Packilvania: Difference between revisions
→Judicial system and human rights
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
||
Line 339:
===Judicial system and human rights===
{{Main|Pax Drone|Packilvanian State Security Agency}}
The judicial system consists of religious, military, civil and criminal courts. The highest court in the entire country is the Supreme Court of Packilvania. It is the final court to which cases can be appealed. It does not have the power to overturn laws that are unconstitutional. The Sultan has the power to appoint justices and the chief justices. While the Judicial Selection Advisory Panel exists to recommend candidates for appointment to judicial posts, the Sultan is not obliged to follow or even consider its recommendations. Thus, he wields the power to control the judicial branch. With the judicial branch in Packilvania being so closely entwined with the executive branch, it cannot exercise its powers independently. Furthermore, it is heavily underfunded and many inefficiencies persist making quick and fair access to justice for all virtually nonexistent for most people.
This challenge permeates the entire judiciary as other courts face similar problems. The High Courts serve different regions of the country and they mainly hear severe cases and receive appeals from lower courts. However, the judges in these courts are appointed by the Emirs who are in turn appointed by the Sultan. At the level of the High Courts are the Religious Courts which hear matters arising from or directly related to religious matters. Whereas ordinary courts are staffed by professionally trained judges, the Religious Courts are staffed by religious scholars and clergymen. Often the boundaries of religious and secular law are very blurred, thus the Supreme Court must rule on disputes in jurisdiction between secular and religious courts. Whereas, cases from the High Courts must be appealed to the Supreme Court, cases in Religious Courts must first be appealed to the Appellate Division of that Religious Court before they can be appealed to the Supreme Court. At the lowest level of the judiciary are the Civil and Criminal Cases which hear Civil and Criminal Cases not reserved for the Religious Courts. However, where jurisdictions overlap with the Religious Courts, litigants can have the case completely retried afresh in the Religious Courts.
Packilvanian law is highly restrictive. There are two branches of law: religious and secular. Secular is imported largely from Great Morstaybishlia and covers elements concerned with contracts, property rights, employment relationships, companies and administrative law, whereas religious courts cover family and marriage law, succession and related topics. Criminal courts cover financial crimes, cybersecurity, property violation, traffic fines, licenses and related topics, whereas religious courts cover sexual crimes, assault, murder, crimes related children, apostasy and proselytism among others. In Packilvania, the law heavily restricts what newspapers and books can publish, internet access and other areas of people's lives. Furthermore, it fails to protect the environment, religious and cultural minorities and women. It completely criminalises same-sex relationships, transsexuality and other gender-related expressions and identities. The Packilvanian law enforcement authorities often carry out extrajudicial killings, torture and imprisonment without trial, and are able to carry out these actions with impunity. Packilvanian law enforces capital punishments for many offences such as murder, sexual assault, homosexuality, treason etc. Corporal punishment and forced labour are commonly-used sentences and prison labour continues to provide the state coffers with considerable income.
===Foreign Relations===
| |||