Administrative divisions of Packilvania: Difference between revisions
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== Provinces ==
{{Main|Provinces of Packilvania}}
=== Government ===
Each province has a ''Suvraaniyat aluDominimne'' (Provincial Government). The ''luKhanongur'' designates the boundaries of the provinces, but provides that the ''Mijhalisgur'' (Parliament) and the ''Shultan'' (Sultan) shall pass statute which determine their powers and the structure of their governments. The ''Khanon aluSuvraaniyat aleDominmne'' (the Provincial Rights and Powers Act) is the primary source of legislation on the functions, powers and structure of the provincial governments. Each ''Suvraaniyat aluDominimne'' consists of three branches: executive, judicial and legislative.
The executive branch consists of the ''muMeer'' (Governor) and the ''Mijhalis aleVazeer aluDominimne'' (Provincial Council of Ministers also known as the ''Mijhalis'' for brevity). The ''Meer'' is appointed by the ''Shultan'' at ''Rahim amuMakhnifiya muShahitishme'' (His Imperial Majesty's Pleasure). This means that the ''Shultan'' may appoint and dismiss the ''Meer'' as he pleases. The ''Meer'' has the power to appoint and dismiss members of the ''Mijhalis'' as he pleases. He represents the province to the ''Suvraaniyat luShultaniyat'' (Imperial Government) and the ''Shultan''.
The ''Mijhalis'' is responsible for implementing and proposing legislation. It consists of the ''Rayeesgur aluDominimne'' (Provincial Prime Minister more commonly known as the Premier in Staynish and as the ''Rayeesgur'' in Packilvanian) and the ''Vazeer aluDominimne'' (Provincial Ministers also known simply as ''Vazeer''). The ''Rayeesgur'' chairs and convenes meetings of the ''Mijhalis'', presents reports of its work to the ''Khanoniyat'' and the ''Meer'', and oversees and supervises the work of the ''Mijhalis''. The ''Vazeer'' each have a department and are responsible for administering different areas of the ''Mijhalis's'' work.
The ''Khanoniyat aluDominimne'' (the Provincial Legislature also known simply as the ''Khanoniyat'') consists of two chambers: the ''Khama aluShurah aluDominimne'' (Provincial Consultative Assembly, the lower house) and the ''Khama aluKhanonifya aluDominimne'' (Provincial Legislative Assembly). The ''Khama aluShurah'' consists of people selected by lottery who serve part-time and are drawn from various constituencies: urban homeowners and rent-payers associations, rural and farmer's associations, chambers of business, the corresponding Province of the [[Magisterium of Paxism]], and universities. They are convened once a year to approve the annual provincial budget, hear the State of the Province Address from the ''Rayeesgur'', debate provincial issues and pass non-binding resolutions on any issue. Outside of their yearly session, members of the ''Khama aluShurah'' can hold public hearings on provincial issues, and receive memoranda and petitions from the public which they can escalate to the ''Khama aluKhanonifiya''. They serve for 1-year terms.
The ''Khama aluKhanonifiya'' has the power to pass a motion-of-no-confidence in the ''Meer'' and the ''Mijhalis's'', forcing them to resign. It has the power to pass legislation within the remit of the authority of the provinces by majority vote of a quorate sitting. Its members have the power to propose legislation, upon being seconded by another member. It can set up inquiries into the work of the executive branch, summon members of the executive branch for Legislative Questions, and demand a report on the government's work from the executive branch. It consists of full-time delegates which are appointed by the local governments (practically elected by the Local Assembly) in proportion to their population. They serve for 3-year terms.
Unless representing one of the minority [[Religion in Packilvania|religions of Packilvania]], members of the ''Khanoniyat'' are required to be adherents of [[Paxism]]. Additionally, they must be registered residents of the Province in which they live, they must not be serving or be on parole for a criminal sentence, have been convicted of a crime in the past 8 years or have been convicted of a high crime. The ''Rayees aluKursun'' (presiding officer of each House) keeps a register of the members as provided by the Imperial Department of Parliamentary Affairs which administers legislative matters throughout the empire.
The ''Khama luWaloof'' (High Court) comprises the highest court of appeal for matters arising from within the province. It consists of the ''Qadim meWaloof'' (Judges) and the ''Qadim muRayeesgur'' (Judge President) who are appointed by the ''Shultan'' on the advice of the ''Khomishayin aleTahad leQadimishme aluDominmne'' (Provincial Commission for Judicial Appointments).
Each ''Khomishayin'' consists of former judges, teachers of law at a university, and experienced legal professionals. They advertise vacant posts, receive and assess applicatio, hold interviews and make recommendations for judicial appointments to the Shultan who in turn selects the judges from the list of candidates. There are Regional, Local and District Magistrate Courts (collectively known as the ''Khama aleSharif aluQadam'') which are courts of first instance for general civil and criminal suits. They have decreasing levels of responsibility. They are staffed by full-time ''Sharif aluQadam'' (Magistrates) who are civil servants employed by the Imperial Department of Justice.
The ''Khomishayin aluIndibat luQadimishme aluDominimne'' (Provincial Commission for Judicial Discipline) is responsible for receiving complaints about and investigating judicial misconduct and making recommendations either to the ''Shultan'' or the Imperial Department of Justice for the dismissal of a Judge or Magistrate respectively.
Judges are required to have either practiced as a ''Wasiyu aluMinas luWaloof'' (Advocate of the High Court) for 7 years or as a ''Sharif aluQadam'' for 12 years and to generally not have any restrictions that would bar them from being a member of the ''Khama aluShurah''. ''Sharif aluQadam'' generally have to have served as a ''Wasiyu aluMinas'' (Advocate) or a ''Wasiyu aluTamrir'' (Attorney) .
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Province ''(Dominmne)''
!Governor ''(Meer)''
!Premier ''(
!Judge President ''(Qadim muRayeesgur)''
|-
|[[Rigaryat]]
|HIH Prince
|Dr. Iskan Mohal
|Marquis Vahoud Isohad of Ebron
|-
|[[Mekedesh]]
|HIH Prince
|Dr. Khadim Sharjal
|Marquis Rabaas Garon of Tashkar
Line 72 ⟶ 82:
|-
|[[Shakar]]
|HIH Prince
|Dr. Farjil Yewad
|Marquis Bedal Suyor of Mansouk
|-
|[[Ashura]]
|HIH Prince
|Dr. Nohan Jamlar
|Marquis Faijal Duwal of Sajahaad
|-
|[[Kharyat]]
|HIH Prince
|Dr. Thuhal Banham
|Prince Alawad a-Uhayed Bedon
|-
|[[Ukanar]]
|HIH Prince
|Dr. Emal Iqasar
|Prince Jabal a-Jibrael Bedon
|-
|[[Jumhurikesh]]
|HIH Prince
|Dr. Bismal Ithudin
|Prince Ruhaad a-Harim Bedon
Line 100 ⟶ 110:
|Dr. Ashmil Luchar
|Prince Gurion a-Jibrael Bedon
|-
|[[Bingol]]
| colspan="2" |HIH Prince Rameed a-Alawadun Bedon
|
|-
|[[Kemer]]
| colspan="2" |HIH Prince Wasim a-Luwadeen Bedon
|
|-
|Gezer
| colspan="2" |HIH Prince Darshan a-Lohadek Bedon
|
|-
|Subakil
| colspan="2" |HIH Prince Umkhan a-Kiran Bedon
|
|}
=== Powers ===
Provinces have the power to make laws regarding the following issues:
* Euthanasia
* Abortion
* Marriage including the administration and registration of marriage, rights concerning the transfer of property upon death of spouses, conditions and administration of divorce including custody of children and division of property.
* Rights concerning immovable property such as the alienation, transfer and habitation of immovable property, and the rights of renters.
* Postal services
* Healthcare including the regulation and appointment of doctors, nurses and other healthcare professionals, funding, construction and governance of public healthcare facilities such as hospitals and clinics, provision of medical coverage, and promoting access to healthcare for the impoverished as well as regulation of private healthcare facilities and privately-practicing healthcare professionals.
* Education such as the structure of curricula, testing and assessment, certificates of completion of an academic course, regulation and appointment of educational professionals, regulation of private educational facilities, governance, funding and construction of public educational facilities such as schools, universities, early childhood development and adult learning centres.
* Agriculture such as the use of fertiliser and pesticides, the use of wild meadows for the grazing of livestock, the use of water resources for irrigation, the boundaries and rights concerning farms, abattoirs, the regulation of animal husbandry, regulation of the use of genetically modified organisms.
* Environmental conservation such as the delineation of protected lands, regulation of hunting and clearing of forested land and wilderness for urban development and farming, and the protection of endangered and threatened species, regulation of acceptable run-off and emissions from industrial and agricultural facilities, regulation of the dumping of waste and processing of used water.
* Public safety including the governance, appointment, funding, discipline and powers of police and other law enforcement, restrictions on movement and access to areas and locations for the public good, control of the distribution, sale, transport, and rights of carrying firearms and other weapons.
* Intraprovincial travel and transport such as levying of tolls, construction, demolition and maintenance of public transport infrastructure, regulation of privately owned public transport services such as ride hailing and delivery applications.
* Energy including the construction, regulation and maintenance of transmission, generation and distribution of electricity, the regulation and oversight of the extraction, procurement, sale and transport of hydrocarbons, and the use of rivers, geothermal hotpots and other natural resources for power generation.
* Mining including the regulation of mineral extraction and granting licenses for mineral extraction and exploration.
* Labour including the regulation of the right to strike, conditions of employment, occupational health and safety, remuneration, pensions, and medical insurance.
* Food including the health and safety standards of food producing entities such as restaurants, grocers and others, and promoting access to food through food subsidies, food stamps and feeding schemes.
* Liquor including the production, and sale of liquor, the types of liquor and the minimum age of consumption and purchase, and acceptable levels of liquor consumption.
* Religious places including setting aside or land for the construction of religious sites, protection of religious sites from vandalism, regulation of internal pilgrimage to religious sites, registration of religious bodies, and financial support for religious bodies.
* Civil society including the registration of non-profit organisations, regulation of their governance, composition, functions and programs.
* Publishing, the media and entertainment including funding, governance and staff of publicly owned media, publishing of books, music, arts, the regulation of the performance and display of art and taxes on entertainment, regulation of gambling and casinos.
* Housing and urban development including the funding of public housing, and regulation of building safety standards.
* Social welfare including registration of births, disability and deaths, transfer payments to impoverished persons, funding and maintenance of facilities and programs aimed at alleviating public suffering such as orphanages and homeless shelters, protection of the rights of children including state custody of threatened children and provision of foster care.
==Local government==
{{Main|Cities of Packilvania}}
The ''Suvraaniyat aluShtar'' (Local Government) administers the affairs of the municipalities. The average local government oversees a population of 800,000 people and the average district has a population of 4,000 residents. There are over 1,500 local governments and over 300,000 districts which comprise them. The largest local governments which are not provincial-level autonomous cities are Halaler, Zukaril, [[Akas Akil]], Meker, Everyet, Yukader, Abdeker, and Sharkol and Derengol.
The ''Khanoniyat aluShtar'' (Local Legislature) consists of representatives elected by residents of the municipalities. Members are required to not have criminal convictions earlier than five years, criminal convictions for high crimes nor, nor active criminal sentences. Additionally, they are required to be at least 16 years old, and without any cognitive disabilities that would hinder them from participating in its processes. Furthermore, they must be residents of the municipality that they want to represent.
The ''Khanoniyat aluShtar'' has the power to pass by-laws within the remit of the power granted to it by provincial and national legislation. It has the power to pass motions of no-confidence in the executive branch to compel them to resign. It has the power to undertake commissions of inquiry, summon the executive branch for questions and reports. Furthermore, it has the power to hold public hearings and receive petitions and memoranda from the public regarding local issues. It can pass non-binding resolutions and recommendations on local issues. They serve terms of 3 years. Each member is elected by the residents of a district. Members can be compelled to resign by a motion of no-confidence or by a vote of recall by the District Committee of the District that they represent. They serve on a part-time basis and receive a monthly stipend from the local government.
The ''Mijhalis aluShtar'' (Local Council) consists of the ''Rayees aluKursun'' (the Chairperson also known as the Mayor) who is appointed by the ''Meer'' of the ''Dominmne'' in which the ''Shtar'' is located. The ''Mijhalis'' is responsible for implementing national, provincial and local legislation, providing public services and making recommendations for local by-laws. Each member has a portfolio and oversees their own area of expertise. The ''Rayees aluKursun'' convenes and presides over meetings, represents the ''Mijhalis'' and the ''Shtar''. All members of the ''Mijhalis'' serve part time except for the following.
The ''Rayees aluTamrir'' (Administrator) is responsible for the technical management and administration of the municipality. They are a civil servant appointed by the Imperial Department of Home Affairs, following consultations with the ''Mijhalis aluShtar''). They required to have a degree and years of experience in leadership positions within government or the business sector.
The ''Rayees aluDinarishme'' (Financial Manager) is responsible for managing the finances of the municipality and overseeing the management of financial resources. They are appointed by the Imperial Department of Finance. Just as the ''Rayees aluTamrir'', they are required to have a tertiary education and experience managing finances.
Local governments have the power to pass laws over
* Waste collection and rubbish dump sites
* Zoning and building permits
* District boundaries
* Water metres
* Storm water drainage
* Waste water removal
* Public taps and water provision services
* Traffic lights
* Speed regulation on local roads
* Construction of light rail, local roads, marinas on rivers, lakes and coastline
* Beaches and hiking trails
* Noise and light pollution
* Large public events such as festivals and sports games
* Public parks and recreational areas
* Purchase of electricity on behalf of their residents
* Purchase of water on behalf of their residents
* Property taxes
* Local busses and bus rapid transit infrastructure
* Public parking spaces and parking violation fines
* Public bicycle lanes and pedestrian infrastructure
* Firefighting
* Public beaches (where applicable)
In cases where the local government lacks the resources to provide certain public services, they can make agreements with the provincial and national governments to take on some of this responsibility and in turn forfeiting their decision-making power in the affected areas. This is especially prevalent in rural and low income communities where the local tax base is too small. Some municipalities are almost entirely managed by the provincial and national governments. Provincial governments can place dysfunctional municipalities under administration, meaning taking full control and responsibility to their management and dissolving local structures. Many municipalities are divided into districts. District Committees consist of registered residents or representatives thereof and they mainly act as a forum for discussing issues with each other other and with the Member of the ''Khanoniyat'' for their area.
An area can also have ''Kabal ameKratiya ameBayeet'' (Homeowners' Associations) which consist of all of the fee paying property owners in an area. These structures are heavily used in middle class and upper class areas because they must be consulted when new developments are being made in their areas and they can send representatives to the ''Mijhalis aluNasiha aluShtar'' (Local Advisory Council) which makes recommendations on urban development projects. Additionally, they tend to offer programs such as a neighbourhood watch consisting of residents, and support various local activities such as markets and local sports teams. They tend to exert influence on schools through '' Mijhalis leDonhal leMadras'' (School Governing Councils) which enable parents to make decisions over internal school affairs such as rules, discipline, initiatives, programs, and attire.
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