE. Culutral groups across Morstaybishlia existed, separated into three distinct groups; the Stanks, the Kalts and the Vals. The Krösnauen conquest into what is now Valeria in 109 CE saw the Krösnauen Empire annex all of the land south of the [[Zycannes]] in one fell swoop, and then in 159 CE led an series of campaigns above the Zycannes into the Kingdoms of Kostaen, the Kingdom of Hortaen and the Kingdom of Burtael which made up modern Staynes. The Stayn people, the collective ethnicity of the three kingdoms, fought with determination and resilience, but faced a superior, professional army, and it is likely that between 400,000 and 650,000 may have perished in the conquest period.
 
====EarlyStaynish Middleconquests Ages=of Valeria===
 
=====Fall of the Second Maltervenian Empire=====
 
====Late Middle Ages====
 
=====The Red War=====
 
=====Staynish conquests of Valeria=====
 
[[File:Fall of Tangier.jpg|right|thumb|230px|''Fall of Enshys'', one of the Kasidura Tapestries (1470s), recording the victories of Redmund II, III, IV and Aprille II of Staynes two centuries prior.]]
Since humans migrated into Aurora some fifty thousand years ago, they displaced the already established presence of [http://nswiki.org/index.php?title=Uspria#Usprian_Elves| Usprian elves]. In fact, this displacement can be seen so clearly when the term "Aurora" came from a human language and "Uspria" comes from ancient elvish language. Anatomically modern humans began settlements in northern Aurora, where Staynes, Caltharus and Tivot exist today. Later, humans would spread across the continent, co-existing with elven civilisation but occasionally wiping them out through war or plague. These factors, coupled with a much higher birth rate among humans, led to the demise of the old high Usprian civilisations, though many civilisations lived on into the 2nd millennium CE, in pockets of the [[Zycannes]] and other highlands, such as the [[Altfers]], but mainly through [[Valeria|ancient Valeria]] - which is regarded by historians as the elves' final stand as a nation state in Aurora, where they held the reigns of socio, economic and political power over their human counterparts.
 
Wars between the Staynish and the Valerians existed in many forms and has history going back to the Maltervenian Kingdoms. These skirmishes existed prominently around the Mouth of Elaspin, where many primary trade routes between north and south Aurora existed. The [[Staynes#Second Maltervenian Era (650 BCE - 512 CE)|second Kingdom of Maltervenia]] really pushed for territorial expanses and control of the Mouth of Elaspin during the early 1st millennium CE, where legendary stories, romances and poetry exist of [[Queen Eredhela]] leading the defence of the elven homeland between the 2nd and 5th centuries.
 
Staynes formed in an era of ashes when the second Kingdom of Maltervenia fell and the [[Ethalria (Grand Matriarchy)#Ethalrian tribes and the Krösnauen Empire|Krösnauen Empire]] was on stark decline. It was then where Staynes began its ethnic land reclamation and conquests, which extended into southern Aurora, and which exerted more energy and interest than predecessor civilisations in north Aurora. Staynes conquered the elven homeland in two successive waves between 1216 and 1256.
 
=====Seventy Years' War=====
 
===Early Modern from Union of the Thrones===
{{Infobox military conflict
|conflict = Caltharus Throne War
|partof = Caltharus Conflicts
|image = [[File:Lambertus the Great after claiming Caltharus.jpg|300px]]
|caption = Lambertus the Great marching through Lambertupol after defeating the rebellion.
|date = Conflict involving Staynes began and ended in 1515, but was a result of earlier implications.
|place = [[Staynes]], [[Caltharus]]
|territory =
|result = [[Staynes|Staynish victory]]
* Unification of [[Staynes]] and [[Caltharus]] to form the United Kingdom of Staynes and Caltharus (later United Kingdom of Morstaybishlia)
* Coronation of [[Lambertus III]] as King
* Deaths of many significant Caltharusian figures
| combatants_header = Participants
|combatant1 = [[File:Staynes flag.png|20px]] [[Staynes]] <br/> [[File:Caltharus flag 4.8.png|20px]] Caltharusian loyalists
|combatant2 = [[File:Republic of Caltharus (1513-1515).png|20px]] [[Caltharus|Republic of Caltharus]]
 
|commander1 = [[File:Staynes flag.png|20px]] Lambertus III <br /> [[File:Caltharus flag 4.8.png|20px]] Berbatov Haligan {{KIA}}
|commander2 = [[File:Republic of Caltharus (1513-1515).png|20px]] Gretargius Ballistra {{KIA}} <br /> [[File:Republic of Caltharus (1513-1515).png|20px]] Crow Jusa {{KIA}}
|strength1 = [[File:Staynes flag.png|20px]] ~40,000 <br /> [[File:Caltharus flag 4.8.png|20px]] ~28,000
|strength2 = [[File:Republic of Caltharus (1513-1515).png|20px]] ~59,000
|casualties1 = [[File:Staynes flag.png|20px]] ~11,000 <br /> [[File:Caltharus flag 4.8.png|20px]] ~13,000
|casualties2 = [[File:Republic of Caltharus (1513-1515).png|20px]] ~25,800
 
|campaignbox=
 
}}
The Caltharus Throne War was the war which saw the United Kingdom of Staynes and Caltharus come into being after the surrender of the Republic of Caltharus to the Kingdom of Staynes and the Bishlan kingdoms of Dovia, Calthia and Laulia which made up the monarchist faction of Caltharus, as well the resurrection of the Caltharusian throne, which was incorporated with the Staynish to form the Morstaybishlian throne on the 29th of December 1515.
 
In March 1513, the Kingdom of Caltharus was overthrown by a military coup which established the Republic of Caltharus. Haligar II, the King of Caltharus and father of Princess Katerina was executed. Princess Katerina was married to [[Lambertus III]] and was the second in line to the Caltharusian throne but was exiled to Staynes as the risk of capture and execution was too great. She lost contact with her younger siblings and cousins and they were presumed dead. The Republic caused conflict and fractured the nation into two factions. The Republic and loyalists to the King and Kingdom. Katerina returned to Caltharus to lead the war between the Republic and Kingdom loyalists but the loyalists continued to loose ground until they were confined to north-west and west Caltharus.
 
In November 1514, Chancellor of the Republic, Gretargius Ballistra, had his prisoners of war and two of Katerina's six siblings executed. Katerina discovered the news later the same month and convinced Staynes to intervene. It was not only a personal loss to Katerina as they were distantly related by previous marriage to Lambertus III. After their execution, the Republic was unable to make friendship with either the Ethalrian's or the Molgov Dynasty despite previous talks.
 
From the 12th of January 1515 to the 29th of December the same year, Lambertus III led Staynes and the Caltharusian loyalists into battle against the new Republic of Caltharus for control over the rights to rule. The conflict lasted through many strategically implemented episodes during 1515, however there was fighting between Caltharusian loyalists and the Republic before and after this period between the belligerents.
 
With the initial execution of Halligar II's two children and another one child, Lambertus amassed an army of 140,000 Staynish and 240,000 Caltharusian loyalist soldiers that stormed the major cities until Lambertupol, pushing the Republic's forces back where they held their ground for two months days until the 29th of December when they fell.
 
Their victory in Lambertupol concluded the end of the war. The monarchy was re-established and Lambertus III was crowned King of the United Kingdom of Staynes and Caltharus, later the Kingdom of Morstaybishlia, on the 29th December. The remaining four siblings and cousins of Katerina who had fled to the both the Ethalrian Empire and Molgov Dynasty returned from exile. A feast on the 11th January began in Lambertupol to mark the victories. This day is celebrated annually around the world as Unity Day.
 
After the republic was defeated and control fell into Staynish hands, New Calth became the first major colony of the new Morstaybishlian Empire.
 
Lambertus did not return back to Bursil until 1519, establishing order and peace in Caltharus. He faced some challenges from both the Ethalrian Empire and the Molgov Dynasty, both looking to expand their territory. He defended the border for a year and a half until a mutual agreement was held. The conflict led to heavy bloodshed on both sides. It remains the most gruesome conflict in pre-modern Auroran history.
 
====During the Louzar period (1515-1663)====
 
=====Western Auroran Crusades=====
''Main article: [[Western Auroran Crusades]]''
 
Between the years 1519 and early 1522, [[Lambertus IV]] was apart of an expedition to find more gold for the young Morstaybishlian Empire. He had discovered the largest-yet deposit of natural gold ore in [[Aurora]] during June 1522 and sent his older brother and then king [[Slev III]] an official report which enclosed information regarding both the geopolitical position and the status of the gold. Slev set out to take control of the supply lanes of the gold from the [[Axdel#Kormistazic Empire|Kormistazic Empire]] and within a week had amassed an army of 3,000 men, 250 horses and battery equipment. The army left on the morning of the 25th of October 1522. They camped at many locations during their trek towards Fort Montekaan but the most prominent was in the small village of Harrow. A merchant from Soltan called Kaledus saw the army and reported the impending attack to Delphus Faithful the day before the battle took place, which gave them enough time to rally troops and plan an ambush.
 
Slev and his forces reached the fortress in the early hours of the summer solstice (21st December). He divided his forces into two fronts; the assault and support. The trebuchets acting as the support was ambushed soon into the battle. The fortress had two portcullis' where the ambush captured Slev and his soldiers inside. Reportedly, Delphus Faithful had all but one prisoner, excluding Slev, shot, and had the king later beheaded.
 
News reached [[Lambertus IV]] on the 5th of January, in which he immediately ascended the throne. He was officially crowned King of the Morstaybishlian Empire on the 6th of April at Syllester Abbey, Redrugus. During the next few months, Lambertus and his council thought of ways to take control of Fort Montekaan. During early September, Lambertus sent his cousin Amet to important cities and towns in Caltharus to amass a large army for the upcoming war. Amet returned to Fort Redrugus a month and a half later with a strength of 70,000 men with a promise of another fifty to seventy thousand in the next five to ten years.
 
It was during late 1523 that Lambertus suffered betrayal from two members of his privy. He did not know of this, and this betrayal actually lent an advantage during the next battle of Fort Montekaan. Lambertus ordered the immediate forced conscription of 45,000 young Morstaybishlian men into the already 40,000 strong army.
 
Lambertus IV led the second Battle of Fort Montekaan on the 2nd of January 1524. The forces did not travel in the lowland valleys in the Zycannes and instead travelled directly through them. This led to the deaths of several hundred soldiers and half a dozen horses. 24,500 soldiers camped at the base of the Zycannes for an hour before attacking the fort in the early hours of the morning. The walls were breached around 5AM, the same time the soldiers attacked the fort. It is known that Lambertus IV had a duel and won against Honoluras Faithful once the battle was won.
 
On the first day of February the same year, Morstaybishlia amassed a sizable fleet in Redrugus and set off for Andel. A lengthy siege ensued.
 
(wip)
 
[[Redrugus V]] annexed the [[Axdel#History|Kormistazic Empire]] as a Principality during the [[Western Auroran Crusades]], which lasted 52 years, from 1523 to 1575.
 
=====Early Colonialism=====
''Main article: [[Morstaybishlian Empire]]''
[[Image:Golden owl painting.jpg|left|thumb|150px|Painting of the last Golden-tipped owl, named "Lucy". c.1974]]
[[File:Early Auroran Settlement of Arcturia.png|right|thumb|250px|Auroran settlement in east Arcturia between 1001 and 1515.]]
Morstaybishlian colonialism began as early as the 11th century with Caltharusian territories in [[Arcturia]]. Arcturia saw a surge of Staynish and Caltharusian early settlements in eastern Arcturia from 1001 to 1515; these trading outposts were generally not unified into one territory until the Morstaybishlian Empire formed after the Union of the Thrones and trading outposts were led by Viceroys.
 
Staynes led an expedition in 1444 and found the [[Necraties Islands|Necraties]] and [[Frorkstolm]] under Admiral Wince Ledkeat. The islands were not inhabited by any sentient species and became a pivot point for Staynish naval projection and trade prowess. Perdaé, the Necraties' capital, began life as a port town until the late 16th century, where [[Lambertus V]] designated its port to be shared for naval affairs. It was first used for this purpose when it rallied galleons in 1604 to invade Justelvard.
 
Many species endemic to the Necratie Isles were pushed to extinction from the arrival of people and pests. [[wikipedia:Stilt-owl|Gold-tipped owls]] were a species of owl that was hunted for their feathers and rendered extinct in the wild in the latter of the 18th century. Despite persistent attempts to re-introduce the captive populations into the wild, the species was declared fully extinct in 1974.
 
The Necraties, Frorkstolm, the [[Morstaybishlian West Pacific Territories]] and in particular the Arcturian Territories saw a spur of piracy in the mid to late 16th to mid 19th centuries. Rebels and pirates saw these trading outposts and islands as perfect hiding places in the war against piracy, as well as perfect areas to manoeuvre the pirating business to its greatest heights between 1660 and 1730. Pirates were a common pest in the several bodies of water until the [[Imperial Navy]] killed the last of seven Pirate Captain in the Battle of Valna Bay in 1821. Continuous efforts by the navies of the southern Yasterian and north Auroran nations saw to the eventual demise of pirates in and around the [[Morstaybishlian Sea]].
 
=====Morsto-Justelvardic War=====
 
The earliest record of Justelvard in Morstaybishlian history was a written document signed by Lambertus V on the 10th of January 1602, agreeing to install the necessary components for a full scale invasion and planned annexation of Justelvard and Kistelvard, which made up the Strathepole archipelago; and to greatly enlarge the size of the standing Morstaybishlian Army to defend the ever-expanding Auroran empire. In the latter of the same month, a letter left Fort Staynes on horseback and arrived in Fort Jubrayn on the 5th of February to Francesci Morston, the then current Military Overseer. It demanded the production of one hundred ships-of-the-line and a million trained soldiers in two years.
 
[[File:Mount Surrot 2020.jpg|left|thumb|200px|Mount Surraine with the village of Buraine over the ruins of the historical fortress town.]]
In January 1603, Lambertus V received an imperative tactical map from a Jussie called Dorghold. The drawing showed relevant information such as towns, docks, ships and more. The meeting concluded with the promise to allow Dorghold some undisclosed form of power of his homeland after the war.
 
Some time in 1603, Francesci Morston was either murdered or committed suicide. He was replaced with Ledwin Dinged, who managed to complete the 100 ships of the line but not the million soldiers. The invasion was led by Admiral Pennisine, thought to be one of the best Admirals in Morstaybishlian history. [[File:The Somerset House Conference, 1604 from NPG.jpg|right|thumb|275px|Becking House Conference, legally establishing Justelvard as a colony, 1604.]]They set sail from Fort Jubrayn on the 19th of September 1603, arriving at Perdaé in the Necraties three days later. They used Fallace Bay as a halfway point and did not set sail until the 1st of January 1604. They arrived at Justel's Brow in Justelvard one day later. During bombardment of the Justelvardic defence, Dorghold assassinated the leader Nordin and the Justelvardic forces were split between Nordin's followers and Dorghold's followers. It began a 2v1 battle that was quickly decided. A group of Nordin's followers retreated into the country to Mount Surraine, where they rallied with another powerful Justelvardic man called Surrot.
 
The Morstaybishlian troops followed the Jussies to Mount Surraine and laid siege to the town. Morstaybishlian forces won and Surrot was executed. In the next year, proceedings to bring Justelvard and Kistelvard into the Empire was underway, and it was formally incorporated as the first Overseas Colony of the Empire. Dorghold became a familiar icon in Justelvardic history, with many statues of him being erected. An island chain between Justelvard and Peregrinia was named after him, but his legacy is also frowned upon by Jussies who believe in independence.
 
=====Battle for Luxaria=====
[[File:Lambertus V's castle defending Dogrugan.jpg|right|thumb|225px|Lambertus Castle, Dogrugan.]]
After success in Justelvard, [[Lambertus V]] asserted himself as a more confident leader among his privy council. He set his sights westwards to [[Arcturia]], an already known and landed continent by both Staynes and Caltharus as well as other kingdoms [[Kormistazm]] and [[Ethalria (Grand Matriarchy)|Ethalria]]. After finding out the Ethalrian Empire had united a nearly 200 kilometer coastal colony a decade prior and with a flair to compete, he sent a ship to send a letter to the Viceroys of each trade outpost for the provisions to form a unified colony southwards of New Calth, but the ship never returned. He later found out the Ethalrian soldiers had seized the ships and executed the soldiers. Frustrated by this, he amassed a fleet of warships and sent them to defeat the Ethalrian Armada. The fleet came back victorious, but the Ethalrian Empire sent their own fleet and reclaimed the small Gronmund Port.
 
In 1615, Lambertus V ordered a larger fleet of nearly thirty warships to invade the Ethalrian port town. A brutal bloodbath ensued, with the crippled Morst fleet victorious. After receiving a letter from King Lothair I of Ethalria, the two Empires devised a treaty to divide the land according to the Lothair Line; north of which would be controlled by Ethalria and south of which would be controlled by Morstaybishlia, despite who was already living there. The nations agreed, and Luxaria became the second colony on Arcturia.
 
A castle was erected in Gronmund Port, Teriloe Port and Dogrugan Port to defend against any future attacks. Lambertus Castle in Dogrugan Port is the sole survivor to this day, the others falling into disarray and ruin.
 
In later years following the [[Auroran Imperial War]], the native population of Luxaria was granted independence during planned decolonialism which would go on to become [[Lokania]]. The area that retained its integrity within the Empire would be called [[Louzaria]].
 
=====Taking over Kormistazic Arcturia=====
 
===Western Auroran Crusades===
During the [[Western Auroran Crusades]], the [[Kormistazm|Kormistazic Empire]] fled to its colonies rather than surrendering as a last resort against the Morstaybishlian Empire. The Morstaybishlian Empire, led by [[Redrugus V|King Redrugus V]] eventually conquered the Kormistazic strongholds in [[Arcturia]] and claimed the Kormistazic ports as their own. From the late 1500s to the early 1600s Morstaybishlia established seven other trade outposts to bolster its oversea’s economy.
 
===Taking over Kormistazic Arcturia===
In 1628 Morstaybishlia began a campaign to push further into Arcturia to unite the port towns and claim more land for agriculture. The Vivanish resisted the expansion of the Morstaybishlian settlement which began the First Morsto-Vivanan War. After one year the Vivanish people retreated further inland to the Delcanian mountains. Florence I signed the Finalem Charter which saw Morstaybishlia’s first unified territories as Vivania in 1631.
 
=====Colonising the South Concordian Ocean=====
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After successfully beating the [[Ethalria (Grand Matriarchy)|Ethalrian Empire]] over Gronmund Port, Morstaybishlian influence would begin to soar over the lands which made up modern day Luxaria. Within less than five years, due to a strong embargo on the Kingdom of Luzura, their influence waned, and eventually it was assimilated into the Morstaybishlian Empire.
 
Upon the ascension of [[Florence I]], the oppressed peoples of [[South Peragen]] began to prefer the idea of Morstaybishlian intervention in the Concordian Ocean, which would upset the powerful influence the Commonwealth held on the nation. With more trading aligned to the Morstaybishlian Empire, South Peragen became a wealthier trade hub; and in 1629 the aristocracies of South Peragen started a revolt against the Commonwealth, which was supported by the Erranzan separatists and the Morstaybishlians. A three year war passed, after which South Peragen won and gained independence in 1632, and with Commonwealth forces retracted, the Empire sought to expand their influence into the prosperous South Concordian Ocean.
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Morstaybishlia send aid, setting out a clear set of objectives to conquer its first territory in the South Concordian Ocean, and the Shonerian leaders accepted Morstaybishlian occupation. Commonwealth forces had been stretched thin because of the repression in its empire, reached and were victorious over the current occupation. Morstaybishlia retaliated by sending a blockade to the capital Privétia. Morstaybishlia rallied the support of South Peragen and more of their own forces for a full scale invasion of New Leganés, but the Commonwealth occupation of Shoneria retreated to defend their homeland, effectively leaving Shoneria to Morstaybishlia. The Commonwealth had a narrow victory against the coalition of Morstaybishlia and South Peragen, but the Commonwealth had suffered a long siege and suffered extensive damage. Six years of wars over the seas and the Commonwealth ensued, and fearing losing their autonomy, Queen Cristalina IV began negotiations with their enemies and in 1641 the Treaty of Arsal was signed and ratified by the three independent nations. The treaty saw Morstaybishlia take control of the already occupied Shoneria and also control over Oblivion Islands, as well as the Commonwealth dissolved so that the queen would retain power in the New Leganés and retain great trade and a presence of exploitation within the South Concordian Ocean. Morstaybishlia henceforth had huge economic control over the nations of New Leganés and South Peragen which lasted for over 276 years.
 
===Keaneward and Visteue period (1663-1803)===
=====Ambitions past the Pacific Ocean=====
====Six Years' War====
With action dwindling in the South Concordian Ocean and a decisive victory looming over the Commonwealth, the Morstaybishlian Empire set its eyes eastwards to the Pacific Ocean and beyond. It set out three vessels in 1639 to find new land and economic opportunities. They landed on an island named [[Rosamund Island|Draegia]]. Over a year later, one ship returned. Morstaybishlia would seek out more lands in this direction and send more vessels to the unknown east, where they landed and were greeted by natives. The explorer Marten Vhengar interpreted the native’s name for their land as “[[Lunaria|Vanoru]]”.
====Caven Wars====
 
(wip)
 
====Keaneward and Visteue period (1663-1803)====
=====Six Years' War=====
=====Caven Wars=====
[[File:Place de la Victoire, Paris 13 August 2016 001.jpg|right|thumb|250px|The Place of Victory; built to celebrate Morstaybishlian victory.]]
In the year 1688, Captain Kerden discovered an island in the Packilvanian Ocean and established a settlement a year later called Queensport. For another five years the Morstaybishlian Empire would build up their settlements with the prospects to use it as a military naval port and trading hub to Yasteria. Communications to the island abruptly ceased to which a vessel was sent and discovered that the Caven Empire had set up their own port on the other side of the island and had fought and won the Staynish port.
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Now Commodore, Kerden was sent to claim back the small prospective trading hub and did so in a short-lived Battle of Queensport. A Caven ship survived and sent the news back to the Caven Empire after which there was no obvious retaliation.
 
Over the next four years, merchant ships leaving AeternumRouanezkador and other ports in north CaltharusKaltariezh and Staynes were going missing and businesses in these ports were closing down from a loss of income. It was explored by the Morstaybishlian navy but there was no explanation until by chance MBS Queen Aprille was mistaken as a merchant vessel and attacked by a Caven warship but survived. Morstaybishlia later declared war on the Caven Empire.
 
In secret, Commodore Kerden was sent to Perigrinia, the rival of Caven in the north to formulate a plan to destabilise the Caven Empire as to both Morstaybishlia and Perigrinia’s gain. Perigrinia would fund Morstaybishlian armament and naval ship production for Morstaybishlia’s full scale invasion into Cavens’ south province of Wachovia, starting the Caven Wars.
 
Morstaybishlia had a strong starting advance in the war, pushing the Caven forces far back. Morstaybishlia would strategically siege Caven port towns of Truzcon, Merna and Libertyburg and cut off trading routes into the Caven Sea from the north. It held a strong advance into Caven and Verlot for about two years, pushing past the Izumi mountains, but fearing encirclement they were pushed back over the mountains to the Wachovia borders where the two forces reached a stalemate. There would be some victories on either side, but after six years in 1704 the Caven Empire surrendered its occupied lands to the Morstaybishlian Empire to end the war. With a suffering economy and a large famine, Peregrinia, who had remained neutral during the conflict, upheld its side of the agreement and began humanitarian aid, promising the people of Caven better fortunes. After fifteen years, Peregrinia had managed to integrate the Caven provinces of Dominionland, Termino, Trioni and Verlot.
 
=====Colonies in the Northern Hemisphere=====
 
===Late Modern (1803 - 21st century)===
====Slavery====
Morstaybishlia played a leading part in the PacificCerenerian and Concordian slave trade, mainly between 1673 and 1917 when Morstaybishlian or Morstaybishlian-colonial ships transported nearly 5 million slaves from Gondwana in a legal system of human [[Wikipedia:Chattel slavery|chattel enslavement]]. The slaves were taken to work on plantations in Morstaybishlian possessions, principally in [[Saint Matilda]], the [[Morstaybishlian West PacificCerenerian Territories|Morstaybishlian West PacificCerenerian]], [[JustelvardJusdelva]] and Luxaria, but also Aurora. The rapid expansion of the cotton and flax industries after the invention of the [[Wikipedia:Cotton gin|cotton gin]] and [[Wikipedia:Spinning wheel|spinning wheel]] greatly increased demand for slave labour. Slavery coupled with the West PacificCerenerian sugar industry had a significant role in strengthening and developing the Morstaybishlian economy in the 18th century. Throughout the later 19th century movements called for the monarchy to install laws similar to other nations which began restricting and abolishing slavery, and giving slaves more rights, but this did not succeed. However, when Parliament was formed in 1917 following the handover of absolutism from the monarchy, it banned the slave trade and banned slavery in the Morstaybishlian Empire, freeing over 5 million slaves.
 
Through reward programs, former slaves were encouraged back to their origin countries, though it largely fell through and former slaves instead settled in the colonies where they had been set to work in. Today, large portions of former slaves live in [[Lokania]], JustelvardJusdelva, throughout the PacificCerenerian and in Gondwana - which can be seen in the distribution of large minority ethnic groups in these colonies.
 
====Slave trade====
 
====Posolic Wars====
=====First war (1795-1810)=====
See also: ''[[Posolic Wars]]''
 
[[File:British napoleonic infantry.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Morstaybishlian infantry deployed in line prepare to repulse an advancing Baykalian column. Disciplined, short-range musket volleys, followed by a bayonet charge, usually drove off an attacker.]]
During the First Posolic War (1795-1810), Morstaybishlia's eastern border reclined drastically as a coalition between [[Ethalria (Grand Matriarchy)|Ethalria]] and [[Baykalia]] defeated Morstaybishlia in two big battles; at Fort Nocturnia and Lambertupol. Morstaybishlia reclined back to near-similar borders before the Seven Years' War, behind the Ider River. When the Treaty of Cavenhelm was formed in 1796, Morstaybishlia was forced to give up Aurus and Forchemech, which saw a long evacuation of over twenty thousand troops.
 
Bittered by its defeat, Morstaybishlia's congregated its army from across the empire, including from the Kormistazic principality and from nearby colonies. Reconstruction of its fleet did not reach Ethalrian or Baykalian intelligence, and war was declared again when Morstaybishlia retook Lambertupol, which established a corridor on the eastern bank of the river. Preventing Ethalrian access to the northern seas was so important to Morstaybishlia because it would keep them as the hegemonic power in the region; that Viceroys from the western Auroran, Arcturian and Yasterian colonies were ordered to amass their warships. This affected west Aurora in particular which had been conquered by Morstaybishlia three hundred years before. Secession movements in Andel city and the Jilkania region declared independence in 1797.
 
Meanwhile, Ethalria expanded the independent Kormistazic regions, landing forces there and also in southern Staynes (today Valeria), aiming to cut off Morstaybishlia's strangehold on southwestern Aurora. Morstaybishlia was now unable to travel through the Kormistazic principality because a fleet of mainly Ethalrian warships stunned them at the Battle of Montinay in the same year. Since Ethalria had preempted Morstaybishlian movements across the Zycannes, their forces had to take harsher undefended passageways such as Dragon's End and across the West Coddles. A winter in 1798 was the coldest recorded in over fifty years, bringing below freezing temperatures into the continental centre, including over the Zycannes where the forces were passing through. Straddled down in valley settlements, including Birchlea and Emptingdale, food and wood supplies were occasionally intercepted by Ethalria, which killed a large portion of the force to starvation and the elements. Ethalria made enormous territorial gains after two long years of sieges to Morstaybishlian cities in southern Staynes, who surrendered because they ran out of supplies.
 
[[File:The Fort York Guard (1412019939).jpg|left|thumb|275px|Reenactors at Barkenmouth dressed like the 5th Caltharusian Regiment of Fencible Infantry.]]
By 1799, Ethalria had beat Morstaybishlia at the Battle of Kirdintayos and had begun to absorb all of its surrounding lands and cities who surrendered. The southern Ethalrian city states that were now surrounded on all sides by Ethalria felt that their sovereignty was threatened.
 
By April 1800, the South Ethalrian city states allied with Morstaybishlia. A treaty would see Morstaybishlia recognise South Ethalria (later Asilica) for access to their land and ports to invade the Ethalrian occupied territories. As the Morstaybishlians were sailing past Valerica, their enemy who had leagued with the Ethalrians; they were ambushed by a fleet from its capital, and the ensuing battle was known as the Battle of Baecca Strait. Morstaybishlia suffered losses, but they were strong enough to repel them back and continue with their mission. Doing so gave a massive element of surprise to Morstaybishlia, and at the same time in the Zycannes, Morstaybishlia finally broke through with what forces survived the brutal winter via a previously uncharted route. Having a huge force north and south by the latter months of 1800, the Morstaybishlian and South Ethalrian forces encircled and starved out the Ethalrians.
 
[[File:Charge of the French Cuirassiers at Waterloo.jpg|right|thumb|275px|Battle of Kingsfort in 1809.]]
Ethalria and Baykalia believed that striking at Aeternum and other large cities in Caltharus, could end Morstaybishlia's industrial capacity and end its era of dominance. Morstaybishlia's mastery of the seas allowed it to build up considerable economic strength through trade to its possessions from its rapidly expanding new Empire. Morstaybishlia's naval supremacy meant that Ethalria could never enjoy the peace necessary to consolidate its control over Aurora, and it could threaten neither the industrial capacity in Caltharus nor the main Morstaybishlian colonies. Despite this, an Ethalrian and Baykalian fleet under Admiral Maria Valtruda to invade Aeternum was defeated by a smaller fleet helmed by [[Redmund V|Admiral Prince Redmund]] off the coast of Cape Mortagra. Admiral Valtruda was uncertain about engaging, and the Ethalro-Baykalian fleet failed to fully organize. In contrast, Redmund was decisive, organizing the Morstaybishlian fleet into two columns sailing straight into the enemy to pierce its wavering lines. The outnumbered Morstaybishlian fleet defeated their opponents, loosing only two ships to the coalition's forty two. The Battle of Mortagra was a decisive victory for the Morstaybishlians. The victory confirmed the naval supremacy Morstaybishlia had established during the course of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and it was achieved in part through Redmunds’ departure from the prevailing naval tactical orthodoxy of the day.
The rest of the war saw stagnation and stalemate, and both forces vied for possession of the Laulian Bay with significant loss of life. Eventually, peace was brokered in Weyrcliff under the 1810 Weyrcliff Treaty.
 
=====Second war (1814-1826)=====
 
====Height of the Morstaybishlian Empire (1826-1897)====
 
[[File:Florence II and Husband.jpg|left|thumb|275px|[[Florence II|Queen Florence II]] (1794-1852) and her husband King Phillip V.]]
[[Florence II]] ascended the throne when her father died at the end of the First Posolic Wars. Her opponents believed that due to her tucked away and extravagant lifestyle she would be weak leading Morstaybishlia into the 19th century. The Second Posolic Wars confirmed her as the opposite; a titanic leader who glided Morstaybishlia back into its role as the world superpower. Her reign, the reign of her son [[Frederick III]] and her granddaughter [[Rosamund II]] marked the Golden Era where Morstaybishlia reach the zenith of its economic and political power. Exciting new technologies such as railways, photography, telegraphs and steam ships emerged, making the world far faster-paced. Morstaybishlia reinstated its mostly active role in Continental politics which had been challenged by Ethalria and BaykaliaBiramura in the years before.
 
[[File:George William Joy - The Bayswater Omnibus.jpg|right|thumb|275px|Kimbry Layton-Pickett's painting ''The River Carriage'', 1893, depicts middle-class social life in this Staynish late Golden Era scene.]]
There was peace and prosperity, as the national income per person grew by over half. Much of the prosperity was due to the increasing industrialization, especially in machinery and textiles, as well as to the worldwide network of engineering and trade which produced profits for Morstaybishlian merchants and experts from across the world. In the Morstaybishlian sphere, there was peace abroad, except for Kuthernburg's independence, which momentarily caused disruption in trade and global trust in Mortaybishlia's ability to control its oversea assets.
 
Despite these changes, Morstaybishlia lacked behind in its democratic index. It was still an absolute monarchy, and even though there was movements to change, an elected parliament would not happen until 1917. However, the Privy Council of Staynes and Privy Council of CaltharusKaltariezh which were appointed by the Crown and served at the Crown's pleasure became more autonomous, including consolidating the two devolved administrations of Staynes and CaltharusKaltariezh into one, based at Kalmington Palace, Sani Bursil, and helmed by a Chief Minister, equivalent of a [[Prime Ministers of Great Morstaybishlia|prime minister]] today. This became the House of Peers in 1831, and were the first example of a unified chamber of Peerage from across the homeland. They drafted legislation in the name of the King, or Queen, at their pleasure, and the monarch was perfectly in their right to stop legislation from passing. In fact, this was common practice. The monarch remained untouchable and unaccountable to the House of Peers, and had a large sway among leading figures to bend them into submission.
 
[[File:Women slaves with master on the left.jpg|right|thumb|500px|Female slaves at Cavalier Court, a hotel in Rosamundport for the wealthy. They would have performed all the jobs involved with keeping the place running, work which was daily, constant, sometimes difficult and often tedious. Enslaved servants often slept on pallets on the floors of bedrooms or hallways near where they laboured. Proximity to male slaveholders and their guests made enslaved women and girls particularly vulnerable to sexual predation. Their owner is on the far left, pictured 1889.]]
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Throughout both the Great War and First Packilvanian Civil War, the disdain for the Morsto-Packilvanian monarchist union cultivated a coordinated movement for democratisation and political reform. Following the death of King Thadeus I on the 1st of August, the movement gained momentum. Both political wings formed the Parliamentarian forces and stormed the Royal Palace on the 17th of August demanding a signatory from the young King [[Thadeus II]] on the Great Charter of the Liberties to sign over his right to [[wikipedia:Absolute monarchy|absolutism]]. Agreeing to this, the Parliamentarians and the Crown agreed for the continuance of the monarchy [[wikipedia:Constitutional monarchy|constitutionally]]. The parliamentarians gave a [[wikipedia:Purdah (pre-election period)|purdah]] where constituencies were created and an election period began. On the 11th of October 1917, [[Orson Klarass]] led the [[MBE Conservatives|Conservative Party]] into the first Morstaybishlian Government. Slavery was abolished in 1917 with a near unanimous vote in the chamber, a reflection of how it the concept of slavery was disliked by the turn of the 20th century.
 
Amongst the most consequential reforms enacted by the new parliament was the declaration that Axdel would transition from being a royal principality into a dominion in December 1917. TheIn addition to its seats in the national parliament, the Dominion was granted a devolved elected legislature which, whilst fundamentally subservient to the Morstaybishlian parliament, gave it a reasonable degree of control over its domestic economic and military policy. Whilst the decision was far from uncontroversial, as a strong believer in democracy as a unifying force Prime minister Klarass was a proponent of the idea as a means of garnering trust with the people of Axdel. Most seats in the dominions legislature would be filled by the big-tent pro-independence Kuesla parliamentary party. Although the Morstaybishlian government took measures to ensure that far left groups and cavan nationalists were driven out of mainstream politics, their presence would remain ever present throughout the early-mid 20th century. [[Alton Kresjarl]] would attempt to dissolve the Axdelian parliament in 1925 but fail by a margin of 5%.
 
With a fragile year in the royal family came a major political rift. Both the far reaches within the fatherland of Morstaybishlia and Packilvania saw large far-left groups emerge. The latter fell to a communist uprising in the years following with Queen Zerah Demir IV's assassination in 1936 and would galvanise the far-left groups in Morstaybishlia which would eventually orchestrate Axdelian Independence.
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[[File:HMS Gloucester (1909).jpg|left|thumb|225px|Morstaybishlian light-cruiser MBS ''Admiral Kutselm'' docked in Lights Bay Harbour, Bruzaka.]]
As the world evolved in the 19th and 20th centuries, many democratic nations abolished slavery and pressured the Morstaybishlian and Packilvanian Empires to do so. Owing to its incredible size and power in the 19th century and its absolute monarchy which had large capital interests and investment in the slave trade, the Morstaybishlian Empire did not abolish slavery until in November 1917, two months after the end of the Great War and the dissolution of Morstopackia. The nation saw huge social, economic and political reforms in 1917 as it transitioned from an absolute monarchy to parliamentary republic under constitutional monarchy; and later 1910s and 1920s.
[[File:Oanese blackbirding circa 1918.jpg||right|thumb|250px|Blackbirding was illegal but was a popular alternative to the slave-trade in the Morstaybishlian colonies as late as the 1930s. <br>Pictured: Oan peoples, with an overseer (background), on a sugar plantation, in New Pondsfort, [[Morstaybishlian West PacificCerenerian Territories|Morst West PacificCereneria]], c. 1919.]]
 
Parliament passed the Slavery Abolition Act 1917 with over 79 percent of the House of Representatives voting in favour. The Act made the purchase and ownership of slaves in all of the Morstaybishlian Empire illegal and immediately freed over 5 million slaves. Slavery had been a point of social contention for nearly all of the 19th and early 20th century leading up to its abolition, with its abolition being a primary benefactor of their movement. By January of 1918, the Morstaybishlian Empire had de jure implemented the Act in its declining oversea territories, though de facto there was still an active slave trade in many territories. Following the thirteen years of warfare, the [[Imperial Navy]] was heavily damaged and initially struggled with enforcing the legislation. Many of the closer territories to continental Morstaybishlia, including New CalthKalt, Luxaria, Ruxalara and JustelvardJusdelva followed suit with the mainland and who's people accepted the changes, but elsewhere it was different.
 
In the colonial and territorial administrations of Joralesia, Salisar, the Morst West PacificCereneria, Dalmaghar, Kurandia, and others recognised the Act and implemented it, but clandestine slave-trading and [[Wikipedia:Blackbirding|blackbirding]] still occurred as late as the mid 1930s. Though it was hit with the economic depression and major de-colonisation following the war, the Imperial Navy immediately established a presence off of the coasts of these territories where there were rumours, sightings, reports or evidence of ongoing slavery, as well as negotiating with countries neighbouring these colonies and territories for their rights to stop and search vessels believed to house slaves. The Imperial Navy dispatched three squadrons of four, five and eight [[Wikipedia:Town-class cruiser (1910)|light cruisers]] to the [[PacificCerenerian Ocean]], as well as the south and north [[Concordian Ocean]] respectively. With bases at Montecadre, what is now Penisine Garrisons in Balidar, and Bruzraka; the squadrons aided in the capture of over 2,100 slave ships, freeing over 205,000 people from slavery between 1917 and 1934. However, unfortunately this did not exactly reduce the number of deaths of slaves. Thousands lost their lives if the captain of a slave ship knew they were being approached by a squadron vessel. The captain would order for the slaves to be thrown overboard still shackled. Very few would make it to shore.
 
====Great Depression====
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In the early-mid 20th century many left wing groups had consolidated into the Noroist Peoples Liberation Party, a Noroist organisation with significant Marxist, Syndicalist and Anarchist wings, which had many members and sympathetic parties within the Kuesla party and the defence force. Over time it quietly gained significant control over the legislature, and used it to promote military expansion with the ultimate strategic goal of supporting a unilateral declaration of independence from Morstaybishlia. Advice and financial support was lent to the group from several sympathetic foreign nations including Ethalria and [[East Cerdani]], bolstering its capabilities and providing safe havens for its members. Despite this, police action against the organisation caused a large amount of trouble. Several key members including [[Kiet Narvga]] and Darius Finch were arrested in 1963 after being found complicit in a money laundering scheme for the party, but narrowly avoided conviction. Whilst the police knew of the NPLP, a lack of resources meant they could not possibly undo it or any other radical organisation. Thus a militant paranoia was fostered amongst the police force which lead to violent crackdowns on suspected revolutionary activity. A popular counterculture emerged from this which quickly spread across the continent, and the NPLP thrived in the resulting environment.
[[File:Taurus 1 MBT in Staynes 1972.jpg|left|thumb|270px|An Axdelian Taurus 1 MBT holding position near Monnedura, a small town in Corstania Province during the [[Auroran Imperial War]].]]
By the late 1950's, the counterculture movement emerged across Aurora as a response to established norms, and with it, and increased number of protests and riots within Axdel, predominantly in the Emberwood and Quartz fern regions. Using it as cover for their activities, the NPLP and other groups became significantly more prolific, especially in higher education and universities. With public opinion becoming critical, [[Ian Crowcasa]] stated in a private cabinet meeeting in 1964 that a violent uprising in Axdel would "certainly occur within the next few years", and that it would tip the balance of power on the continent dangerously towards Ethalria. As a stop-gap solution to mitigate the effect any uprising would have on the empires control of the region and trusting the, Crowcasa approved a boost to defence spending that including a sizeable subsidy for the the ADF, believing that boost would allow any local unrest to be dealt quickly and independently, as well as to provide aid in defending from potential Ethalrian naval assaults. In the following years, production of arms and war materiel ramped up, reservist numbers increased more than fourfold, and many more officers were covertly trained in preparation for the number of soldiers which were expected to form the new Noroist Army. In order to hide the stockpiles of arms, much of what was produced officially written off as lost or damaged before being hidden in warehouses, hangars and drydocks by non-military personnel. Occasionally moreMore conspicuous equipment such as warships and planes werewas sometimesoccasionally stored or even built in other countries. Whilst leaks inevitably occurred, they were few enough that this successfully concealed much of firepower the ADF truly had from the Morstaybishlian government for the critical years approaching their independence.
 
In the early hours of December 14th 1969, the NPLP initiated the long-planned coup, with trusted contacts in the Kuesla party taking control of the legislature by force and ordering the loyal sections of the ADF to mobilise, bombing major highways and railways leading into Staynes and South Staynes. Whilst relatively quick and bloodless, the NPLP's leader Winston Ulysses was assassinated, leaving vice commandant Kiet Narvga to lead the reorganisation of Axdels government and armed forced, and to finish taking control of the dominion. By the turn of the year initial Morstaybishlian attempts to retake the region had failed, and he declared the Noroist Republic of Axdel an independent nation, at this point having ''de facto'' control all of the Dominion except portions of the West coast beyond the Auric Mountains.
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All Morstaybishlian allies turned a blind eye to the situation, unable to find adequate reason to undermine Morstaybishlia. Some nations supported Valeria, such as [[Norgsveldet]].
 
In April, in a highly controversial moment, a gunman in a police disguise was mistakenly identified as Labius Deputy Police Officer Aero Benagli and was allowed on set during a live television broadcast where the President was filming. The gunman, Fred Greidman, fired and shot Greta several times in the chest and stomach before shooting himself. Immediately following the incident, fascist opponent Morgan Lugin seized power of the senate. Civil unrest was intensified, and infighting began in major cities. The armed forces was dispatched and under Morgan Lugin was ordered to fire live ammunition at violent protesters. Several thousand people were massacred. This action sent the country into civil war and Lugin lost the trust of [[Delores Sofura]] and other fascist allies. With infighting reaching extreme heights, Lugin was forced to resign by his own council and later went into exile. A new interim government ran by seven members of the Vardem Committee believed it was in the national interest to reintegrate with Morstaybishlia. The committee flew to Sani Bursil to begin negotiations, and a few months later, Morstaybishlia recognised Valeria as an entity and Valeria integrated into the nation under the Acts of Union 1977. This formed a political union with the UnitedImperial Kingdom of Morstaybishlia to create the UnitedImperial Kingdom of Great Morstaybishlia.
 
====Between the two Auroran Wars====
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On 15 April 1990, Grand Duke Telvi II of Meremaa ordered the military to fire at a labour strike organised by Democratic Socialist political organisations in the city of Morzk. Immediately after the actions ordered by Telvi II, Meremaan news outlets and papers began glorifying their leader and exerting an approach relating to their foreign policy which gave Prime Minister [[Robert Delari]] an unclear future for [[Dalmaghar]]. This concerned Robert Delari, who retaliated by condemning the actions of the Grand Duke. Meremaa declared their intentions to align further with [[Norgsveldet]] economically despite their independence less than a decade before.
 
Delari viewed this negatively, and made public his views on how Meremaa has lost its sovereignty and how the Morstaybishlian Government no longer viewed the government of Meremaa as legitimate. As civil unrest grew into civil war, Delari endorsed the Democratic Socialist movement, led by [[Tyr Vaines]], which branded itself as the Republican Forces of Meremaa, whilst simultaneously sending its PacificCerenerian Fleet to protect the Morstaybishlian asset of Dalmaghar.
 
Norgsveldet viewed the newfound Morstaybishlian naval presence in Dalmaghar as hostile. However, they initially laid off any form of support to Meremaa as Morstaybishlia had not officially sided with the republicans.
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On 1 August, a group of crossbench politicians from the two provinces declared a new '[[State of Morstaybishlia]]' as independent from Great Morstaybishlia. Pro-Kalmington politicians had quickly rallied overnight and attempted to organise a resistance. The streets of Redrugus and other large cities entered a week of civil unrest. Until the seperatist forces (which by now had consolidated a disproportionate section of the [[Royal Armed Forces of the Empire|Morstaybishlian Armed Forces]], including 90% of the [[Imperial Navy|Imperial Navy's]] Home Fleet) managed to mobilise defensive lines on the Burren mountains and the Anker River, many thousands evacuated and general [[Wikipedia:Anarchy|anarchy]] proliferated the cities.
 
The Morstaybishlian government acted swiftly, though critics argue there were obvious signs a military coup d'etat of Redrugus and Horkalo was happening under their noses months before it happened. Before separatists gained air superiority, Morstaybishlian long-range bomber aircraft disabled several naval vessels, including MBS ''Horkalo'', a [[Litop Class|''Litop''-class IIA]] destroyer. The surrounding waters of Xenliada saw naval engagement, where ships under MBE scrambled to escape State control and disabled targets where they could. Four ships under the MBE's control were sank, including two [[Wikipedia:Admiral Gorshkov-class frigate|''AeternumRouanezkador''-class frigates]], MBS ''Walverdon'' and MBS ''Torrin'', claiming a total of 787 crew. Seperatists were fought back to the Heldon Bridge, where they destroyed it, thus forming the line of control that would remain until Great Morstaybishlia invaded two years later.
 
[[File:Staynish resistance fighters in Redrugus.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Members of the [[Staynes|Staynish Liberation Army]], a Morstaybishlian-backed resistance movement fighting on the streets of Fort Staynes, November 2004.]]
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=====Acts of Union=====
[[File:Johannes and Samsey.png|right|thumb|300px|Prime Minister [[Walter Johannes]] of Great Morstaybishlia (left) and Prime Minister [[Arran Samsey]] of JustelvardJusdelva (right) after signing the Acts of Union of Great Morstaybishlia and JustelvardJusdelva in 2016.]]
 
JustelvardJusdelva faced continuous trouble with a language and cultural divide since it was colonised in the earlylate 17th15th century. JustelardJusdelva, who seceded from Morstaybishlia upon the closure of the Auroran Imperial War was bound by the Port MakuhLoeizaporzh Agreement, signed by former Prime Minister [[Delores Gastrell]] and the first Prime Minister of JustelvardJusdelva JamesinaRiannar B. SeferaCarrington, which stated that "if at any stage it is clear that a majority of constituencies in JustelvardJusdelva hold pro-Morstaybishlian seats, then a referendum for Morstaybishlian reunification would be considered" and that, under these terms, "a Morstaybishlian reunification would see JustelvardJusdelva become a functioning member state of Great Morstaybishlia as opposed to territory of the crown". After the 2014 JustelvardJusdelva Generalgeneral Electionelection, the new Prime Minister Wiley Gordwin was elected but led a minority government, his opposition could not form a government but which formed for the first time a majority for pro-Morstaybishlia. Gordwin controversially ignored this clause in the Port MakuhLoeizaporzh Agreement, and had a huge backlash from politicians and the general public. At the time, Gordwins' opinion polls dropped to 23 percent, the lowest of any JustelvardicJusdelviz Prime Ministers ever. A general election was called after a vote of no confidence. The Liberal League of JustelvardJusdelva lost ten seats in the 2015 JustelvardJusdelva Generalgeneral Electionelection and the JustelvardicJusdelviz Unionist Party was voted in. His successor, and the new Prime Minister [[Arran Samsey]], held a referendum on 16 December 2015 which saw a 65 percent vote for Morstaybishlian reunification, though no constituency in the WesternEastern Outliers voted to leave. Samsey flew to Sani Bursil on as many as eleven occasions to discuss with [[Walter Johannes]] an agreement. One year later to the day, on 16 December 2016, the UnitedImperial Kingdom of Great Morstaybishlia and JustelvardJusdelva came into being, the result of Acts of Union being passed by the parliaments of Great Morstaybishlia and JustelvardJusdelva and so unite the two kingdoms.
 
====Auroran-PacificCerenerian War====
''See also: [[Auroran-PacificCerenerian War]]
 
[[File:Ethalrian bombing of a Calth village.jpg|right|thumb|275px|Ethalrian bombing of a CaltharusianKaltariz town.]]
After loyalists to the Ethalrian Monarchy illegitimately seized the government of the Republic of Ethalria in May 2017 to form the Greater Ethalrian Empire, the Morstaybishlian Government would call an emergency meeting between world leaders at [[Sani Bursil Royal Palace]] resulting in an allegiance of half a dozen countries to fight the new Auroran threat. Tensions rose across the world for a few weeks. The Royal Parade was not cancelled despite the best efforts of Prime Minister Walter Johannes, who deemed it 'unsafe in the current political climate'. During the parade around Sani Bursil, an assassination attempt on King Lambertus VII failed but resulted in the death of the heir apparent [[Prince Thadeus]]. It was soon thereafter discovered that the plot was orchestrated by operatives of the [[Ethalria (Matriarchy)|Matriarchy of Ethalria]] working for [[Amalda Harimann]] and Great Morstaybishlia declared war on the Matriarchy the same day.
 
With Stratarin's Premier [[Viktor Drugov]] losing his position of power to Mikhail Starikov, Great Morstaybishlia lost one of its great allies. Starikov made his intentions known and became allies with the Matriarchy of Ethalria, the Greater Ethalrian Empire and Kostromastan, forming the axis. Stratarin played a vital role in military armament and funding of the axis; in particular Kostromastan, who had used this aide to push an invasion deep into Nocturne. Kostromastan and Stratarin would aim to push deep into Barbarus and Laulia Provinces to ambush the vastly spread and deeply entrenched allied forces in their battle over north Ethalrian cities, and a planned Strataric naval invasion on the beaches of Aurus and Laulia Provinces was narrowly prevented when their naval routes were cut off by the [[The Oan Isles|Oan Isles]], which began the PacificCerenerian Theater of War. Great Morstaybishlia immediately amassed a force with [[Lokania]] and [[Kuthernburg]] to invade both Ethalrias. Facing fierce opposition, the allies narrowly secured victories in Arkenvel and Avenai in late June and July, later beating the Matriarchy of Ethalria in the battle for Karinthus and later Ribenstadt, the Ethalrian capital which would lead Harimann into hiding and see the Ethalrian Vice Matriarch sign the Instrument of Surrender on the 24th of October. In the west the allies were repelled into Valeria, with bombing of cities Leriad, Burleron and Kovaro killing millions of people, but upon the surrender of the Matriarchy of Ethalria, the Greater Ethalrian Empire caved into pressure on all sides from the allies, herself surrendering soon thereafter. Immediately following the war, Great Morstaybishlia, as well as Axdel, Tuvaltastan and the Oan Isles saw the fragmentation of both Ethalria's and occupied each zone which became the six [[Ethalns|Ethaln]] countries.
 
====Since the Auroran-PacificCerenerian War====
[[File:Embask oil rig in the Artic.jpg|left|thumb|300px|One of the twelve oil rigs owned by [[Embask]] and later purchased by the Kyrlot Government.]]
Walter Johannes lost the [[2019 Great Morstaybishlia General Election]] to [[MBE Labour|Labour's]] fielded candidate [[Franklin Barvata]]<ref>[[MBC]], 27th February 2019. ''Barvata Defeats Johannes''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s45.html#p208859</ref>, ending the 14 year Johannes administration and subsequently stepped down as [[MBE Conservatives|Conservative]] leader<ref>[[MBC]], 8th March 2019. ''Walter Johannes Resigns''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s45.html#p209246</ref>.
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In the defence of peace, Great Morstaybishlia, [[Meremaa]] and [[Norgsveldet]] signed the Riberoe Pact<ref>[[MBC]], 19th May 2020. ''Riberoe Talks a Success''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s75.html#p229172</ref>, a non-aggression treaty over the tensions in the territorial waters of Meremaa and [[Dalmaghar]] that have existed since the Meremaa Civil War.
 
On 25 June 2020 Prime Minister Franklin Barvata made a speech advocating de-escalating Arcturia<ref>[[MBC]], 25th June 2020. ''Barvata's Speech''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s75.html#p231546</ref> after large political blocs including the [[NSTO]], [[Union of Commonwealth Alliances|UCA]] and [[League of Novaris|LN]] condemned [[Rodenia]] for their [[2020 Puntalia Military Intervention|military intervention into Puntalia]]. The Morstaybishlian Government deployed the Home Fleet to Lambombay Naval Base, [[NewNevez CalthKaltariezh]]; a 200 vessel strong [[Wikipedia:Theater (warfare)|theater-level]] component command led by aircraft carrier MBS ''Glasgore'' to provide humanitarian aid and to promote de-escalation with their presence<ref>[[MBC]], 25th June 2020. ''Great Morstaybishlia Deploys the Home Fleet''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s75.html#p231546</ref><ref>Government Statement, 25th June 2020. ''Our Response to Rodenia''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/the-puntalian-takeover-t17235.html#p231732</ref>. A day later the home fleet was split into three. MBS ''Jarsdel'' was sent to lead a force to the west coast of Rodenia, MBS ''Sinkasa'' was sent with a group to the east coast and MBS ''Glasgore'' led a group on the north coast<ref>[[MBC]], 29th June 2020. ''Great Morstaybishlia Moves its Fleet''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s75.html#p231744</ref>. Barvata scrutinised Prime Minister [[Johanna Sverdrup]] of Norgsveldet for her “lack of professionalism and cooperation” following a telephone conversation between the two where he tried to establish meaningful cooperation and to de-escalate and overcome the tensions in Arcturia<ref>[[MBC]], 29th June 2020. ''Sverdrup: "Unreasonable"''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s75.html#p231744</ref><ref>Released Cabinet Minutes, 29th June 2020. ''Barvata Discusses Conservation with Norgsveltian prime minister''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/the-puntalian-takeover-t17235-s15.html#p231742</ref>. Barvata reached out to [[Packilvania]] for support in blockading the naval maritime border between a NSTO-UCA coalition and Rodenia<ref>[[MBC]], 1st July 2020. ''Unprecedented Moves''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s90.html#p231879</ref><ref>Released Cabinet Minutes, 30th June 2020. ''Barvata addresses Cabinet on his communique with Empress Noi of Packilvania''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s90.html#p231879</ref>. The addition of Packilvania alongside Great Morstaybishlia plateaued rising troop deployment from the NSTO and UCA.
 
On 10 July 2020 Great Morstaybishlia hosted a conference of nation states involved in the Puntalian Crisis. The 2020 PCT Sani Bursil Summit saw the end of hostilities from Rodenia, the NSTO and UCA with the Puntalian Cooperation Council (PCC) erected to maintain the clauses of the [[Puntalian Compromise Treaty]]. In accordance to the clauses laid out in the treaty, Great Morstaybishlia and Packilvania ended its maritime occupation and blockade to prevent an outbreak of war between nations involved. Great Morstaybishlia was a listed member of the Puntalian Cooperation Council and will lead in the establishment of PCC military installations in both New Puntalia and Puntalia.
 
[[File:Fort Nocturne riot 1.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Violent protests against the Black Alert restrictions in West Noctana, Fort Nocturne.]]
Terrorists co-ordinated two attacks that took place on 24 July 2020 in Barbarus and Jomsgord Provinces, CaltharusKaltariezh, Great Morstaybishlia. Beginning at 08:36, one Khadgar tank operated by terrorists alongside 37 terrorists shot and blew up the side of the Barbarus police headquarters building before committing a mass shooting. At 9:06 another tank and gunmen committed a second mass shooting on the Khauser police headquarters. Both mass shootings resulted in a standoff with police. 67 civilians were killed and another 71 injured. 67 of the suspected 81 attackers were killed. Since the attacks, nobody has taken responsibility. Prime Minister Franklin Barvata initiated a state of emergency which was declared across Great Morstaybishlia to help fight terrorism, involving the banning of public demonstrations, and allowing the police to carry out searches without a warrant, put anyone under house arrest without trial and block websites that encouraged acts of terrorism. Calthia, Laulia, Aurus, Barbarus, Jomsgord provinces of CaltharusKaltariezh were put on Black Alert with a curfew of 21:00, football matches and pubs were also closed and non-essential travel became prohibited. The [[July 2020 CaltharusKaltariezh attacks]] were the deadliest in Great Morstaybishlia since the Auroran Imperial War.
 
A day later, [[2020 Nocturne riots|violent riots in major cities of Nocturne Province]] began in Fort Nocturne against the military presence and changes implemented following the terror attacks. The rioting escalated into over twenty minutes of armed conflict between the join occupying police and military presence and freedom fighters, claiming the lives of six police, two soldiers and 29 freedom fighters. Immediately following the conflict the Prime Minister tightened restrictions but rioting, arson, looting and other violent crimes ensued continuously for another four days, until 29 July. Since then, rioting has continued but more sporadically and no engagements between armed forces and freedom fighters have occured.
 
The [[August 2020 CaltharusKaltariezh police attack]] saw a drone bomb attack into a meeting of chief constables in Kola House, Nocturne provincial police headquarters, eastern CaltharusKaltariezh, Great Morstaybishlia; that happened at 14:05 and claimed the lives of six chief constables, one deputy chief constable and one site engineer. No one has claimed responsibility for the attack, although in a nation addressed Prime Minister Franklin Barvata insisted that the same group responsible for the July 2020 CaltharusKaltariezh attacks are to blame.
 
The prime minister denied a proposed independence referendum by MP [[Berinter Fokes]] for the city of Aegis in Valeria that was set out in a clause of the Aegis Area Agreement of 1975 and 1977. The Supreme Court of Great Morstaybishlia ruled his denial of the clause unlawful. The prime minister flew to Andel, the capital of Axdel and conferred with President Diego Corbinn where they ruled out the clause as void due to the clause not bring brought over from signatory state of Noroist Axdel to Axdel, due to the nature of the transition. After the prime ministers' address, many South Staynish Labour MPs organised a faction within the party, known as Valerian Labour, which would fight for better representation for the constituent country and for a more appropriate national identity. The Valeria Secretary of State [[Nellie Hermin]] resigned and conveyed a public speech to millions of viewers, prompting for the resignation of the prime minister.
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== Geography ==
[[File:Jan 2021 MBE big boi proof.jpg|right|thumb|400px|Map showing the Morstaybishlian Empire at its territorial maximum, with former territories, protectorates and other forms of governance in light green and text in red, and the current formulation in dark green with text in black.]]
Great Morstaybishlia has an area of 5,940,250km² (or 2,293,542 square miles). The mainland part of Great Morstaybishlia is made up of Staynes, CaltharusKaltariezh and Valeria which are collectively referred to as Morstaybishlia. JustelvardJusdelva is an archipelago located in the Caven Sea that forms the metropolitan part of the Great Morstaybishlia along with Morstaybishlia. This article will refer to the metropolitan part of the MBE unless it specifically refers to one, some or all of its numerous overseas territories.
 
Great Morstaybishlia is the third biggest nation and largest transcontinental empire on Urth. At its height, it was the largest nation on the planet, with an empire that comprised what currently forms the [[Kuthernburg]] Commonwealth, most of the [[Gordic Council]] and other territories. It has a diverse range of ecosystems. Its metropolitan area goes through five timezones.
[[File:Mount Kersivius.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Mount Kersivius is the tallest mountain in Aurora at 7,405 m.]]
 
The average elevation is 845 m (or 2772 ft). The highest elevation is the summit of [[Zycannes#Mount Kersivius|Mount Kersivius]] which is 7,405 m (or 24,294 ft). The lowest elevation is the Nepiditras Depression in CaltharusKaltariezh (at 79 m below sea level). The longest river is Stayn River with a length of 5,216 km (or 3241 miles). The largest lake by surface area is Morsa Lake with an area of 129,850 km² (or 50,135 square miles). It is the second largest lake by surface area on [[Urth]].
 
The geology of JustelvardJusdelva and Morstaybishlia are different. JustelvardJusdelva was formed from volcanic activity and as such it has igneous rock with a base of basalt rock. Morstaybishlia has sedimentary rock with high amount of metals such as iron, aluminium and silicate minerals, precious metals such as silver, rhodium, palladium, platinum and gold, semi precious and precious stones such as sapphire, ruby, garnet, emerald and red beryl, and fossil fuels such as petroleum, natural gas and coal.
 
===Biodiversity and environment===
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Great Morstaybishlia as a whole comprises largely varying [[wikipedia:Ecosystem|ecosystems]]. JustelvardJusdelva has an entirely [[wikipedia:tropical climate|tropical climate]] and over 65% of the land is made up by the Flizon rainforest. The Flizon is recognised as being one of the greatest biological diversity sites in the world and is a lot more species rich than the Jubrione evergreen rainforest despite its higher level of biodiversity to other evergreen rainforests, caused by large annual rainfall from Morsa Lake which extends all the way to the Agners mountains and the Staynes-CaltharusKaltariezh border.
 
Small regions of [[Wikipedia:Moorland|Moorlands]] and the [[Wikipedia:Gran Sabana|Great Savanna]] form a natural barrier around the Jubrione evergreen rainforest to the temperate deciduous forests in Staynes. The Great Savanna offers one of the most unusual landscapes in the world, with rivers, waterfalls and gorges, deep and vast valleys, impenetrable jungles and savannahs that host large numbers and varieties of plant species, a diverse fauna and the isolated table-top [[Wikipedia:Mesa|mesas]]. The Great Savanna extends all the way from the western Staynish coast to the centre-north CaltharusianKaltariz coast, though it is split into western and eastern regions. Much of it has been turned into agriculture or settlement by humans over millennia, though considerable amounts have been protected as national parks today.
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[[File:Zycannes.jpg|left|thumb|180px|An aerial view of a region of the [[Zycannes]].]]
In part of being split by two mountain ranges, the Zycannes and the Kalivian mountains; CaltharusKaltariezh is split into three different regions. The north of the Zycannes is windward and hosts a mixture of temperate climates, present in the north and north west is an oceanic climate and closer to the Zycannes is a typical continental climate. Immediately below the Zycannes is a narrow belt of cold desert called the Waron Desert and the Versuben mountains which connects to the Zycannes in two places and forms a segregated low area of hot arid land known as the Versubish Desert. Between the Waron Desert and the Kalivian mountains there are areas of large precipitation and thus forms a large wet temperate forest region. North of the Kalivian mountains is windward and south of the mountains is leeward, giving the provinces of Nocturne and some of Barbarus and Jomsgord a mixture of steppe and a semi-arid deserts.
 
In the seas surrounding Great Morstaybishlia, JustelvardJusdelva is host to some 25 [[Wikipedia:Deep-water coral|deep-water corals]] primarily in the Western Outliers Province but also in the Dorghold Islands chain between Sinerus Island and Varness. The largest deep-water corals are Pannagar corals which extends over a length of about 43 kilometers (27 mi), and has a width of up to 6.9 kilometers (4.3 mi) and Kenure corals which extends over a length of about 31 kilometers (19.2 mi), and has a width of up to 5 kilometers (3.1 mi). The deep-water corals belong to the [[Wikipedia:Cnidaria|Phylum Cnidaria]] and are mostly [[Wikipedia:Scleractinia|stony corals]], but also include [[Wikipedia:Antipatharians|black and horny corals]]. The black and horny corals aren't present in the 4 deep-water corals off the coast CaltharusKaltariezh and Staynes respectively. Off the coast of Valeria and encompassing most of the continental waters in the Azure Sea lies a [[wikipedia:Kelp forest|kelp forest]].
[[File:Kukenan Roraima GS.jpg|thumb|1000px|center|View of the [[Wikipedia:Tepui|table-top mountains]], Mount Bedwis (left) and Mount Derstall, in the Great Savanna, Horkalic Basin National Park. The meanings of Mount Bedwis is believed to come from the [[Wikipedia:Old English|Old Staynic]] word 'beódwist', meaning 'where food was placed on'; Mount Derstall derives from Old Staynic and means 'the chair which Thaer sits' from the word 'Đær' and 'stol'.]]
 
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Metropolitan Morstaybishlia is divided into three regions that vary dramatically in climate and soils, though it is largely temperate, oceanic, monsoon and semi-arid; these regions are divided by the Zycannes which due to the tundra climate is widely inhospitable, though the wetlands and foothills host over 20 percent of all Morstaybishlian flora species, including 411 [[Wikipedia:Flowering plant|angiosperm]], 5 [[Wikipedia:Gymnosperm|gymnosperm]] and 15 [[Wikipedia:Fern|fern]] species.
 
Staynes and CaltharusKaltariezh make up the Morstia region as their climates, flora and fauna are very dissimilar. The Morstia region hosts the most plant species in metropolitan Morstaybishlia. The Jubrione evergreen rainforest is a deciduous [[Wikipedia:Broad-leaved tree|broadleaf]], wet, high diversity rainforest; and as such contains over 50 percent of all plant species in metropolitan Morstaybishlia. The [[Wikipedia:Maple|Maple]] is found in the Jubrione and is Morstaybishlia's national tree; it has since been exported around the world through the [[Morstaybishlian Empire]]. Although a broad leaf forest, [[Wikipedia:Coniferous|coniferous]] trees make up over ten percent and are invasive, non-native species introduced from Gondwana in the 16th and 17th centuries.
 
[[File:Maple tree of MORST.jpg|left|thumb|220px|Maple tree, the national tree of Morstaybishlia.]]
[[File:Deep-water corals Western Outliers Province.jpg|left|thumb|220px|Pannagar Deep-water coral found off the coast of Turtle Shoal in the WesternEastern Outliers Province, JustelvardJusdelva .]]
The rest of Morstia is typically inhabited by deciduous forest, plains and moorland with a diverse pattern of vegetation. As with most of Aurora, prehistoric Morstaybishlia was covered with forest and swamp. Clearing began around 5,000 BCE and accelerated in medieval times. Despite this, Morstaybishlia retained its primeval forests and evergreen rainforest longer than most of Aurora due to its size, and wood shortages were not a problem until the 17th century. By the 18th century, around 50 percent of Morstaybishlian forests were consumed for shipbuilding or manufacturing charcoal and the nation was forced to import lumber from Arcturia. Today, most forest land in Morstaybishlia is maintained by state forestation programmes. Almost all land outside urban areas is farmland. However, relatively large areas of forest remain in north and south-west Staynes, north CaltharusKaltariezh and south-eastern Valeria. The most common trees in Morstaybishlia are beech, silver birch, elm and pedunculate oak. Natural forests in Morstaybishlia consist mainly of Maple or Oak. Farmland hosts a variety of semi-natural vegetation of grasses and flowering plants. Woods, hedgerows, mountain slopes and marshes host heather, wild grasses, gorse and bracken. Morstaybishlia has several national flowers, including the Hydrangea, Daffodil and the Morst Rose.
 
Valeria consists primarily of semi-arid desert, oceanic and temperate. The [[Wikipedia:Larrea tridentata|creosote bush]] is the dominant plant species on gravelly and occasional sandy soils in valley areas within the Sperran Desert. The other species creosote bush is found with depend on factors including the soil type, elevation, and degree of slope. Desert or arid grasslands comprise 20% of this desert and are often mosaics of shrubs and grasses, the most famous of which is the [[Wikipedia:Aristida purpurea|purple three-awn]].
 
JustelvardJusdelva is rich and varied, with habitats ranging from tidal swamps at sea level to alpine conditions. In low-lying coastal areas, various species of mangroves form the main vegetation, together with the beautiful casuarina, sago, and palm. Most of the country is covered by tropical and savanna rain forest, in which valuable trees such as kwila and cedar are found. Orchids, lilies, ferns, and creepers abound in the rain forests. There are large stands of pine at elevations of 910 to 1,220 m (3,000–4,000 ft). At the highest altitudes, mosses, lichens, and other alpine flora prevail.
 
===Fauna===
[[File:Auroran Jaguar 1.jpg|right|thumb|275px|The [[Wikipedia:North American jaguar|Auroran jaguar]] is the [[Wikipedia:National animal|national animal]] of Great Morstaybishlia. The Auroran jaguar's range includes all of the Jubrione National Park and several national parks in northern CaltharusKaltariezh.]]
The fauna of Morstaybishlia has many endemic species found nowhere else on Urth. Morstaybishlia shares a great deal of its fauna with the rest of the Auroran continent. An estimated 360 species of mammals characterize the fauna of the continental MBE. There are more than 600 species of bird and more than 65,000 species of insects. There are 272 known reptiles, 222 amphibians and 953 known fish species.
 
JustelvardJusdelva comprises a much smaller land area within the MBE, yet supports nearly an equal percentage of biodiversity, and constitutes nearly 5 percent of the recognised world vertebrates; ranging from an estimated 3 percent of the world's lizards and mammals to about 8 percent of the world's fish species.
 
[[File:Green-billed toucan (Justelvard).jpg|left|thumb|200px|[[Wikipedia:Green-billed toucan|Green-billed toucan]], the national bird of JustelvardJusdelva found throughout the Flizon rainforest.]]
There are animals that exist in all of the continental Morstaybishlia; some of which includes the [[Wikipedia:Eurasian sparrowhawk|Yastaurian sparrowhawk]], the [[Wikipedia:Common kestrel|common kestrel]], the [[Wikipedia:Stoat|Auroran stoat]], [[Wikipedia:European rabbit|Auroran rabbit]], [[Wikipedia:Wild boar|wild boar]], [[Wikipedia:Black rat|black rat]], [[Wikipedia:Pantherophis obsoletus|black rat snake]], [[Wikipedia:European common frog|Auroran common frog]] and [[Wikipedia:Steatoda nobilis|noble false widow]]. However, generally it is split similarly to the flora regions; that is the Morstia, Abergwerin, Valerian, Jubrione and Marislian regions.
 
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====Abergwerin====
 
Of the native fauna to Abergwerin perhaps the most notable are the [[Wikipedia: Wild boar | Wild boars]], hunting of whom was a common manhood ritual amongst early CalthianKaltian societies. Though now days surpassed by the CalthKalt Lion in cultural importance, in the Kingdoms of Calthia and Laulia it was a common theme in crests and flags.
 
Another notable part of Abergwerin Fauna is the CalthKalt Puma, nicknamed [[Wikipedia: Cougar | CalthKalt lion]], which in turn is found in so many Calhtarusian symbols. The CalthKalt Puma along with black bears is often considered the apex predator of the Abergwerin area. Though other notable predators include the [[Wikipedia:Eurasian lynx | Dotted CalthKalt lion]] and the wolf. Biologists have for years advocated for years for changing the common name of the dotted CalthKalt lion, because it is based on a centuries old misunderstanding that thought it was much closer than the actual CalthKalt lion, but so far the name has stuck
 
Abergwerin is home ot numerous snake species that populate it’s beaches and forrest. Luckily for the population however, most of the snakes while numerous are not deadly venomous, a dubious honour which goes only to the [[Wikipedia: Forest cobra | Forest Devil]] and the [[Wikipedia: Western Green Mamba | Green Viper]] species. Notably both of the species only bite in self defense, but are easily aggravated resulting in a large number of bites, especially to unwary hikers, each year.
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[[File:Common buzzard.jpg|left|thumb|170px|A perched [[Wikipedia:Common buzzard|common buzzard]].]]
[[File:Velvet Red Deer 1.jpg|right|thumb|225px|The [[Wikipedia:Red deer|velvet red deer]] is widespread through the Morstia region.]]
The ecoregions and ecology found in the Morstia region is extremely varied as it extends from the [[Molvian Corridor]] in the south-west to the border with Tivot and Blueacia in the north-east. The region has a diverse climate that influences the inhabiting fauna; a [[Wikipedia:Humid continental climate|humid continental climate]] in the southern provinces, a [[Wikipedia:Humid subtropical climate|humid subtropical climate]] in the middle provinces of mainly Staynes but also a small area of CaltharusKaltariezh, and [[Wikipedia:Tropical wet and dry climate|tropical wet and dry climate]] in the north of Staynes and over 90 percent of the Morstia region in CaltharusKaltariezh. There are densely forested areas found in southern and central Staynes which have mostly species adapted to living in [[Wikipedia:Temperate climate|temperate climates]], while northern Staynes excluding the Jubrione region and all of CaltharusKaltariezh in this region have a fauna resembling its position in the subtropic and tropics.
 
The western coast of Staynes varies from a warmer-to-colder climate from north to south. Several species live throughout the coast, though mostly avian and fish species such as the [[Wikipedia:Eurasian sparrowhawk|Yastaurian sparrowhawk]] which inhabits the Bolmertheton Isles and Montinay Island, but also the [[Wikipedia:Gray hawk|grey buzzard]], [[Wikipedia:Peruvian anchoveta|Auroran anchovy]], [[Wikipedia:Yellowfin tuna|yellowfin tuna]], [[Wikipedia:Black marlin|black marlin]], [[Wikipedia:Swordfish|swordfish]] and [[Wikipedia:Ornithoteuthis volatilis|shiny bird squid]]. In most of the Morstia region are various deer species like the [[Wikipedia:Red deer|velvet red deer]] and [[Wikipedia:Fallow deer|fallow deer]]; [[Wikipedia:Speckled ground squirrel|speckled ground squirrel]], [[Wikipedia:European badger|common badger]], [[Wikipedia:Red fox|red fox]], [[Wikipedia:Buzzard|buzzards]] and several species of snakes and lizards are common.
[[File:Morstaybishlian crocodile.jpg|left|thumb|120px|A Morstaybishlian crocodile leaping from the water.]]
 
Many species of mega fauna and large carnivorous mammals that lived in the Morstian savanna have been hunted for their meats, skins and ivory, and many have been pushed to extinction as a result. The [[Wikipedia:Brown bear|brown bear]] once spanned all of northern Aurora but was hunted for its fur and because it was a dangerous predator; today it lives in pockets of the Morstian region across northern Staynes and CaltharusKaltariezh. Some common species in the savanna include the [[Wikipedia:Myrmecophaga tridactyla|giant anteater]], [[Wikipedia:Priodontes maximus|giant armadillo]], [[Wikipedia:Leopardus pardalis|ocelot]], [[Wikipedia:Agouti paca|spotted paca]], [[Wikipedia:Pithecia pithecia|widow monkey]], [[Wikipedia:Rupicola rupicola|cock-of-the-rock]] and [[Wikipedia:Lachesis muta muta|tango pitviper]]. Many amphibians live in wet areas, including the [[Wikipedia:Bokermannohyla saxicola|golden belly frog]] and [[Wikipedia:Oreophrynella quelchii|black bumped toad]]. [[Wikipedia:Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris|Capybara]] are also found in the savanna and is the provincial animal of Horkalo and Jubliak.
 
Along the north and west coastlines are several species of [[Wikipedia:Whale|whales]], [[Wikipedia:Sea otter|sea otters]], [[Wikipedia:Grey seal|grey seals]], and even the [[Wikipedia:Lesser flamingo|Morstian flamingo]].
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The Jubrione region has many insect and terrestrial gastropod molluscs. The [[Wikipedia:Rasberry crazy ant|raspberry crazy ants]], [[Wikipedia:Longhorn crazy ant|longhorn crazy ants]] and [[Wikipedia:Fire ant|fire ants]] are widely distributed here. The Jubrione region has over six hundred [[Wikipedia:Bee|bee]] species, but only one of them make honey; the [[Wikipedia:Apis florea|red dwarf honey bee]], and is native across the rest of Aurora. [[Wikipedia:Banana slugs|banana slugs]], [[Wikipedia:Six-spotted tiger beetle|six-spotted tiger beetles]] and [[Wikipedia:Goldenrod soldier beetle|goldenrod soldier beetles]] are endemic to the Jubrione Rainforests.
 
====JustelvardJusdelva====
 
====Valerian====
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With almost a thousand species, of which roughly ⅔ are endemic to the region, the Zycannes are the most important region in the world for amphibians. The diversity of animals in the Zycannes is high, with almost 650 species of mammals (15 percent endemic), more than 1,800 species of bird (about 30 percent endemic), more than 650 species of reptiles (about 48 percent endemic) and 420 species of fish (around 35 percent endemic).
 
The [[Wikipedia:Vicuña|Zycuna]] can be found living in the Zycannes plateau, the widest part of the mountain range and are similar to camelids in YasteriaCereneria and [[Gondwana]]. Few predators exist here, but those that do are the [[Wikipedia:Brown bear|brown bear]], [[Wikipedia:Andean cat|Zycannes cat]] and the [[Wikipedia:Yellow-throated marten|golden-throated marten]] - a widely distributed omnivore whose sources of food range from fruit and nectar to small deer; they also play an important role in local folklore and Zycandean culture. The nocturnal [[Wikipedia:Chinchilla|chinchillas]], two threatened members of the [[Wikipedia:Rodent|rodent]] order, inhabits the Zycannes' alpine regions and are widely domesticated. [[File:Tapirus_pinchaque_portrait.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Wikipedia:Mountain tapir|Mountain tapirs]] are found nowhere else on [[Urth]].]] [[File:Bullockia maldonadoi.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Wikipedia:Bullockia maldonadoi|''Bullockia maldonadoi''.]] is a species of endemic catfish. Found in freshwater rivers and lakes, the fish grows to about 7 centimetres (2.8 in).]] Other domestics that originates from the Zycannes region are the [[Wikipedia:Mara (mammal)|Mara]] and the [[Wikipedia:Andean mountain cavy|Zycannes mountain cavy]]. Other wild mammals found in the relatively open habitats of the high Zycannes include the [[Wikipedia:South Andean deer|Zycandean deer]] and foxes in the genus ''[[Wikipedia:South American fox|Pseudalopex]]''.
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Great Morstaybishlia has a climate that varies. Most of Morstaybishlia is temperate, with plentiful rainfall all year round. The temperature varies with the seasons seldom dropping below −5 °C (23 °F) or rising to 42 °C (107.6 °F) in the north, and dropping below -15 °C (5 °F) or rising to 24 °C (75.2 °F) in the south. The southern regions of Valeria often has prevailing winds which bears frequent spells of mild and wet weather from the Azure Sea, although the northern parts are mostly sheltered from this wind since the majority of the rain falls over the southern regions and therefore the midland regions including the Sperran Desert are the driest. Packilvanian currents, warmed by the Oceanus Stream, bring mild winters; especially in the west where winters are dry. Summers are warmest in the north of Morstaybishlia being closest to the tropics but also in the several deserts within the rain shadow of the Zycannes, and coolest in the south. Heavy snowfall can occur more southerly in winter and early spring on high ground, and occasionally settles to great depth away from the hills.
 
In most of the Flizon Jungle and parts of the Jubrione, there is no dry season. The Flizon has an average precipitation value of at least 60 mm (2.4 in) per month whilst the Jubrione has around 304 mm (12 in) per month. Tropical rainforests and tropical evergreen rainforests have no summer or winter; it is typically hot and wet throughout the year and rainfall is both heavy and frequent and in the Jubrione very unpredictable. One day in these climates can be very similar to the next, while the change in temperature between day and night may be larger than the average change in temperature during the year. The Jubrione is considerably temperate, between 16 °C and 22 °C or 60.8 °F and 73 °F degrees. The northern Jubrione coast is the hottest, at an average of 23 °C. The Jubrione maintains annual humidity levels of 77%. The Flizon Jungle in JustelvardJusdelva maintains an average heat of 28 °C and annual humidity levels between 78% and 80%.
 
[[File:The Harsh Winter of 1943 in South Staynes.jpg|left|thumb|220px|Morstaybishlian army troops clearing snow from a railway cutting, 1943.]]
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Great Morstaybishlia has sovereignty over seventeen territories which do not form part of the MBE itself: fifteen Morstaybishlian Overseas Territories and two Crown dependencies.
 
The nineteen Morstaybishlian Overseas Territories are remnants of the [[Morstaybishlian Empire]]: they are [[Andomi]], Eskomia, Neptentia Islands, Detention Islands, [[Louzaria]], [[NewNevez CalthiaKaltariezh]], the [[Seligeze Islands]], [[Morstaybishlian Rotantic Territories]], [[Joralesia]], [[Rosamund Island]], [[Dalmaghar]], [[Buzela]], [[Bolize]], New Celidizia, [[Morstaybishlian West PacificCerenerian Territories]], [[Salisar]], [[Balidar]], [[Kystland]] and [[Saint Matilda]]. Collectively Morstaybishlia's overseas territories encompass an approximate land area of 828,243 square kilometers (319,786 sq mi), with a total population of 106.144 million. A 2001 MBE government white paper stated that: "[The] Overseas Territories are Morstaybishlian for as long as they wish to remain Morstaybishlian. Morstaybishlia has willingly granted independence where it has been requested; and we will continue to do so where this is an option." Self-determination is also enshrined in the constitutions of several overseas territories and three have specifically voted to remain under Morstaybishlian sovereignty (Buzela in 1996, Joralesia in 2001 and New Celidizia in 2010).
 
The Crown dependencies are possessions of the Crown, as opposed to overseas territories of the MBE. They comprise two independently administered jurisdictions: the [[Necraties Islands]] and [[FrorkstolmEskomia]]. By mutual agreement, the Morstaybishlian Government manages the islands' foreign affairs and defence and the MBE Parliament has the authority to legislate on their behalf. Internationally, they are regarded as "territories for which Great Morstaybishlia is responsible". The power to pass legislation affecting the islands ultimately rests with their own respective legislative assemblies, with the assent of the Crown. Since 2005 each Crown dependency has had a Lieutenant Governor as its head of government.
 
The Morstaybishlian dependencies all use the same currency as Great Morstaybishlia, the [[Kirib]].
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===Government===
[[File:Kalmington Palace 2021.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Kalmington Palace, seat of both houses of the Parliament of Great Morstaybishlia.]]
The Morstaybishlian parliamentary government is based on the Kalmington system that is emulated in some former colonies after 1917 and instated in 4 out of 6 nations in the [[Ethalns]] after the [[Auroran-PacificCerenerian War]]. The government is divided into two branches: an elected House of Representatives and an appointed House of Peers. All bills passed are given Royal Assent before becoming law.
 
The position of [[wikipedia:Prime Minister|prime minister]] is the head of government of Great Morstaybishlia. The position belongs to the person most likely to command the confidence of the House of Representatives; this individual is typically the leader of the political party or coalition of parties that holds the largest number of seats in that chamber. By convention, the monarch respects the prime minister's decisions of government.
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[[File:PMs of MBE JUL2021.png|left|thumb|700px|Prime Ministers since the First Parliament of 1917.]]
The [[MBEPrinciples Conservatives|Conservativeof Democracy Party]], the [[MBEProgress LabourParty (MBE)|LabourProgress Party]] and the [[MBECivic DemocratsParty (MBE)|DemocratsCivic Party]] have, in modern times, been the MBE's three major political parties, representing the Morstaybishlian traditions of conservatism, socialism and liberalismcentrism, respectively. Most of the remaining seats were won by parties that contest elections only in one party of the MBE: JustelvardJusdelvic Unionist Party and JustelvardJusdelvic Independence Party (JustelvardJusdelva only); and the NocturnianMarislian Independence Party (NocturneMarislia only). In accordance with party policy, no elected NocturnianMarislian Independence Party members of parliament have ever attended the House of Representatives to speak on behalf of their constituents because of the requirement to take an oath of allegiance to the monarch.
 
==== History of constituencies ====
[[File:Morstaybishlian Province Map.png|right|thumb|550px|Map of Great Morstaybishlia showing its 65 provinces.]]
 
In 1917, Morstaybishlia converted from absolutism to parliamentary democracy and the first mention of constituencies were made. After the Great War, Morstaybishlia's territory looked very different; [[Axdel]], and [[Emberwood Coast]] were apart of the Empire as dominions, whilst the lands east of the Ider River in CaltharusKaltariezh weren't. The Constituency Administration Committee were established to draw up the first constituency maps. The first iteration in 1917 had 1,214 constituencies and gave the Dominion of Axdel representation for the first time under the Morstaybishlian Empire with 170 seats. During the interwar period the constituencies remained unchanged until 1975 when [[Noroist Axdel]] gained independence and the land east of the Ider River came back under control of Morstaybishlia. The Constituency Administration Committee was re-established and produced a second map that overhauled most of the work from the first, producing 1,742 constituencies. This remained until the Acts of Union of Great Morstaybishlia and JustelvardJusdelva which saw 52 new constituencies added to make the final iteration of 1,794.
 
=== Provinces ===
 
The history of local government in Great Morstaybishlia differs between Staynes, CaltharusKaltariezh, Valeria (Valeria before the 13th century) and JustelvardJusdelva, and the subnational divisions within these which have been called provinces have varied over time and by purpose. The province has formed the upper tier of local government over much of Great Morstaybishlia at one time or another, and has been used for a variety of other purposes, such as for Lord Lieutenants, land registration and postal delivery.
 
All of the 10 provinces in Staynes are based off of historic countries during the [[Staynes#Interregnum period|First Interregnum Period]]. Over Staynes' history these provinces saw major reforms in 1621, 1784 and 1897, but were reverted back to the ten provinces in 1955. The provinces in Valeria were established in 1977 based on the historic divides during the administration of the Kingdom of Valeria prior to 1256; Valeria has the most provinces of any constituent country at 27 but since 1989 there have been calls to simplify these provinces down to 22. CaltharusKaltariezh has 22 provinces which are based off of the smaller kingdoms that existed before the unification of CaltharusKaltariezh in the 8th century.
 
=== Law enforcement and crime ===
[[File:Tribunal Supremo, Madrid.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Hamlen House, the location of the Supreme Court of Justice in Great Morstaybishlia.]]
 
Great Morstaybishlia does not have a single legal system as the 1515 Treaty of Union provided for the continuation of CaltharusKaltariezh's separate legal system. Today the MBE has three distinct systems of law: Staynish law, CaltharusKaltariz law and Valerian law. The Supreme Court of Great Morstaybishlia came into being in 1917 to replace the Royal Courts, which had been previously used since 1036. The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, including the same members as the Supreme Court, is the highest court of appeal for several independent Commonwealth countries, the [[Morstaybishlian Empire|Morstaybishlian Overseas Territories]] and the Crown Dependencies.
 
Both Staynish law, which applies in Staynes and JustelvardJusdelva, and Valerian law are based on common-law principles. The essence of common law is that, subject to statute, the law is developed by judges in courts, applying statute, precedent and common sense to the facts before them to give explanatory judgements of the relevant legal principles, which are reported and binding in future similar cases (''stare decisis''). The courts of Staynes and JustelvardJusdelva are headed by the Senior Courts of Staynes and JustelvardJusdelva, consisting of the Appeals Court, the Justice High Court (for civil cases) and the Royal Court (for criminal cases). The Supreme Court is the highest court in the land for both criminal and civil appeal cases in Staynes, Valeria and JustelvardJusdelva and any decision it makes is binding on every other court in the same jurisdiction, often having a persuasive effect in other jurisdictions.
 
In Staynes, Valeria and JustelvardJusdelva, The Court of Magistrates conduct trials. They are ranked according to the affairs and geographical area over which their jurisdiction extends. In order of least to highest, they are as follows: ward (or parish), borough (or shire), county (or district), then region (or province).
 
CaltharusianKaltariz law is a hybrid system based on both common-law and civil-law principles. The chief courts are the Conclave, for civil cases, and the Jurat High Court, for criminal cases. The Supreme Court of Great Morstaybishlia serves as the highest court of appeal for civil cases under CaltharusianKaltariz law. Sheriff courts deal with most civil and criminal cases including conducting criminal trials with a jury, known as sheriff solemn court, or with a sheriff and no jury, known as sheriff summary Court. The CaltharusianKaltariz legal system is unique in having three possible verdicts for a criminal trial: "guilty", "not guilty" and "not proven". Both "not guilty" and "not proven" result in an acquittal.
 
[[File:RPS Calinton.jpg|left|thumb|230px|RPS Calinton is the largest adult male prison in the MBE.]]
Each province possesses a police force under the authority of the provincial government. The national government controls law enforcement agencies that deal with particularly complex or multijurisdictional cases and provides support to province police. Some larger cities, such as [[Sani Bursil]], [[AeternumRouanezkador]] and Kirdintayos maintain their own police forces. Generally the law enforcement is disciplined and impartial. In recent years, more pressure has been put on policing in the MBE as staffing shortages have increased, which has led to breaches in security such as the [[Prince Thadeus, Duke of Horkalo#Assassination|Assassination of Prince Thadeus]]. As recently as 2016 this policing shortage has been called a national emergency.
 
Crime in Staynes, Valeria and JustelvardJusdelva increased in the period between 1976 and 1983, and then again between 1993 and 1997, though since that peak there has been an observed fall of 39 per cent in recorded crime from 1997 to 2007, according to crime statistics. However, as crimes have increased since 2016, the prison population of Great Morstaybishlia has increased to 2 million, giving the MBE the highest rate of incarceration in the [[Wikipedia:Southern hemisphere|southern hemisphere]] at 388 per 100,000. The Royal Prison Service (RPS), which reports to the Ministry of Justice, manages most of the prisons within metropolitan MBE, whilst the JustelvardJusdelva Prisons Committee (JPC) is independent. The murder rate in Great Morstaybishlia has increased in the second half of the 2010s with a murder rate around 3 per 100,000 which is double the peak in 2008, the highest year in that decade. Morstaybishlia's prisons are overcrowded and the prison population is increasing.
 
Although many nations have abolished [[Wikipedia:Capital punishment|capital punishment]], it is sanctioned in the MBE for certain civilian and military crimes, though this excludes JustelvardJusdelva. Executions are not commonplace, thought to be due to long prison sentences, good education and supplementary social welfare programs. Since 2000, there have been 159 executions. In recent years the number of executions and presence of capital punishment statute on whole has trended down nationally.
 
=== Foreign Relations ===
 
Great Morstaybishlia has an established structure of foreign relations. The MBE has a seat on the [[International Forum|International Forum Security Council]]. The MBE is a permanent member of the [[UNAC|United Nations of the Auroran Continent]], where Sani Bursil holds secondary and tertiary functions for the Auroran Parliament, Auroran Commission and Council of the UNAC. Historically, the Bank of Staynes issued the legal tender of the UNAC's predecessor, the [[Auroran Continental Assembly]]. Almost all countries have embassies in Sani Bursil or AeternumRouanezkador, and many have consulates around the country. Likewise, nearly all nations host Morstaybishlian diplomatic missions.
 
Great Morstaybishlia has a "[[Wikipedia:Special Relationship|Special Relationship]]" with [[Kuthernburg]], bolstered by being a Special Member of the [[NSTO|North Shield Treaty Organization]]. The MBE observes close relationships with [[Axdel]], [[The Oan Isles]], [[Kurandia]], and to a lesser extent [[Packilvania]]. As a member of the [[IRSA|Intercontinental Regional Security Accords]], the MBE works closely with its fellow members on military and security issues. The MBE heads the [[Morstaybishlian Economic Sphere]] and Morstaybishlian Commonwealth. It is a Permanent Invitee to the [[OFAC]], and has Observer Status in the [[Alliance of Northwest Gondwana]] and the [[League of Novaris]].
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[[File:RSNV Superior.jpg|right|thumb|175px|MBS ''Superior'', painted in 1805, is the Flagship of the First Sea Lord. It is the longest serving naval vessel being commissioned in 1775.]]
[[File:RSNV Bursil (shtorm-class supercarrier)2.jpg|right|thumb|175px|MBS ''Glasgore'', a ''Glasgore''-class supercarrier and the flagship of its class.]]
''The Royal Armed Forces of the Empire'' (''RAFOTE''), also known as ''His Majesty's Armed Forces'' (''HM's Armed Forces''), ''Morstaybishlian Armed Forces'' and the ''MBE Armed Forces'' form the military of the MBE and its Oversea Territories. They are made up of three branches: the Navy, Army and Air Force. The forces are managed by the Ministry of Defence and controlled by the Defence Council, chaired by the Secretary of State for Defence; currently Mikhail Sankuda. The Commander-in-Chief is the Morstaybishlian monarch, to whom members of the forces swear an oath of allegiance. The Armed Forces are charged with protecting Great Morstaybishlia and its overseas territories, promoting Great Morstaybishlia's global security interests and supporting international peacekeeping efforts. They are active and regular participants in the UNAC Defence Force. Overseas garrisons and facilities are maintained in [[Packilvania]], [[Blueacia]], [[Kuthernburg]], [[Axdel]], Mexregiona, [[Lokania]], [[South Yor|Yor]], [[Nacata]] and [[Atiland]], as well as in Overseas Territories of [[NewNevez CalthKaltariezh]], [[Louzaria]], [[Joralesia]], the Inuit Isles, [[FrorkstolmEskomia]], the [[Morstaybishlian West PacificCerenerian Territories]], [[Detention Island]], [[Rosamund Island]], [[Dalmaghar]], New Celidizia and Neptentia Island. The Morstaybishlian armed forces played a key role in establishing the Morstaybishlian Empire as the dominant world power in the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries. By emerging victorious from conflicts, Morstaybishlia has often been able to decisively influence world events. Since the comedown of the Morstaybishlian Empire, Great Morstaybishlia has remained a major military power.
 
The [[Imperial Navy]] controls three sub branches: the Imperial Marines (an amphibious infantry), the Imperial Coast Guard (a maritime law enforcement branch) and the Imperial Missile Force. The Army forms the land component. It controls another sub branch called the Gendarmerie, a paramilitary force. The Imperial Air Force forms the air branch and controls the air defence sub branch. The [[Redplate Guard]] are a fourth branch of the Armed Forces with its origins coming from the Union of the Thrones in 1515, it is typically the size of a brigade, of which there is a battalion called the Palatine Guard that is for service of the sovereign and their royal residencies.
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===Transport===
[[File:MBE bullet train.jpg|right|thumb|250px|BURAET Bullet train.]]
The railway network of Morstaybishlia, which as of 2019 stretches 265,847 kilometres (165,190 mi) is the most extensive in Aurora. The rail network was privatised between 2005 and 2009, which was followed by a rapid rise in passenger numbers following years of decline, although the factors behind this are disputed. There's 3,945 kilometers (2,451 mi) of rail network in JustelvardJusdelva and railways in JustelvardJusdelva are operated by JV Railways, a subsidiary of state-owned TrainLink. High-speed trains include the Aurostar, the BURAET and Ethaline trains, which travels at 320 km/h (199 mph) in commercial use. Since privatization in 2005 to 2009, dozens of Staynish railway companies compete in regional and local passenger transportation markets. Some 300 high-speed bullet trains connect major cities and these trains are known for their safety and punctuality. Great Morstaybishlia also has the LOOP, a hyperlink trainline that connects across Aurora and is the largest continuous train line ever built.
 
The Aurostar runs all across Aurora; BURAET literally means ''Bur''sil to ''Aet''ernum and connects the two capitals whilst also travelling through other major conurbations. Rail connections exist to all other neighboring countries in Aurora, except Dragonia. Intra-urban connections are also well developed with both underground services (Sani Bursil, Redrugus, Kirdintayos, AeternumRouanezkador, Lambertupol, Fort Jubrayn) and tramway services (Sani Bursil, Eskrador, Valeron, Imbazdu, Kasidura and others) complementing bus services.
 
[[File:Morst airplane.png|left|thumb|275px|Morstaybishlian Air is one of the biggest airlines in the world.]]
There are approximately 9,265,190 kilometres (5,757,122 mi) of serviceable roadway in Morstaybishlia, ranking it the most extensive network in the world. The Sani Bursil region is enveloped with the most dense network of roads and highways that connect it with virtually all parts of the country. Morstaybishlian roads also handle substantial international traffic, connecting with cities in neighboring North Ethalria, DurentriaDrakaland, Sarentria, Tivot, Volova, Tuvaltastan, Valerica, Rosalica and Asilica. The MBE has an annual motoring taxation; however, most motorways are free to use. The new car market is dominated by domestic brands such as Audelli (18% of cars sold in Morstaybishlia in 2010), Kentora (17.5%) and Mambeck (15.2%). Over 65% of new cars sold in 2013 had diesel engines, far more than contained petrol or LPG engines.
 
There are 4,176 airports in Great Morstaybishlia. Fort Jubrayn Airport, located on the outskirts of Fort Jubrayn, is the largest and busiest airport in the country, handling the vast majority of popular and commercial traffic and connecting to virtually all major cities across the world. Morstaybishlian Air is the national carrier airline, although numerous private airline companies provide domestic and international travel services such as Jubrayn Airlines and Limhay Travel. Great Morstaybishlia handled a total of 1.256 billion passengers in 2018. There are twelve major ports in Great Morstaybishlia, the largest of which is in Fort Jubrayn Aeternumand Rouanezkador, which also are the second and third-largest bordering the Morstaybishlian Sea behind Tarov. 110,349 kilometres (68,567 mi) of waterways traverse Morstaybishlia including the Anker River, which connects many of the interior Staynish cities to the West Sea, and the Jubliak River which connects Sani Bursil to the Morstaybishlian Sea.
 
===Tourism===
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Access to improved water supply and sanitation in the MBE is universal. It is estimated that 97.1 per cent of households are connected to the sewer network. According to the Government Agency for the Environment (GAE), total water abstraction for public water supply in the MBE was 126,750 megalitres per day in 2009. Drinking water standards and wastewater discharge standards in the MBE are formerly determined by the UNAC.
 
In metropolitan MBE, water and sewerage services are provided by 37 private regional water and sewerage companies and 29 mostly smaller private "water only" companies. In JustelvardJusdelva water and sewerage services are provided by a single public company, JustelvardJusdelva Water.
 
== Demographics ==
[[Image:List of cities in MBE by population.PNG|right|thumb|600px|Cities in Great Morstaybishlia by size]]
Great Morstaybishlia held a population census in May 2021 and recorded 515,889,582 people, making it the second most populous country in the world behind [[Packilvania]]. It has an urban population of 437,990,255 (83.90%), of which 179,576,005 (41%) is urban cities and 187,897,819 (42.9%) is urban towns. Barkoln is the most populous province, as the mean centre of Great Morstaybishlia's population has consistently shifted to the [[Sani Bursil|Cradle of Aurora]]. [[Sani Bursil]] is the most populous city, followed by AeternumRouanezkador and Kirdintayos. Great Morstaybishlia has a rural population of 83,058,222 (16.10%).
 
The total fertility rate in Great Morstaybishlia estimated for 2020 is 2.4 children per woman, which is above the replacement fertility rate of approximately 2.1. The Great Morstaybishlia Census Bureau shows a population increase of 3% for the twelve-month period ending in September 2014. This is considerably high by industrialised country standards, being above the world average annual rate of 1.1%.
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The Census Bureau projects a MBE population of 500 million in 2025, a (?)% increase from (?) ((?) million).
 
The average population density of Great Morstaybishlia is 81 people per square kilometer. On average, JustelvardJusdelva and Valeria are the densest constituent countries with 102.99 and 98.13 people per square kilometer respectively. On the other end of the spectrum CaltharusKaltariezh and Staynes are less dense with 80.61 and 69.12 people per square kilometer. The Sani Bursil metropolitan area is the densest region of the MBE with 9,859.37 people per square kilometer and the province of Jubrionas is the sparsest with 6.87 people per square kilometer. Six of the top ten largest provinces by population density are from Valeria, including Kladnes, which has a population density of 655.77 people per square kilometer and Kalidest, which has a population density of 645.46 people per square kilometer; the latter is where the capital Kirdintayos of Valeria is. JustelvardJusdelva observes the most even spread of population density by province, the densest province is Isekaiou with 534.51 people per square kilometer and the sparsest is the Western Outliers with 73.36 people per square kilometer.
 
===Ethnic groups===
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Historically, indigenous Morstaybishlian people were thought to be descended from the various ethnic groups that settled around the north coast of Aurora around 40 to 50 thousand BC: the Jubrites, Maltites and Kosites, who are thought to be the direct descendants of the Strathepolic people and the oldest ethnic group in the Aurora. A 2012 genetic study shows that more than 35% of the Morstaybishlian gene pool contains Salovian Y and Ethalrian Y chromosomes. Another 2015 genetic analysis indicates that "about 73% of the traceable ancestors of the modern Staynish population had arrived in the Staynish lands by about 10 thousand years ago, at the start of the Maltervenian Neolithic or Stone Age", and that the Staynish broadly share a common ancestry with the Axdelian people. A separate study conducted in Valeria found that only 30% of the gene pool contains the broad plethora of Morstaybishlian genes, with the rest coming from either West or East Aurora. Valeria was one of the last areas on Aurora to be truly inhabited by humans as the Zycannes prevented the immediate habitation and thus the descendants from the Kosites who traveled eastward eventually migrated to the Southern-Central Auroran coast and more specifically Valeria.
 
[[File:A Morst bride and groom.jpeg|right|thumb|250px|A bride and groom from Morstaybishlia who have the most common skin colour, found native to north Staynes and CaltharusKaltariezh.]]
JustelvardJusdelva sits on the remaining land area of the Strathepolic archipelago and it is believed that over 90% of Auroran's ancestry originate here. A large land bridge extending from west-JustelvardJusdelva to Bai Lung and then to the Staynish-CaltharusianKaltariz border became the premier travelway of the two continents after the early submerging of a land bridge from Peregrinia through the Morstaybishlian West PacificCerenerian Territories and the Oan Isles connecting to the easternmost Auroran coastline. The Strathepolic people mainly lived in and around the northern Strathepolic ridge but migrated southwards during its erosion to strong PacificCerenerian currents. A study found that Jussie genes are closely comparable of those genes thought to be pure-Morstaybishlian.
 
Since the mid to late 19th century and the early 20th century substantial immigration from the Gordic Council and the Kuthern Commonwealth, the Caliphate, and Overseas Territories has been a legacy of ties forged by the Morstaybishlian Empire. Migration from UNAC (formerly ACA) member states in Western and Eastern Aurora since 2017 has resulted in growth in these population groups, although some of this migration has been temporary. Since the 2000s, there has been substantial diversification of the immigrant population, with migrants to the MBE coming from a much wider range of countries than previous waves, which tended to involve larger numbers of migrants coming from a relatively small number of countries.
 
Ethnic diversity varies significantly across Great Morstaybishlia. Just over 26% (11 million) of Sani Bursil's population and 25% of Aternum's was estimated to be non-white in 2017, whereas less than 5% of the populations of western-CaltharusKaltariezh, north Valeria and central Staynes were from ethnic minorities, according to the 2017 census. In 2016, 28.8% of primary and 26.4% of secondary pupils at state schools in Staynes were members of an ethnic minority. The 1997 census was the first MBE census to have a question on ethnic group. In the 1997 MBE census 92.8% of people reported themselves as being White Morstaybishlian or White Other with 7.2% of people reporting themselves as coming from other minority groups.
 
During the early 20th century at the outbreak of the [[Great War]], Packilvanian migrants came in waves amounting up to nearly five million. After the war, Ethalrian and Salovian migrants numbered nearly 920,000. Staynes has had small Ulvriktru community for many centuries, subject to occasional expulsions, but Staynish Ulvriktru's numbered fewer than 16,000 at the end of the 1910s. During the early-mid 20th century, due to the uncertain political situation and strong support for independence in Axdel, then a Dominion of the Empire, nearly two million people migrated to the fatherland, most being humans. After the Auroran-Imperial War, there was significant immigration from the colonies and newly independent former colonies, many from [[Lokania]] and independent Valeria, partly as a legacy of empire and partly driven by labour shortages.
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===Major cities===
 
Great Morstaybishlia is a highly urbanised country, with its top ten largest cities (in terms of metropolitan area population in 2021) being Bursil (17,450,424), AeternumRouanezkador (12,771,347), Celidizia (9,615,493), Kirdintayos (8,968,446), Lambertupol (6,712,896), Verhana (6,530,211), Gersega (5,632,889), Valeron (5,121,347), Redrugus (4,618,192) and Fort Jubrayn (4,568,118). Rural flight was a perennial political issue throughout most of the 20th century.
 
{{Largest cities
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|img_1 = Sani Bursil lower resolution.jpg
 
| city_2 = AeternumRouanezkador
| div_2 = Dovia
| pop_2 = 12,771,347
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[[File:Staynish Alphabet.jpg|right|thumb|220px|The Staynish alphabet.]]
Great Morstaybishlia's de facto official language is Staynish and CalthKalt. As a first language, it is estimated that 90.7 percent of the MBE's population speak Staynish, whilst 3.5 percent speak Ethalrian, 3 percent speak CalthKalt, 0.7 percent speaks Horkalic, 0.7 percent speaks Salovian, 0.3 percent speak Axdelian and 1.1 percent speak other languages as a first language.
4 percent of the population are estimated to speak languages brought to the MBE as a result of relatively recent immigration. Cerenerian and Yasterian languages, including [[Packilvania|Packilvanian]], Wachovian, Codexian andamong Asendavianothers, are the largest grouping and are spoken by 2.5 percent of the MBE population. According to the 2017 census, [[wikipedia:Ethalrian language|Ethalrian]] is the largest non-Morstaybishlian-Auroran language spoken in Morstaybishlia and has 14.3 million speakers.
 
There are two recognized regional languages spoken across Great Morstaybishlia: HorkalicRombewek and JustelvardicJusdelviz. They are recognized as regional or minority languages, by the United Nations of the Auroran Continent, under the Auroran Charter for Regional or Minority Languages and the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. As it is a UNAC member state, this therefore obliges the Great Morstaybishlian government to provide them specific measures of protection and promotion.
 
In the 2017 Census over a forth (25.6%) of the population of the Province of Horkalo said they could speak Horkalic, an increase from the 2007 Census (23%). In addition it is estimated that about 200,000 Horkalese speakers live elsewhere in Staynes. Over 492,000 people in JustelvardJusdelva (just 3% of the population) had varying Reoa language ability, including 66% of those living on the eastern islands. The number of schoolchildren being taught through minority languages are increasing.
 
It is compulsory for Staynish and CaltharusianKaltariz pupils to study the Staynish and CalthKalt languages up to the age of 16 in their respective countries, whilst only Staynish is taught in Valeria and JustelvardicJusdelvic is taught with Staynish in JustelvardJusdelva. During Sixth Form is it optional to learn a foreign language, Kostuvian and Axdelian are the two most commonly taught foreign languages in Staynes and CaltharusKaltariezh.
 
===Religion===
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[[Thaerism]] has dominated religious life in what is now Great Morstaybishlia for over 1200 years. Although a majority of citizens still identify with Thaerism in many surveys, regular temple attendance has fallen dramatically since the late 19th century, while immigration and demographic change have contributed to the growth of other faiths, most notably [[Paxism]]. This has led some commentators to variously describe Great Morstaybishlia as a multi-faith or secularised.
 
In the 2019 census 65.2 per cent of all respondents indicated that they were Thaerists, with the next largest faiths being Paxism (4 per cent), [[Akronism]] (3.2 per cent), Varism (0.6 per cent), Ulvriktru (0.3 per cent), Ademarism (0.2 per cent) and all other religions (0.3 per cent). 20.8 per cent of respondents stated that they had no religion, with a further 5.4 per cent not stating a religious preference. Vaerism holds a religious stronghold in the Nocturne province of CaltharusKaltariezh with over 87% of Morstaybishlians practicing Vaerism living there.
 
The state recognises religious organisations according to formal legal criteria that do not address religious doctrine. Conversely, religious organisations are expected to refrain from intervening in policy-making. Certain groups are considered cults and therefore do not have the same status as recognised religions in Great Morstaybishlia. Cults are considered a pejorative term in Great Morstaybishlia.
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A government commission's report in 2014 found that privately educated people comprise 8% of the general population of the MBE but much larger percentages of the top professions, the most extreme case quoted being 70% of senior judges.
 
In Staynes, CaltharusKaltariezh and Valeria, it is compulsory for all primary and secondary schools to have a uniform, whilst in JustelvardJusdelva most schools do not have a compulsory uniform policy in place. A school uniform typically consists of a blazer in the school colours or a white shirt or blouse; a tie, trousers or skirt in a black, grey, or blue and black shoes. It could also be a shirt, sweater, and tie or a polo shirt and a sweatshirt.
 
===Healthcare===
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Healthcare in Great Morstaybishlia is a devolved matter and each country has its own system of private and publicly funded health care, together with alternative, holistic and complementary treatments. Public healthcare is provided to all MBE permanent residents and is mostly free at the point of need, being paid for from general taxation. The UNAC, in 2019, ranked the provision of healthcare in Great Morstaybishlia as 3rd in Aurora and 12th in the world. Since 1975 expenditure on healthcare has been increased significantly to bring it closer to the highest world standards. The MBE spends around 7 per cent of its gross domestic product on healthcare, which is about one and a half percentage points lower than the average of the United Nations of the Auroran Continent.
 
Regulatory bodies are organised on a MBE-wide basis such as the General Medical Council, the Nursing and Midwifery Council and non-governmental-based, such as the Royal Colleges. However, political and operational responsibility for healthcare lies with four national executives; healthcare in Staynes and CaltharusKaltariezh is the responsibility of the Morstaybishlian Government; healthcare in Valeria is the responsibility of the South Staynish Assembly, and healthcare in JustelvardJusdelva is the responsibility of the JustelvardicJusdelvic Assembly.
 
==Culture==
 
The culture of Great Morstaybishlia has been influenced by many factors including: the nation's Auroran status; its history as a western liberal democracy and as a superpower; as well as being a political union of four countries with each preserving elements of distinctive traditions, customs and symbolism. As a result of the [[Morstaybishlian Empire]], Morstaybishlian influence can be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former and current colonies including [[Kuthernburg]], [[Louzaria]], [[NewNevez CalthKaltariezh]], [[Axdel]], [[Joralesia]], [[Atiland]], [[Lokania]], [[Vivancantadia]], [[Rodenia]] and parts of [[East Malaysia]] and [[Nation/The Oan Isles|The Oan Isles]]. The substantial cultural influence of Great Morstaybishlia has led it to be described as a "cultural superpower". A global opinion poll for the [[MBC]] saw Great Morstaybishlia ranked the third most positively viewed nation in the world (behind [[West Cerdani]] and [[East Malaysia]]) in 2014 and 2015.
 
===Freedoms and rights===
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The earliest Morstaybishlian literature dates from the early Middle Ages during the [[Staynes#Second Interregnum Period|Second Interregnum Period]], when what is now known as modern Staynes did not have a single, uniform language. There was several languages and dialects, and writers used their own spelling and grammar. During the Middle Staynish language period, most literature was written in the same language except for splinter dialects in what is now Horkalo and Valeria.
 
Much medieval Staynish poetry and literature were inspired by the legends of [[Pip the Gallant]] and his predecessors in the [[Staynnica|Kingdom of Staynnica]]. Other medieval poetry and literature hailing from CaltharusKaltariezh depicts the legendary Colonarius and other historical military figures.
 
After the printing press was introduced in CaltharusKaltariezh and later Staynes in 1475, [[wikipedia:Vernacular literature|vernacular literature]] flourished. During this period, theatrical playwrights portrayed romances, tragedies, comedies and histories became very common. Morstaybishlian literature and poetry flourished even more in the 18th and 19th centuries where things like arts, sciences, languages and philosophy were very popular as well as children's fairy tales becoming widespread. The age of reason bought with it a rational and scientific approach to religious, social, political and economic issues that promoted a secular view of the world and a general sense of progress and perfectibility. Led by the philosophers who were inspired by the discoveries of the previous century they sought to discover and to act upon universally valid principles governing humanity, nature, and society. They variously attacked spiritual and scientific authority, dogmatism, intolerance, censorship, and economic and social restraints. They considered the state the proper and rational instrument of progress. The extreme rationalism and skepticism of the age led naturally to deism and also played a part in bringing the later reaction of romanticism.
 
[[File:Riannius Belver.jpg|left|thumb|175px|Riannius Belver, the founding father of Morstaybishlian literature.]]
The Romantic period was one of major social change in Staynes (at the time included Valeria) and CaltharusKaltariezh, because of the depopulation of the countryside and the rapid development of overcrowded industrial cities, that took place in the period roughly between 1750 and 1850. The movement of so many people in Staynes and CaltharusKaltariezh was the result of two forces: the Agricultural Revolution, that involved the Enclosure of the land, drove workers off the land, and the Industrial Revolution which provided them employment. Romanticism may be seen in part as a reaction to the Industrial Revolution, though it was also a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment, as well a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature.
 
During the reigns of [[Florence II]], [[Frederick III]] and [[Rosamund II]] (1810-1897) the novel became the leading literary genre in Staynish. Women played an important part in this rising popularity both as authors and as readers. Satirical novels and plays were very common. Poetry of this era was heavily influenced by the romantics, but also went off in its own directions. Particularly notable was the development of [[wikipedia:Dramatic monologue|dramatic monologue]], a form used by many poets in this period. Drama changed in this period with a profusion on Bursil stage of [[wikipedia:Farce|farces]], [[wikipedia:Victorian burlesque|musical burlesques]], [[wikipedia:extravaganzas|extravaganzas]] and [[wikipedia:comic operas|comic operas]].
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===Architecture===
[[File:Batak Toba House.jpg|right|thumb|200px|A traditional Manou architecture building in Marlou, JustelvardJusdelva.]]
 
On continental Auroran, the architecture of Great Morstaybishlia has a long, rich and diverse history. Every major Auroran style from Maltervenic to Postmodern is represented, including renowned examples of Maltesque, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Classical, Modern and International Style architecture.
 
JustelvardJusdelva deviates the most from this theme; it has a wide array of modern colonial architecture and themes of pre-colonial vernacular architecture. The houses are at the centre of a web of customs, taboos, traditional laws, social relations, myths and religions that bind communities together. Pre colonial houses would have provided the main focus for the family and its community, and is the point of departure for many activities of its residents. Villagers build their own homes, or a community will pool their resources for a structure built under the direction of a master builder or carpenter.
 
[[File:Hamasin's wall near Montinay.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Hamasin's Wall, a historic border-wall with the Kormistazic Empire created in c.200 BCE by the First Maltervenian Empire, which stretches across the Molvian Corridor.]]
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Images of musical instruments begin to appear in Valerian artifacts in 3500 BC or earlier. Beginning around 3000 BC, Valerian (elven) culture began delineating two distinct classes of musical instruments due to division of labour and the evolving class system. Popular instruments, simple and playable by anyone, evolved differently from professional instruments whose development focused on effectiveness and skill. Only few examples from these time periods have been recovered. Even the process of assigning names to these instruments is challenging since there is no clear distinction among various instruments and the words used to describe them. Although Valerian artists mainly depicted ceremonial instruments, historians have distinguished that wind-based and string-based instruments were prominent in earlier Valerian society, creating [[Wikipedia:African harp|bow harps]], [[Wikipedia:Harps|harps]] and [[Wikipedia:Lyres|lyres]], as well as [[Wikipedia:Paleolithic flutes|bone flutes]].
 
During the period of time loosely referred to as the Middle Ages, Staynes and CaltharusKaltariezh developed their own traditions of integrating musical influence from other regions. The first record of this type of influence is in 401 CE, when Staynes (then the second Maltervenian Empire) established an orchestra in its royal court after a conquest in the Kingdom of Corstania. Influences from other Auroran cultures, as well as YasterianCerenerian, Arcturian, and other regions followed. In fact, early northern Auroran musical tradition attributes many musical instruments from this period to those regions. [[Wikipedia:Piano|Pianos]] became widely popular after its invention in Ethalria, along with more advanced trumpets, clarinets, flutes, drums, lutes, oboes and cymbals.
 
[[File:ISFJ - 1.JPG|left|thumb|200px|The [[Wikipedia:Slide trumpet|slide trumpet]] was invented in 18th century Staynes.]]
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During the Classical and Romantic periods of music, lasting from roughly 1750 to 1900, many musical instruments capable of producing new timbres and higher volume were developed and introduced into popular music. The design changes that broadened the quality of timbres allowed instruments to produce a wider variety of expression. Large orchestras rose in popularity and, in parallel, the composers determined to produce entire orchestral scores that made use of the expressive abilities of modern instruments. New instruments such as the [[Wikipedia:Clarinet|clarinet]], [[Wikipedia:Saxophone|saxophone]], and [[Wikipedia:Tuba|tuba]] became fixtures in orchestras.
[[File:Morst folk band.jpg|left|thumb|250px|CaltharusianKaltariz folk band.]]
 
The proliferation of [[Wikipedia:Electricity|electricity]] in the 20th century lead to the creation of an entirely new category of musical instruments: electronic instruments, or [[Wikipedia:Electrophones|electrophones]]. The latter half of the 20th century saw the evolution of [[Wikipedia:Synthesizer|synthesizers]] and adoption of [[Wikipedia:Sampler (musical instrument)|samplers]].
 
Each of the four countries of Great Morstaybishlia has its own diverse and distinctive [[Wikipedia:Folk music|folk music]] forms. Folk music has existed here since antiquity, and flourished until the era of industrialisation when it began to be replaced by new forms of popular music, including [[Wikipedia:Music hall|music hall]] and [[Wikipedia:Brass band|brass bands]]. Realisation of this led to academics and amateur scholars taking note of the musical traditions being lost, and over three waves, one in the late-19th century, one in the mid-20th century and one at the start of the 21st century; initiated various efforts to preserve the music of the people. The most notable effort involved was the collection of the texts of over three hundred [[Wikipedia:Ballads|ballads]] in the Staynish and CalthKalt traditions, by Alemin Thompson-Fisher (called the Thompson-Fisher Ballads), some of which predate the 15th century. Valerian folklore, which had been a lifeline to their pre-Morstaybishlian kingdom before the 13th century, was widely lost in the industrial revolution, though scholars and amateur scholars preserved many of the vanishing ballads and folk dance songs. Valerian folklore has a revivalist movement which began in the mid 20th century. Overall, folk music as an important sub-culture within Morstaybishlian society.
 
Forms of popular music, including folk music, [[Wikipedia:Jazz|jazz]], [[Wikipedia:Rapping|rapping]]/[[Wikipedia:Hip hop music|hip hop]], [[Wikipedia:Pop music|pop]] and [[Wikipedia:Rock music|rock music]], have particularly flourished in Great Morstaybishlia since the twentieth century. Morstaybishlia has had a large influence on popular music due to its size, and due to its linguistic and cultural links with many countries, particularly [[Peregrinia]] and [[Emberwood Coast]] and many of its former colonies, and its capacity for invention, innovation and fusion, which has led to the development of, or participation in, many of the major trends in popular music. In the early-20th century, influences from Peregrinia andthe [[Free PacificPax States]] became most dominant in popular music, with young performers producing their own versions of South East Yasterian[[Cereneria|Cerenerian]] music, including [[Wikipedia:Rock and roll|rock n' roll]] from the late 1950s and developing a parallel music scene. This is particularly true since the early 1960s when the Morstaybishlian Invasion, led by The Swallows, helped to secure Morst performers a major place in development of pop and rock music. Since then, rock music and popular music contributed to a Morst-SEY collaboration, with genres being exchanged and exported to one another, where they tended to be adapted and turned into new movements, only to be exported back again. Genres originating in or radically developed by Morstaybishlian musicians include [[Wikipedia:Blues rock|blues rock]], [[Wikipedia:Heavy metal music|heavy metal]], [[Wikipedia:Progressive rock|progressive rock]], [[Wikipedia:Ska|ska]], [[Wikipedia:Hard rock|hard rock]], [[Wikipedia:Punk rock|punk rock]], [[Wikipedia:Bhangra (music)|Bhangra]], Morst [[Wikipedia:Folk rock|folk rock]], [[Wikipedia:Folk punk|folk punk]], [[Wikipedia:Acid jazz|acid jazz]], [[Wikipedia:Trip hop|trip hop]], [[Wikipedia:Shoegaze|shoegaze]], [[Wikipedia:Drum and bass|drum and bass]], [[Wikipedia:Gothic rock|goth rock]], [[Wikipedia:Grime (music genre)|grime]], [[Wikipedia:Afroswing|gondoswing]], [[Wikipedia:List of industrial music genres|industrial]] and [[Wikipedia:Dubstep|dubstep]].
 
===Fashion and clothing===
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[[File:Ferdinand I, King of Romania, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen.jpg|right|thumb|125px|''Portrait of [[Thadeus I|Thadeus I]]'', by Sir Alvin Gaskin-Bishops, 1916.]]
[[File:Pinkie detailed.jpg|left|thumb|150px|Tommeigh Lawton, ''Divine Elf'', 1790.]]
Morstaybishlian art refers to all forms of visual art in or associated with the country, and encompasses Staynish art, CaltharusianKaltariz art, South Staynish art and JustelvardicJusdelvic art. During the 18th century Morstaybishlia began to reclaim the leading place it had played in Auroran art during the Middle Ages, being especially strong in portraiture and landscape art. Increasing Morstaybishlian prosperity led to a greatly increased production of both fine art and the decorative arts, the latter often being exported. The Romantic period resulted from very diverse talents. The 20th century saw a great diversity of art, and a far bigger quantity created than before.
 
The training of artists, which had long been neglected, began to improve in the 18th century through government and private initiatives, and greatly expanded in the 19th century. Public exhibitions and the later opening of museums brought art to a wider public, especially in Sani Bursil. In the 19th century publicly displayed religious art once again became popular after a virtual absence for over a hundred years.
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Some of the most popular savoury dishes that originated from Great Morstaybishlia include [[wikipedia:Sausage Toad|Sausage toad]] (''Frog in the Pit''), Roast Lamb with roast roots and coriander, [[wikipedia:Pasty|Pasty]], and pies of all sorts, including but not limited to [[wikipedia:Chicken and mushroom pie|Chicken and mushroom pie]], [[wikipedia:Steak and kidney pie|Steak and kidney pie]], [[wikipedia:Fish_pie#Royal fish pie|Fish pie]] and [[wikipedia:Shepherd's pie|Morst pie]].
 
In addition to its wine tradition, Great Morstaybishlia is also a major producer of beer and whiskey. The three main Morstaybishlian brewing regions are Oglota (55% of national production), Calthia and Surbila. Morstaybishlia produces whiskey via distilleries located on islands such as Frorkstolm[[Eskomia]], the [[Morstaybishlian West Pacific Territories|West PacificCerenerian Territories]] and the [[Seligeze Islands]].
 
Some popular sweet dishes that originated in Great Morstaybishlia include [[Hobstiberry|Hobstiberry pie]], [[wikipedia:Banoffee pie|Banoffee pie]], [[wikipedia:Trifle|Trifle]] and [[wikipedia:Derby pie|Chocolate and walnut pie]]. Hobstiberry pie was quick to spread around Urth due to the cultivation of hobstiberries across the Morstaybishlian Empire, and its simplicity to make.
 
===Media===
The [[MBC]], founded in 1917, is Great Morstaybishlia's publicly funded radio, television and Internet broadcasting corporation, and is the oldest and largest broadcaster in the world. It operates numerous television and radio stations in the MBE and abroad and its domestic services are funded by the television licence. Other major players in the MBE media include STV- a media conglomerate of national broadcasters and newspapers, and the CTV, who themselves dominate the media scene in CaltharusKaltariezh since the 1930s. Sani Bursil dominates the media sector in the MBE: national newspapers and television and radio are largely based there, although AeternumRouanezkador is also a significant national media centre. Kirdintayos and Valeron, and Port MakuhLoeizaporzh, are important centres of newspaper and broadcasting production in Valeria and JustelvardJusdelva respectively. The MBE publishing sector, including books, directories and databases, journals, magazines and business media, newspapers and news agencies, has a combined turnover of around £141 billion and employs around 1.1 million people.
 
===Philosophy===
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===Sport===
[[File:Staynish National Stadium.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Camp Venna, home of the Staynish national football team, has a 85,000 capacity and is the biggest stadium in the MBE.]]
[[wikipedia:Football|Association football]] is the most popular sport in Morstaybishlia, varieties of which have been played in Morstaybishlia as far back as Maltervenic times. It has dominated the sport scene since the late 19th century. The Staynish national football team, whose home venue is currently Camp Venna, played and beat CaltharusKaltariezh in the first ever international tournament in 1869. Through its constituent countries, Great Morstaybishlia has hosted the Men's World Cup four times; Staynes hosted it in 1952, 1968 and 1992 and CaltharusKaltariezh hosted it in 1960 and will also host the 2024 World Cup. Staynes has had the most success, winning the world cup three times in 1960, 1964 and 1992, a record that is tied with Asendavia, New Leganes and [[Masceola]]. [[File:Fitzroy Lanbard.jpg|left|thumb|230px|Fitzroy Lanbard is the head coach and manager of the Staynish national football team, since 2010.]] CaltharusKaltariezh has also won a world cup in 1968. Combined, the constituent countries of Great Morstaybishlia has placed either second or third nine times. Valeria has had limited success, placing third place twice in 1984 and 1996. Staynes, CaltharusKaltariezh, Valeria and JustelvardJusdelva usually compete as separate countries in international competitions.
 
At club level, CaltharusKaltariezh is recognised by the international football association as the birthplace of club football, due to Whitequeens F.C. being founded in 1852 and thus the world's oldest club. The Football Federation is the oldest governing body in the sport, where it drafted the first recognised football rules in the world in 1860. The FF Cup and The Football League were the first cup and league competitions respectively. In the modern day, the Morstaybishlian Premier League is the world's most-watched football league, most lucrative, and amongst the elite, attracting the highest average attendance of all professional sports leagues in the world.
 
[[File:Gt3 championship.jpg|right|thumb|200px|2019 GT3 Championships, which the MBE won.]]
As is the case throughout the MBE, football in Staynes and CaltharusKaltariezh are notable for the rivalries between clubs and the passion of the supporters, which includes a tradition of football chants. The most successful Morstaybishlian football team in the Auroran Cup is [[Celidizia F.C.]] who have won the competition a total of eight times. They are closely followed by Redrugus F.C., who together, alongside Soutbury F.C., Koyden F.C., Abingdon F.C. and Aurus F.C., make up the most decorated clubs across the MBE.
 
Great Morstaybishlia is one of the leading motor sports countries in the world. Constructors like [[Royal Redrugus]] and Kerpten are prominent manufacturers in motor sport. Morstaybishlia came first place in the 2019 GT3 Championships in [[Blueacia]] and will compete again in the 2021 GT3 Championships. The Morstaybishlian oil and gas company [[Embask]] was the lead sponsor for the GT3 Championships from the 2019 season.
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====Oglota Wine Festival====
[[File:Oglota wine festival.jpg|left|thumb|240px|Oglota Wine Festival.]]
The Oglota Wine Festival is a summer festival primarily in the Oglota Province of CaltharusKaltariezh, though it has since spread to many towns and communities in western and central CaltharusKaltariezh.
 
These such wine festivals across CaltharusianKaltariz communities takes place on 21 December, also [[Wikipedia:Summer solstice|Summer Celebration Day]] in Morstaybishlia. The day begins at various times in the mid to late morning, with a parade of people of all ages carrying jugs, bottles, leather wine bottles and other types of containers filled with red wine. Led by the community leader such as a mayor on horseback, the parade usually goes through the market streets of these communities, symbolising riches and good health. A mass is then celebrated at the town centre or community park, or equivalent.
 
After the mass, the Battle of Wine commences. The participants toss wine on each other until everyone is completely soaked. This is greatly enjoyed by the locals and is tourist friendly. It has been televised on MBC Two since 2009.
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====Tea Drinking Championships====
 
On 28 April every year, many towns across CaltharusKaltariezh and Staynes observe a Tea Drinking Championship. An opponent is chosen to out drink the champion of the previous year in each town, from a large jug or from multiple tea cups. If they win, they become the champion. There are many under-card one versus one face offs that take place on a more casual setting at the same event to promote the tradition, whose origins are lost in history. The event doesn't usually last longer than half an hour.
 
===Symbolism===
The flag of Great Morstaybishlia is the Empire Flag. It was created in 1517 by culminating the design features from both the Flag of Staynes and the Flag of CaltharusKaltariezh. Being former colonies, Valeria and JustelvardJusdelva have no unique flag designs and have any option of redesigning the flag to represent the two other nations has been ruled out.
 
The Golden Rose of Staynes originated as the prominent symbolism of the kings and queens of [[Staynnica]], which later became a symbol for national sovereignty and pride of the Staynish peoples. It's present across flags of the realm as well as in company logos and sport clubs and other advertising and logo styles.
 
The [[wikipedia:Lion_(heraldry)|heraldic lion]] is quite common around the world, and several countries incorporate it into their national coats of arms. In CalthianKaltian heraldry, the lion is first found in the coat of arms of the Kingdom of Caltharus inKaltariezh the later part of the 11th century.
 
===Public holidays and festivals===
Public holidays celebrated in Great Morstaybishlia include a mix of religious (Thaerism), national and regional observances. Each country is allowed to declare a maximum of 13 public holidays per year; up to 11 of these are chosen by the national government and at least two are chosen locally. Morstaybishlia's national day (Unity Day) is 11 January, the anniversary of the Union of the Thrones between Staynes and CaltharusKaltariezh and celebrate [[Lambertus III|Lambertus the Great]]'s feast.
 
There are many festivals and festivities in Morstaybishlia. Some of them are known worldwide, and every year millions of people from all over the world go to Morstaybishlia to experience one of these festivals. The most well known is Week of the Empire, celebrating the achievements of the Morstaybishlian Empire over a period of a week (seven days) between 9 and 15 November.
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| Unity Day
| 11 January
| This national holiday was established to celebrate the Union of Staynes and CaltharusKaltariezh and to hold a great feast
|-
| [[Wikipedia:International Women's Day|International Women's Day]]
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| Peace Day
| 24 October
| Statutory bank holiday from 2018, celebrates peace in Aurora which is marked by the end of the [[Auroran-PacificCerenerian War]]
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Summer solstice|Summer Celebration Day]]