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|native_name=''Kaltaria'' <small>([[W:English language|Staynish]])</small>}}
'''Kaltariezh''', known predominantly by the its historical [[Wikipedia:Anglicisation|staynified]] name '''Kaltaria''' is a constituent country of the Imperial Kingdom of [[Great Morstaybishlia]]. Located in [[Aurora|Northern Aurora]], it
Boasting a rich history of culture, the
Kaltariezh would enter a period of civil war in 1497 between two members of the Cadoret dynasty vying for control of the throne. Both Kirus and Azenor controlled vast armies and had a relatively equal claim to the throne. In 1501, Azenor married [[Lambertus III|Lambertus III of Staynes]], and combining their forced won the
Following the [[Posolic Wars]] of the 19th century, Kaltariezh was forced to cede territory to the [[Ethalria (Grand Matriarchy)|Ethalrian Empire]] and [[Biramura]]. Slavery declined after the [[Second Morsto-Oan War]] in the mid-19th century and abolished altogether throughout the [[Morstaybishlian Empire]] including in Kaltariezh following the signing of the Great Charter of the Liberties in 1917. Kaltariezh regained the territories which had been ceded to Ethalria following the [[Auroran Imperial War]]. The country was heavily invaded and suffered severe bombardment during the [[Auroran-Cerenerian War]]. Kaltariezh is scheduled to relinquish the Marislian region no later than 2025 following the 2022 [[Marislia]] independence referendum. Today, Kaltariezh is governed directly by [[Succession to the Morstaybishlian Throne|His Majesty’s]] Government (via a Minister in the [[Cabinet of Great Morstaybishlia]]) with the [[Parliament of Great Morstaybishlia]] wielding legislative authority over the nation. Nevertheless, it maintains a distinct legal system and its provinces have limited decision-making power over local affairs.
Kaltariezh is an upper income post-industrial consumption-led developed economy (according to the [[Auroran Monetary Fund]]) that has a GDP of rough 3.2 trillion KRB and a GDP per capita of approximately 31,000 KRB. It is a major manufacturing and financial services hub, being the home of major corporations such as [[Ferrus Industries]]. With its generally mild climate and minerally well-endowed geography, the country is highly biologically diverse and its varying landscape provide for the cultivation of wine-grade grapes. The country performs well in metrics of liveability and governance, but it does have a fairly high incarcerated population and above average levels of crime.
== Etymology ==
It is believed the name ''Kaltar'' derives from the name ''Culotoutar'' given by the [[Bishlan|Aberbish]] civilisation who spoke [[Usprian languages|
Proto-Usprian]] over three thousand years ago. ''Culo'' has toponymic meaning, which is "a nook", "a retreat" or "an out of the way place", most likely referring to the civilisation spawning on the west coast of the [[Dovian Cape]]. The sound followed similar linguistic changes pertaining to its meaning, evolving into ''kul'' by the first millennium BCE, and then mutating into ''kal'' by the 8th century. This deviates from the actual spelling of the word which in modern Kaltareg is ''[[Wikipedia:cil#Welsh|kil]]''.
The next part, ''[[Wikipedia:Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/toutā|touta]]'', means "people", with the second ''t'' becoming weaker over time, often being replaced by a softer ''d''. The second consonant mostly vanished by the first millenium BCE, at which point it was recorded under several spelling variants, most notably ''Kultouar'', and rarely ''Kultudar''. The suffix is believed to be the definitive article ''[[Wikipedia:Breton grammar#Articles-ar|-ar]]'', which means "the", though it is unexplained why this appears as a suffix as it usually precedes a word, phrase or toponymic cognate. If this is the case, the full name translates to "the people of the nook".
The name was codified in the 9th century, formally becoming ''Kaltar''. All other spellings phased out shortly after. The suffix ''-iezh'' came by the 11th century, coming from the earlier ''[[Wikipedia:-edh#Cornish|-edh]]'' and denotes a sense of nationhood. In a sense, it is very similar to the [[Wikipedia:English language|Staynish]] suffix ''[[Wikipedia:-ia#Suffix 2|-ia]]'', from which the staynified name ''Kaltaria'' derives.
== History ==
=== Marislian Secession ===
In 2019, the Kaltariz region around Kastell Nozvezh experienced 2 major natural disasters: a heatwave which caused immense wildfires as well as an earthquake that resulted in dozens of deaths. Months later, the government of [[Walter Johannes]] announced that as apart of financial reshuffle, the government would significantly reduce the budget for the region. This gave rise to the defeat of his party the [[Principles of Democracy Party|Principles]] during the [[2019 Great Morstaybishlia General Election|2019 general election]], which saw the ascension of the [[Progress Party (MBE)|Progress Party]] and [[Franklin Barvata]] to power. Professor of Political Science at the University of
Her words were seemingly prophetic as terrorist attacks described by commentators at the largest attacks that Great Morstaybishlia had hirtheto experienced in over 100 years were perpetrated on 25 July 2020. Unidentified terrorists attacked two sites, one in Delgedatter in Barbarus Province and another in Khauser, that caused the deaths of 136 people and destroyed millions of Kiribs worth of infrastructure. The government placed the provinces of Laulia, Aurus, Barbarus, Nocturne and Jomsgord on lock down and stationed military and police personnel on the streets.
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The provinces which compose Kaltariezh have councils whose members represented constituencies and are elected by ranked-choice run-off voting. The Provincial Councils have the power to make decisions over local matters such as schools, hospitals and clinics, abattoirs, liquor licenses etc. Each province has a Chairperson elected by its members and they tend to make decisions by majority vote and its members serve full-time.
In contrast, the municipalities have a Mayor elected directly by the population who appoints a council that runs the daily affairs of the municipalities where a Municipal Council comprised of part-time councillors of whom some represent Wards and others are appointed by parties via proportional seats. Municipalities provide public services and make decisions on matters such as traffic lights, garbage pick-up, storm drains, building permits and zoning etc. In some cities, the Mayor will appoint a professional civil servant known as the City Manager who handles the administrative and managerial decisions and running of the city while the Mayor and the Mayoral Council develop policy and supervise the running of the city. Some cities such as
The so-called Great Houses of Kaltariezh, are historic families which once ruled over small teritorries in Kaltariezh and comprise the nobility of Kaltariezh. Following its unification and subsequent domination by Great Morstaybishlia, the houses became aristocratic lords who controlled fiefs in the Kings name. Over time, their power and political significance has waned drastically yet they remain relevant because they send hereditary peers to the House of Peers and exercise considerable cultural, economic and philathropic influence.
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The legal system of Kaltariezh takes place in the framework of a civil and common law system. The criminal justice system is inquisitorial whereby His Majesty's Procuratorate is responsible for investigating cases and presenting evidence on behalf pf the courts. The criminal justice system follows a set of Criminal Law Codes that stipulate matters of criminal law and offer little room to Kaltariz justices to interpret or develop judicial precedent. In contrast, the civil law system follows a common law system whereby substantial case law is developed via judicial precedent. Furthermore, it follows an adversarial system whereby parties to a case present evidence and arguments to an impartial judge.
The highest court in Great Morstaybishlia is the Supreme Court of Great Morstaybishlia (which is ''de jure'' the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council) thus all cases arising from courts in Kaltariezh can be appealed to it. The highest court in Kaltariezh is the Conclave. The Conclave is appointed by the King on the advice of the [[Prime Ministers of Great Morstaybishlia|Prime Minister of Great Morstaybishlia]] following consultations with an independent professional judicial appointments advisory committee. The Conclave consists of 9 justice and is seated in
His Majesty's Kaltariz Police Service is the primary organ of law enforcement except in large cities such as
==Administrative divisions==
[[File:Provinces of Caltharus.PNG|thumb|Political map of the provinces comprising Kaltariezh]]Kaltariezh consists of provinces which are further subdivided into municipalities. Provinces and municipalities are responsible for administering public services and executing laws as mandated by the central and state-level governments. Further local representation is provided by counties in rural municipalities and boroughs in city municipalities.
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| image1 = Panorama de Madrid desde el parque de San Isidro.JPG
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| image2 = Phb_dt_8107_CTA.jpg
| caption2 = The Terminal C Container Facility of the Port of
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===Infrastructure===
Kaltariezh has a highly developed infrastructure system. It has 24,700km of railway, which include over 2,567km of high-speed rail. The longest and most profitable line, the
Kaltariezh has a mix of energy source which includes 25% natural gas, 23% coal, 19% nuclear power, 17% hydroelectric power, and 16% other renewable energy sources which has enabled Kaltariezh to exceed its emissions targets despite being a producer of fossil fuels. The Kaltariezh grid is connected with the rest of the continent allowing for it to sell power to surrounding nations and rely on their power in emergencies. The largest airport in the country is the
===Science and technology===
Kaltariezh has been home to inventors and scientists for hundreds of years who have shaped the world. Kaltariz scientist Rima Elasar was heavily involved in the development of cable television. Christopher Rheun was heavily involved in the development of the telegram. Didier Wallace was also instrumental in the development of modern spectroscopy and his work contributed to the discovery of distant planets and stars. Bellice Sauldraham was instrumental in the development of treatments to combat diahrreal diseases while Emily Quillton was heavily instrumental in the discovery of polymerase chain reactions and her work revolutionised the understanding of organic chemistry.
The Royal Kaltariz Society for Mathematics and Natural Sciences awards the prestigious King [[Thadeus II]] Prize in Chemistry to leading voices in the sector. Kaltariezh is home to the Houghton Emerson National Laboratory in Newton-Herring which is one of the largest particle physics research centers in the world, rivalling the Soltan Nuclear Fusion Laboratory in [[Axdel]]. The Morganston Nuclear Research Laboratory in
==Demographics==
Kaltariezh has a population of 98,400,483 people and an average density of 156 people per square kilometer (403 people per square mile). The country has an equal distribution of males to females. 27% of the population live in rural areas while 73% live in urban areas, the largest of which include
===Language===
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=== Education===
Education in Kaltariezh is administered by the Department of Education of His Majesty's Government with provinces and large cities having oversight of schools and cities and towns administering early childhood development facilities. Kaltariezh has an adult literacy rate of 100% and its students repeatedly score well in the annual School-Leaving and University Entrance Examinations. Kaltariezh has over 3,267 universities, polytechnics and colleges which provide tertiary education to over 2,482,000 students annually. Over 38% of Kaltariz have a university degree. The most prestigious university is the University of
==Culture==
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===Fashion===
Kaltariezh is a major centre for modern fashion and high dress-making for Great Morstaybishlia. It has a professional high dress-making organisation known as the Royal Academy of Haute-Couture. Every autumn, the prestigious
===Sports===
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| caption2 = Kimandar Castle, built in the Romantic style, is a also an [[ICHO]] International Heritage Site
}}
Kaltariezh features an architectural history that spans over 2000 years. The tallest modern structure in Kaltariezh is the KTN (Kaltariezh Telecommunications Network) Tower in
Kaltariezh has over 1,570 castle, 27,991 temples and 256 palaces. The largest palace in the country is the Formira Summer Palace built by Queen [[Florence II]] in 1843 as a summer residence for the Royal Family in the Baroque style. The Fort Rock Citadel is a defensive fortification and former military base built by King [[Gustav II]] in 1730 that was emblematic of the Stoicist style of that era and is by far the largest such castle in the country. The Eskrador Cathedral was built in 1478 by King Lambertus III and serves as the largest and tallest Kaltariz cathedral with a bell tower that has a height of 67m and it was built in the Late Gothic style. Kaltariezh has 8 sites that are recognised by ICHO as International Heritage Sites which include the aforementioned three as well as Gorfolk Plinth (paleolithic rock structures), Kimandar Castle built in the Romantic style and being the inspiration for fairytale castles and the Doornstein Palace built by king Redmund III in 1238.
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|Julius Day
| 15 May
|Celebrates the birth of
|-
|Crown Day
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