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==History==
There is evidence to suggest that Morstaybishlia has been settled by sentient, anatomically modern [[Cava|cava]] for nearly a million years, arriving from central Aurora where they evolved from a member of the [[Wikipedia:Dromaeosauridae|Dromaeosauridae]] clade of dinosaurs. These tribes were [[Wikipedia:Hunter-gatherer|hunter-gatherers]], in some cases exhibiting crude [[Wikipedia:Metalworking|metalworking]] as early as 40 Kya, such as gold artefacts found in the Avankad burial chamber and tin finds elsewhere. The metal would have been [[Wikipedia:Native metal|found in nature]] without the need for [[Wikipedia:Smelting|smelting]], and shaped into the desired form using hot and cold hammering without chemical alteration or [[Wikipedia:Alloy|alloying]]. There has been no evidence pointing to the use of melting, smelting and casting in this era of prehistoric Morstaybishlia.
[[File:Three_Sisters_companion_planting_technique.jpg|left|thumb|250px|The [[Wikipedia:Three Sisters (agriculture)|Three Sisters]] agricultural technique where maize, climbing beans, and winter squash are planted together.]]
Evidence for agriculture emerged in Aurora around 8000 BCE in what is now the eastern bank of [[Morsa Lake]], and spread through Northern Aurora to what is today the western coast of Staynes and the [[Aberbish]] in eastern Kaltariezh. [[Wikipedia:Vicia ervilia|Vicia ervilia]] was domesticated into ervil around 7000 BCE on the banks of the Aberbish, along with some [[Wikipedia:List of root vegetables|root vegetables]]. The [[Wikipedia:Bos primigenius|Auroran auroch]] were domesticated into [[Wikipedia:Cattle|cattle]] in the areas of modern Morstaybishlia around the same time. The [[Wikipedia:Three Sisters (agriculture)|Three Sisters]] cultivation of [[Wikipedia:Cucurbita|squash]], [[Wikipedia:Bean|beans]] and [[Wikipedia:Maize|maize]] were discovered in the Kuthern River Valley from 5000 BCE, replacing the older cultivation of several plants.
The start of of the early [[Wikipedia:Bronze Age|Auroran Bronze Age]], from c. 4000 BCE, saw the rise of ancient Toransla, the first agricultural-based civilisation in Morstaybishlia. By the turn of the 3rd millennium BCE other civilisations had spawned, such as Kutha and Morsa in west Staynes and west Kaltariezh respectively. These cava civilisations thrived for a thousand years, growing in size as evidenced by the rapid increase of [[Wikipedia:Methane emissions|methane emissions]] from cattle. They developed [[Wikipedia:Metallurgy|metallurgy]] techniques, developed their own scripts and kept historical records, including the mention of trade with other early settlements which archaeology have yet to find. The prevalence of [[Usprian languages|Proto-Usprian]] across northern Aurora, and matching jewellery styles discovered in the Morsa civilisation and in [[Dewnania#Pre-Great Vanishing civilisation|ancient Dewnan]] indicate that these civilisations traded with the wider ancient Usprian world. [[File:Eljuedh_bust.png|right|thumb|225px|Terracotta bust of King Eljuedh in the Synta Berlewan Cultural History Museum, taken from his burial chamber in Synt Jowan.]]
The [[Great Vanishing]] around the beginning of the 2nd millennium BCE led to a [[Wikipedia:Population bottleneck|population bottleneck]] and civilisational collapse across Aurora, including ancient Toransla, the Kutha and the Morsa civilisations. The cava populations did not recover to significant levels for hundreds of years in Morstaybishlia and the wider continent. The Proto-Usprian language diverged in the successive millennia because of geographic and economic isolation. Elves began migrating from eastern Aurora in the later half of the 2nd millennium, co-existing with cava.
The discovery of King Eljuedh’s burial chamber in Synt Jowan mapped out the previously scarcely-known [[Dewnania#Bishec civilisation|Bishec States]] to historians. It was the first post-Great Vanishing civilisation within Morstaybishlia, a dominion of elf and cava that straddled the northern coast of the Aberbish over twelve city states. The Bishec Tablet noted Eljuedh was elected in the 4th century BCE as their ‘king of kings’ and was a reclaimer of lost territory, suggesting the Bishec States had an understanding of civilisation before the Great Vanishing. The Bishec States played an important role in forming the foundations of what would become the Kaltariz and Terghyntow civilisations. [[Gadelthene]], formed in the 21st century BCE in ancient Ethalria, was the primary religion in the Bishec States and across much of northern Aurora. The king was buried with ornamental vases depicting Gadelthenian symbology. Scrolls uncovered in the Bockyas Caves near Draouenngwenstrobinellourkastel dated to the 2nd century CE detail Gadelthene mathematics, cartography and astrological understanding, referencing several Gadelthene sects, including one in the ‘’Kultouar’’ civilisation.
▲===Early Modern from Union of the Thrones===
[[File:Queen_Impelanza_III_bust.jpg|left|thumb|250px|A bust of Queen Impelanza III in the Fort Staynes History Museum. Impelanza III is the most important symbolic figure of [[Tunseism]], which was introduced to Aurora over two thousand years ago.]]
The [[Peragen#Impelanza|Impelanzan Empire]] explored and settled on the shores of northwest Staynes in the 1st century BCE to mine for metals, most notably tin, forming Estenes de la Aurora, (literally ‘’Tinlands of the Sunrise’’ in [[Impelanzan]]). They brought with them [[Tunseism]] and the first human settler population to western Aurora. At this time, isolated Malterva cultures speaking descendent languages of Proto-Usprian established their own civilisations: Dumnowes developed in northwest Staynes, Toransla developed in west Valeria and Rombarow developed in the Staynish interior. In 512, the VEI 8 [[Toré eruption]] destroyed Impelanza and plunged the world into global volcanic winter. Following a year of famine and hardship, the Staynish Revolution in 513 overthrew the Impelanzan colonial elite and installed Alzar I as the first King of the Staynish (a demonym in [[Wikipedia:Old English|Old Staynish]] derived from Estenes). The [[Thaerism|Thaerist]] sect of Tunseism worked with Alzar in supporting one another to power. Alzar converted to Thaerism, the religion of all successive Staynish and Morstaybishlian kings and queens to date. In the successive centuries, Staynes warred against surrounding kingdoms for land, including against the Kingdom of Toransla, which they nearly completely assimilated by the 9th century; and the Kingdom of Rombar, which they assimilated after the siege of Sannedh Bursil in the 10th century. The Toranslic language survived until the 15th century in isolated communities in the Zycannes.
The Bishec States expanded and contracted several times in the first millennia CE, eventually absorbing the Kultouar civilisation. A period of unification in the 11th century formed modern Kaltariezh. Even as far east as Ar Kabdubec, the cava and elvish populations were outcompeted by human descendents of Estenes. Humans came to dominate much of north Aurora, in part from having a high birth rate and also from [[Wikipedia:Feudalism|feudal practices]]. The ancient cavan Hendra family, the last non-human dynasty of Kaltariezh, died out in the mid 13th century. [[File:Lambertus and Azenor 1505.png|right|thumb|250px|Lambertus III and Azenor II in 1505. Painting by Fulup Sallow, c.1829.]]
The Staynish-Kaltariz War in the mid 14th century fixed the border of the two nations at the Caldu River, whereas before there were encampments by the Kaltariz on the Staynish side and vice versa. The Kaltariz began overseas trading expeditions in the 14th century, establishing trading towns Jusdelva and in southeastern Arcturia. By the 15th century it had formed the Kaltariz Empire, making a more permanent settlement in southern Jusdelva and annexing the Inizi Reterdelien, the Necraties and Eskomia. The Staynish followed this trend of maritime exploration and established their own settlements in eastern Arcturia in the mid 15th century, and defeated the Kaltariz encampments on both Necraties and Eskomia, claiming it as their own. The Staynish thus formed their own empire, that before the Union of the Thrones had actually established its first colonies: Rodenia and Lokania, though by comparison to today's borders, these colonies were about five times smaller. In 1482, Lambertus III of Staynes ended eighty years of the Dergart dynasty and claimed the throne. The death of the cava King Crago V marked the last time a non-human dynasty would rule over the Staynish. At 39 years old and having lost three wives to childbirth (and their children), King Lambertus III of Staynes married a contestant of the Kaltariz throne during its civil war in 1501; Azenor Cadoret. Joining forces against Azenor’s uncle Kirus Cadoret, Lambertus slew him in single combat at the Battle of Rouekador in 1505. The Staynish and Kaltariz thrones were politically unified in 1515, forming Morstaybishlia.
===Western Auroran Crusades===
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After successfully beating the [[Ethalria (Grand Matriarchy)|Ethalrian Empire]] over Gronmund Port, Morstaybishlian influence would begin to soar over the lands which made up
Upon the ascension of [[Florence I]], the oppressed peoples of [[South Peragen]] began to prefer the idea of Morstaybishlian intervention in the Concordian Ocean, which would upset the powerful influence the Commonwealth held on the nation. With more trading aligned to the Morstaybishlian Empire, South Peragen became a wealthier trade hub; and in 1629 the aristocracies of South Peragen started a revolt against the Commonwealth, which was supported by the Erranzan separatists and the Morstaybishlians. A three year war passed, after which South Peragen won and gained independence in 1632, and with Commonwealth forces retracted, the Empire sought to expand their influence into the prosperous South Concordian Ocean.
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===Keaneward and Visteue period (1663-1803)===
====Caven Wars====
[[File:Place de la Victoire, Paris 13 August 2016 001.jpg|right|thumb|250px|The Place of Victory; built to celebrate Morstaybishlian victory.]]
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===Late Modern (1803 - 21st century)===
====Slavery====
Morstaybishlia played a leading part in the Cerenerian and Concordian slave trade, mainly between 1673 and 1917 when Morstaybishlian or Morstaybishlian-colonial ships transported nearly 5 million slaves from Gondwana in a legal system of human [[Wikipedia:Chattel slavery|chattel enslavement]]. The slaves were taken to work on plantations in Morstaybishlian possessions, principally in [[Saint Matilda]], the [[Morstaybishlian Cerenerian Territories|Morstaybishlian Cerenerian]], [[Jusdelva]] and
Through reward programs, former slaves were encouraged back to their origin countries, though it largely fell through and former slaves instead settled in the colonies where they had been set to work in. Today, large portions of former slaves live in [[Lokania]], Jusdelva, throughout the Cerenerian and in Gondwana - which can be seen in the distribution of large minority ethnic groups in these colonies.
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[[File:George William Joy - The Bayswater Omnibus.jpg|right|thumb|275px|Kimbry Layton-Pickett's painting ''The River Carriage'', 1893, depicts middle-class social life in this Staynish late Golden Era scene.]]
There was peace and prosperity, as the national income per person grew by over half. Much of the prosperity was due to the increasing industrialization, especially in machinery and textiles, as well as to the worldwide network of engineering and trade which produced profits for Morstaybishlian merchants and experts from across the world. In the Morstaybishlian sphere
Despite these changes, Morstaybishlia lacked behind in its democratic index. It was still an absolute monarchy, and even though there was movements to change, an elected parliament would not happen until 1917. However, the Privy Council of Staynes and Privy Council of Kaltariezh which were appointed by the Crown and served at the Crown's pleasure became more autonomous, including consolidating the two devolved administrations of Staynes and Kaltariezh into one, based at Kalmington Palace, Sani Bursil, and helmed by a Chief Minister, equivalent of a [[Prime Ministers of Great Morstaybishlia|prime minister]] today. This became the House of Peers in 1831, and were the first example of a unified chamber of Peerage from across the homeland. They drafted legislation in the name of the King, or Queen, at their pleasure, and the monarch was perfectly in their right to stop legislation from passing. In fact, this was common practice. The monarch remained untouchable and unaccountable to the House of Peers, and had a large sway among leading figures to bend them into submission.
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In this period, fertility rates remained high, leading to a population boom. Gradually, fertility rates fell as people became more affluent and had better access to contraception. By 1897, the infant mortality rate in Staynes was 10 percent, down from about half in the 15th century. There was no catastrophic epidemic or famine in Morstaybishlia in the nineteenth century, marking the first century in which a major epidemic did not occur throughout the whole country. In the olden days, people typically had had as many children as they could afford in order to ensure at least a few of them would survive to adulthood and have children of their own due to high child mortality rates. Moreover, it was the poor who had had an incentive to curb their fertility whereas the rich had lacked such a need due to greater wealth and lower child mortality rates. This changed due to the Industrial Revolution. Standards of living improved and mortality rates fell. People no longer needed to have as many children as before to ensure the propagation of their genes. The link between poverty and child mortality weakened. In addition, societal attitude towards contraception warmed, leading to the negative correlation between intelligence and fertility.
====
[[File:The Morstaybishlian Empire around the advent of the Great War, circa 1900-1904 (compressed version 2).png|left|thumb|400px|The Morstaybishlian Empire between 1897 and 1904. It is considered to be at its zenith at this time.]]
The reign of [[Thadeus I]] marked the final years of the Morstaybishlian global trading empire before the [[Great War]]. Morstaybishlia went through a phase of being relatively unchallenged at sea, particularly domestically where it dominated Auroran, Arcturian and Cerenerian waters. Alongide its formal colonial empire, Morstaybishlia's dominance over world trade meant that it effectively controlled the economies of many countries, such as Peragen, [[Ewenshire]] and [[Zreiru'a]].
Morstaybishlian imperial strength was bolstered by the [[Wikipedia:Tepegraphy|telegraph]] in the mid 19th century, allowing greater control and defence of its empire. The Morstaybishlian Empire was linked together by a network of telegraph cables, called the Morst Code Network, which was inaugurated in October 1898.
Most trading expeditions to [[Concord]] and [[Yasteria|northwestern Yasteria]] bypassed the Tawusian Cape in favour of travelling through the quicker route in [[Arcturia|northern Arcturia]]. Trading vessels were left vulnerable to piracy at various chokepoints in the Ewenshire Strait and Optian Sea, and many returning galleons loaded with goods were raided by pirates operating off the coast. This was most prominent in the 17th through to the early 19th century because Morstaybishlia had no permanent settlements and had to sail Imperial Navy ships from [[Seligeze Islands|Queensport]] more than 1,800 miles away to defend them. Even with being allowed to dock in Ewenshire, the ports available were too small to allow anything more than one or two Imperial Navy ships in at a time. A formal arrangement was signed in 1856 where Morstaybishlia began leasing the relatively underdeveloped town of Farhide and its surrounding area, and immediately began constructing a permanent naval base to protect both country's trading interests. This was administered as a Morstaybishlian colony, and quickly turned into a vital naval hub for operating out of it dozens of warships at a time. With organised piracy adopting [[Wikipedia:Incendiary device|incendiary]] [[Wikipedia:Shell (projectile)|shells]] in the 1850s, Morstaybishlia trialled the world's first [[Wikipedia:Ironclad warship|ironclad warships]] in 1861 to combat piracy. This base was incorporated into the Morst Code Network in 1898, and coupled with Morstaybishlia's economic projection in the area has led several historians to quote Morstaybishlia's influence over Ewenshire as being apart of its [[Wikipedia:Informal empire|informal empire]].
[[File:Map of southwest Aurora in 1917 as the Korstazian War begins.png|right|thumb|300px|Political geography of the region at the signing of the Treaty of Bursil, 8 December 1917. Note that the borders of the withdrawing Ethalrian occupation, which covers most of modern [[Lyrevale|southern Lyrevale]] is not shown.]]
In [[Borea|western Borea]], Morstaybishlia assisted Elwin Arachne seize power of Zreiru'a in 1885, and by the turn of the century was being supplied most of its abundant natural resources in exchange for military aid to help assist Arachne in conquering the continent. Settlers flocked to [[Kurandia]] to capitalise on the resource boom, aiding the development of new urban spaces such as Corren Tree and Ander's Point.
====Aftermath of the Great War====▼
Despite the armistice, a formal state of war between the two sides persisted for another five months, until the signing of the Treaty of Ribenstadt on 8 December 1917. The treaty saw the official end of the war in Aurora. Whilst there was no official surrender, historians favour an Ethalrian and Salovian victory over Morstaybishlia in regards to the Auroran theatre of war because of the concessions that Morstaybishlia signed in the treaty. Ethalria receeded their forces north of the Bolvinian Plateau in exchange for annexing the historical provinces of Bro-Tewesac, Bro-Suode and Bro-Angwin in southern Kaltanezh.
The first Morstaybishlian election cycle and disagreements around the Axdelian peninsula delayed the signing of the treaty by three months. Ethalria demanded that it was their right to annex southern Axdel because they had de facto controlled swathes of it since 1911, and had even established the Republic of Korstazia as a puppet state ruled by the Axdelian-born General Sauwo Ñeya̋na. Orson Klarass refused this because an independent Axdel would likely align with Ethalria and make the already rescinding Morstaybishlian Empire far weaker on the continent. Later, Morstaybishlia would concede to a less severe offer. In exchange for returning Dragonia and the Indigo Isles to Ethalria, as well as granting the peninsula devolved autonomy, something that had never happened in Morstaybishlia; Ethalra agreed to withdraw their troops and support for the Republic of Korstazia. Without backing by Ethalria, Ñeya̋na’s government surrendered after a [[Korstazian War|four month continuation war]].
The [[Parliament of Great Morstaybishlia|Morstaybishlian parliament]] passed the Act of Federation in February 1919 which saw the creation of the [[Lythuscia|Federated Colonies of Lythuscia]]. This was the first time that Morstaybishlia had [[Wikipedia:Federalisation|federated]] its colonies, and granted any colony [[Wikipedia:Home rule|home rule]]. Legislative power was held in Albaburg, whilst [[Wikipedia:Command (military formation)|military command]], diplomacy and foreign policy remained in Sani Bursil.
====Abolition of slavery====
[[File:Oanese blackbirding circa 1918.jpg||right|thumb|250px|Blackbirding was illegal but was a popular alternative to the slave-trade in the Morstaybishlian colonies as late as the 1930s. <br>Pictured: Oan peoples
▲====Aftermath of the Great War====
As the world evolved in the 19th and 20th centuries, many democratic nations abolished slavery and pressured the Morstaybishlian and Packilvanian Empires to do so. Owing to its incredible size and power in the 19th century and its absolute monarchy which had large capital interests and investment in the slave trade, the Morstaybishlian Empire did not abolish slavery until in November 1917, two months after the end of the Great War and the dissolution of Morstopackia. The nation saw huge social, economic and political reforms in 1917 as it transitioned from an absolute monarchy to parliamentary republic under constitutional monarchy; and later 1910s and 1920s.
▲[[File:Oanese blackbirding circa 1918.jpg||right|thumb|250px|Blackbirding was illegal but was a popular alternative to the slave-trade in the Morstaybishlian colonies as late as the 1930s. <br>Pictured: Oan peoples, with an overseer (background), on a sugar plantation, in New Pondsfort, [[Morstaybishlian Cerenerian Territories|Morst Cereneria]], c. 1919.]]
Parliament passed the Slavery Abolition Act 1917 with
In the colonial and territorial administrations of Joralesia, Salisar, Morst Cereneria, Dalmaghar, Kurandia, and others recognised the Act and implemented it, but clandestine slave-trading and [[Wikipedia:Blackbirding|blackbirding]] still occurred as late as the mid 1930s. Though it was hit with the economic depression and major de-colonisation following the war, the Imperial Navy immediately established a presence off of the coasts of these territories where there were rumours, sightings, reports or evidence of ongoing slavery, as well as negotiating with countries neighbouring these colonies and territories for their rights to stop and search vessels believed to house slaves. The Imperial Navy dispatched three squadrons of four, five and eight [[Wikipedia:Town-class cruiser (1910)|light cruisers]] to the [[Cerenerian Ocean]], as well as the south and north [[Concordian Ocean]] respectively. With bases at Montecadre, what is now Penisine Garrisons in Balidar, and Bruzraka; the squadrons aided in the capture of over 2,100 slave ships, freeing over 205,000 people from slavery between 1917 and 1934. However, unfortunately this did not exactly reduce the number of deaths of slaves. Thousands lost their lives if the captain of a slave ship knew they were being approached by a squadron vessel. The captain would order for the slaves to be thrown overboard still shackled. Very few would make it to shore.
====Great Depression====
====From secession to union====
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[[File:The horror of war.png|right|thumb|300px|The Horror of War; Urth's Picture of the Year 1993. It depicts a Meremain woman after losing her home and family in a mortar strike.]]
Parliament immediately motioned a vote of no confidence against Delari’s administration, and no less than two weeks later Morstaybishlia had a hung parliament. The [[
Sinkasa immediately faced more riots in Sani Bursil and other major urban conurbations as he failed to find a de-escalation solution. Meremaa and Norgsveldet pushed a firm counter attack into Dalmaghar, with a continuous air strike campaign on military and civilian targets. Morstaybishlia was forced to deploy a second fleet to Dalmaghar stoked with fresh supplies and troops when Norgsveltian forces began accumulating in the Isles of Hel for a land invasion. This deterred Norgsveldet from commencing an attack.
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Despite sharing the same culture, language and history, west and east Staynes have rivalled each other since antiquity, with the kingdoms of Staynnica and Maltervenia opposing each other during the Era of Changes and their capitals, Redrugus and (now) Sani Bursil going on to compete in growth and economic output during the Industrial Revolution. These two cities were the first two cities to rapidly industrialise in the early-mid 19th century anywhere in the world. Today Redrugus still maintains its industrial identity whilst other cities naturally deindustrialised into primary tertiary economies, such as being the site of Aurora's largest steelwork companies and some of the world's largest manufacturing companies. Up the coast from Redrugus, Fort Staynes maintains the facilities as Staynes' fourth largest port by freight distribution; the city sees large volumes of maritime traffic from east Arcturia and [[Gondwana|Alaria]].
Morstaybishlia faced economic decline in the 1990s and 2000s. Years of privatisation in the 1990s resulted in the quality of goods and services decreasing whilst companies recorded record profits. Unions demanded better pay and working conditions whilst the government maintained its attention abroad in proxy wars with [[Axdel]] in [[Lyrevale]] and direct conflict in the [[Meremaa Civil War]]. When three [[
[[File:Franklin Barvata 2003.jpg|right|thumb|250px|[[Cabinet of Great Morstaybishlia|Home Secretary]] [[Franklin Barvata]] in 2003, later [[Prime Ministers of Great Morstaybishlia|Prime Minister]]. Whilst his senior position during the constitutional crisis was controversial, he was largely important in ending the State in 2005.]]
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After loyalists to the Ethalrian Monarchy illegitimately seized the government of the Republic of Ethalria in May 2017 to form the Greater Ethalrian Empire, the Morstaybishlian Government would call an emergency meeting between world leaders at [[Sani Bursil Royal Palace]] resulting in an allegiance of half a dozen countries to fight the new Auroran threat. Tensions rose across the world for a few weeks. The Royal Parade was not cancelled despite the best efforts of Prime Minister Walter Johannes, who deemed it 'unsafe in the current political climate'. During the parade around Sani Bursil, an assassination attempt on King Lambertus VII failed but resulted in the death of the heir apparent [[Prince Thadeus]]. It was soon thereafter discovered that the plot was orchestrated by operatives of the [[Ethalria (Matriarchy)|Matriarchy of Ethalria]] working for [[Amalda Harimann]] and Great Morstaybishlia declared war on the Matriarchy the same day.
With Stratarin's Premier [[Viktor Drugov]] losing his position of power to Mikhail Starikov, Great Morstaybishlia lost one of its great allies. Starikov made his intentions known and became allies with the Matriarchy of Ethalria, the Greater Ethalrian Empire and Kostromastan, forming the axis. Stratarin played a vital role in military armament and funding of the axis; in particular Kostromastan, who had used this aide to push an invasion deep into Nocturne. Kostromastan and Stratarin would aim to push deep into Barbarus and Laulia Provinces to ambush the vastly spread and deeply entrenched allied forces in their battle over north Ethalrian cities, and a planned Strataric naval invasion on the beaches of Aurus and Laulia Provinces was narrowly prevented when their naval routes were cut off by the [[The Oan Isles|Oan Isles]], which began the Cerenerian Theater of War. Great Morstaybishlia immediately amassed a force with [[
====Since the Auroran-Cerenerian War====
[[File:Embask oil rig in the Artic.jpg|left|thumb|300px|One of the twelve oil rigs owned by [[Embask]] and later purchased by the Kyrlot Government.]]
Walter Johannes lost the [[2019 Great Morstaybishlia General Election|2019 general election]] to [[
[[Kyrloth|Kyrloth's annexation of Izria]] saw the [[Embask]] oil rigs off the coast of the Undirnor and Slodhir Islands unlawfully and illegally signed away by King Tegura IV to [[Sinter Tass]] sparking controversy and outrage<ref>[[MBC]], 22nd October 2019. ''Kyrloth Illegally Seizes Embask Rotantic Oil Operations''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s60.html#p217619</ref>. Barvata failed to negotiate with Tass and the latter sent a blockade of corvettes to the oil rigs<ref>TARA PT4, 7th November 2019. ''MBE moves MBS Dovia and two frigates to the Lion of Taren Oil Rig''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mr-tass-s-holiday-t-a-r-a-parts-3-4-kyrloth-expans-t16094-s15.html#p218579</ref>. [[Norgsveldet|Norgsveltian]] Prime Minister Sverdrup hosted a meeting between Tass, Barvata and Kuthern leaders<ref>TARA PT4, 7th November 2019. ''Osfjord Summit''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mr-tass-s-holiday-t-a-r-a-parts-3-4-kyrloth-expans-t16094-s15.html#p218218</ref>. Meanwhile during this meeting one of the oil rigs was blown up on order of Artun Sotarikos and sunk the destroyer MBS ''Dovia''<ref>TARA PT4, 7th November 2019. ''Lion of Taren Oil Rig is detonated, sinks MBS Dovia''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mr-tass-s-holiday-t-a-r-a-parts-3-4-kyrloth-expans-t16094-s15.html#p220069</ref>. The incident was known as the [[The Lion of Taren Incident]], and in Norgsveldet the outcome of this meeting saw the Kyrlot Government pay a sum of 20 billion Kiribs (5% of their GDP) for the oil rigs and compensation to the workers and the dead workers' families. Barvata later sacked Secretary of State for Foreign and Oversea Territory Affairs Janietta Rubis from the cabinet for her poor handling of the situation, replacing her with [[Ron Wehrasbi]]<ref>[[MBC]], 25th January 2020. ''Janietta Rubis Sacked''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s60.html#p221623</ref>.
Walter Johannes successor Berowalt Ase accused his party of a 'witch hunt' after being forced to resign for alleged continuous racism, being succeeded by [[Benjamin Wardola]]<ref>[[MBC]], 12th February 2020. ''Benjamin Wardola Becomes Leader of the Opposition''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s75.html#p223508</ref>. This leadership change rippled in the [[
In May 2020, Great Morstaybishlia joined the The Anti-Alyunthian Coalition, and participated in open political isolation against [[Alyunthia]], but unlike the lead member [[Rodenia]] who had declared hostilities, Great Morstaybishlia decided to remain neutral.
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The [[August 2020 Kaltariezh police attack]] saw a drone bomb attack into a meeting of chief constables in Kola House, Nocturne provincial police headquarters, eastern Kaltariezh, Great Morstaybishlia; that happened at 14:05 and claimed the lives of six chief constables, one deputy chief constable and one site engineer. No one has claimed responsibility for the attack, although in a nation addressed Prime Minister Franklin Barvata insisted that the same group responsible for the July 2020 Kaltariezh attacks are to blame.
The prime minister denied a proposed independence referendum by MP [[Berinter Fokes]] for the city of Aegis in Valeria that was set out in a clause of the Aegis Area Agreement of 1975 and 1977. The Supreme Court of Great Morstaybishlia ruled his denial of the clause unlawful. The prime minister flew to Andel, the capital of Axdel and conferred with President Diego Corbinn where they ruled out the clause as void due to the clause not bring brought over from signatory state of Noroist Axdel to Axdel, due to the nature of the transition. After the prime ministers' address, many South Staynish
On 9 March 2021, four coordinated terrorist attacks and a fifth foiled attack occurred in [[Joralesia]] between 13:03 and 13:39. Including two perpetrators, 354 people died and 881 were injured, 109 of which critically<ref>[[MBC]], 9th March 2021. ''Joralesian Terror Attack Worse in its History''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s120.html#p243403</ref>. [[Vothetria|Vothetrian]] [[Prime Ministers of Vothetria|Prime Minister]] [[Clauzia Sarohart]] was a victim of the second bombing. The prime minister called a [[TRIDENT]] meeting and initiated Black Alert over all Joralesia, which was given Royal Assent at 04:00 on 10 March, three hours after the attack (as Sani Bursil is twelve time zones in front). The [[2021 Joralesian attacks]] were later discovered to be conducted by members of the Ravenspaw and Greypike cartels, two listed terrorist organisations. By evening on the same day of the attacks, [[2021 Joralesian riots|protests and later riots]] throughout Joralesian cities took place.
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In Parliament, the prime minister attempted to amend the Anti-Terrorism Act, passed controversially in 2020 to give amnesty to actions taken by Joralesian police, including unsanctioned arrests for anyone affiliated with the ongoing protests. This was met with heavy criticism across the House and the amendment historically failed, with three Cabinet members voting against the government. Barvata refrained from forcing their resignations against convention. Barvata called for and the House voted on an early general election, which failed. When the House voted on a second amendment to the Act, it failed by two votes, leading to Barvata circumnavigating the Fixed-terms Parliamentary Act of 1999 which requires a two-thirds supermajority in order for an election to take place by passing the Early Parliamentary General Election Act 2021, which only required fifty percent<ref>[[MBC]], 9th March 2021. ''Early Election Bill Passes Representatives''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s120.html#p243440</ref>. [[Lambertus VII|King Lambertus VII]] gave Royal Assent to the Early Parliamentary General Election Act 2021 on the afternoon of 10 March 2021 and parliament dissolved at 00:01 on 11 March 2021<ref>[[MBC]], 10th March 2021. ''King Lambertus VII Gives Election Act Royal Assent''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s120.html#p243473</ref>.
The [[2021 Great Morstaybishlia General Election|general election]] was the first in 23 years to result in a hung parliament<ref>[[MBC]], 1st April 2021. ''Barvata Retains Office, But Only Just''. https://forum.theeastpacific.com/mbc-t3205-s120.html#p244223</ref>. The abstentionist [[Marislian Independence Party]] had its greatest ever victory.
== Geography ==
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Great Morstaybishlia has an area of 5,940,250km² (or 2,293,542 square miles). The mainland part of Great Morstaybishlia is made up of Staynes, Kaltariezh and Valeria which are collectively referred to as Morstaybishlia. Jusdelva is an archipelago located in the Caven Sea that forms the metropolitan part of the Great Morstaybishlia along with Morstaybishlia. This article will refer to the metropolitan part of the MBE unless it specifically refers to one, some or all of its numerous overseas territories.
Great Morstaybishlia is the third biggest nation and largest transcontinental empire on Urth. At its height, it was the largest nation on the planet
[[File:Mount Kersivius.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Mount Kersivius is the tallest mountain in Aurora at 7,405 m.]]
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===Government===
[[File:Kalmington Palace 2021.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Kalmington Palace, seat of both houses of the Parliament of Great Morstaybishlia.]]
The Morstaybishlian parliamentary government is based on the [[Wikipedia:Westminster system|Kalmington system]] of some modern parliamentary constitutional monarchies, and that is emulated in some former colonies after 1917 and instated in
The position of [[wikipedia:Prime Minister|prime minister]] is the head of government of Great Morstaybishlia. The position belongs to the person most likely to command the confidence of the House of Representatives; this individual is typically the leader of the political party or coalition of parties that holds the largest number of seats in that chamber. By convention, the monarch respects the prime minister's decisions of government.
The cabinet is drawn from members of the prime minister's party or coalition and mostly from the House of Representatives but always from both legislative houses, the cabinet being responsible for both. The work is divided according to topics called portfolios occupied by Ministers of the Crown. Other executive officials may attend cabinet meetings but may not vote. Executive power is exercised by the prime minister and cabinet, all of who are sworn into the Privy Council of Great Morstaybishlia, and become Ministers of the Crown. The current Prime Minister is [[Franklin Barvata]] who has held office since 23 September 2021. Barvata is also the leader of the [[
The government is heavily centralised in [[Sani Bursil]] and handles matters such as defence, currency, trade, treaties, property rights, public health care, education, and land management. Territorial governments such as [[Louzaria]] and [[Joralesia]] are restricted to issues such as housing, water, power, sanitation and local roads. The national government has a large degree of control over their internal affairs.
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==== History of constituencies ====
[[File:
In 1917, Morstaybishlia converted from absolutism to parliamentary democracy and the first mention of constituencies were made. After the Great War, Morstaybishlia's territory looked very different; [[Axdel]], and [[Emberwood Coast]] were apart of the
=== Provinces ===
The history of local government in Great Morstaybishlia differs between Staynes, Kaltariezh, Valeria and Jusdelva, and the subnational divisions within these which have been called provinces have varied over time and by purpose. The province has formed the upper tier of local government over much of Great Morstaybishlia at one time or another, and has been used for a variety of other purposes, such as for Dukes, Lord Lieutenants, land registration and postal delivery.
Thirty four provinces of Staynes and thirty two provinces of Kaltairezh share the same borders as the pre-1917 dukedoms, and comprise of shires, realms and territories. The four coastal and two northernmost of the sixteen provinces of Valeria are the same, whilst the rest are modern realms. Judelva's provinces are all named after historic dukedoms, though they are all modern realms.
=== Law enforcement and crime ===
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Great Morstaybishlia has an established structure of foreign relations. The MBE has a seat on the [[International Forum|International Forum Security Council]]. The MBE is a permanent member of the [[UNAC|United Nations of the Auroran Continent]], where Sani Bursil holds secondary and tertiary functions for the Auroran Parliament, Auroran Commission and Council of the UNAC. Historically, the Bank of Staynes issued the legal tender of the UNAC's predecessor, the [[Auroran Continental Assembly]]. Almost all countries have embassies in Sani Bursil or Rouanezkador, and many have consulates around the country. Likewise, nearly all nations host Morstaybishlian diplomatic missions.
Great Morstaybishlia
Morstaybishlia exerts a large global presence and influence is further amplified through its trading relations, foreign investments, official development assistance and military engagements. Historically, [[Rodenia]] was the MBE's closest ally in [[Arcturia]], though this changed since [[Kirk Santon]] seized power.
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''Main article: [[Royal Armed Forces of the Empire]]''
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''The Royal Armed Forces of the Empire'' (''RAFOTE''), also known as ''His Majesty's Armed Forces'' (''HM's Armed Forces'')
The [[Imperial Navy]] controls three sub branches: the Imperial Marines (an amphibious infantry), the Imperial Coast Guard (a maritime law enforcement branch) and the Imperial Missile Force. The Army forms the land component. It controls another sub branch called the Gendarmerie, a paramilitary force, and the [[Redplate Guard]]. The Imperial Air Force forms the air branch and controls the air defence sub branch.
[[File:AH-1 Viper.jpg|left|thumb|
The military has a total active manpower of 2.74 million soliders and a reserve manpower of 1.81 million soldiers. The Army has 1.3 million active soldiers in total. The Air Force has 720K airmen and women in total. The Navy has 798K sailors in total. The total budget of the
The main standard issue infantry rifle is the
The navy has 254 commissioned ships, which include submarines and auxiliary ships. The composition of the 254 commissioned ships include 14 air craft carriers (with three under construction, in development or planned); the navy also has two amphibious assault docks, 15 ballistic missile submarines (which maintains the MBE's nuclear superiority), 44 nuclear fleet submarines, 6 guided missile cruisers, 57 guided missile destroyers, 55 frigates, 25 patrol boats and 11 mine countermeasures, plus 27 ships of the Imperial Fleet Auxiliary (IFA); the IFA replenishes Imperial Navy warships at sea. Women and homosexuals are allowed to join the armed forces. They are trained in [[wikipedia:Krav Maga|Krav Maga]] hand to hand combat.
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Great Morstaybishlia has the biggest financial sector in the world, [[Sani Bursil]]. The second largest bank in the world, LabiaTurtle Bank, originates from Great Morstaybishlia.
Great Morstaybishlia's biggest trade partners are [[Packilvania
===Science and technology===
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==Culture==
The culture of Great Morstaybishlia has been influenced by many factors including: the nation's Auroran status; its history as a western liberal democracy and as a superpower; as well as being a political union of four countries with each preserving elements of distinctive traditions, customs and symbolism. As a result of the [[Morstaybishlian Empire]], Morstaybishlian influence can be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former and current colonies including
===Freedoms and rights===
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[[File:Ferdinand I, King of Romania, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen.jpg|right|thumb|125px|''Portrait of [[Thadeus I|Thadeus I]]'', by Sir Alvin Gaskin-Bishops, 1916.]]
[[File:Pinkie detailed.jpg|left|thumb|150px|Tommeigh Lawton, ''Divine Elf'', 1790.]]
Morstaybishlian art refers to all forms of visual art in or associated with the country, and encompasses Staynish art, Kaltariz art,
The training of artists, which had long been neglected, began to improve in the 18th century through government and private initiatives, and greatly expanded in the 19th century. Public exhibitions and the later opening of museums brought art to a wider public, especially in Sani Bursil. In the 19th century publicly displayed religious art once again became popular after a virtual absence for over a hundred years.
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===Cuisine===
[[File:Traditional Morstaybishlian roast dinner.png|right|thumb|230px|A traditional roast dinner.]] Morstaybishlian cuisine is the heritage of cooking traditions and practices associated with Great Morstaybishlia through centuries of social and political changes, with roots as far back as the 6th century. It is a mixture of southwestern cuisine (especially Toranslic) and the wider Maltervic cuisine. Morstaybishlian cuisine has historically been divided into town, castle, monastic, parsonage, cottage and farmhouse cuisines. Significant changes occured come the advent of colonialism, which profoundly enriched its native cooking traditions, bringing items such as tomatoes, potatoes, and many root vegetables that became main ingredients of the cuisine starting in the late 17th century. Due to the variety of Morstaybishlian cultural and natural landscapes, there are more than forty five distinct regional cuisines with an abundance of difference in taste and presentation. Morstaybishlian cuisine is popular around the world.
[[File:Hobstiberry pie.jpg|left|thumb|
Morstaybishlian cuisine is rich in fish, fruits, vegetables, game meats, potatoes, pastas and creams. It is characterised by its simplicity and variety, relying heavily on traditional products. North coast cuisine comprise primarily of lighter pasta dishes with fish, fruits and vegetables, and widely incorporate olives and olive oil in meals such as roasted vegetable and seafood pasta, baked cod and roasted vegetables, fish stew and vegetable paten. The inland shire regions and Toransla incorporate heavier ingredients such as pastries, game meats, potatoes and other root vegetables. Traditional meals include [[Wikipedia:Sunday roast|roast dinner]], [[Wikipedia:Game pie|game pie]], [[File:Morstaybishlian roasted vegetable and prawn pasta.jpg|right|thumb|210px|Roasted vegetable and prawn pasta from Marlinia.]][[Wikipedia:Shepherd's pie|shepherd's pie]], stews (for example [[Wikipedia:Clay pot cooking|claypot]] beef and potato), fruit pies (for example [[Hobstiberry|hobstiberry pie]] and [[wikipedia:Banoffee pie|Banoffee pie]]), and cheese dishes. [[Wikipedia:Gouda cheese|Gowder]], [[Wikipedia:Dorset Blue Vinney|Albreshire Blue]] and [[Wikipedia:Duddleswell cheese|Suwold]] are national cheeses.
▲[[File:Hobstiberry pie.jpg|left|thumb|125px|Hobstiberry pie, Morstaybishlia's most famous sweet dish.]]
Morstaybishlian cooking has been influenced by foreign ingredients and cooking styles since the Middle Ages. [[wikipedia:Squid sandwich|Squid baguettes]] (formerly known as ''squid breads'') were introduced from [[New Leganes]] and adapted to Morst tastes from the eighteenth century. [[Tavaris|Tavari]] cuisine influenced Morst recipes throughout the late 17th and early 18th centuries, most notably [[wikipedia:Ceviche#Preparation and variants|Sevišala]]. After the rationing of the [[Great War]], Packilvanian cuisine became heavily popular, featuring meals which mainly featured rice with easy to cultivate root vegetables and pea variants. Another popular Packilvanian dish was [[wikipedia:Tajine|Tajine]] when meats became more easily available.
Great Morstaybishlia has a large winemaking tradition, with the realm of Oglota being a protected winemaking region and one of the largest exporters of wines globally. Morstaybishlia is also a major producer of cider, beer and whiskey and liqueurs.
===Media===▼
''See also: [[List of political magazines of Great Morstaybishlia]]''
The [[MBC]], founded in 1917, is Great Morstaybishlia's publicly funded radio, television and Internet broadcasting corporation, and is the oldest and largest broadcaster in the world. It operates numerous television and radio stations in the MBE and abroad and its domestic services are funded by the television licence. Other major players in the MBE media include STV
▲===Media===
▲The [[MBC]], founded in 1917, is Great Morstaybishlia's publicly funded radio, television and Internet broadcasting corporation, and is the oldest and largest broadcaster in the world. It operates numerous television and radio stations in the MBE and abroad and its domestic services are funded by the television licence. Other major players in the MBE media include STV- a media conglomerate of national broadcasters and newspapers, and the CTV, who themselves dominate the media scene in Kaltariezh since the 1930s. Sani Bursil dominates the media sector in the MBE: national newspapers and television and radio are largely based there, although Rouanezkador is also a significant national media centre. Kirdintayos and Valeron, and Loeizaporzh, are important centres of newspaper and broadcasting production in Valeria and Jusdelva respectively. The MBE publishing sector, including books, directories and databases, journals, magazines and business media, newspapers and news agencies, has a combined turnover of around £141 billion and employs around 1.1 million people.
===Philosophy===
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===Sport===
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[[wikipedia:Football|Association football]] is the most popular sport in Morstaybishlia, varieties of which have been played in Morstaybishlia as far back as Maltervenic times. It has dominated the sport scene since the late 19th century. The Staynish national football team
At club level, Kaltariezh is recognised by the international football association as the birthplace of club football, due to Whitequeens F.C. being founded in 1852 and thus the world's oldest club. The Football Federation is the oldest governing body in the sport, where it drafted the first recognised football rules in the world in 1860. The FF Cup and The Football League were the first cup and league competitions respectively. In the modern day, the Morstaybishlian Premier League is the world's most-watched football league, most lucrative, and amongst the elite, attracting the highest average attendance of all professional sports leagues in the world.
[[File:Gt3 championship.jpg|right|thumb|200px|2019 GT3 Championships, which the MBE won.]]
As is the case throughout the MBE, football in Staynes and Kaltariezh are notable for the rivalries between clubs and the passion of the supporters, which includes a tradition of football chants. The most successful Morstaybishlian football team in the Auroran Cup is [[Celidizia F.C.]] who have won the competition a total of eight times. They are closely followed by Redrugus
Great Morstaybishlia is one of the leading motor sports countries in the world. Constructors like [[Royal Redrugus]] and Kerpten are prominent manufacturers in motor sport. Morstaybishlia came first place in the 2019 GT3 Championships in [[Blueacia]]
[[File:Horse-racing-1.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Millions of people tune in annually for the National Horse Races.]]
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Great Morstaybishlia fields a single national rugby team and a single association, the Morstaybishlian Rugby Football Union, governs the sport across the nation. The Morstaybishlian rugby team have played in every Rugby World Cup, winning in 2003 and 2015.
Today, Great Morstaybishlia is a major world sports powerhouse, with major sports in Morstaybishlia including [[Wikipedia:Table tennis|table tennis]], [[wikipedia:Tennis|tennis]], [[Wikipedia:Rugly union|rugby union]], [[wikipedia:Rugby league|rugby league]], [[wikipedia:Boxing|boxing]], [[wikipedia:Martial arts|martial arts]], [[wikipedia:swimming|swimming]] and other aquatic sports.
Physical fitness is widely emphasized in Morstaybishlian culture, with morning exercises widely practiced, and commercial gyms and private fitness clubs popular across the country.
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